SALMON (SALMO SALAR): USING GEOMAGNETIC …...gravel Swim up from gravel . NAVIGATION TOOLS ......
Transcript of SALMON (SALMO SALAR): USING GEOMAGNETIC …...gravel Swim up from gravel . NAVIGATION TOOLS ......
![Page 1: SALMON (SALMO SALAR): USING GEOMAGNETIC …...gravel Swim up from gravel . NAVIGATION TOOLS ... salmon to Fraser River, B.C. PREDICTIVE ABILITY OF PRESENT MODELS USED BY FISHERIES](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050105/5f434a9e9a9e742cb3177669/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
TRANS-LOCATED ATLANTIC SALMON (SALMO SALAR): USING
GEOMAGNETIC ORIENTATION RESPONSES FOR INVASION RISK
ASSESSMENT.
MICHELLE SCANLAN1, AMANDA MEINKE1, NATHAN PUTMAN2, RYAN B. COUTURE3, JOSEPH O'NEIL3 AND DAVID L.G. NOAKES1,3
(1)OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
(2)PROTECTED RESOURCES AND BIODIVERSITY DIVISION, SOUTHEAST FISHERIES SCIENCE CENTER NOAA, NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE
(3)OREGON HATCHERY RESEARCH CENTER
![Page 2: SALMON (SALMO SALAR): USING GEOMAGNETIC …...gravel Swim up from gravel . NAVIGATION TOOLS ... salmon to Fraser River, B.C. PREDICTIVE ABILITY OF PRESENT MODELS USED BY FISHERIES](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050105/5f434a9e9a9e742cb3177669/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
SALMON LIFE CYCLE
Return to river from
sea
Find oceanic foraging grounds
Find the ocean
Stay in gravel
Swim up from gravel
![Page 3: SALMON (SALMO SALAR): USING GEOMAGNETIC …...gravel Swim up from gravel . NAVIGATION TOOLS ... salmon to Fraser River, B.C. PREDICTIVE ABILITY OF PRESENT MODELS USED BY FISHERIES](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050105/5f434a9e9a9e742cb3177669/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
NAVIGATION TOOLS
• Salmon need a compass and a map. • Early 1980s Tom Quinn showed that salmon
possess a magnetic compass.
• A compass alone is insufficient. Salmon need to know where they are in order to know which direction to select.
![Page 4: SALMON (SALMO SALAR): USING GEOMAGNETIC …...gravel Swim up from gravel . NAVIGATION TOOLS ... salmon to Fraser River, B.C. PREDICTIVE ABILITY OF PRESENT MODELS USED BY FISHERIES](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050105/5f434a9e9a9e742cb3177669/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
EARTH’S MAGNETIC FIELD
Lohmann et al. 2007 Stefan Maus 2006
Inclination Angle Intensity
![Page 5: SALMON (SALMO SALAR): USING GEOMAGNETIC …...gravel Swim up from gravel . NAVIGATION TOOLS ... salmon to Fraser River, B.C. PREDICTIVE ABILITY OF PRESENT MODELS USED BY FISHERIES](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050105/5f434a9e9a9e742cb3177669/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Use of Geomagnetic Information for Management
![Page 6: SALMON (SALMO SALAR): USING GEOMAGNETIC …...gravel Swim up from gravel . NAVIGATION TOOLS ... salmon to Fraser River, B.C. PREDICTIVE ABILITY OF PRESENT MODELS USED BY FISHERIES](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050105/5f434a9e9a9e742cb3177669/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Putman et al. 2013
Current Biology
N.F. Putman, Magnetic Navigation
Homing of sockeye and pink salmon to Fraser River, B.C.
![Page 7: SALMON (SALMO SALAR): USING GEOMAGNETIC …...gravel Swim up from gravel . NAVIGATION TOOLS ... salmon to Fraser River, B.C. PREDICTIVE ABILITY OF PRESENT MODELS USED BY FISHERIES](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050105/5f434a9e9a9e742cb3177669/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
PREDICTIVE ABILITY OF PRESENT MODELS USED BY FISHERIES MANAGERS AND A MODEL BASED ON GEOMAGNETIC NAVIGATION
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Present SockeyeModel
GeomagneticSockeye Model
Present PinkModel
GeomagneticPink Model
Var
iati
on
in D
iver
sio
n R
ate
exp
lain
ed
(%
)
N.F. Putman, Magnetic Navigation
![Page 8: SALMON (SALMO SALAR): USING GEOMAGNETIC …...gravel Swim up from gravel . NAVIGATION TOOLS ... salmon to Fraser River, B.C. PREDICTIVE ABILITY OF PRESENT MODELS USED BY FISHERIES](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050105/5f434a9e9a9e742cb3177669/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
MAGNETIC COIL SYSTEM
H
Z
Y
X
F
I D
X = geographic north Y = geographic east D = declination I = inclination angle F = total field intensity
H = horizontal intensity Z = vertical intensity Electric current
Magnetic field
![Page 9: SALMON (SALMO SALAR): USING GEOMAGNETIC …...gravel Swim up from gravel . NAVIGATION TOOLS ... salmon to Fraser River, B.C. PREDICTIVE ABILITY OF PRESENT MODELS USED BY FISHERIES](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050105/5f434a9e9a9e742cb3177669/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Hatchery reared, navigationally naïve, parr (stream stage)
![Page 10: SALMON (SALMO SALAR): USING GEOMAGNETIC …...gravel Swim up from gravel . NAVIGATION TOOLS ... salmon to Fraser River, B.C. PREDICTIVE ABILITY OF PRESENT MODELS USED BY FISHERIES](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050105/5f434a9e9a9e742cb3177669/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Northern field 215°
Rayleigh r = 0.135 Rayleigh p = 0.014
n = 233
Ambient field 303°
Rayleigh r = 0.048 Rayleigh p = 0.582
n = 240
Southern field 17°
Rayleigh r = 0.163 Rayleigh p = 0.002
n = 234
Putman et al. 2014
Current Biology
Intensity
Inclination
Magnetic navigation in salmon: no experience necessary!
