Salzburg Seminar

2000 President's Report (edited for the Internet)

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The Salzburg Seminar ............................................................................................................................2

Message from the Chairman and the President ......................................................................................3

Board of Directors ..............................................................................................................................4-5

1999 in Review..................................................................................................................................6-17

2000 Academic Program..................................................................................................................18-19

Global Network................................................................................................................................20-21

Salzburg Seminar Alumni................................................................................................................22-23

Faculty and Fellows, 1947Ð2000: A Partial Retrospective ............................................................24-25

Securing the Future..........................................................................................................................26-27

Salzburg Seminar Staff ........................................................................................................................28

Contents

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The Salzburg Seminar is one of the worldÕs foremost internationaleducational centers committed to broadening the perspectives of tomorrowÕs leaders.With the principles of reconciliation and intellectual inquiry central to its activities,the Seminar is dedicated to promoting the free exchange of ideas, experience, andunderstanding in a multi-disciplinary, cross-cultural environment. During the course ofeach year, some 1,000 professionals of exceptional promise from more than 100countries gather at the SeminarÕs magnificent facility at Schloss Leopoldskron fordiscussion of political, social, and cultural issues of universal concern. It is theSeminarÕs belief, confirmed by a tradition of fifty-two years, that intensive interactionamong peers from diverse backgrounds in a neutral forum will expand viewpoints,facilitate the establishment of worldwide professional networks, and effect enlightenedchange in the future.

“In the context of anincreasingly globalized

world economy and society,the Salzburg Seminar is

extremely effective in termsof illuminating contrasts in

perspectives andexperiences. It provides the

platform for nurturingmutual understanding of

shared and disparateproblems confronting theworld and hopefully, in

doing so, will enable us togenerate acceptable

solutions to those problems.”

Fellow, Malaysia

Salzburg Seminar

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As this historic year unfolds,we at the Seminar, like much of theworld, have been thinking about ourfuture and, in particular, the role weplay in helping individuals to meetthe challenges of the twenty-firstcentury. We are thankful for theopportunity to foster globalcitizenship and are inspired by thededication and vision of our Fellowsand Faculty. Our commitment todiversity and reconciliation issteadfast, and we will persevere inour efforts to promote tolerance andunderstanding.

This past fall, the Seminarwas pleased to launch our newwebsite located at www.salzburgseminar.org, which incorporatesenhanced web features and dynamiccontent. The Seminar continues todevelop better ways to usetechnology to promote expandedcommunication among its ever-widening network of participants.We are excited by the activity onmany of our post-session listservs,and by the potential for our newvideo-conferencing capability,

Message from the Chairman and the Presidentwhich we are planning to introducethis year.

The Seminar is also happy tohave embarked on a new phase inrenovating the Meierhof, which datesfrom the seventeenth century and islocated on the grounds of theSchloss. It houses the SeminarÕsmain lecture hall, the AmericanStudies Center, the computer lab,staff offices, and accommodationsfor Seminar participants. Thisundertaking represents thecompletion of a renovation projectbegun eleven years ago and willdramatically transform SalzburgSeminar academic space andoperations.

What follows in this Report isan overview, in the form of atimeline, of the 1999 academicprogram. We are proud of ourmultifaceted program: Core Sessionshave formed the basis of the programsince its inception; Special Sessionsconvene senior level professionalsand enable us to form partnershipswith like-minded organizations; theUniversities Project advances highereducation reform; and the AmericanStudies Center provides a venue forthe teaching of American Studies.The events that are featured in the

following pages are meant to berepresentative of what takes placeduring any given year at theSeminar, and they reflect thematicareas that are recurrent in theSeminarÕs academic program: non-governmental organizations,international affairs, sustainabledevelopment, the arts, universityreform, and Asia. They are alsomeant to reflect the intellectual depth

and scope of the Salzburg Seminarprogram, and the important contribu-tion that we believe we are makingto the building of a better world.

We are also pleased toshowcase our 2000 academic

program, and the diverseaccomplishments of our Faculty andFellows, highlighted in theRetrospective sectionof this Report. Andfinally, weacknowledge withdeep and profoundgratitude all thosewho have supportedthe Seminar this pastyear. Manyindividuals andorganizations havegiven generously tomake the work of theSeminar possible. TheSeminar has long brought youngmen and women from all over theworld together in Salzburg foreducational programs that embracethe values held dear in civil society.We celebrate what can be achievedby the broadest-possibleinclusiveness, and we invite peopleeverywhere to join us in affirmingthese values.

“The Seminar has longbrought young men andwomen from all over the

world together inSalzburg for educationalprograms that embracethe values held dear in

civil society.”

Olin C. RobisonPresident

Roy M. HuffingtonChairman of the Board

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DIRECTORS

Alberta Arthurs, Associate, MEMAssociates; and Former Director, Arts andHumanities, The Rockefeller Foundation; NewYork, New York

Thomas D. Barr, Cravath, Swaine &Moore; New York, New York

Ernest A. Bates, Chairman and ChiefExecutive Officer, American Shared HospitalServices; San Francisco, California

Chan Heng-Chee, Ambassador of theRepublic of Singapore to the United States;Washington, DC

Alice Emerson, Senior Advisor, Andrew W.Mellon Foundation; and Visiting Scholar,Harvard Graduate School of Education;Arlington, Massachusetts

John C. Fontaine, Partner, HughesHubbard & Reed LLP; New York, New York

Bathsheba A. Freedman, Counselor;Author; Cambridge, Massachusetts

James O. Freedman, President Emeritus,Dartmouth College and University of Iowa;Cambridge, Massachusetts

Daniel R. Fung, Senior Counsel; andFulbright Visiting Scholar for Hong Kong to theUnited States; Hong Kong

Richard N. Gardner, Counsel, Morgan,Lewis, & Bockius; and Professor of Law andInternational Organization, Columbia University;New York, New York

Anne V. Ginevan, Vermont StateRepresentative; Middlebury, Vermont

OFFICERS

Roy M. Huffington, ChairmanChairman, Roy M. Huffington, Inc.; and FormerAmbassador of the United States to Austria;Houston, Texas

Michael Palliser, Vice ChairmanVice Chairman (retired), Samuel Montagu &Co., Ltd.; London

Herbert P. Gleason, SecretaryCounsel, Choate, Hall & Stewart; Boston,Massachusetts

Dennis OÕBrien, TreasurerPresident Emeritus, University of Rochester;Middlebury, Vermont

Olin C. Robison, President President Emeritus, Middlebury College;Middlebury, Vermont

LIFE MEMBERS

Lloyd N. Cutler, Chairman of the Board,Salzburg Seminar, 1984Ð1994; and SeniorCounsel, Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering;Washington, DC

Herbert P. Gleason, Counsel, Choate, Hall& Stewart; Boston, Massachusetts

Clemens Heller, Co-Founder, SalzburgSeminar; and Former Director, Maison desSciences de LÕHomme; Lausanne

Antonie T. Knoppers, Chairman of theBoard, Salzburg Seminar, 1975Ð1984; NewYork, New York

David W. Ginevan, Executive VicePresident of Facilities Planning, MiddleburyCollege; Middlebury, Vermont

Wilhelmine Goldmann, Director ofPrivatization, �sterreichische IndustrieholdingAG; Vienna

Heather Sturt Haaga, Artist; and FormerPresident, Marketing Management, Inc.;La Canada, California

Paul G. Haaga, Jr., Executive VicePresident and Director, Capital Research andManagement Company; La Canada, California

Kathryn Hall (ex-officio), Ambassador of theUnited States to Austria; Vienna

James Oliver Horton, Director, Afro-American Communities Project, NationalMuseum of American History, The SmithsonianInstitution; and Benjamin Banneker Professor ofAmerican Studies and History, Department ofAmerican Studies, George WashingtonUniversity; Washington, DC

Shirley M. Hufstedler, Senior of Counsel,Morrison & Foerster; and Former United StatesSecretary of Education; Los Angeles, California

Hyun Hong-Choo, Kim & Chang; Seoul

Mikio Kato, Trustee and Executive Director,International House of Japan, Inc.; Tokyo

Robert R. Kiley, President and ChiefExecutive Officer, New York City Partnership,Inc.; New York, New York

Raoul F. Kneucker, Director General,Scientific Research and International Affairs,Austrian Federal Ministry of Science andTransport; Vienna

Lee Hong-koo, Ambassador of Korea to theUnited States; and Former Prime Minister ofthe Republic of Korea; Washington, DC

Anthony Lester, Member, English Bar; andPresident and Founding Chairman, Interights;London

Klaus Liebscher, Governor,�sterreichische Nationalbank; Vienna

Otto C. C. Lin, Vice President for Researchand Development, Hong Kong University ofScience and Technology; Kowloon, Hong Kong

Whitney MacMillan, Chairman and ChiefExecutive Officer (retired), Cargill, Inc.;Minneapolis, Minnesota

Board of Directors 2000

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Robert E. Herzstein, Co-Chair

Elspeth Davies Rostow, Co-Chair

Andries M. van AgtErik BelfrageDouglas J. BennetFrank BoasMartyn A. BondLaurens Jan BrinkhorstHarvey BrooksKonrad BusseSilvio B. CaflischHodding CarterUmberto ColomboEdward T. ConeW. Peter CookePatricia DerianClaus D. EhlermannLois EliotWyche Fowler, Jr.John Hope FranklinJan Glastra van LoonCharles W. Getchell, Jr.Elizabeth GloverJames C. GoodaleAllan E. GotliebRobert D. GraffJacques GroothaertHenry A. GrunwaldToyoo GyohtenCharles M. HaarR. Philip Hanes, Jr.Ulric Haynes, Jr.Ivan L. HeadDorothy I. HeightFran�ois HeisbourgStanley HoffmannFrederick L. Holborn

Michael HuffingtonHans IglerJohn Jay IselinYves-Andre IstelPeter JankowitschGeneva B. JohnsonOlivia Barclay JonesAnn D. JordanCarl KaysenKim Kyung-wonDouglas M. KnightMaurice LazarusPierre LedouxR. Martin LeesFranz J. LeibenfrostVolker LeichseringFlora LewisRoger LortWilliam H. LuersBruce K. MacLauryJohn D. MaguireBob G. MarbutLeonard H. MarksCharles M. Mathias, Jr.Jack MatlockManfred Meier-PreschanyMartin MeyersonEdward L. MorseJosephine A. MorseSteven MullerRaymond D. NasherMerlin E. NelsonHerbert Oberh�nsliYoshio OkawaraRonald L. OlsonHenry OwenA. Eduard PannenborgRoswell B. PerkinsMarilyn PerryWilliam R. PolkMaxwell M. RabbJohn E. ReinhardtWalter Roberts

Walt W. RostowJohn SailerIl SaKongMaria SchaumayerGabrielle SeefriedGiuseppe Maria SfligiottiStephen StamasArthur R. TaylorMonte C. ThrodahlArthur D. TrottenbergHelmut TuerkRen� VillarrealRocio Ramos de VillarrealRoger Windham WallaceJohn H. Watts, IIIRichard B. WebsterGeorge WeidenfeldGregory WendtKarl-Heinz WestarpHarold M. WilliamsErna Wodak Otto Wolff von AmerongenBarbara L. Zinsser

