Salzburg´s Cathedral

Most monumental early-baroque building on this side of the alps. Cathedral Square Opening hours

Salzburg's Cathedral is probably the city's most significant piece of church architecture and its ecclesiastical center. With its magnificent façade and mighty dome it represents the most impressive early Baroque edifice north of the Alps. Its origin is closely connected to the ecclesiastical principality's demeanour and growth. Destroyed by fire and rebuilt, enlarged and expanded, it bears witness to the power and independence of Salzburg's archbishops.

The first cathedral was built on this site by Bishop Virgil who came to Salzburg in 767 and built a cathedral on the site of the former Roman Juvavum. On September 24, 774 the cathedral was consecrated to St. Virgil and St. Rupert. The city was set on fire in 1167 by the Counts of Plain, followers of the emperor Friedrick Barbarossa, also destroying the cathedral. The cathedral was rebuilt ten years later under the rule of Archbishop Conrad III of Wittelsbach and became more beautiful, more magnificent and more impressive than ever, making it the mightiest Romaneque cathedral north of the Alps, its size even surpassing the emperor's cathedral in Speyer.

400 years later another fire raged and destroyed large sections of the cathedral on December 11, 1598. This afforded Archbishop Wolf Dietrich the opportunity to tear down the damaged cathedral and to make plans for its reconstruction. The Salzburg residents were extremely outraged at the archbishop's ruthless actions. Not only were valuable sculptures and gravestones of the archbishops destroyed but the cathedral cemetery plowed under and the bones of the dead dumped on the debris. His quarrel with Bavaria over salt mining rights led to his arrest and imprisonment in the Hohensalzburg Fortress by his nephew and successor, Markus Sittikus von Hohenems, which put a bitter end to the various construction projects Wolf Dietrich had planned. After Wolf Dietrich's death the architect Santino Solari was commissioned by Archbishop Markus Sittikus to rebuild the Cathedral, which became the first early Baroque church north of the Alps. Markus Sittikus did not live to see the festive consecration of the Cathedral by Archbishop Paris Lodron during the chaos of the Thirty Years' War on September 25, 1628. Through Paris Lodron's clever diplomacy, the heavily fortified city escaped most of the hardships of the Thirty Years' War so that the consecration of the Cathedral became the largest and most pompous festival that Salzburg ever experienced. The centuries of sovereign rule by the Salzburg prince bishops was ended by the Napoleonic Wars. With the dethroning of the last prince bishop, Hieronymus von Colloredo, the first Habsburg, Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, brought Salzburg under his rule.

In 1944 the dome and part of the chancel were destroyed during a bomb attack. The necessary

renovations were carried out and the Cathedral consecrated in its former magnificence in 1959. The three years found in the gates to the Cathedral are in memory of the three consecrations: "774", "1628" and "1959". Four statues are located in front of the main façade: the apostles Peter and Paul with keys and sword as well as the two patron saints Rupert and Virgil with a salt box and a model of the church. The two escutcheons on the gable ornament refer to the two church builders, Markus Sittikus and Paris Lodron.

Among the precious objects to be found in Salzburg's Cathedral are the baptismal font in which Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was baptised, the majestic main organ, surrounded by angels playing instruments and crowned by Rupert and Virgil, as well as the magnificent Cathedral portals made by Scheider-Manzell, Mataré and Manzú. In his capacity as the court organist and concert master, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart composed numerous undying works of sacred music for Salzburg.

Cathedral Square is the Cathedral's courtyard. Archbishop Guidobald Thun had Giovanni Antonio Dario build the Cathedral arches in 1660. A beautiful Immaculate Column sculpted by Wolfgang and Johann Baptist Hagenauer for Archbishop Sigismund Graf Schrattenbach is located in the center of the square.

St. Peter`s Abbey

Abbey and Benedictine monastery. St. Peter's Cemetery. Early Christian Catacombs. St.-Peter-Bezirk mob. ++43/676/784 74 35 tel. ++43/662/84 45 76-0 fax ++43/662/84 45 76-80 Catacombs

pening hours & AdmissionO

The Frankish missionary Rupert (Hroudbert) came to Salzburg around 700 and founded St. Peter's Church and a monastery on the soil of what was once the Roman Juvavum. It remains the oldest continuously active monastery on German soil.

Salzburg was designated an archbishopric under Archbishop Arno, a friend of the Emperor Charlemagne. The church and its buildings were destroyed by fire in May 1127; from 1130 to 1143 Abbot Balderich had a three-naved Romanesque basilica built. The church and the church district were subject to numerous adaptations in the years to follow. One of Salzburg's oldest Gothic buildings was built in 1319, the St. Veits Chapel. The magnificent Romanesque portal was built around 1240. The transformation to the Rokoko style took place in the 18th century under the energetic and art-loving abbot, Beda Seeauer. During the first half of the 20th century Archabbot Petrus Klotz founded the Collegium Benedictinum with façade frescoes done by Anton Faistauer.

