Salesforce Migration Guide

Version 25.0: Summer '12

Force.com Migration Tool Guide

Last updated: June 1 2012

© Copyright 2000–2012 salesforce.com, inc. All rights reserved. Salesforce.com is a registered trademark of salesforce.com, inc., as are othernames and marks. Other marks appearing herein may be trademarks of their respective owners.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Development as a Service (DaaS).........................................................................................3Force.com Migration Tool........................................................................................................................................................3Understanding Package and Directory Structure......................................................................................................................3

Chapter 2: Installing the Force.com Migration Tool..............................................................................5Prerequisites for Using the Force.com Migration Tool.............................................................................................................5

Verifying Java Installation..............................................................................................................................................5Installing Java................................................................................................................................................................5Verifying Ant Installation..............................................................................................................................................5Installing and Configuring Ant.....................................................................................................................................6

Installing the Force.com Migration Tool..................................................................................................................................6About the Contents of the Force.com Migration Tool.................................................................................................6

Chapter 3: Using the Force.com Migration Tool....................................................................................8Entering Salesforce Connection Information............................................................................................................................8Constructing a Project Manifest...............................................................................................................................................9

Specifying Named Components..................................................................................................................................14Specifying all Components of a Type..........................................................................................................................15Specifying Standard Objects........................................................................................................................................15Getting Information About Metadata Types..............................................................................................................15Describing Metadata Types.........................................................................................................................................16Listing Components for a Metadata Type..................................................................................................................16

Creating Retrieve Targets.......................................................................................................................................................18Retrieving Unpackaged Components..........................................................................................................................19Retrieving Managed or Unmanaged Packages............................................................................................................19Retrieving Components in Bulk..................................................................................................................................19

Retrieving Metadata from a Salesforce Organization..............................................................................................................20Editing Metadata....................................................................................................................................................................21Deleting Files from an Organization.......................................................................................................................................21Deploying Changes to a Salesforce Organization...................................................................................................................21

Deploying Components...............................................................................................................................................23Deploying Code..........................................................................................................................................................24Running Tests in a Deployment..................................................................................................................................24

Checking the Status of a Task.................................................................................................................................................25

Chapter 4: Common Migration Issues.................................................................................................26Common Metadata Issues.......................................................................................................................................................26Connection Problems..............................................................................................................................................................27Testing in Apex.......................................................................................................................................................................28

Glossary.............................................................................................................................................29

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Table of Contents

Index.................................................................................................................................................44

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Table of Contents

Chapter 1

Development as a Service (DaaS)

Force.com Development as a Service (DaaS) is a suite of features that enables you to use traditional development practices forcreating on-demand applications. With the point-and-click tools in the Salesforce Web application, you can create or modifythe setup information of your organization including custom objects and fields, workflow rules, Apex classes and triggers, andmany other Force.com components. DaaS expands the development process to include external tools, such as code editors,source control systems, and batch scripts to facilitate development and deployment.

An important use of DaaS features is when migrating metadata components from one organization to another, for example,when making setup changes in a sandbox organization and then promoting those changes to a production environment.

Force.com Migration ToolThe Force.com Migration Tool is a Java/Ant-based command-line utility for moving metadata between a local directory anda Salesforce organization. The Force.com Migration Tool is especially useful in the following scenarios:

• Development projects where you need to populate a test environment with large amounts of setup changes — Makingthese changes using a Web interface could take a long time.

• Multistage release processes — A typical development process requires iterative building, testing, and staging beforereleasing to a production environment. Scripted retrieval and deployment of components can make this process much moreefficient.

• Repetitive deployment using the same parameters — You can retrieve all the metadata in your organization, make changes,and deploy a subset of components. If you need to repeat this process, it's as simple as calling the same deployment targetagain.

• When migrating from stage to production is done by IT — Anyone that prefers deploying in a scripting environment willfind the Force.com Migration Tool a familiar process.

For more information, see Using the Force.com Migration Tool on page 8.

Understanding Package and Directory StructureThe Metadata API functions in a package-centric manner. Components may be in one or more packages, or in no packageat all. Packages may be local (created in your Salesforce organization) or installed from Force.com AppExchange. Wheneverthe Force.com Migration Tool retrieves a set of components, that set will be limited to what’s in a single package or what’s inno package at all. There are three kinds of packages:

• Unpackaged—Components that live natively in your organization, such as standard objects, go in the unpackaged package.

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• Unmanaged package—Unmanaged packages are typically used to distribute open-source projects or application templatesto provide developers with the basic building blocks for an application. Once the components are installed from anunmanaged package, the components can be edited in the organization they are installed in. The developer who createdand uploaded the unmanaged package has no control over the installed components, and can't change or upgrade them.Unmanaged packages should not be used to migrate components from a sandbox to production organization. Instead, see“Change Sets” in the online help.