The Salzburg Seminarmourns the passing of thesemembers (past and present)of the Board of Directorsand Council of SeniorFellows:

Jack E. BrownRudolf Kirchschl�ger

Edward H. LeviRobert K. Mueller

Elliot L. RichardsonHans A. Wuttke

Shirley A. Massey, First Lady, MorehouseCollege; Atlanta, Georgia

Walter E. Massey, President, MorehouseCollege; Atlanta, Georgia

Dominique Mo�si, Deputy Director, institutfran�ais des relations internationales; andEditor in chief, Politique �trang�re; Paris

Bailey Morris-Eck, Senior Associate,Reuters Foundation, Reuters America, Inc.;Washington, DC

Peter Moser (ex-officio), Ambassador ofAustria to the United States; Washington, DC

Robert H. Mundheim, Shearman &Sterling; New York, New York

Eva Nowotny, Director General forEuropean Integration and Economic Affairs,Ministry of Foreign Affairs; and Former AustrianAmbassador to France and the Court of St.JamesÕs; Vienna

R. Spencer Oliver, Secretary General,Organization for Security and Co-operation inEurope Parliamentary Assembly; Copenhagen

Bernard Ostry, Owner, ImagiNationsUnlimited, Inc.; Toronto

Sylvia Ostry, Distinguished ResearchFellow, Centre for International Studies,University of Toronto; Toronto

Hisashi Owada, President and Director,Japan Institute of International Affairs; andFormer Ambassador, PermanentRepresentative of Japan to the United Nations;Tokyo

Irmtraud Richardson, Commentator andFeature Writer, German Public Radio;Washington, DC

John B. Richardson, Deputy Head ofDelegation, Delegation of the EuropeanCommission in Washington, European Union;Washington, DC

Randal C. Teague, Partner, Vorys, Sater,Seymour and Pease LLP; Washington, DC

Jan Urban, Former Publisher, TransitionsMagazine, Institute for Journalism in Transition;Prague

Melvyn I. Weiss, Senior Partner, MilbergWeiss Bershad Hynes & Lerach, LLP; NewYork, New York

Marina v.N. Whitman, Professor ofBusiness Administration and Public Policy,University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, Michigan

Robert Whitman, Professor Emeritus,Department of English, University of Pittsburgh;Ann Arbor, Michigan

Robert P. Youngman, President, Hovey,Youngman Associates, Inc.; New York, NewYork

Vitaly Zhurkin, Director, Institute of Europe,Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow

COUNCIL OF SENIOR FELLOWSThe Council of Senior Fellows was established in 1997, in the SeminarÕs 50th anniversary year, to honor former members of the Board of Directors.The Seminar is grateful for their exceptional service.

The SeminarÕs Board of Directors is activelyinvolved in planning the SeminarÕs academicprogram. Most members of the Board and theCouncil of Senior Fellows (at right) have beenon the Faculty of a Seminar session; somehave served multiple times.

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6January

Universities ProjectPlenary Convocation

January 23Ð27

ÒCivil society is a society whichvalues and encourages organizedpublic expression, a society whereissues can emerge, get discussed,and influence outcomes; a societywhich accepts debate, disagreement,compromise, and negotiation; asociety which enables participationand expression of different views; asociety which draws strength fromnetworks that enable this processÉ.

In tomorrowÕs world, forcessuch as increasing globalization,technological changes, growinginterdependence, and changingrelationshipsbetween thesectors aremore likely topush NGOstoward moreintersectoralalliances and

In a panel discussionmoderated by Usha Prashar(foreground, photo at right), Fellowsfrom Mexico, the Philippines, Uganda,and Yugoslavia explored the themeValues Base of Civil Society and TheirNGO Sectors. Former director of theNational Council for VoluntaryOrganizations in the United Kingdom,Ms. Prashar expressed these ideas:

Session 364The Independent Sector: Building on the Past and

Looking to the FutureFebruary 6Ð13

s1999 in Review

Non-Governmental Organizationsuring the last decade, the importance and number of non-governmental organizations

(NGOs) around the world have increased dramatically. They have become vital in the buildingand sustaining of democratic societies. During the same span of time, the Salzburg Seminar hasestablished itself as a leader in this field, having convened more than ten sessions relating tocivil society. In 1997, a special session on The Long-Term Sustainability of the Third Sector inEastern Europe and the NIS, at which Emil Constantinescu, the president of Romania, was thekeynote speaker, brought together fifty individuals from Central and East Europe and the NISfor a session proposed and developed by representatives from this region. A Decision-MakerÕsGuide to the Third Sector, a handbook published in eleven languages, was one outcome of thissession.

Designed to encapsulate the learning from the ten years of sessions the Salzburg Seminarhas conducted in partnership with the W.K. Kellogg Foundation in the area of the independentsector, Session 364 broke new ground as a core session in terms of its format. A significantnumber of the Fellows and Faculty had previously attended an NGO session and thereforecould draw upon their prior experience. During the course of the week, Session participantsexplored the myriad changes that have taken place within the independent sector over the lastdecade, considered the evolving relationships between the independent sector and the publicand private sectors, and tried to predict what some of the trends might be in this new century.

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7February

In an effort to capture better the learning from the Session, Faculty member Diana Arsenian,art director and senior consultant with The Grove Consultants International, depicted the livedialogue in a visual form, as is illustrated in the Global Trends Map, reproduced at left. Thisexperimental aspect of the Session proved to be highly effective in synthesizing ideas andfurthering the collaborative process among Fellows and Faculty.

REFLECTIONS FROM SALZBURG SEMINAR ALUMNI

During the course of the Session, more than 50 percent of the Fellows gavea formal presentation. In a panel presentation, Fellows who had previouslyattended a Salzburg Seminar NGO session were given the opportunity to sharehow their experience had influenced them professionally.

Cecilia Asogwa, founder and executive director of Development EducationCenter, the largest grassroots NGO in Nigeria devoted to womenÕs issues, and analumna of Session 351, reflected on her experience and how it has affected herwork with womenÕs advocacy groups:

ÒMy participation in the Salzburg Seminar opened up many avenues andenhanced my belief in the idea that NGOs can do a great deal in the building of acivil society, especially in the case of NigeriaÉ. The Seminar is a place for reflection,and for connection with those who have made it and those who are trying to makeitÉ. And it doesnÕt stop there. We continue to share experiences together.Ó

Argentinian Fellow Roberto Senderowitsch previously attended Session 360.A regional civil society consultant with the World Bank, Latin America andCaribbean Region, he shared these words about how his experience at theSalzburg Seminar has affected him:

ÒThe Salzburg Seminar challenged me to question my beliefs. It offers anopportunity to understand how other people think, through informal conversations

with people from diverse backgrounds in afriendly and honest atmosphereÉ. TheSeminar is a powerful, transformativeexperience. After attending Session 360, Ibecame part of an international network ofFellows. At least once a day I receive a coupleof messages through the Session listserv.Ó

“The first Salzburg Seminarsession devoted to NGOs, held in

1986, has been directlyresponsible for the introductionand establishment of NGOs in

Central and East Europe. Iinstantly became the nonprofitexpert in Hungary as a result ofmy two week experience at the

Seminar.”Mikl�s Marschall, Founding Executive

Director of CIVICUS: World Alliance forCitizen Participation; and Faculty,

Session 364

partnerships, and perhapseven toward taking onmore market-basedmodels for their work.

Against thisbackground, how canNGOs maintain theirvalues base and assertinto sectoral dialogues andpartnerships values forwhich they stand?Ó

Session 364The Independent Sector:

Building on the Past and Looking to the FutureFebruary 6Ð13

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8March

Session 365The Transatlantic Agenda at

the Turn of the CenturyMarch 20Ð27

AprilUniversities Project

SymposiumApril 10Ð14

American Studies CenterSalzburg SeminarÐSmithsonian Institution

Symposium on Public History and National Identity

April 17Ð22

"For a woman from adeveloping country,

interaction such as is foundat the Salzburg Seminar isnot usually possible. The

Seminar has enabled me tounderstand the transatlantic

partnership from a muchclearer and broader

perspective." Fellow, Session 365, Pakistan

In the Henry Brandon MemorialLecture on Contemporary EuropeanHistory, Eva Nowotny, ambassador ofAustria to the Court of St. James's,offered these ideas in her lectureentitled Are We Entering aTransatlantic Century?:

"It is difficult to find arational justification for the fears andmisconceptions on both sides of the

American move and reaction ascontemptuous of their achievementsand their interests, and fear that they

Atlantic, and the only explanationwhich comes to my mind is more anemotional than a rational one: that theAmericans have not overcome thebasic ambivalence of clamoring for astronger and more independentEuropean partner, willing and able toexert a role and an influence in globalleadership, and the fear of a seriousrival in their own global interests; andthat the Europeans tend to view every

Session 365The Transatlantic Agenda at the Turn of the Century

March 20Ð27

Eva Nowotny and Fellows Philip Budden, United Kingdom,and Paul Fenton, United States, discuss points from herlecture during a reception on the Schloss terrace.

s s s

International Affairsolitical, social, and economic dynamics are being redefined around the world by the

combined forces of globalization, democratization, technological change, privatization, andexpanding market capitalism. As the world enters the twenty-first century, the roles ofgovernment, business, and civil society are transforming and dramatically affecting the lives ofcitizens. The Salzburg Seminar has long been regarded as a leading forum for free and opendialogue on such issues of global concern. This standing is due in large part to its esteemedFaculty, whose diverse professional and geographic backgrounds, and illuminating lectures andguidance of the Fellows, contribute greatly to the shape of each session.

The Transatlantic Agenda at the Turn of the Century, which analyzed transatlantic relationsagainst the changing backdrop of the post-Cold War order, brought together a former UnitedStates secretary of state, a European Commission negotiator, Austria's ambassador to London,and the chief corporate economist for DaimlerChrysler. Costs and Benefits of the Free MarketSystem, which examined the unprecedented spread of free market values across the globe andsought to identify the costs and benefits of this phenomenon, convened the former prime ministerof the Czech Republic, a vice president of Nike, Inc., the formerpresident of the United Steelworkers of America, and the formerpresident and director general of Keidanren, Japan.

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9Session 367

Costs and Benefits ofthe Free Market System

May 9Ð16

Session 366Urban Youth

April 25ÐMay 2

SCUPAD CongressMay 21Ð24

Special SessionFreeman Foundation

East AsiaÐThe United States: A Searchfor Common Values

May 31ÐJune 6

are malevolently pushed back into theposition of a quantit� n�gligeable anda player of no great significance.

If it were so, it would be notonly wasteful, but also dangerous.The world economic and financialsituation is in dire need of strongleadership and of decisive andfarsighted action, as last year'sturmoilsÑthe Asian crisis, Russia,BrazilÑhave clearly demonstrated.And who could bring this leadershipand undertake the necessary action, ifnot the US and Europe, acting jointly

and as partners, sharing theirresponsibility as partners for globalleadership? So enough of Euro-bashing on the one side and deridingthe American lone ranger on theotherÑthe world economy and theinternational financial system aremuch too volatile and too risky topermit these petty games of distrustand the search for hidden mischief.