The interior of the church still gives a clear impression of the Romanesque style. The Rokoko decoration of the church is reflected in the large number of altars. Several of the altar paintings are the work of Martin Johann Schmidt, also called "Kremser-Schmidt", one of the most famous devotive and altar painters of the 18th century. Two gigantic Renaissance bronze candlesticks dating back to 1609 were donated by Archbishop Wolf Dietrich. In one of the chapels located on the right side aisle are the memorial of Johann Michael Haydn, a marble plaque in memory of Mozart's sister Nannerl and the tomb of Hans Werner von Raitenau, Wolf Dietrich's father.

Prominent personalities belonged to the monastic community of St. Peter. The scholarship and the fervor of these medieval monks are reflected in a multitude of works. A masterpiece of the prevailing architecture was the construction of the Alm Canal, which involved digging a tunnel through the Mönchsberg. Many of the monks were employed as teachers after the founding of the University in 1622; music and theater were avidly fostered in St. Peter's. In 1769 thirteen-year-old Mozart composed the "Dominicus Mass" for Abbot Hagenauer and in 1783 personally directed his famous Mass in C-minor. In 1782 Johann Michael Haydn composed the "Rupert Mass" for St. Peter's.

Festival Halls

Main event location of Salzburg Festival. Admission only with a guided tour. Hofstallgasse 1, entrance Small Festival Hall/Summer Riding School (3 masks) tel. ++43/662/84 90 97 fax ++43/662/84 78 35 Opening hours & Admission

The so-called festival district is located at the foot of the Mönchsberg. The House for Mozart was built 2004/06. The Large Festival Hall was built to designs by Clemens Holzmeister from 1956-1960. The Felsenreitschule (Rocky Riding School) was built in 1693 after plans by Fischer von Erlach. Site of the annual Salzburg Festival's main performances. The Horse Pond was built in 1695 by Michael Bernhard Mandl.

Three theaters under one roof and each with its own flair: the Salzburg Festival is happy to have its three main stages within close proximity.

The Large Festival Hall was built after plans by the Austrian architect, Clemens Holzmeister, and was inaugurated by Herbert von Karajan in 1960. The building seats an audience of 2,177 with an excellent view of the stage. The Large Festival Hall is used for operas and festive concerts. The

orchestra pit is the work of the stage designer, Richard Peduzzi. The portal of the main stage can be moved between 14 and 30 meters.

The House for Mozart is part of the Festival Hall complex. It was built from 2004 to 2006 following alterations to the Small Festival Hall and was opened in 2006 during the Mozart Year. Ithas 1,495 seats. It was designed by the architect Wilhelm Holzbauer, one of Clemens Holzmeister'sstudents. The foyer from the former Small Festival Hall was incorporated, thereby preserving thefrescoes by Anton Faistauer dating back to 1926.

The Felsenreitschule (Rocky Riding School) Felsenreitschule (Rocky Riding School) was built over 300 years ago to train the archbishop's cavalry. The foyer displays a 700 m2 fresco of a riding technique called "Turkenstechen". The premises have been occupied by the Salzburg Festival since 1926. The open-air theater is ideally suited for operas and concerts and also for the spoken theater. It seats a total of 1,549.

The Cathedral Square Cathedral Square, the venerable courtyard of the Cathedral, has been the magnificent stage setting for the traditional "Everyman" since 1920. The statues of the beautifully designed façade of Salzburg's Cathedral unites the international and the local church: Peter and Paul with the Salzburg patrons St. Rupert and Virgil. Above them the Four Evangelists, on the pediment Christ flanked by Moses and Elijah. A statue of the Virgin Mary, commissioned by Archbishop Sigismund Graf Schrattenbach and sculpted by Wolfgang and Johann Baptist Hagenauer from 1766 to 1771, is located in the center of the square.

The exquisite Large Hall of the Mozarteum was ceremoniously opened in 1914 and seats 807. The Festival uses this stage for concerts.

The Landestheater with its 732 seats was inaugurated in 1893 and renovated in 1978. It is considered an ideal theater. Five works by Thomas Bernhard were originally performed here.

The University Church, designed by Fischer von Erlach and consecrated in 1707, is a popular setting not only for classical, sacred music but also for complicated pieces of music by modern composers. Sacred music concerts are also held in the Cathedral and in St. Peter's Church.

Hohensalzburg Fortress

The Festung or Hohensalzburg Fortress, the chief landmark of Mozart's city, is the largest, fully-preserved fortress in central Europe. Mönchsberg 34 tel. ++43/662/84 24 30-11 fax ++43/662/84 24 30-20 salzburger.burgen.schloesser @salzburg.gv.at Opening hours & Admission

Hohensalzburg Fortress, built in 1077 by Archbishop Gebhard, considerably enlarged by Archbishop Leonhard von Keutschach (1495-1519), largest, fully-preserved fortress in central Europe. The medieval princes' apartments and the Fortress Museum are of particular interest. Since 1892 the fortress can easily be reached by funicular railway departing from the Festungsgasse. The more than 900-year-old citadel dates back to the investiture controversy between emperor and pope over the right to appoint the bishop. As a faithful servant of the pope, Archbishop Gerhard von Salzburg had the strongholds of Hohensalzburg, Hohenwerfen and Friesach built on his sovereign territory in 1077. Expansion of Gebhart's fortifications were temporarily completed under Konrad I (1160 - 1147).