![Page 11: SALMON (SALMO SALAR): USING GEOMAGNETIC …...gravel Swim up from gravel . NAVIGATION TOOLS ... salmon to Fraser River, B.C. PREDICTIVE ABILITY OF PRESENT MODELS USED BY FISHERIES](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050105/5f434a9e9a9e742cb3177669/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
HOW MIGHT A MAGNETIC MAP BASED ON GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS FUNCTION IN THE CONTEXT OF NON-NATIVE SPECIES INTRODUCTIONS?
![Page 12: SALMON (SALMO SALAR): USING GEOMAGNETIC …...gravel Swim up from gravel . NAVIGATION TOOLS ... salmon to Fraser River, B.C. PREDICTIVE ABILITY OF PRESENT MODELS USED BY FISHERIES](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050105/5f434a9e9a9e742cb3177669/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Atlantic Salmon
• Member of Family Salmonidae
• Comprised of three
groups: North American, European, and Baltic.
• Spend 1-2 years in
freshwater, 2-3 in marine.
• Important species for
aquaculture.
http://nature.ca/notebooks/images/img/077_p_atlantic_salmon_parr_p.jpg
![Page 13: SALMON (SALMO SALAR): USING GEOMAGNETIC …...gravel Swim up from gravel . NAVIGATION TOOLS ... salmon to Fraser River, B.C. PREDICTIVE ABILITY OF PRESENT MODELS USED BY FISHERIES](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050105/5f434a9e9a9e742cb3177669/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Atlantic Salmon in Oregon
Atlantic salmon stocked in Hosmer Lake since 1929. Stock provided by Wizard Falls Hatchery
![Page 14: SALMON (SALMO SALAR): USING GEOMAGNETIC …...gravel Swim up from gravel . NAVIGATION TOOLS ... salmon to Fraser River, B.C. PREDICTIVE ABILITY OF PRESENT MODELS USED BY FISHERIES](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050105/5f434a9e9a9e742cb3177669/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Test Fields
Ancestral home Maine, USA Test/Rearing location Oregon, USA Simulated Test fields
![Page 15: SALMON (SALMO SALAR): USING GEOMAGNETIC …...gravel Swim up from gravel . NAVIGATION TOOLS ... salmon to Fraser River, B.C. PREDICTIVE ABILITY OF PRESENT MODELS USED BY FISHERIES](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050105/5f434a9e9a9e742cb3177669/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Hypotheses
1. If genetic factors predominate, trans-located Atlantic salmon parr will course correct when presented with fields at the northern and southern periphery of their native oceanic range, but will be randomly oriented when exposed to fields in an introduced range.
2. If environmental factors predominate, translocated parr will not course-correct to “native oceanic fields”, but will respond appropriately to fields in their introduced range.
![Page 16: SALMON (SALMO SALAR): USING GEOMAGNETIC …...gravel Swim up from gravel . NAVIGATION TOOLS ... salmon to Fraser River, B.C. PREDICTIVE ABILITY OF PRESENT MODELS USED BY FISHERIES](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050105/5f434a9e9a9e742cb3177669/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Mean Vector: 114° Mean Vector: 9°/189° p-value: 0.039 p-value: 0.043 n = 236 n = 236
Atlantic northern field
Atlantic southern field
0
90
180
270
0
90
180
270
![Page 17: SALMON (SALMO SALAR): USING GEOMAGNETIC …...gravel Swim up from gravel . NAVIGATION TOOLS ... salmon to Fraser River, B.C. PREDICTIVE ABILITY OF PRESENT MODELS USED BY FISHERIES](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050105/5f434a9e9a9e742cb3177669/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Pacific northern field
Mean Vector: 169° Mean Vector: 2.6° p-value: 0.018 p-value: 0.008 n = 234 n = 238
0
90
180
270
0
90
180
270
Pacific southern field
![Page 18: SALMON (SALMO SALAR): USING GEOMAGNETIC …...gravel Swim up from gravel . NAVIGATION TOOLS ... salmon to Fraser River, B.C. PREDICTIVE ABILITY OF PRESENT MODELS USED BY FISHERIES](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050105/5f434a9e9a9e742cb3177669/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
0
90
180
270
Comparison of Atlantic and Pacific Salmon Orientation Responses
![Page 19: SALMON (SALMO SALAR): USING GEOMAGNETIC …...gravel Swim up from gravel . NAVIGATION TOOLS ... salmon to Fraser River, B.C. PREDICTIVE ABILITY OF PRESENT MODELS USED BY FISHERIES](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050105/5f434a9e9a9e742cb3177669/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Magnetic Maps and Invasion Risk Assessment
1. Magnetic maps are based on both genetic and environmental factors.
2. Suggests that Atlantic salmon reared in the Pacific NW and introduced to the North Pacific could successfully navigate to favorable ocean habitat.
3. Geomagnetic information is continuously mapped through time, and can be applied to existing fishery models.
4. Invasion risk assessments may be tested within a laboratory setting.
![Page 20: SALMON (SALMO SALAR): USING GEOMAGNETIC …...gravel Swim up from gravel . NAVIGATION TOOLS ... salmon to Fraser River, B.C. PREDICTIVE ABILITY OF PRESENT MODELS USED BY FISHERIES](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050105/5f434a9e9a9e742cb3177669/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Dr. Eric Billman Amanda Meinke Ryan Couture Joseph O’Neil Joyce Mahr