ÉThese differences mustnot be allowed to become a clash ofreligions, nor should they be exploitedin an aggressive or derogatory

Session 367Costs and Benefits of the Free Market System

May 9Ð16

V�clav Klaus, president of the Czech Parliament and former prime minister of theCzech Republic, expressed these words in his lecture entitled The Transition from aCommunist to a Market Economy:

"Transition is a processÑnot a single act. Transition is not one decision. It is a seriesof measures, changes, crossroads. It is a sequence of many distinct choices over time, on separate components of anoverall reform planÉ. Transition from communism or from shallow, weak markets is not done in a vacuumÑpolitically,socially, or culturallyÉ. It is not done by enlightened monarchs as in the eighteenth century. There are human interests,ambitions, dreams, prejudices, fears, and hopes that are part of the story. Simply, it is not a theoretical laboratoryexerciseÉ.

The real challenge today is how to reconcile the fragility and vulnerability of newly born democracies and marketeconomies with the innocent openness of some of those countries to the rest of the world, and, at the same time, with themerciless behavior of strong and powerful market players from the developed countries, in the globalized world economy."

Faculty memberMasaya Miyoshi,former presidentand directorgeneral ofKeidanren, co-leads a workinggroup discussionduring Session367 with V�clavKlaus.

fashion for the sake of politicalexpediency in a political game showgoing down well with homeaudiences. And we should, in the finalanalysis, be conscious and respectfulof the fact that what binds us togetheris stronger, more durable, and moreimportant than what separates us."

The Henry Brandon MemorialLecture was established in 1994 byMabel Brandon Cabot to honor thememory of award-winning journalistHenry Brandon, longtime friend andsupporter of the Salzburg Seminar.

"The Fellows and Facultywere intellectually activeand my interaction withthose brilliant minds wastremendously stimulating

to my thinking and myown work."

Joseph Ha, Vice President,Nike, Inc.; and Faculty,

Session 367

During Session 365, LawrenceEagleburger (right), former UnitedStates secretary of state, leads aworking group discussion on PoliticalIssues at the Turn of the Century.

s s s sMay

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10June

Session 368Scientific Development and

the Democratic ProcessJune 16Ð23

JulyUniversities Project

SymposiumJuly 2Ð7

“Discussion at the Seminar SpecialSession was very deep and detailed,

and the follow-up networkingamong participants is excellent. Ihave put into action within my

university program variousrecommendations from the

Symposium, such as incorporatingentrepreneurship into curriculum,

and fostering partnerships withindustry and the private sector.”

Aman Wirakartakusumah, Rector, BogorAgricultural University, Indonesia; and

Participant, Special Session

Alvaro Uma�a, professor andfounder of the Natural ResourcesManagement Program at the InstitutoCentroamericano de Administracionde Empresas (INCAE) in Costa Rica,shared these ideas in his lecturefocusing on Sustainable Development:Globalization and Its Consequences:

ÒWhen the history of thetwentieth century is finally written, oneof its saddest chapters will inevitably

deal with the tropical forests and themassive extinction going on thereÉ.The disappearance of forests, amongthem tropical ones, represents thelargest land-use change since Homosapiens evolvedÉ.

Given the drama faced bydeveloping countries, characterized bya vicious circle of poverty and rapidlyrising population, it is inevitable thatmost of the difficult battles will be

waged in the tropicsthemselvesÉ. It isnecessary to focus onthe challenges ofsustainable productionunder tropical conditionsso that people mayachieve acceptablelivelihoods withoutdestroying the resourcebaseÉ.

During a reception in theVenetian Room, AlvaroUma�a pauses withparticipants Amel Dirarfrom the Sudan (left) andNerie Sanz from Belize.

Special SessionSustainability, Education, and the

Management of Change in the TropicsAugust 22Ð27

s s

Partnership with EARTH Universitys the new millennium begins, tropical regions of the world face tremendous

challenges. Higher education will play a crucial role in international efforts to stop thedestruction of the tropical resource base and improve the quality of life for the regionsÕ people.Traditional educational programs, however, have not evolved quickly enough to preparegraduates to deal effectively with these complex problems.

Among the successes of the past decade in the tropics of Latin America has been thecreation of EARTH University in Costa Rica. Inspired by the need for agricultural practices thatconserve rather than destroy natural resources, EARTH is an institution that is uniquelyprepared to produce graduates able to become catalysts for important and lasting change.

In August 1999, the Salzburg Seminar, in partnership with EARTH University and with thecollaboration of Noragric (Center for International Environment and Development Studies atthe Agricultural University of Norway), launched a series of five special sessions entitledSustainability, Education, and the Management of Change in the Tropics. The SeminarÕs fifty-twoyear history of convening international educational seminars makes it an organizationideally suited to join with EARTH University to advance the discussion of thesustainable development of the tropics. The project involves five weeklong seminars tobe held around the world, the first of which took place in Salzburg in August 1999.The second will be held at EARTH University in August 2000. The third and fourthsessions will take place at as yet undetermined sites in Africa and Asia in 2002, andthe final session will be in Oslo, Norway, in 2003.

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Session 369The Challenges of an Aging Society: The

Intergenerational Contract(Postponed)

LAWSS SymposiumAugust 7Ð9

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There are a number of powerfulmyths that still hold widespreadacceptance among people living in thetropical world. Often these myths arethe basis for current behavior. Many ofthem are rooted in beliefs thatoriginated in earlier times whenpopulations were small compared totheir resource base. Others appearrooted in common sense, but aretragically false. Before one canembark on a constructive andanalytical discussion about how toimplement sustainable development

solutions in the tropics, it is necessaryto consider and debunk some of thesemyths. At the same time, it isnecessary to introduce a fewimportant facts about the significanceof the tropics and the extent of thelosses, the role the forests play, andhow to design Ôwin-winÕ or positivesum strategies to improvedevelopment opportunities whilepreserving the forests.

Traditionally, the debatesurrounding sustainable developmenthas been waged in abstract and

“Some of the areas of innovation that make EARTH’s learner-

centered curriculum unique include development of

entrepreneurial capabilities, teamwork and group problem-

solving, the importance of communication skills, vertical and

horizontal integration of the curriculum, fostering social

sensitivity and community development skills, and institutional

commitment to sustainable development irrevocably linked to

responsible stewardship of the planet’s natural resources.” Ndey-Isatou Njie, Chairperson, SSC Africa Panel on Sustainable

Development Policies and Practices, The Gambia; and Participant, Special Session

Through the use of a slide presentation,NASA Astronaut Franklin Chang-D�az

showed how the effect of human activityon the planet is seen clearly from space.

ideologically laden terms. Rather thancontinue on this course, which has notproven particularly useful, this effortseeks to focus on specific strategiesand solutions. There are numerousopportunities for positive sumsolutions. Our task is to find them.Ó

“The future of the forests is criticallylinked to the future of sustainable

agriculture. And the future ofsustainable agriculture is critically

linked to the future of education. AtEARTH University, we have a newmodel for transmitting these issues

that combines sustainability,community development, science, and

entrepreneurship. These four keyelements are the basis for adaptation

of this model to different parts of the world.” Alvaro Uma�a

ss s

EIGHT MYTHS ABOUTTROPICAL FORESTS

v Tropical forests are infinite.

v The forest is the enemy of thepeasant.

v Land is the only valuableresource.

v If the forest is so lush, the soilmust be good for agriculture.

v Sustaining the environment is aluxury that only the rich canafford.

v Sustainable development iscomplex and costly.

v Sustainable development isdependent on foreign aid.

v Sustainable development isdependent on either northernÒcleanÓ technology or solely onindigenous knowledge.

Session 370 Personal Responsibility

of JudgesJuly 31ÐAugust 7

s Special SessionSustainability, Education, and the

Management of Change in the TropicsAugust 22Ð27

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12September

Session 371The Arts, Religion, and the

Shaping of CultureSeptember 4Ð11

Special SessionHRH The Prince of WalesÕsEuropean Business and the

Environment ProgrammeSeptember 19Ð23

In his lecture entitled A CaseStudy of Religious Music and Dancein Ghana, J. H. Kwabena Nketia,director of the International Center forAfrican Music and Dance in Ghana,and professor emeritus at theUniversity of Ghana, Accra, sharedthese words:

ÒThe shaping of culture can beviewed from two complementaryangles. First, it can be viewed fromthe perspective of traditional societiesin Ghana, that is, societies in whichlinkages established on the basis of

ethnicity, kinship and other systems ofaffiliation, language, and religion formthe basis of social and cultural life.Here one would take into account thereciprocal relations that indigenousreligious beliefs, systems of thought,and customary practices establishbetween social and politicalinstitutions on the one hand andcreative expressions on the other.

Second, it can be viewed fromthe perspective of contemporarysociety in Ghana, that is, society inwhich linkages beyond ethnicity form

the basis of social and cultural life,linkages established by membershipin new religions such as Christianityand Islam, educational institutions,trade unions, professionalassociations, new forms of voluntaryassociations, and so on. Here onewould consider ongoing processes ofchange that create tensions betweentradition and modernity as Christianchurches in Ghana confront thechallenge of cultural identity and astraditional religion and relatedinstitutions, festivals, and ceremonies

“I never doubted that there areexceptional scholars and artists all over

the world, but I didn’t know I would havethe chance to meet so many of them at the

Salzburg Seminar. The scholarlyexperience so generously shared, the

variety and vividness of the discussions,the opportunity to take part in many

artistic events, and the chance to meetsuch brilliant, sensitive people—will

remain unforgettable.” Fellow, Session 371, Romania

Session 371The Arts, Religion, and the Shaping

of CultureSeptember 4Ð11

s s

The Artsn the increasingly fast-paced and technological world, the arts are more important than

ever in terms of helping individuals to understand the depth and diversity of cultural expressionand of providing a shared language that speaks to human nature in a fundamental way.

The arts have been integral to the Salzburg Seminar since its inception in 1947; indeed, theSeminarÕs home, Schloss Leopoldskron, was lovingly restored in the early twentieth century byMax Reinhardt, the renowned theater director and co-founder of the Salzburg Festival. Earlysessions focused on American literature, music, and theater; as the Seminar has expanded itsgeographic reach, the arts sessions have diversified as well, and have established the Seminar asan innovative forum for the probing exploration of various art forms and their culturalimplications.

Each year, the Seminar holds an arts session. At The Arts, Religion, and the Shaping ofCulture, seventy participants gathered to consider the relationship between religion and the arts,and their impact on culture at the end of the twentieth century. In addition, throughout the year,the Seminar hosts and sponsors art exhibits, readings, concerts, and other events, which in 1999included the symposium The Future of European Thinking in a Globalized World.

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founded on indigenous belief systemsand practices find ways of buildingbridges between the old and the new,indigenous and foreign.Ó

Fellow Shrivatsa Goswami from India andFaculty member Alberta Arthurs, former

director of Arts and Humanities at theRockefeller Foundation, continue the

discussion following her lecture in Parker Hall.