IDuring the 15th and 16th centuries, during the turmoil of the so-called Hungarian War and the Peasants' War in which the province of Salzburg was involved, the archbishops took refuge behind the battlements of the fortress. It was during this period that the main building was enlarged and the arsenal and the granary erected. Archbishop Leonhard von Keutschach (1495 - 1519) enlarged the fortress and its exterior has remained substantially unaltered since then. The fortress' interior was richly decorated: intricate Gothic wood-carvings and ornamental paintings decorate the Golden Hall and the Golden Chamber. 58 insignia and coats of arms with the beetroot are commemorative of Leonhard von Keutschach. The fortress' symbol, the lion, holds the beetroot in its paws. One of the last extensive modifications was the addition of the great Kuenberg bastion.

During its long history the Hohensalzburg Fortress has always remained unconquered by enemy troops.

Having served as a fortification and temporary residence of the prince archbishops for many years, the fortress also served as military barracks and a prison. Prince Archbishop Wolf Dietrich was held captive in the fortress for five years by his nephew and successor, Markus Sittikus, up to his death in 1617.

Today the fortress is open to the public all year round and artists from around the world meet here for courses at the International Summer Academy.

Getreidegasse

Getreidegasse is the heart of Austria's most beautiful shopping center. Artistic portals, picturesque arcaded courtyards. Getreidegasse

The charm of the Getreidegasse, probably Salzburg's most famous shopping lane, is not only generated by the high, narrow houses tightly nestled together, the enticing shops and the wrought iron guild signs, but also to the romantic passageways and courtyards. The name "Getreidegasse" underwent an interesting transformation. Initially it was known as Trabegasse, Trabgasse or Travgasse, derived from "traben" (to trot). Later it transmuted to Tragasse, Traidgasse, Getreidgasse and finally to Getreidegasse. Thus, the street originally had nothing to do with cereal (Getreide).

The row of buildings along the Judengasse and Getreidegasse developed downstream from the former merchant settlement on the Waagplatz ("weighing square"). They were prevented from further expansion by private property borders to the south and west and by the city walls and the Salzach River to the north.

Typical of these houses are the windows which become smaller from the first floor upwards and their beautiful portals, such as the portal of No. 9, Mozart's Birthplace. The Mozart Museum is located in the rooms formerly occupied by the Mozart Family. Although the houses in the Getreidegasse appear to be very narrow they are not small, extending far back in depth on both sides of the street. In former times the space behind the row of houses was mainly used as a garden. Later the gardens gave way to workshops, storage buildings, stables and apartments for domestic servants. When the rear buildings were connected to the main buildings, the typical courtyards were

formed. During recent years the rear buildings were used by the domiciled shops to increase their selling area. The passageways became shopping passages which also serve as covered galleries.

These interconnected buildings have given Salzburg a certain architectural flair. Each courtyard is a work of art in itself: columns, vaulted passageways, chapiters, moulded cornices, reliefs, marble balustrades, engraved building names and dates. Pergolas, steep and narrow steps as well as colorful flower arrangements in the arcades create a unique atmosphere.The Schatz Haus passageway leading from Getreidegasse 3 to University Square is probably the most frequented passageway. An impressive relief portraying the Madonna with Child is located in a dark niche. A plaque also

commemorates the stay of the German socialist leader, August Bebel. The courtyards, most of which are decorated with arcades, are an absolute must when visiting the city.

Today most people are attracted to the Getreidegasse because of its multitude of shops selling jewelry, "Trachten" or traditional costumes, the latest fashions, antiques, leather and paper goods, parfumes, delicatessen and just about anything one could want. Even today, the elegant and intricate guild signs of the restaurants, shops and workshops project above the visitors' heads. Many of these elaborate "advertising signs" are the product of skilful craftsmanship.

Mozart Square

The square is dominated by the statue of Mozart by Ludwig Schwanthaler. Mozart Square

The square is dominated by the statue of Mozart by Ludwig Schwanthaler, ceremoniously unveiled on September 5, 1842 in the presence of Mozart's sons. Mozart's widow, Constanze von Nissen, did not live to see the unveiling. She died on March 6th of the same year in the house at Mozartplatz 8. A plaque was placed on the house in her memory. "Michl march, Mozart is here!" This was the local vernacular when the site for the erection of the Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart monument was being discussed. The two squares coming into consideration were the Hannibalplatz in front of Mozart's Residence (today's Makart Square) and the Michaelsplatz (today's Mozart Square), whose fountain with the Baroque statue of St. Michael had to give way to the Mozart monument." The Bavarian king, Ludwig I, was an important promotor. He personally contributed a significant amount of money and also donated the marble pedestal, now owned by the Carolino Augusteum Museum. Originally, the monument was to have been unveiled in 1841 but a valuable Roman mosaic tile floor was discovered during excavation work:

"hic habitat [felicitas], nihil intret mali" (Hier wohnt [das Glück], nichts Schlimmes trete ein),

which postponed the unveiling until September 1842.