• Managed package—A collection of application components that is posted as a unit on the AppExchange and associatedwith a namespace and possibly a License Management Organization. To support upgrades, a package must be managed.An organization can create a single managed package that can be downloaded and installed by many different organizations.Managed packages differ from unmanaged packages by having some locked components, allowing the managed packageto be upgraded later. Unmanaged packages do not include locked components and cannot be upgraded. In addition,managed packages obfuscate certain components (like Apex) on subscribing organizations to protect the intellectual propertyof the developer.

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Development as a Service (DaaS) Understanding Package and Directory Structure

Chapter 2

Installing the Force.com Migration Tool

Before you install the Force.com Migration Tool you will need Java and Ant installed on your local machine. Then you candownload the Force.com Migration Tool from a Salesforce organization.

1. Install Java and Ant, as described in Prerequisites for Using the Force.com Migration Tool.2. Log into a Salesforce organization and download the Force.com Migration Tool, as described in Installing the Force.com

Migration Tool.

Prerequisites for Using the Force.com Migration ToolBefore you can use the Force.com Migration Tool you must have Java and Ant installed and configured correctly. You maynot need to install Java and Ant if you already have them on your computer, so first verify the installation from a commandprompt.

Verifying Java Installation

To see if you have Java installed:

1. Open a command prompt.2. At the prompt, type java -version and press Enter.

The output should look something like the following:

java version "1.5.0_01"Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.5.0_01-b06)Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 1.5.0_01-b06, mixed mode)

The Force.com Migration Tool works with Java version 1.5.x or later. If you have an earlier version, you will need to installJava 1.5.x or later.

Installing Java

In a Web browser, navigate to http://java.sun.com/javase/downloads/index.jsp and install the latest version of the Java JDKon the deployment machine. When you are finished with the installation, verify the installation by typing java -versionat a command prompt.

Verifying Ant Installation

To see if you have Ant installed:

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http://java.sun.com/javase/downloads/index.jsp

1. Open a command prompt.2. At the prompt, type ant -version and press Enter.

The output should look something like the following:

Apache Ant version 1.7.0 compiled on December 13 2006

If the Ant version is 1.5.x or earlier, you will need to download the latest version of Ant.

Note: Even if you have Ant installed, you may still need to put the bin directory on your path. On a Windowsoperation system, you may also need to set the ANT_HOME and JAVA_HOME environment variables. For details, seeInstalling and Configuring Ant.

Installing and Configuring Ant

To install Ant:

1. Download Apache Ant version 1.6 or newer to a directory of your choice: http://ant.apache.org/bindownload.cgi.This directory will be known as ANT_HOME. Once the files are on your computer, there is no further installationrequired.

2. Add the bin directory to your path. (Only the bin and lib directories are required to run Ant.)3. If you are using a Windows operation system, create an ANT_HOME environment variable and set the value to where you

have installed Ant. Also create a JAVA_HOME environment variable and set the value to the location of your JDK.

For additional information, see http://ant.apache.org/manual/install.html.

Installing the Force.com Migration ToolTo download and install the Force.com Migration Tool:

1. Log into a Salesforce organization on your deployment machine.2. Click Your Name > Setup > Develop > Tools, and then click Force.com Migration Tool.3. Save the .zip file locally and extract the contents to the directory of your choice.4. Copy ant-salesforce.jar and paste into your Ant installation's lib directory. The lib directory is located in the

root folder of your Ant installation.

Note: If you do not have Ant installed, see Prerequisites for Using the Force.com Migration Tool.

About the Contents of the Force.com Migration Tool

When you extract the Force.com Migration Tool zip files, the following folders and files are written to the location youspecified:

• A Readme.html file that explains how to use the tools

• A Jar file containing the ant task: ant-salesforce.jar

• A sample folder containing:

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Installing the Force.com Migration Tool Installing and Configuring Ant

http://ant.apache.org/bindownload.cgi

http://ant.apache.org/manual/install.html

◊ A codepkg\classes folder that contains SampleDeployClass.cls and SampleFailingTestClass.cls

◊ A codepkg\triggers folder that contains SampleAccountTrigger.trigger

◊ A mypkg\objects folder that contains the custom objects used in the examples

◊ A removecodepkg folder that contains XML files for removing the examples from your organization

◊ A sample build.properties file that you must edit, specifying your credentials, in order to run the sample ant tasksin build.xml

◊ A sample build.xml file, that exercises the deploy and retrieve API calls

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Installing the Force.com Migration Tool About the Contents of the Force.com Migration Tool

Chapter 3

Using the Force.com Migration Tool

The Force.com Migration Tool is a Java/Ant-based command-line utility for moving metadata between a local directory anda Salesforce organization. You can use the Force.com Migration Tool to retrieve components, create scripted deployment, andrepeat deployment patterns.