Sam-Ang Sam, professor of Ethnomusicology atthe Royal University of Fine Arts in Cambodia, presentedthese ideas in his lecture entitled Religion and the Arts inKhmer Life: A Question of Continuity and Challenge:

ÒIn Cambodia, there is a slogan: ÔReligion and thearts reflect the society.Õ If this is true, Khmer religion andthe arts are precisely the mirror reflecting the Khmersociety. They are the foundation of culture. Angkor hasbeen the proud national symbol for the Khmer acrossracial and political tendencies, be it mainstream or ethnic,communist, socialist, republican, or monarchy. It hasappeared on every flag of every regime in Cambodiaflying and waving proudly in CambodiaÕs sky. Besides theAngkor Vatt Temple, Khmer court dance is nationally andracially perceived to be the symbol of the Khmer nationalpride and identity.

Khmer politics cannot bring every party to thetable, but the arts can, as they provide a commonlanguage in a complex national culture. And on the moreabstract level, they are a proven strategy for healing,reconciliation, prevention, and empowerment. The artsare integrating, not confronting. They represent andsymbolize a common heritage, unity, and nationalityÉ.

As we are approaching the newmillennium, in the context of thecomputer age and technology, a newchapter will be written on religion andthe arts, and the shaping of Khmerculture. It will be an interestingchallenge for the traditional culture vis-�-vis the cultural identity and culturalcontinuity. In my opinion, it is the responsibility of anypresent and future generations to keep alive the cultureof their forebears. Progress and evolution begin bylooking back and studying the traditions, andunderstanding them. Being traditional is not backward,and being modern is notnecessarily advanced. Tobe current, we do not haveto break away from tradition,but to find a contemporaryway to express itÉ.

Whatever path wemight choose to take, wewant to be sure that we giveto our body a soulÑa vitalspirit.Ó

“If it is true that we are lookingbeyond economics and beyond

politics, if we are increasingly insearch of something inspiring toguide us in the quest for better

human conditions, it is also truethat art and religion are the two

dominant domains of theimagination, the inspiration, the

faith, or the spirit that we arelooking for.”

Alberta Arthurs, Former Director of Artsand Humanities, Rockefeller

Foundation, New York; and Faculty,Session 371

During the 1999 Salzburg Festival, theSalzburg Seminar co-sponsored, alongwith the Austrian Foreign Ministry andBildungshaus St. Virgil, the symposiumThe Future of European Thinking in aGlobalized World. It was conceived basedon the perception of a need for moreopportunities to discuss the culturalcomponent of European integration.

Moly Sam, along with the musical accompanimentof her husband Sam-Ang Sam, performs a

traditional Cambodian dance in the Great Hall.

The paintings of MichaelMaislinger were featuredin the fall of 1999 in aSalzburg Seminar artexhibit, one of three suchexhibits held each year.Born in Salzburg, Mr.Maislinger has exhibitedwidely in Austria andabroad.

American Studies CenterInformation Technology

and the Future ofEducation

September 25ÐOctober 2

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“Globalization is an uncontrollable factof life. This new borderless world is oneof turbulent change that will provideopportunities for some universities and

threats to others. The UniversitiesProject provides a singular opportunityfor leaders from East and West Europeand North America to step back and

reflect on this turbulent environment.”Madeleine Green, Vice President of theAmerican Council on Education; and

Universities Project Advisory Committee andVisiting Advisor

OctoberUniversities Project

SymposiumOctober 2Ð6

NovemberSession 372

Race and Ethnicity: Social Changethrough Public Awareness

October 9Ð16

Universities ProjectSymposiumOctober 2Ð6

The October Symposiumbrought together forty-two senioruniversity administrators, fromeighteen different countries of Westand East Europe and the UnitedStates, for an exploration of the impli-cations of the process of globalizationfor higher education institutions.

In a panel addressingGlobalization and the Academic

Disciplines, Martin Potucek, director ofthe Institute of Sociological Sciences atCharles University in Prague, CzechRepublic, expressed these ideas:

ÒTo understand better globalissues, we should not rely oncapacities of single disciplines; indeedthey are often unable even torecognize problemsÉ. We shouldstimulate an equal dialogue among therepresentatives of various disciplinesfrom various professional and socialbackgrounds. This equality of access

to suchdialogue is crucial. Furthermore, wedesperately need innovative, holisticapproaches able to process the bulk ofpartial information, to select relevantpieces of it, and to offer scientificallylegitimate explanations of the world inwhich we live.Ó

Universities ProjectSymposium

November 18Ð23

At the November Symposium,discussion built upon themes raised at

s s

GUniversities Projectlobalization has many faces. To some, it stands for uncontrollable, even subversive,

economic forces and the threat of cultural homogenization; to others, it represents freedom andempowerment by virtue of almost unlimited flows of information,products, and people. But whatever oneÕs view may be, there is littledoubt that globalization is a pervasive phenomenon that penetrates thelives of nation-states, companies, institutions, and individuals alike.

The Salzburg Seminar, by its history and its mission, has come toconsider itself an agent for engendering globalization in that it promotesthe cross-cultural exchange of knowledge and experience. In this light,the Seminar chose as the focus for the 1999 series of Universities ProjectSymposia Globalization and the University in an effort to explore,through the prism of the ProjectÕs established five themes, theimplications of the globalization process for participating institutions.

The Seminar is grateful to the William and Flora HewlettFoundation, the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, and the Austrian FederalMinistry of Science and Transport, which have generously funded theUniversities Project.

The Universities Projectfocuses on the following

themes: vUniversity Administration and

Financev Academic Structure and

Governance within theUniversity

vMeeting the StudentsÕ Needs,and the Role of Students inInstitutional Affairs

v Technology and HigherEducation

v The University and Civil Society

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Universities ProjectSymposium

November 18Ð23

an intensive program of plenarysessions and working groups.

L�szl� Freny�, president of theHigher Education Research Council inBudapest, Hungary, and member ofthe Universities Project AdvisoryCommittee, shared his views on TheCentral European Perspective:

the January, April, and Octobersymposia, but with a new emphasis.Rather than focus on issues ofimmediate concern to presentuniversity leadership, the Symposiumlooked at the implications of currenttrends for the future of highereducation. Reflecting the newemphasis, and marking a newdirection for the Project,Faculty led the forty-sixFellowsÑchosen from theranks of the next generationof university leadersÑthrough

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THE VISITING ADVISORS PROGRAM

In the fall of 1998, the Salzburg Seminar launched the Visiting Advisors Program (VAP) in order to apply, on the level of individual institutions, the conceptsdiscussed at Universities Project symposia. Designed to enhance institutional and personal relationships begun in Salzburg, the VAP consists of consulting visits byeducators from North America and West and Central Europe who volunteer their time and expertise to assist colleagues and institutions in the process ofinstitutional self-assessment and change. The teams spend approximately four days advising and supporting university leadership in developing new approaches toconcerns expressed by the requesting institution. Individual team members also encourage professional connections and foster institutional linkages. Since theannouncement of the VAP, nearly 100 Universities Project participants have volunteered their services to travel to host institutions to advise on matters of highereducation reform. By the end of 1999, thirteen consulting visits had taken place in Central and East Europe and Russia.

A visit to Novosibirsk, Russia, in October 1999 was illustrative of how universities in the region are using the VAP to make global connections. NovosibirskState Technical University (NSTU) invited a team consisting of colleagues from East and West Europe and the United States to examine a process currentlyunderway to develop an institutional capacity for self-evaluation of academic quality. Anatoly Vostrikov, rector of NSTU, described the visit and its outcome in this way:

ÒThe work with the independent experts of the Salzburg Seminar made it possible for us to evaluate better the position that NSTU occupies in the contextof international tendencies in higher education and to correlate our own view of the problems of evaluation of educational quality with the points of view that havetaken shape elsewhere in the worldÉ.

Although only two months have passed since the visit, we have already published, as a direct result of that visit, a report on educational quality andpresented it to the Ministry of Education. The report has been recognized as the best among many others, and will be sent to all Russian institutions of highereducation as a model for annual reports on educational quality.Ó

Transition within a Transition in apanel presentation:

ÒGlobalization has manyimplications, even for the latecomerssuch as in Central and East Europe(CEE). One impact will be on thetraditional binary system with nointerface between the college and

university systems. The newcompetitorsÑfor-profit, virtual,corporate, transnational,etc.Ñwill force this system tochange. We must reshape our

mentality to place first those whom weserveÑstudents, their parents whopay the bills, and, more broadly, thetaxpayers and the state that fundhigher education in CEE. This changerequires a cadre of professionalmanagers, rather than a deeplyconservative academic collegiumresistant to change and withoutmanagement skills. Universities thatare able to embrace these changesrather than resist them will be thesuccessful institutions of the future.Ó

Peter Magrath, president of the National Association of State Universities andLand-Grant Colleges, USA; L�szl� Freny�; and Daniel Matuszewski, presidentof the International Research and Exchanges Board (left to right).

15

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16Session 373

China and the Global CommunityDecember 4Ð11

Wang Jisi, senior researcherand director of the Institute ofAmerican Studies at the ChineseAcademy of Social Sciences, andpresident of the Chinese Associationfor American Studies, expressed thisview in his lecture entitled ChinaÕsRelations with the United States: Pastand Present:

ÒChinaÐUS relations today arecharacterized by four phenomena.First, each side is more realistic anddisillusioned about the other side, andboth sides cast few illusions abouttheir future relationship. On the

The mutual disillusionmentmakes it inevitable that the futurerelationship will be marked by bitterpolitical quarrels, back-and-forthaccusations, and negative mutualimages. Meanwhile, both sides alsorealize more clearly their commoninterests, including the commonpreference to seek a peaceful solutionto the Taiwan issue. A head-onconfrontation would be too costly toboth sides to consider.

The second phenomenon is thatdomestic factors will be even more

Chinese side, there is the realizationthat the differences in politicalsystems, ideology, and culture posean insurmountable obstacle. Peopleare convinced that the Americans willnever welcome the rise of China, andnever stop their activities in meddlingwith Chinese internal problems,including Taiwan. On the Americanside, a comparable realization isevident that the Chinese Communistleadership will persist, and that Chinawill not change its anti-hegemonistposition aimed at reducing Americanglobal and regional influences.

Session 373China and the Global Community

December 4Ð11

s

The Seminar in Asias the SeminarÕs final session of the year, indeed of the century, China and the Global

Community was a fitting occasion by which to celebrate the very goals that the Seminar strivesto achieve, and to look toward its future. Just as the Salzburg Seminar promoted dialogue andunderstanding in war-torn Europe fifty years ago, the Seminar views increased dialogue withAsia on challenging issues as a priority for the twenty-first century.

Since launching its Asian Initiative in 1993, more than 350 East and Southeast Asians haveparticipated as Fellows or Faculty in Seminar sessions; prominent individuals from Hong Kong,Japan, Korea, and Singapore have served on the SeminarÕs Board of Directors; and alumniassociations in Japan, Korea, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Viet Nam have joinedthe SeminarÕs growing network.

Closely following the celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the PeopleÕs Republic of China,and the United StatesÐChina WTO discussions, Session 373 brought together fifty-nine Fellows,including eleven from China, to consider ChinaÕs domestic affairs and its emerging relationshipwith neighboring countries and other global powers. Guided by Chinese and American co-chairs,Fellows shared views and forged relationships that will assist this next generation of leaders inconfronting the challenges yet to come. "I have attended many symposia

on China related topics, but thepresentations and discussions at

Salzburg challenged bothemotionally and intellectually

many of the beliefs I firmly heldpreviously…. The network of

alumni will become a new sourceof ideas and support that I can rely

on in the future." Lan Xue, Vice President, DevelopmentResearch Academy for the Twenty-FirstCentury, and Associate Dean, School of

Public Affairs, Tsinghua University, China;and Fellow, Session 373

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politicsÕ issues like arms control,Taiwan, and human rightsÉ.