Today the so-called "Antretter House", located on Mozart Square 4, accommodates the Salzburg University's Institute of Music. The county chancellor and royal war councillor Johann Ernst von Antretter and his wife Maria Anna Elisabeth bought the house in

September 1765. The Antretter family was closely acquainted with the Mozart family, e.g. Cajetan, one of the Antretter's sons and the Mozarts were members of the Bölzl infantry and one of the Antretter daughters was a member of Nannerl Mozart's "scholars". The Antretter family also commissioned Mozart to compose the "Antretter Serenade" K. 185. Numerous letters and diary entries document the friendship between the two families. The attractive building, built between the 16th and 18th centuries, is well worth seeing.

The "Schaffner House" on the adjacent Waagplatz is the birthplace of the poet Georg Trakl.

Mozart`s Birthplace

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born here on January 27, 1756. Today the rooms once occupied by the Mozart family house a museum. Getreidegasse 9 tel. ++43/662/84 43 13 fax ++43/662/84 06 93 archiv@mozarteum.at Opening hours & Admission

In Getreidegasse no. 9, is where the Leopold Mozart family lived from 1747 to 1773. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born here on January 27, 1756. Today the rooms once occupied by the Mozart family house a museum. The most famous exhibits include Mozart's childhood violin, his concert violin, his clavichord, the pianoforte, portraits and correspondence of the Mozart family. The International Mozart Foundation first set up a museum in Mozart's birthplace, Getreidegasse 9, on June 15, 1880. During the last few decades the museum was systematically renovated by the International Mozarteum Foundation and has become a cultural site attracting thousands of visitors from around the world to Salzburg year after year.

The Mozart family lived on the third floor of the "Hagenauer House" for 26 years. The house was named after its owner and Mozart's friend, the merchant and grocer Johann Lorenz Hagenauer (1712 - 1792), and consisted of a kitchen, a small chamber, a living room, bedroom and study. On exhibit in the historical rooms are manuscripts (facsimiles), documents and souvenirs, the original portraits of the family members such as the 1789 unfinished oil painting by Mozart's brother-in-law, Joseph Lange of "Mozart at the Piano" and the historical instruments (Mozart's concert piano, clavichord, Mozart's concert and child's violin, viola) that were acquired from Mozart's widow, Constanze Nissen (1762 - 1842) and her sons, Carl Thomas (1784 - 1858) and Franz Xaver Wolfgang (1791 - 1844) by the International Mozarteum Foundation.

In 1994 the Mozart Residence was carefully renovated and reorganized by the Viennese architect, Prof. Elsa Prochazka, according to state of the art museum technology to protect the exhibits from damage.

In 1985 the apartment of Mozart's neighbor, Babette von Moll, the aunt of the famous Salzburg geologist and natural scientist, Karl Ehrembert von Moll (1760 - 1838) located in the rear part of the house facing University Square, was redecorated with private funds into a "commoner's apartment in Salzburg in Mozart's time". In addition to furniture and everyday utensils three themes are documented: "Mozart and the University of Salzburg", "Mozart's friendship to Salzburg families" and "Sacred music and reverence of the saints".

The second floor is dedicated to the theme "Mozart at the Theater". Numerous diorams (miniature stages) illustrate the history of the reception of Mozart's operas. Stage sets from the late 18th to the 20th century display the many different interpretations of Mozart's works. Since 1981, the International Mozarteum Foundation has presented different "Mozart" exhibitions on the first floor of Mozart's Birthplace each year

Mozart`s Residence

Mozart lived here from 1773 to 1780. Exhibits relating to the life of the Mozart Family and history of the building. Makartplatz 8 tel. ++43/662/87 42 27-40 fax ++43/662/87 29 24 archiv@mozarteum.at Opening hours & Admission

The earliest documentary evidence we have of Mozart's Residence, also known as the Tanzmeisterhaus (dancing master's house), dates back to 1617. It consisted of two buildings until 1685. On August 3, 1711 Lorenz Speckner was given permission by decree to hold dancing lessons for the aristocracy in the building. In the 1713 "description of souls" (today's census) the house was already referred to as the Tanzmeisterhaus. The house was turned over to the highly aristocratic dancing master and "ante camera" valet, Franz Karl Gottlieb Speckner (approx. 1705 - 1767), son of Lorenz, on September 9, 1739. In those days a dancing master played an important role: he not only gave young aristocrats dancing lessons but also prepared them for life at court and was perfectly conversant with the complicated court ceremonial.

On November 15, 1747 Franz Gottlieb Speckner was one of the witnesses to the marriage of

Mozart's parents. The Mozart family had considered moving to a larger residence as early as December 1765; their quarters on the third floor of the Hagenauer House located in today's Getreidegasse 9 consisted of a kitchen, a chamber and one living room, bedroom and study.

Leopold Mozart wrote to his landlord, Johann Lorenz Hagenauer (1712 - 1792) from the Hague: "For example, where will my daughter sleep? Where will Wolfgang take up his quarters? Where will I find room for him to study and go about his work, which he will be sure to have in abundance? And where will I stay? My children and I should each have his own place so not to trouble the others. Can you possibly have a few more rooms built on?"