The fourth phenomenon, whichmay partly explain the third, is thecontrast between the high politicaltemperature inflamed by publicstatements and the workingatmosphere sustained by practicalconsiderations in both governments.In the past few years, workingrelationships between various levelsof the two governments and the so-called ÔTrack IIÕ dialogues betweenpolicy analysts from the two countrieshave effectively tackled difficult

The third phenomenon is asharp contrast and incompatibilitybetween Ôlow politicsÕ issues and ÔhighpoliticsÕ issues. Such Ôlow politicsÕissues as trade, investment,technological transfer, environmentissues, and educational exchangesrequire closer linkages andcooperation. They serve as cushionsagainst disastrous disruption.However, broadened personalcontacts and more extensiveengagement between the twosocieties in Ôlow politicsÕ areas do notnecessarily result in deeper mutualunderstanding and trust in Ôhigh

assertive in the bilateral relationship.The United States Congress, themedia, trade protectionists, themilitary-industrial complex, humanrights activists, the religious right, andother interest groups will use the Chinaissue for their own purposes. TheClinton administration, and perhaps thenext administration in Washington, willoften be held hostage to domesticpressures in policymaking regardingChinaÉ.

Freeman Fellowship ProgramA generous grant from the Freeman Foundation has

enabled the Seminar to establish strong relationships witheighteen partnership universities in eleven East and SoutheastAsian countries. Among the most prestigious institutions of highereducation in Asia, these universities nominate, from among theirfaculty, rising leaders to attend Salzburg Seminar sessions. In1999, forty-one individuals were nominated.

In addition, a series of three special sessions, thesecond of which was held in 1999, focuses on shared culturalvalues. Entitled East AsiaÐThe United States: A Search forCommon Values, these symposia bring together an equalnumber of Freeman Fellows and Seminar alumni fromselected American universities to build on the relationshipsand ideas begun during their initial Salzburg Seminarexperience and to encourage ongoing ties between them.

I was impressed by theimportance the SalzburgSeminar has attached tofree discussion…. I was

also pleased to get to knowa lot of friends and look

forward to keeping in touchwith them to promote ourmutual understanding.” Yang Chengxu, President,

China Institute of InternationalStudies, and Former ChineseAmbassador to Austria; and

Co-Chair, Session 373

problems. In this sense, the frequentexchange of barrages, sensationallypublicized by the media, could besomewhat confusing and misleading.

I would like to conclude withcautious optimism about the future ofChinaÐUS relations. Chairman MaoZedong had the famous saying thatÔthe future is bright, and the road istortuous.Õ But I donÕt think this appliesto ChinaÐUS relations. The road iscertainly tortuous, but the future is notbright. What we should and could dois not to let the tortuous road lead to adangerous abyss.Ó

17In her working group discussion, Fellow AbhinyaRathanamongkolmas from Thailand addressesthe theme China and Its Asian Neighbors.

Co-Chairs of Session 373, Harry Harding,dean of the Elliott School of InternationalAffairs at George Washington University(right), and Yang Chengxu, president ofthe China Institute of InternationalStudies and former Chinese ambassadorto Austria (center).

Houghton Freeman, presidentof the Freeman Foundation,and his wife Doreen enjoytalking with a group of FreemanFellows during a coffee breakat Session 373.

Gloria R. Smith, VicePresident for Programs,W.K. Kellogg Foundation,Battle Creek, Michigan

W. Donald Weston, ViceChancellor, Health Services,University System of WestVirginia, Charleston

Erio Ziglio, Regional Advisor,Health Promotion and Investment forHealth, World Health Organization,Copenhagen

UNIVERSITIES PROJECTSYMPOSIUM

April 15Ð20

SESSION 377Who Will Control the FoodSystem?May 5Ð12

Faculty

Sandra Batie (Co-Chair), Elton R.Smith Professor in Food andAgricultural Policy, Department ofAgricultural Economics, MichiganState University, East Lansing

Kimseyinga Savadogo (Co-Chair), Dean, School of Economics,University of Ouagadougou, BurkinaFaso

Walden Bello, Co-Director, Focuson Global South, ChulalongkornUniversity, Bangkok

Simeon Ehui, Coordinator,International Livestock ResearchInstitute, Livestock Policy AnalysisProject, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Manuela Gut-Rella, ResponsibleFood Chain Project, Basel,Switzerland

Richard Harwood, C. S. MottFoundation Chair of SustainableAgriculture, Crop and Soil SciencesDepartment, Michigan StateUniversity, East Lansing

"The quality of the lectureswas exceptional and even

more so was the possibility oftalking with Faculty

members at any time and ina very relaxed way about

complex issues" Fellow, Spain

18

UNIVERSITIES PROJECTSYMPOSIUM

February 2Ð6

SESSION 374Shakespeare Around the GlobeFebruary 23ÐMarch 1

Faculty

Robert Whitman (Chair),Professor Emeritus, Department ofEnglish, University of Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania

Richard Eyre (Guest Lecturer),Former Director, Royal NationalTheatre, London

Ahmet Evin, Dean of Arts andSocial Sciences, Sabanci University,Istanbul

Tuomas Forsberg, Director,Finnish Institute of InternationalAffairs, Helsinki

Klaus Gretschmann, ChiefEconomic Advisor to GermanChancellor Schroeder, Berlin

Ivan Krastev, Director, Centre forLiberal Strategies, Sofia, Bulgaria

Eva Nowotny (Guest Lecturer),Director General for EuropeanIntegration and Economic Affairs,Austrian Foreign Ministry, Vienna

Michel Petite, Member of theCabinet of the President, EuropeanCommission, Brussels

Nikolai Schmeliev, Director,Institute of Europe, RussianAcademy of Sciences, Moscow

SESSION 376The Social and EconomicDeterminantsof the Public's HealthApril 5Ð12

Faculty

Ronald David (Co-Chair), ChiefMedical Officer, Public BenefitCorporation, Washington, DC

Mary Hlalele (Co-Chair), ProgramDirector, Health, Africa Region, W.K.Kellogg Foundation, Belgravia,Zimbabwe

Camara Phyllis Jones,Department of Health and SocialBehavior, Department ofEpidemiology, Harvard School ofPublic Health, Cambridge,Massachusetts

Edna Roland, President, FALAPRETA, Sao Paulo

Faith Smith, President, NAESCollege, Chicago

Jules Pretty, Director, Centre forEnvironment and Society, Universityof Essex, Colchester, UnitedKingdom

SPECIAL SESSIONFreeman FoundationSymposium on East Asia-The United States: ASearch for Common Values June 1Ð6

SESSION 378The Entrepreneurial CityJune 13Ð20

Faculty

Robert R. Kiley (Chair), Presidentand Chief Executive Officer, NewYork City Partnership and Chamberof Commerce, New York

Katalin Pallai, Counsellor to theMayor of Budapest

Carole Rakodi, Professor of Cityand Regional Planning, CardiffUniversity; Convenor, Urban PolicyStudy Group, Development StudiesAssociation, Wales

Jaime Ravinet de la Fuente,Mayor, City of Santiago

Saskia Sassen, Professor ofSociology, University of Chicago;Centennial Visiting Professor,London School of Economics

Kurt L. Schmoke, Former Mayor,City of Baltimore, Maryland

Zhang Yunling, Professor;Director, Institute of Asia-PacificStudies, Chinese Academy of SocialSciences, Beijing

Dennis Kennedy, Samuel BeckettProfessor of Drama, Trinity College,Dublin

Welcome Msomi, Chairman andChief Executive Officer, Naledi YaAfrika, Pretoria

Blake Robison, ProducingDirector, National ShakespeareCompany, New York

Shen Lin, Director, Institute forStudies in Theater Art, The CentralAcademy of Drama, Beijing

Zdenek Stribrny (ResourcePerson), Professor Emeritus,Department of English and AmericanStudies; Director of GraduateStudies, Charles University, Prague

Habib Tanvir, Director, NayaTheatre Company, Bhopal, India

AMERICAN STUDIES WORKSHOPAmerican Drama: Text andPerformanceMarch 11Ð18

SESSION 375European Paradox:Integration andDisintegrationMarch 22Ð29

Faculty

Loukas Tsoukalis (Co-Chair),Eleftherios Venizelos Chair inContemporary Greek Studies,European Institute of the LondonSchool of Economics and PoliticalScience; Professor, University ofAthens

Helen Wallace (Co-Chair),Director, Sussex European Institute,University of Sussex, UnitedKingdom

Peter Corterier, Former SecretaryGeneral, North Atlantic Assembly;Former State Secretary, GermanMinistry of Defense, Karlsruhe

2000 Academic Program

19

SESSION 379/UNIVERSITIESPROJECTAlternate Systems andStructures for HigherEducation: Public Needsand Institutional Responsefor the 21st CenturyJuly 1Ð8

Faculty

Dennis O'Brien (Co-Chair),President Emeritus, University ofRochester, New York

Jairam Reddy (Co-Chair), FormerVice-Chancellor, University ofDurban-Westville; Former Chair,National Commission on HigherEducation, South Africa

Joseph Duffey, Former President,University of Massachusetts andAmerican University; Senior VicePresident and Chairman,International Universities Initiative,Sylvan Learning Systems, Baltimore,Maryland

David Gardner, PresidentEmeritus, University of California;President Emeritus, University ofUtah

Andrew Gonzalez, Secretary,Department of Education, Culture,and Sports, Manila

Luis Riveros, Rector, University ofChile, Santiago

Akilagpa Sawyerr, Director ofResearch, African Association ofUniversities, Accra; Professor of Law,and Former Vice-Chancellor,University of Ghana

Ludmilla Verbitskaya, Rector, St.Petersburg State University

Wang Sheng-hong, President,Fudan University, Shanghai

SESSION 380Biotechnology: PolicyIssues and RegulatoryFrameworksJuly 12Ð19

Faculty

Michael Morgan (Chair), ChiefExecutive, The Wellcome TrustGenome Campus at Hinxton,Cambridge, United Kingdom

Alan Colman, Director of Research,PPL Therapeutics, Edinburgh,Scotland

Michael Kirby, Justice, High Courtof Australia; Member, InternationalBioethics Committee of UNESCO;Member, Ethics Committee, HumanGenome Organisation, London

Kim Nasmyth, Director, Institute forMolecular Pathology, Vienna

Pauline Newman, Federal Judge,United States Court of Appeals,Washington, DC

James D. Watson, President, ColdSpring Harbor Laboratory, ColdSpring Harbor, New York

Huanming Yang, Director, HumanGenome Center, Institute ofGenetics, Chinese Academy ofSciences, Beijing

SESSION 381Transnational Perspectiveson Intellectual Propertyand Communications LawAugust 2Ð9

Faculty

Zoe Baird (Co-Chair), President,Markle Foundation, New York

Lloyd N. Cutler (Co-Chair), SeniorCounsel, Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering;Former Counsel to United StatesPresidents Carter and Clinton,Washington, DC

Joel Klein, Assistant AttorneyGeneral, Antitrust Division, UnitedStates Department of Justice,Washington, DC

Sherry Liu, Senior InternationalCounsel, and Director, Asia PacificLaw Department, Motorola AsiaPacific Ltd., Motorola (China)Electronics, Beijing

Anuradha Vittachi, Director,OneWorld International Foundation,Chinnor, Oxon, England

AMERICAN STUDIES WORKSHOPPolitical Leadership andMedia Democracy October 21Ð28

UNIVERSITIES PROJECTSYMPOSIUM

November 25Ð30

SESSION 384Asian Economies:Regional andGlobalRelationshipsDecember 2Ð9

Faculty

Ronnie C. Chan (Co-Chair), Chairman, HangLung Development Company, Ltd.,Hong Kong

Frank G. Wisner (Co-Chair), ViceChairman, External Affairs, AmericanInternational Group, New York

Isher Judge Ahluwalia, Directorand Chief Executive, Indian Councilfor Research on InternationalEconomic Relations, New Delhi

W. Bowman Cutter, ManagingDirector, E. M. Warburg, Pincus &Co., LLC, New York

Rauf Diwan, Managing Director,Emerging Markets Partnership,Singapore

Takatoshi Kato, Advisor to thePresident, Tokyo-Mitsubishi Bank;Former Vice Minister of Finance forInternational Affairs, Tokyo

Kwak Sang-Kyung, Professor ofEconomics and Dean, GraduateSchool of International Studies,Korea University; Former Member,Federal Reserve Board, Seoul

Justin Yifu Lin, Director, ChinaCenter for Economic Research,Peking University, Beijing

Songwriter and Recording Artist,Kapaa, Hawaii

Hank Sanders, Member, AlabamaState Senate; Co-Founder, 21stCentury Youth LeadershipMovement, Selma

SPECIAL SESSIONHRH The Prince of Wales'sEuropean Business and theEnvironment ProgrammeSeptember 17Ð23

UNIVERSITIES PROJECTSYMPOSIUM

September 23Ð27

SESSION 383Mass Media in the Age ofGlobalizationOctober 11Ð18

Faculty

George Krimsky (Co-Chair),President, International MediaServices, Washington, DC

Francis Pisani (Co-Chair),Technology Correspondent, El Pa�s,Le Monde, Reforma, and Spider;Lecturer, University of California,Berkeley, and UniversidadIberoamericana, Mexico

Jim Amoss, Editor, The Times-Picayune, New Orleans, Louisiana

Denise Caruso, Principal,Technology and Media Group;Columnist, The New York Times,San Francisco, California

Peter da Costa, RegionalCommunications Advisor, UnitedNations Economic Commission forAfrica, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Kevin Klose, President and ChiefExecutive Officer, National PublicRadio, Washington, DC

Lizeka Noxolo Mda, ExecutiveEditor, The Star, Johannesburg

Dusan Reljic, Head of Department,Media and Democracy Program, TheEuropean Institute for the Media,D�sseldorf, Germany

Viktor Mayer-Sch�nberger,Assistant Professor of Public Policy,John F. Kennedy School ofGovernment, Harvard University,Cambridge, Massachusetts

Marc Pearl, General Counsel andSenior Vice President, GovernmentAffairs, Information TechnologyAssociation of America, Arlington,Virginia

David Perkins, Chairman,Intellectual Property Department,Clifford Chance, London

Andrew Shapiro, Senior Advisor,The Markle Foundation, New York

George Vradenburg, Senior VicePresident for Global and StrategicPolicy, America Online Inc.,Washington, DC

SPECIAL SESSIONSymposium onSustainability, Education,and the Management ofChange in the Tropics(Costa Rica)August 5Ð12

SESSION 382Youth and CivicParticipation: Models forEngagementSeptember 6Ð13

Faculty

Joyce Ladner (Chair), SeniorFellow, Governmental Studies, TheBrookings Institution; Professor ofSociology, Howard University Schoolof Social Work, Washington, DC

Alicja Derkowska, Co-Founderand President, Education Society forMalopolska; Consultant for CivicEducation Programs in EasternEurope and the NIS, Nowy Sacz,Poland

Alison Byrne Fields, CampaignDirector, Rock the Vote, LosAngeles, California

Buffy Sainte-Marie, Founder, TheCradleboard Teaching Project;

20

"The Salzburg Seminar is a realforum for dialogue amongnations and regions that

normally would notcommunicate with one anotheror be part of the same network,

but in the incomparableatmosphere of Salzburg, peopleopen up. They review previous

assumptions and prejudices, andshare ideas freely."

Fellow, Hungary

Afghanistan 1* Albania 24

Algeria 23Angola 2

* Argentina 82* Armenia 23

Australia 62* Austria 753

Azerbaijan 12Bahamas 1Bahrain 15Bangladesh 26Barbados 1

* Belarus 29

* Belgium 336Belize 1Benin 2Bhutan 1Bolivia 4Bosnia and

Herzegovina 30Botswana 9

* Brazil 70Bulgaria 242Burundi 2Cambodia 2Cameroon 7Canada 82

* Chile 30China 105Colombia 19

Congo, DemocraticRepublic of the 2

Costa Rica 18* Croatia 248

Cuba 3Cyprus 35

* Czech Republic 294Denmark 385Dominica 1Dominican Republic 8

* Ecuador 15* Egypt 364

Eritrea 1Estonia 80Ethiopia 18Fiji 1

* Finland 420* France 815

Gambia 1* Georgia 51* Germany 1,961* Ghana 37* Greece 214

Guatemala 7Haiti 2Honduras 3

* Hungary 308Iceland 11

* India 256Indonesia 26Iran 16Iraq 1

* Ireland 281* Israel 420* Italy 1,309

Ivory Coast 3

All Fellows, Faculty, and other participants in Salzburg Seminar academicprograms become part of the SeminarÕs global network, now numbering more than 20,000individuals from 150 countries and regions. Supported by electronic communication, theSeminar serves as a locus of information and connection among its alumni, therebyextending the Salzburg experience throughout their professional lives. The SalzburgSeminar is in the process of developing better ways to use technologyÑincluding exploringvarious Internet-based technologies, incorporating enhanced web features on its website,and facilitating activity on discussion boardsÑ to promote improved communication amongits expanding network of participants.

Global Network

21

Jamaica 6* Japan 102* Jordan 148

Kazakhstan 27* Kenya 34* Korea, Republic of 41

Kuwait 7Kyrgyzstan 24

* Latvia 62Lebanon 36Lesotho 6Liberia 5Lithuania 60

* Luxembourg 33* Macedonia, FYR 70

Madagascar 1Malawi 1Malaysia 28Mali 2

* Malta 107* Mauritania 6

Mauritius 3* Mexico 68

Moldova, Republic of 13Mongolia 9Morocco 39Mozambique 1Myanmar 1

Namibia 2Nepal 9

* Netherlands 945New Zealand 8Nicaragua 4

* Nigeria 101* Norway 445

Oman 10* Pakistan 83

Palestinian Authority 71Panama 4

* Peru 17* Philippines 39* Poland 621* Portugal 177

Qatar 3* Romania 311* Russian Federation 315

Rwanda 3Saudi Arabia 28Senegal 13Sierra Leone 4

* Singapore 29* Slovakia 90* Slovenia 159

Somalia 2* South Africa 158* Spain 421

Sri Lanka 28St. Vincent and the

Grenadines 1

Sudan 34Suriname 1Swaziland 4

* Sweden 571* Switzerland 376

Syrian Arab Republic 11Taiwan 21

* Tajikistan 44Tanzania, United

Republic of 14* Thailand 51

Trinidad and Tobago 12* Tunisia 59

Turkey 382Turkmenistan 6

* Uganda 21* Ukraine 97

United Arab Emirates 8* United Kingdom 1,585* United States 2,957

Uruguay 7* Uzbekistan 23

Venezuela 7* Viet Nam 29

Yemen 8Yugoslavia 246Zambia 5Zimbabwe 40

21,271

"The SalzburgSeminar fosters inquiryand solutions to issuesof common concern….

My world view hasbeen broadened into a

new landscape." Fellow, China

* Indicates that an alumni organization exists in this region or country. Details maybe found on the SeminarÕs website at www.salzburgseminar.org/alumni.cfm.

LISTSERVS

Beginning in 1999, all participants in Salzburg Seminaracademic programs leave Salzburg with the opportunity to maintaincontact via a listserv with the other participants from their particularsession. Thus far, more than forty listservs have been established;they are active forums not only for continuing conversations begunin Salzburg, but also for collaborating on projects and publications,and for providing members with information about possible jobs,conferences, and other networking possibilities. As in Salzburg,individuals are able to discuss issues in freedom, and although noteveryone may agree, all members are tolerant of others' differences.

The American Studies Center Workshop in October 1999marked the first time a listserv was established prior to a Seminarsession. This approach was so successful that the Seminar plans toreplicate it for all future sessions. The Seminar also has plans tocreate a series of listservs based on professional groups, therebyextending the Seminar network beyond the participants in aparticular session.

22

Each year, groups of individuals from throughout the world meet at Schloss Leopoldskron for a brief period of intensive dialogue in the hope of bringing about positivechange. Although this experience usually lasts no more than a week, professional relationshipsspanning the globe have been formed that sometimes endure for a lifetime. More than sixtyRegional Alumni Associations activate and maintain a network of alumni within their owncountries. In addition, three Professional Alumni Associations link alumni throughout the worldwho work in a particular field. All of these associations are independent, not-for-profit entities,and organize their own meetings and projects. Volunteer leaders serve to maintain a mutuallyproductive relationship with the Seminar and to meet the interests of their affiliated members.

LAWSS The first activity of the Legal

Alumni Web of the Salzburg Seminar(LAWSS), whosepurpose is to createa professionalnetwork of Seminaralumni engaged inthe legalprofession, was asymposium held atSchlossLeopoldskron fromAugust 7 to 9,1999. The

symposium, attended by forty alumnifrom fifteen countries, focused on thetheme The Lawyer in Society.

Networking the Globe

Three distinguished speakersgave plenary presentations, followedby lively discussion among thosepresent. Manfred Nowak, director ofthe Ludwig-Boltzmann Institute ofHuman Rights in Vienna, spoke onHuman Rights in the FormerYugoslavia; Sir Sydney Kentridge,QueenÕs Counsel practicing at theEnglish and South African Bar, led adiscussion on International CriminalJustice; Richard Webster, whopracticed law with Cleary, Gottlieb,Steen, and Hamilton in New York,Paris, and BrusselsÑand whoseassociation with the Seminar goesback to 1948Ñdelivered apresentation on Secessionist Claims.The symposium was organized with

the valuable help of Vijay Sharma,senior partner of Arlingtons SharmasSolicitors in London, who is servingas alumni leader of LAWSS.

As a result of the overwhelmingsuccess of the first activity of LAWSS,the Seminar plans to hold LAWSSsymposia on a regular basis, inaddition to exploring other ways inwhich a topical alumni group canprovide a resource for alumni in thesame profession to communicate witheach other.

Featured Speaker Manfred Nowak greetsalumna Mira Jovicic-Plessl from

Yugoslavia at the opening of the LAWSSsymposium in August 1999.