Speckner died on May 15, 1767 at the age of 62. The inheritance went to his cousin, Maria Anna Raab (1710 - April 5, 1788) who was to go in the annals of Mozart literature as Tanzmeister Mitzerl.. She no longer organized balls but resorted to renting, making the large ballroom available to wedding parties. During the Mozart family's extensive journey throughout western Europe (1763 - 1766) the plans to move to another house were pushed aside. On February 20, 1771 Leopold wrote to his wife from Venice: "... Home! I just remembered that we cannot live at home. Please write me to advise whether we shall take lodgings at the Sailerwirt (former inn, Getreidegasse 10), the Stern (today's Sternbräu, Getreidegasse 34-36) or at the Saulentzl (former inn with butcher's shop, Goldgasse 13). It shall probably be best for me to stay at the Löchl (the Löchlwirt, today's Restaurant Eulenspiegel, Hagenauerplatz 2), where I shall be near the Hagenauer House (Leopold only had to cross the square). The way we have been sleeping with each other (like soldiers) cannot continue; Wolfgang is no longer 7 years old, etc.".

After their third journey to Vienna (mid-July to September 25, 1773) the Mozarts moved into their new domicile on the former Hannibalplatz (today's Makart Square 8). The spacious residence was large enough to receive friends and musicians. The actor, theater director and librettist of "The Magic Flute", Emanuel Schikaneder (1751-1812), was a frequent visitor. In this house Wolfgang wrote symphonies, divertimenti, serenades, piano and violin concerti and a bassoon concerto, arias, masses and other sacred music from 1773 - 1780. He composed the "Re pastore" K. 208, began his "La Finta giardiniera" K. 196 and "Idomeneo" K. 366. From 1773 to 1787, the year in which Leopold died, the Mozart family wrote 232 letters of which we have knowledge and a total of 215 letters were received at this address. Many letters were lost or no longer exist. Wolfgang often made fun of his landlady Mitzerl. On December 30, 1774 he wrote his sister from Munich: "... Give my best to the Virgin Mizerl, she shall not doubt my love for her, I constantly see her before me in her beguiling negligée; I have seen many an attractive maiden here but none can match her beauty ." This quotation has caused many Mozart biographers to see Mizerl as a girlfriend of Mozart's but the good housewife was 46 years older than the 18-year-old Wolfgang at that time...

Mozart's mother died in Paris in 1778, Mozart's sister Nannerl married and moved to St. Gilgen in 1784, leaving Leopold to live alone in the spacious quarters. On July 25, 1785 his grandson, Leopold Alois Pantaleon, was born at the house († June 15, 1840 at Innsbruck) and left in the care of his grandfather. The house had various owners after Leopold Mozart's death on May 28, 1787. A bomb struck the house on October 16, 1944, destroying two-thirds of the building. The owner at that time sold the destroyed section to the Assicurazioni Generali, who erected an office building on the site which the International Mozarteum Foundation was able to purchase in 1989. The

International Mozarteum Foundation had already purchased the preserved section of the Tanzmeistersaal in 1955 and turned it into a museum. The office building was torn down on May 2, 1994 and reconstruction according to old plans commenced on May 4th.

Residenz

Former official apartements of the Salzburg prince archbishops. Residenzplatz 1 tel. ++43/662/80 42-26 90 (27 61) fax ++43/662/80 42-29 78 residenz@salzburg.gv.at Opening hours & Admission

The medieval bishops' residence was given today's magnificent early Baroque appearance at the end of the 16th century. Open to the public: the State Rooms of the Residenz - formerly used by Salzburg's prince archbishops as reception rooms and living quarters - as well as the Residenz Gallery with its fabulous collection of paintings by European artists of the 16th - 19th centuries. The building referred to as the New Building of the Residenz is located across from the Residenz. Salzburg's Residenz, situated in the heart of the city, is an extensive complex of buildings, containing some 180 rooms and three spacious courtyards. Here the the prince archbishops of Salzburg held court and controlled the destiny of their country up to the 19th century. The prince archbishops continued to add on to their palace for centuries. The building sustained substantial structural changes under Prince Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau (1587 - 1612). The Residenz, used to entertain the important guests of the prince archbishops for many centuries, continues to serve in that function. In recent decades it has seen crowned heads, political leaders and prominent figureheads. In 1867 Emperor Franz Josef I and his wife Elisabeth welcomed the French Emperor Napoleon III and his wife Eugénie for an official visit over a period of several days at the former archiepiscopal court.

Today the Residenz is the venue for official receptions, meetings and international conventions. The Residenz is entered from Residenz Square through a large marble portal bearing the coat of arms of the prince archbishops Wolf Dietrich, Paris Lodron and Franz Anton Harrachs. The wide main staircase leads up to the Carabinierisaal. This hall was built around 1600 under Wolf Dietrich and is named after the prince archbishop's bodyguards. The hall was not only used by the bodyguards but also as a theater and banquet hall.

The adjoining state rooms, used by the former prince bishops for court

ceremonies, were redecorated under Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt at the beginning of the 18th century. The ceiling frescoes are the work of Michael Rottmayr and Martino Altomonte.