“The network establishedduring the Salzburg Seminar

is invaluable as animportant source for

international research and afirst step towards mutual

cooperation.”Fellow, Singapore

Salzburg Seminar Alumni

LAWSS Alumni LeaderVijay Sharma.

“If anyone wants to evaluate theimpact of a session, it should be

in terms of the post-sessioninformation sharing that goes on

among the Fellows.” Fellow, Ghana

OTHER PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS

ISCLT (International Society for Contemporary Literature and Theatre) began as a reunion of the Fellows ofSession 148, Contemporary American Literature, in 1973, and has met annually ever since in locations in Europe and theUnited States. Its purpose is to encourage the writing and study of literature by sponsoring activities designed to increaseunderstanding through production, criticism, and shared experience. Its international membership, not limited to Seminaralumni, includes more than 150 individuals engaged in literary, theatrical, and related academic pursuits.

SCUPAD (Salzburg Congress on Urban Planning and Development), at www.picced.org/resource/scupad.htm, isan independent, nonprofit organization originating from the Salzburg Seminar. Founded by Fellows from the SeminarÕsUrban Planning Session in 1965, the approximately 200 SCUPAD members, consisting of Fellows and other invitedexperts in urban planning and development, are basedthroughout Europe, the Middle East, North America, India, andNorthern Africa. SCUPADÕs objectives are

v to maintain contacts among participants of all urban planningand related Seminar sessions;

v to exchange research results and new concepts and policiesin the field of urban planning and development;

v and to organize an annual Congress that addresses topics ofcritical relevance to urban planning and development, and to

publish its results in the SCUPAD newsletters andother publications.

The Salzburg Seminar Alumni Officesupports activities and facilitates theexchange of information among the SeminarÕs Fellows, Faculty, and other participants.An e-mail list is maintained, and alumni are urged to update all address information.The Alumni Office welcomes inquiries about the SeminarÕs programs andencourages alumni to suggest potential applicants for forthcoming sessions.

For further information on alumni activities and/or organizations:

ALUMNI LEADERSHANDBOOK:

Best Practices: A Handbook forSalzburg Seminar Alumni Associationswas created and distributed in 1999 toall Salzburg Seminar alumni leaders. Itis a reference manual based on theexperience and advice shared bytwenty-three leaders of both long-established and new SalzburgSeminar alumni associations, who metat Schloss Leopoldskron in April 1998.Prescribing no single, correctmodel for an alumniassociation, theHandbook offerssuggestions from whicheach group isencouraged to determine,in the context of itsparticular objectives andconstituency, its own Òbestpractices.Ó

A participant at the LAWSSsymposium joins in theplenary discussion inParker Hall.

23Salzburg Seminar Alumni Office

Box 129, A-5010 Salzburg, AustriaTelephone: +43 (662) 839830, Fax: +43 (662) 839837

E-mail: alumni@salzburgseminar.orgInternet: www.salzburgseminar.org/alumni.cfm

24

Rahimah Haji Ahmad, FellowProfessor and Dean, School ofEducation, University of Malaya

Eloy Anello, FacultyPresident and Founder, N�rUniversity, Bolivia

Khalid Al Ankary, FellowMinister of Higher Education, SaudiArabia

Homero Aridjis, FacultyWriter; President, International PEN,Mexico

Michael H. Armacost, FacultyPresident, The Brookings Institution;Former Ambassador of the UnitedStates to Japan

Nancy Landon KassebaumBaker, Faculty

Former United States Senator

Aharon Barak, FacultyPresident, Supreme Court of Israel

Donal Barrington, FellowMember, Supreme Court, Republicof Ireland

Saul Bellow, FacultyNobel Laureate in literature

Shyam Benegal, FacultyFilmmaker, India

Derek Bok, Faculty

President Emeritus and 300thAnniversary University Professor,Kennedy School of Government,Harvard University

Malcolm Bradbury, FellowAuthor; Professor Emeritus ofAmerican Studies, University of EastAnglia

John Brademas, FacultyChairman, PresidentÕs Committee onthe Arts and Humanities; FormerUnited States Representative inCongress from Indiana

Stephen Breyer, FacultyAssociate Justice, United StatesSupreme Court

Andr� Brink, FacultyAuthor; Professor of English,University of Cape Town

Leon Brittan, FacultyFormer Vice President, EuropeanCommission

David S. Broder, FacultyPulitzer Prize recipient; NationalPolitical Correspondent, TheWashington Post

Cai Haoyi, FacultyDeputy Director, PeopleÕs Bank ofChina, Research Institute of Financeand Banking

J�n Carnogursky, FacultyMinister of Justice and Former PrimeMinister, Slovakia

Warren Christopher, FacultyPresidential Medal of Freedomrecipient; Former United StatesSecretary of State

Harlan Cleveland, FacultyPresident, World Academy of Art andScience; Former United StatesAssistant Secretary of State

Emil Constantinescu, FacultyPresident of Romania

E. Gerald Corrigan, FacultyManaging Director, Goldman Sachs,New York

Ralf Dahrendorf, FellowFormer Director, London School ofEconomics; Honorary Fellow, St.AntonyÕs College, Oxford

Jean-Louis Dewost, FacultyDirector-General, Legal Service,European Communities

Ariel Dorfman, FacultyPlaywright; Author; TheDistinguished Research Professor ofLiterature and Latin AmericanStudies, Duke University

Unity Dow, FacultyJustice, The High Court ofBotswana, Lobatse

Mohamed El-Baradei, FacultyDirector General, InternationalAtomic Energy Agency

Roger Err�ra, FacultyMember, Conseil dÕEtat, Paris

Franz Fischler, FacultyCommissioner, Agriculture and RuralDevelopment, EuropeanCommission

Garret FitzGerald, FacultyFormer Prime Minister of Ireland

Colette Flesch, Fellow, FacultyMember, European Parliament

John Hope Franklin, FacultyPresidential Medal of Freedomrecipient; Historian; James B. DukeProfessor Emeritus of History, DukeUniversity

John Kenneth Galbraith,Faculty

Paul M. Warburg Professor ofEconomics, Emeritus, HarvardUniversity; Former Ambassador ofthe United States to India

Samuel Ruiz Garcia, FacultyBishop, Chiapas, Mexico

Ekaterina U. Genieva, FellowPresident, Open Society Institute,Russia; Chairperson, StrategicBoard, and Director, All-RussiaState Library for Foreign Literature,Moscow

Ruth Bader Ginsburg, FacultyAssociate Justice, United StatesSupreme Court

Andrew Gonzales, Fellow,Faculty

Secretary of Education, Culture, andSports, Philippines

Anthony R. Gubbay, FacultyChief Justice of Zimbabwe

Lani Guinier, FacultyProfessor of Law, Harvard LawSchool

Sirkka H�m�l�inen, FellowMember of the Governing Council,European Central Bank; Governor,Bank of Finland

Robert Hawke, FellowFormer Prime Minister of Australia

For more than fifty years, the Salzburg Seminar has broughtdistinguished leaders from government, law, business, and academiatogether with exceptional mid-career professionals from around the world.The Seminar takes pride in and would like to recognize all those who haveparticipated in its programs, but space prohibits doing so. This represen-tative list reflects both the prominence of Seminar Faculty members and thediversity and accomplishments of its Fellows. Many of the SeminarÕs Boardof Directors, although not included here, have served with distinction atSeminar sessions; all Faculty have served without compensation.

"Although an optimistby nature, there have

been times duringwhich it seemed to me

my generation wasfailing most significantlyeven to begin to achievethe dreams for a better

world. To see andparticipate with theyoung people in the

Seminar, to witness aprocess which

encourages, indeedrequires, them to facethe profound issues ofour time, has renewed

my hope."Lynn Williams, Retired

President, UnitedSteelworkers of America;and Faculty, Session 367

Faculty & Fellows 1947-2000: A PARTIAL RETROSPECTIVE

25

Cheryl Henson, FellowPresident, The Jim HensonFoundation, New York

Frances Hesselbein, FacultyPresidential Medal of Freedomrecipient; President and ChiefExecutive Officer, Peter F. DruckerFoundation for NonprofitManagement

Rosalyn Higgins, FacultyJudge, International Court of Justice,The Hague

Mugur-Constantin Isarescu,Fellow

Prime Minister of Romania

Franciska Issaka, FacultyFounder, Centre for SustainableDevelopment Initiatives, Ghana

Rolf Jeker, FellowDeputy Director, Federal Office ofForeign Economic Affairs;Ambassador and Delegate, FederalCouncil for Trade Agreements,Switzerland

Anker J¿rgensen, Fellow,Faculty

Former Prime Minister of Denmark

George Kahari, FellowDirector, National Gallery ofZimbabwe

Max Kampelman, FacultyPresidential Medal of Freedomrecipient; Vice Chairman, UnitedStates Institute of Peace; Chairman,American Academy of Diplomacy

Thomas Klestil, FacultyPresident of Austria

Harold Hongju Koh, FacultyUnited States Assistant Secretary forDemocracy, Human Rights, andLabor

Maxine Kumin, FacultyPulitzer Prize recipient; FormerPoetry Consultant to the UnitedStates Library of Congress

Pascal Lamy, FacultyCommissioner for Trade, EuropeanCommission

Pierre Lellouche, Fellow,Faculty

Diplomatic Advisor to the Presidentof the French Republic; Member,National Assembly of France

Lim Soon Lee, FellowMusic Director and ResidentConductor, National University ofSingapore

Jutta Limbach, Fellow, FacultyPresident, Federal ConstitutionalCourt of Germany

Lindiwe Mabuza, FacultyAmbassador of South Africa toGermany; Former ChiefRepresentative, African NationalCongress

Ismail Mahomed, FacultyChief Justice of South Africa

Marcel Marceau, FellowMime

Federico Mayor, FacultyFormer Director General, UnitedNations Educational, Scientific, andCultural Organization

Beverley McLachlin, FacultyJustice, Supreme Court of Canada

Arthur Miller, FacultyPlaywright

Pierre Solbes Mira, FellowCommissioner for Economic andMonetary Affairs, EuropeanCommission

Khotso Mokhele, FacultyPresident, Foundation for ResearchDevelopment, Pretoria

Yoshio Murakami, FacultyGeneral Director, InternationalDivision, Asahi Shimbun

Sandra Day OÕConnor, FacultyAssociate Justice, United StatesSupreme Court

Clara Osinulu, FacultyVice President, InternationalFederation of University Women;Chair, Federation of UniversityWomen of Africa; Director andProgram Representative, African-American Institute, Nigeria

Eng Fong Pang, FacultyHigh Commissioner for Singapore tothe United Kingdom and NorthernIreland; Ambassador of Singapore tothe Republic of Ireland

Mari Pangestu, FacultyExecutive Director, Centre forStrategic and International Studies,Jakarta

Breda Pavlic, FellowDirector, Women and Gender Equity,UNESCO

Park Sung San, FellowSenior Advisor, Daewoo Securities;Former Governor, Bank of Korea

Nguyen Xuan Phong, FellowConsul General of Viet Nam to theUnited States

Romano Prodi, FellowPresident, European Commission

William H. Rehnquist, FacultyChief Justice, United StatesSupreme Court

Mary Robinson, FacultyUnited Nations High Commissionerfor Human Rights; Former Presidentof Ireland