The prince bishops often invited guests to a concert performance in the Rittersaal. Young Mozart also played regularly at the Salzburg Residenz. At that time his father was in the archbishop's service as the director of the cathedral orchestra. Today concerts (Salzburg Palace Concerts) are still performed in this hall because of its excellent acoustics. On May 1,1816 Emperor Franz I administered the oath of allegiance to the Salzburg trades in this room. That was the beginning of Salzburg's affiliation to Austria. His fourth wife, Caroline Auguste, came to Salzburg during the summer for almost thirty years and stayed at the Residenz. She was also one of the greatest promoters of Salzburg's Carolino Augusteum Museum which was named after her.

Other halls in the Residenz are the Conference Room or Ratszimmer (Councillors' Room), where Mozart performed his first court concert at the age of six, the Antecamera, the Audience Hall, the most magnificent hall of the Residenz and the most dominating of the archiepiscopal state rooms, symbolizing the power and the magnitude of the ecclesiastical and secular principality and its absolutistic administration. Also noteworthy are the Arbeitszimmer (Study), the Schreibzimmer and Schatullenzimmer (Writing Room and Privy Room), the Bedroom, the Gallery (cornerstone for the present-day Residence Gallery), the Throne Room, the White Hall or Markus Sittikus Hall, the Green Room and the Emperor's Hall, formerly called the Emperor's Chamber, adorned by portraits of the kings and emperors of the Habsburg Dynasty. A corrider directly connects the Emperor's Hall with the mighty late Gothic choir of the Franciscan Church. Wolf Dietrich used this corrider to reach the private apartments of the Residenz where his mistress, Salome Alt, and the children lived.

Today, several characteristic sections of the archiepiscopal palace are part of Salzburg' s Paris Lodron University. The so-called Toscana Wing to the north is the seat of the University of Salzburg's Faculty for Jurisprudence. During the renovation of the Toscana Wing important structures were unearthed and significant archeological findings discovered, providing scientists with valuable information about Medieval Salzburg.

St. Petersfriedhof

St. Peter's Cemetery with its unique backdrop is one of the oldest and most charming cemeteries in the world. St. Peter's district St. Peter's Cemetery Opening hours

Catacombs Opening hours & Admission

St. Peter's Cemetery with its unique backdrop is one of the oldest and most charming cemeteries in

the world. It serves as the final resting place for many notable personalities, artists, scholars and merchants: Santino Solari (architect and builder of Salzburg Cathedral), Nannerl Mozart (Mozart's sister), Lorenz Hagenauer (the Mozart family's friend and landlord), Michael Haydn (composer and Joseph Haydn's younger brother), Paul Hofhaimer (organist and composer), Sigmund Haffner (benefactor and mayor, friend of the Mozart family, Mozart's "Haffner Serenade" and "Haffner Symphony"), Richard Mayr (opera singer and the first "Ochs von Lerchenau" in the "Rosenkavalier" at the Salzburg Festival), Harry Collins (last commander of the American occupation forces who later lived in Salzburg, honorary citizen of the city). Catacombs The so-called "catacombs" hewn out of the Mönchsberg rock are one of the special attractions at St. Peter's Cemetery (open all year) and probably of early Christian origin. St. Gertrude's Chapel and the Maximus Chapel are especially worth seeing.

St. Sebastian`s Church

St. Sebastian` Church, St. Sebastian's Cemetery , grave from the Mozart family and Paracelsus; Linzer Gasse St. Sebastian's Church St. Sebastian's Cementery

The history of St. Sebastian's Church can be traced to Archbishop Leonhard von Keutschach who had the church erected from 1505 to 1512.

The deteriorating, late Gothic church, which ancient views of the city depict with a small tower and steep roof, was torn down in 1750 and replaced by a late Baroque colonnaded hall. The reconstruction work was performed by Franz Anton Danreiter and the Tyrolese architect Kassian Singer. The magnificent Rokoko portal by Josef Anton Pfaffinger and the elaborate gate designed by Philipp Hinterseer in 1752 are of particular value. The high altar is decorated with a beautiful Madonna with Child, the work of Hans Waldburger dating back to 1611.

The devastating town fire in 1818 which destroyed large sectors of the town on the right bank of the river also burned parts of St. Sebastian's Church. The ceiling frescoes painted by Paul Troger and the high altar painting depicting St. Sebastian were completely destroyed.

Renovation of the church in the style of the 19th century commenced in 1820. The Baroque paintings were replaced by works of contemporary artists and the confessional boxes modernized.

Restoration of the church commenced in 1991 in collaboration with the federal office for the preservation of ancient monuments. Work is expected to be completed in 1996 when the church should regain its former splendor.

The passage to the world-famous St. Sebastian's Cemetery has held the tomb of the famous physician Theophratus Bombastus von Hohenheim, also called "Paracelsus", since 1564 Prince Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau had the cemetery built by Andrea Berteleto from 1795 to 1600 in the style of an Italian campo santo to replace the old cathedral cemetery. Prominent Salzburg burghers and merchants' families as well as famous personalities have found their last resting place under the magnificent arcades of the cemetery: Mozart's father Leopold, Wolfgang's wife Constanze as well as her second husband, Georg Nikolas von Nissen, her aunt Genovefa von Weber, mother of the composer Carl Maria von Weber, as well as Elia Castello, builder of the Gabriel Chapel.

The Gabriel Chapel with the mausoleum for Prince Archbishop Wolf Dietrich in the center of the cemetery is undoubtedly the most magnificent tomb. It was built after designs by Elia Costello and till bears witness to the authority and philosophy of the former sovereign. s

Hellbrunn - Palace and Trick Fountains

One of the finest examples of mannerist architecture, world-famous trick fountains. Admission only with a guided tour. Hellbrunn - Palace and Trick Fountains Fürstenweg 37 tel. ++43/662/82 03 72-0 fax ++43/662/82 03 72-49 31 info@hellbrunn.at http://www.hellbrunn.at/Opening hours & Admission

In 1612, only a few months after ascending the throne, Salzburg's Prince Archbishop Markus Sittikus von Hohenems commissioned a country residence to be built at the foot of the well-watered Hellbrunn Mountain. A lover of Italian art and culture, Markus Sittikus commissioned the famous Cathedral architect, Santino Solari, to design a "villa suburbana", a summer residence matching the elegance and spaciousness of the magnificent Italian architecture with which he was so obsessed. Within a relatively short period of time an architectural masterpiece was created just south of the city that remains one of the most magnificent Renaissance buildings north of the Alps: the Lustschloss ("pleasure palace") of Hellbrunn with its spacious park and its unique Wasserspiele (trick fountains).

Water was the central theme in the palace's design. The numerous sources in Hellbrunn Mountain gave the estate effervescent life. Hidden in the shade of bushes and trees or jetting out from unexpected hiding places - the world-famous Wasserspiele have been the main attraction at

Hellbrunn for almost 400 years. Hballrooms, the enchanting gardens and the unique trick fountains, the palace was primarily used athe site of luxurious celebrations and festivities, spectacular events and cultural highlights.

ellbrunn only served the archbishops as a residence in exceptional cases. With its magnificent s

The spacious park was redecorated around 1730 according to plans by the inspector of the royal

, t

Markus Sittikus had the natural stone quarry in Hellbrunn transformed into a stage, creating the

Today the Hellbrunner "Monatsschlösschen", originally called Waldems and built in 1615 for s

nal

Visitors originally came to Hellbrunn for excursions, hunts and elegant receptions. Today they e

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gardens, Franz Anton Danreiter, and adapted to the "new" style of the age. The mythical and historical statues date back to the beginning of the 17th century. A statue of Empress Elisabethsculpted by Edmund von Hellmer, which had formerly stood in front of the old "Hotel Europe" athe Empress Elisabeth Railway Station (today's central railway station) was placed in the so-calledEnglish Park.

"Steintheater" (Stone Theater), the oldest open-air stage in Europe.

Archbishop Markus Sittikus, as its name suggests, within the record time of only a month, housethe folklore museum of Salzburg's Carolino Augusteum Museum. The manor, idyllically situated overlooking Hellbrunn Park, houses a collection of regional folklore with objects of popular customs and piety, furnishings, popular medicine and a number of beautiful Trachten (traditiocostumes) worn in the Salzburg valley regions.

come for meetings, seminars and glamorous social events. And perhaps the reason that the palachas become a popular venue for international events is that it was built for that very purpose almos400 years ago!

Mirabell Palace Mirabell Palace, Mirabell

irabellplatz

pening hours &

Gardens, Marble Hall; M OAdmission

In 1606 Prince Archbishop Wolf Die ich von Raitenau had a palace built outside the town walls for trSalome Alt which he called "Altenau". Salome Alt was the daughter of the prominent merchant and

councillor, Wilhelm Alt, and the prince archbishop's mistress. She bore him 15 children, of which 10 survived. Salome Alt had no political significance.

After Wolf Dietrich's death - he was forced to abdicate in 1612 and was held captive in the Fortress

Prince Archbishop Franz Anton von Harrach had the palace remodeled extensively from 1721 to

all

Peter de Nobile, court architect and director of the school of architecture in Vienna, gave the palace

rway

until his death - Altenau was re-named "Mirabell" by his successor, Markus Sittikus von Hohenems (1612 - 1619). Prince Archbishop Paris Lodron (1619 - 1653) included the palace and gardens in his extended ring of fortifications. He spent much of his leisure time at Mirabell which he loved and where he died on December 15, 1653.

1727 by the famous Baroque architect, Lukas von Hildebrandt, who combined the individual partsof the building to form a homogeneous palace. The palace was heavily damaged by the disastrous town fire on April 30, 1818, destroying the frescoes painted by Johann Michael Rottmayr and Gaetano Fanti. Fortunately, the great marble staircase leading into the palace and the Marble Hremained undamaged.

its present unassuming, neo-classical appearance. Details such as the scroll work around the windows, the chapiters and the stucco work are the reminders of its former splendor. The staiby Lukas von Hildebrandt is one of the palace's great masterpieces. White marble putti (cherubs) adorn the lavishly embellished marble balustrade; the figures in the niches are the work of the famous sculptor, Georg Raphael Donner (1726) and among the most beautiful creations of the European Baroque era.