Renato Ruggiero, FacultyFormer Director, World TradeOrganization

Jana Ryslinkov�, FacultyExecutive Director, InformationCenter for Foundations and OtherNot-for-Profit Organizations, CzechRepublic

Alexander Schaub, Fellow,Faculty

Former Director General forCompetition, European Commission

Helmut Schmidt, FacultyFormer Chancellor of the FederalRepublic of Germany

Glenn T. Seaborg, FacultyNobel Laureate in chemistry; FormerChairman, United States AtomicEnergy Commission

Donna E. Shalala, FacultyUnited States Secretary of Healthand Human Services

James Sheridan, FellowFilm Director and Producer

M. Hadi Soesastro, FacultyExecutive Director, Centre forStrategic and International Studies,Indonesia

Roberto Subroto, FacultyFormer Secretary General, OPEC

Yushu Takashima, FacultyFormer Ambassador of Japan toAustria

Leo Tindemans, FacultyFormer Prime Minister of Belgium

Joseph Tosovsky, FacultyFormer Prime Minister of the CzechRepublic

David Trimble, FellowNobel Peace Laureate; First Minister,Northern Ireland Assembly

Max van der Stoel, FellowHigh Commissioner on NationalMinorities, Organization for Securityand Co-operation in Europe; FormerMinister of Foreign Affairs,Netherlands

Dirk van Dijk, FellowCommissioner, Ministry of Justice,Netherlands

Tran Van-Thinh, FacultyFormer Ambassador of the EuropeanCommission to the GATT

Simone Veil, FacultyFormer President, EuropeanParliament

Franz Vranitzky, FellowFormer Chancellor of Austria

Eliska Wagnerov�, FacultyChief Justice, Supreme Court of theCzech Republic

Per W�stberg, FacultyAuthor; Vice President, InternationalPEN; Member of the NobelCommittee, Swedish Academy

Shirley Williams, FellowPublic Service Professor of ElectoralPolitics, John F. Kennedy School ofGovernment, Harvard University;Member, House of Lords, London

Olin Robison stands with BoardMember Raoul F. Kneucker, directorgeneral of Scientific Research andInternational Affairs at the AustrianFederal Ministry of Science andTransport. Dr. Kneucker wasawarded the Salzburg Cup in June1999, an honor bestowed onindividuals who have demonstratedoutstanding service to the Seminar.

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qualifies for the Kellogg match; as aresult, the Seminar is pleased toreport that it has met the first two ofseveral deadlines pertaining to theKellogg challenge and is well on itsway to meeting the third one.

HUFFINGTONCENTENNIALENDOWMENT FUND OFTHE SALZBURG SEMINAR

In December 1999, theSalzburg SeminarÕs Chairman of theBoard, Roy M. Huffington,established the Huffington CentennialEndowment Fund with a $1 milliongift. This fund will be used to furtherthe educational mission of theSeminar. It is with the greatestpleasure and appreciation that theSeminar acknowledges AmbassadorHuffingtonÕs generosity. This gift

In 1995, the W.K. Kellogg Foundation of Battle Creek, Michigan, a long-time supporter,awarded the Seminar an extraordinary $10 million endowment grant that the Seminar mustmatch in other commitments. All gifts and grants designated for the SeminarÕs endowmentqualify for the match, as do pledges and contributions in the forms of trusts or bequests. Totalcommitments received at the end of 1999 stood at $5 million.

In the spring of 1999, Board member Robert Mundheim and Professor Robert Gorman ofthe University of Pennsylvania Law School began a very successful campaign to establish a Penn Fellows Endowment. Gifts to the Penn Fellows Endowment, which count toward theKellogg challenge, will support a Faculty member at the annual Law Session. The initial goal for the endowment was $100,000. Thus far, more than $118,000 has been raised in cash andpledges. The Seminar is grateful for the support of the Penn Fellows.

The Campaign for the Salzburg Seminar: The First Hundred Years“I know of no other

institution in the world thatindividually covers the

educational field the way theSalzburg Seminar does.

Because of what the Fellowslearn and carry back to theirindividual countries, I have

been an enthusiasticsupporter of the SalzburgSeminar for many years.”

Roy M. Huffington

Securing the Future

“I have greatly enjoyed myassociation with the Salzburg

Seminar. I am delighted by theprogress being made in

expanding the Seminar’s reachinto Asia. Seminar sessions give

tomorrow’s leaders perspective onthe larger global issues that willshape the twenty-first century.”

Frank Boas

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GIVING OPPORTUNITIESThe Salzburg Seminar welcomes gifts in support of both the

unrestricted and capital needs of the organization. Named giftopportunities are available for many of the capital needsidentified in the SeminarÕs long-range planning process. Named gifts may bear the donorÕs name or may be named tohonor a spouse or other family member, a colleague, a firm, orother persons or organizations deserving recognition. Thespecific terms of these gifts are determined in consultation withthe president.

The following list provides a representative sample ofnamed gift opportunities:

$6,000,000 Endow an Academic Program Session

$1,365,000 Renovate a Wing of the Meierhof

$850,000 Renovate the Meierhof Common Space

$310,000 Reconfigure Parker Hall

$150,000 Renovate a Faculty/Staff Apartment

$100,000 Endow a Scholarship/Fellowship Fund

$85,000 Renovate a Faculty/Staff Office

$25,000 Endow a Lecture Fund

$10,000 Endow a Book Fund/Technology Fund

If you are interested in more information about named giftopportunities at the Seminar, please contact John Krueger,director of Individual Gifts, at (802) 388 0007 (phone), (802) 3880944 (fax), or jkrueger@salzburgseminar.org.

MAJOR COMMITMENTSTO THE ENDOWMENT

The Seminar acknowledgeswith gratitude estate gifts made to theendowment by Board MemberHerbert P. Gleason and by SeniorFellow Frank Boas. Mr. Gleason, alifetime member of the Board whocelebrated his fiftieth anniversary withthe Seminar in 1999, made his giftthrough a charitable remainder trust.Mr. Boas, who served two terms onthe Board during the 1980s, made hiscommitment through a testamentarypledge. The Seminar is grateful toboth Mr. Gleason and Mr. Boas.

“I support the SalzburgSeminar because it has

given thousands of peoplea glimpse—sometimes an

epiphany—of a civilsociety and what it takes

to build it: hope,responsibility, curiosity,

decency, intelligence, andcourage. It has changed

their lives. They canchange the world.”

Herbert P. Gleason

28

Eva Mitterndorfer, Librarian

Bernadette Prasser, AdmissionsAssistant

Marie-Louise Ryback, SpecialProjects Coordinator

Kathleen Schendl, Senior ProgramAssistant

Lisa Schuler, Assistant to the Director

Monique Van Landingham, AssistantLibrarian

Ingrid Wolf-Hattinger, AdmissionsOfficer

VIENNA

Katherine McHugh Lichliter,Director, Asian Affairs; Director,Vienna Office; and Senior ProgramDirector

Ellen Schirenc, AdministrativeAssistant

MIDDLEBURY

Scott Atherton, Deputy Director,Asian Affairs and UniversitiesProject

Colin Guard, Program Assistant,Universities Project

Susan Hall, Office Assistant

Meg Harris, Assistant to thePresident; Special ProjectsCoordinator

OFFICERS

Olin Robison, President

Amy Hastings, Executive VicePresident

Wendy McKee, Assistant Treasurerand Director of Finance andAdministration

Timothy Ryback, Director, Salzburg

SALZBURG

Susanna Fox, Program Director andAcademic Program Coordinator

Jochen Fried, Director, UniversitiesProject

Martha Gecek, AdministrativeDirector, American Studies Center;Coordinator, Visiting AdvisorsProgram of the Universities Project

Russell Riley, Program Director

Cheryl Van Emburg, AdministrativeDirector

Trent Bonsall, InformationTechnology Team Coordinator

Christoph Dertnig, InformationTechnology Associate

Alexandra Dosch, Assistant Librarian

Anna Glass, Program Assistant

Deborah Hooper, Program Assistant

Helene Kamensky, Russian ProgramCoordinator, Universities Project

Kevin Hurley, Director of ProgramSupport

John Krueger, Director of IndividualGifts

Helen Maciejewski,Program/Development Associate

Sheila McGrory-Klyza, Writer andEditor

Lorraine Moyer, Financial Manager

Leslie Purple, Assistant Director ofDevelopment

Norma Jean Rollet, PublicationsCoordinator

Timothy Rollet, Payroll/BenefitsCoordinator

Karen Shackett, Information andResources Coordinator

Stephanie Sheldon, FinancialAssistant

Zsolt T�lgyesi, Director ofInformation Technology

Marlene Vrooman, Office andHuman Resources Manager

Cathy Walsh, Program Officer

CALIFORNIA

Virginia Clarke-Laskin, Director,California Office, and ProgramDirector

SCHLOSS LEOPOLDSKRONCONFERENCE CENTER

Manuela Resch, Finance andBusiness Manager

Richard Aigner, Conference ServicesAssistant

Ursula Albrecht, Assistant FinanceManager

Rudolf Eppenschwendtner,Superintendent

Margit Fesl, Housekeeping Manager

Alexandra Fleck, Conference andBanqueting Manager

Markus Hiljuk, Head Receptionist

Siegfried Huber, Food and BeverageManager

Ernst Kiesling, Catering Manager

Susanne Schneebauer,Administrative Assistant

Salzburg Seminar Staff

For More InformationInformation and materials about

the Salzburg Seminar are available at the SeminarÕs offices listed below as well as on the Internet atwww.salzburgseminar.org. Sessiondescriptions and faculty listings areupdated regularly. Inquiries about theSalzburg Seminar may be directed by e-mail to info@salzburgseminar.org.

Salzburg:Salzburg SeminarSchloss LeopoldskronBox 129, A-5010 Salzburg, AustriaTelephone: +43 (662) 839830Fax: +43 (662) 839837

Middlebury:Salzburg SeminarThe Marble Works, P.O. Box 886Middlebury, VT 05753 USATelephone: +1 (802) 388 0007Fax: +1 (802) 388 1030

Vienna:Salzburg SeminarSchmidgasse 14 A-1080 Vienna, AustriaTelephone: +43 (1) 4058470Fax: +43 (1) 4058445

California: Salzburg Seminar 33 Yosemite AvenueOakland, CA 94611 USATelephone: +1 (510) 595 8622Fax: +1 (510) 595 8619 PHOTOGRAPHS BY PHOTOSCOPE UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED.

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The Salzburg Seminaris a private, not-for-profitorganization incorporatedunder the laws of the Com-monwealth of Massachusettsas an institution of highereducation, and has 501(c)(3)status with the United StatesInternal Revenue Service.Charitable contributions arewelcome from organizationsand from individuals. Taxdeductible contributions maybe made in the United Statesand several Europeancountries. For more infor-mation, please contact theDevelopment Office inMiddlebury, Vermont.

The financial records ofthe Salzburg Seminar are amatter of public record and assuch are available. For a copyof our most recent financialstatements audited byPricewaterhouseCoopers LLP,Boston, please contact WendyMcKee at the SeminarÕs officein Middlebury, Vermont.