Today the Marble Hall, formerly the prince archbishop's banquet hall where Mozart's father ged to Leopold and his children Wolfgang and Nannerl once played their instruments, is acknowled

be one of the "most beautiful wedding halls in the world". The Marble Hall also serves as an elegantvenue for conferences, awards ceremonies and exquisite concerts (Salzburg Palace Concerts).

Famous personalities have stayed at Mirabell Palace: three years before the great fire on July 1,

One year later Salzburg became "Austrian" again and Mirabell Palace became the summer palace

mperor

oday the Palace accommodates the office of Salzburg's Bürgermeister (mayor) and the municipal

1815, just after Salzburg was transferred to Bavaria, Prince Otto of Bavaria, later to become the King of Greece, was born in Mirabell Palace.

residence of the emperor. Archbishop Cardinal Maximilian Josef von Tarnóczy lived in the for 12 years, from 1851 to 1863. The legendary Capuchin monk, Joachim Haspinger, loyal companion and comrade in arms of the Tyrolese patriot, Andreas Hofer, was a guest of the efrom September 4, 1854 to January 12, 1858 at Mirabell Palace, where he died; a commemorative plaque was placed in the palace courtyard. Tadministration.

Mirabellgarten

Mirabell Gardens, Dwarf Gardens Schloß Mirabell

Prince Archbishop Johann Ernst Graf von Thun (1687 - 1709) had the famous Mirabell Gardens remodelled in 1690 according to plans by Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach. They were redesigned around 1730 by Franz Anton Danreiter.

The Pegasus, designed by Kaspar Gras from Innsbruck (1661), was placed here in 1913 after having stood on Chapter Square, Mirabell Square, Makart Square and even in a museum (under a staircase). The 4 groups of figures around the fountain were sculpted by Ottavio Mosto (1690) and symbolize the 4 elements: Fire (Aeneas' flight from Troy), Air (Hercules' battle with Antaeus), Earth (Pluto, lord of the Underworld abducting Zeus' daughter Persephone) and Water (Paris carrying off Helen, precipitating the Trojan War).

The mythical figures on the balustrade are the work of Bartholomäus van Opstal and Johann Fröhlich. The copies of the famous "Borghese Fencer" are attributed to Andreas Götzinger (the inner pair) and Michael Bernhard Mandl (the outer, artistically more valuable pair). The pedestals bear the coat of arms of Salzburg's Archbishop Johann Ernst Graf Thun (1687 - 1709). The elaborately decorated vases on the balustrade were built after plans by Fischer von Erlach.

The Heckentheater (Hedge Theater) is located on the west side of the Gardens. Built between 1704 and 1718, it is one of the oldest hedge theaters north of the Alps.

The Zwerglgarten (Dwarf Garden) dates back to Archbishop Franz Anton Graf Harrach, who had a dwarf theater with 28 dwarves set up southwest of the palace. Unfortunately, nothing is known of the creator of these "mysterious figures". These pitiful, misshapen beings, attached to almost all of the Baroque European courts for entertainment purposes, were highly respected and well-treated

because of their integrity and loyalty. The dwarves in the Mirabell Gardens, made of Untersberg marble, are representative of these grotesque characters.

In concern for his wife and their unborn child, Crown Prince Ludwig of Bavaria had the disfigured creatures with their goitres and hunchbacks removed from the Dwarf Garden (they were to be destroyed). Fortunately, they were only auctioned off and the dwarves were forgotten for over one hundred years. Not until 1921 did the Salzburg Society for the Preservation of Local Amenities recall this part of Salzburg's cultural heritage to mind and convince the city councillors to place the nine dwarves then in the city's possession in their historical positions. Today the carefully restored dwarves are set up in the Bastion Garden and the hope remains that all of the dwarves still preserved will be retrieved and reunited in their historically innate location.

In 1854 Emperor Franz Joseph opened the Mirabell Gardens to the public. It has remained a jewel of horticultural architecture to this day.

Endless vistas - the Untersberg Cableway

Hiking and mountain climbing just outside the gates of the city The Untersberg and the Untersberg Cableway - Information

Directions to the ntersberg Cableway U

Come along on a lovely ride to the top of the Untersberg mountain in a spacious cabin of our cable car. During your ride, you will have magnificant views of the Rositten Valley and the surrounding mountains. From the cable car station atop the mountain, you can hike to the Geiereck (1805 meters), visit the mountain climbers memorial, or walk to the Salzburg Hochthron mountain (1856 meters). From the summit, you'll be able to see the beautiful Salzburg Lake District, as well as the ice-capped Hohen Tauern mountains. You will also want to visit the Hochalm restaurant and the Zeppezauer house while on the Untersberg. It's important to remember that you are in high-alpine country and that you should therefore have proper clothing and shoes. Wheater information can be obtained by calling 06246/72477

The Untersberg cable-car (UBB) is operated by a two-cable system and runs in shuttle-traffic. The UBB, from a technical point of view, reaches several peak values in comparison to other cable-cars within the Alps: Exceptionally large difference in altitude of 1320 m, largest distance from the ground 286m, and an enormously long free-hanging span of 1.548 km between the valley station and post I.