The general procedure you will follow when using the Force.com Migration Tool to copy metadata from one Salesforceorganization to another is:

1. Enter credentials and connection information for source Salesforce organization in build.properties2. Create retrieve targets in build.xml3. Construct a project manifest in package.xml4. Run the Force.com Migration Tool to retrieve metadata files from Salesforce5. Enter credentials and connection information for destination Salesforce organization in build.properties6. Run the Force.com Migration Tool to deploy metadata files or deletions to Salesforce

Entering Salesforce Connection InformationIn order to retrieve or deploy metadata components, you need to edit build.properties to point to a Salesforce organization:

1. Go to the location where you extracted the Force.com Migration Tool files and open the sample subdirectory.2. Open build.properties in a text editor and substitute a valid Salesforce username and password. If you are using a

security token, paste the 25-digit token value to the end of your password.

ValueParameter

The salesforce.com username for login. The username associated with this connection musthave the “Modify All Data” permission. Typically, this is only enabled for System

sf.username

Administrator users. When connecting to a sandbox instance your sandbox name is appendedto your username. For example, if your production username is [email protected],and one of your sandboxes is called bar, then your sandbox username [email protected].

The password you use to log into the organization associated with this project. If you areusing a security token, paste the 25-digit token value to the end of your password.

sf.password

The salesforce server URL. Use https://login.salesforce.com to connect to aproduction or Developer Edition organization. To connect to a sandbox instance, changethis to https://test.salesforce.com.

sf.serverurl

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Constructing a Project ManifestThe package.xml file is a project manifest that lists all the components you want to retrieve or deploy in a single request.You can retrieve or deploy only a single package at a time.

The following elements may be defined in package.xml:

DescriptionName

The name of the server-side package to deploy into. If the <fullName> field isomitted, components will not be assigned to a package when deployed, and will bein the unpackaged package. This field is not used for retrieve.

<fullName>

This element contains one or more <members> tags and one <name> tag, and isused to list the metadata components of a certain type to retrieve or deploy.

<types>

The full name of a component. There is one <members> element defined for eachcomponent in the directory. You can replace the value in this member with the

<members>

wildcard character * (asterisk) instead of listing each member separately. This is achild element of <types>.

Contains the type of the component, for example CustomObject or Profile.There is one name defined for each component type in the directory. This is a childelement of <types>.

<name>

The Metadata API version number of the files being retrieved or deployed. Whendeploying, all the files must conform to the same version of the Metadata API.

<version>

Component Types

The following table lists the component types that can be defined by the <name> element in package.xml:

NotesUses*

FolderXML <name> MetadataType

Component

AccountCriteriaBasedSharingRule isrepresented as criteriaBasedRules,

yesaccountSharingRulescriteriaBasedRulesAccount CriteriaBased SharingRule contained in the AccountSharingRules

component.

AccountOwnerSharingRule isrepresented as ownerRules, contained

yesaccountSharingRulesownerRulesAccount OwnerSharing Rule

in the AccountSharingRulescomponent.

This type is retrieved or deployed as partof a custom object file. You must

noobjectsActionOverrideAction Override

dot-qualify the object name before thecomponent name.

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Using the Force.com Migration Tool Constructing a Project Manifest

NotesUses*


Component

AccountTerritorySharingRule isrepresented as rules, contained in the

yesaccountTerritorySharingRulesrulesAccountTerritory SharingRule AccountTerritorySharingRules

component.

noanalyticsnapshotsAnalyticSnapshotAnalyticSnapshot

yesclassesApexClassApex class

yesobjectsArticleTypeArticle Type

yescomponentsApexComponentVisualforcecomponent

yespagesApexPageVisualforce page

yestriggersApexTriggerApex trigger


noobjectsBusinessProcessBusiness process


CampaignCriteriaBasedSharingRule isrepresented as criteriaBasedRules,

yescampaignSharingRulescriteriaBasedRulesCampaignCriteria BasedSharing Rule contained in the CampaignSharingRules

component.

CampaignOwnerSharingRule isrepresented as ownerRules, contained

yescampaignSharingRulesownerRulesCampaignOwner SharingRule in the CampaignSharingRules

component.

CaseCriteriaBasedSharingRule isrepresented as criteriaBasedRules,

yescaseSharingRulescriteriaBasedRulesCase CriteriaBased SharingRule contained in the CaseSharingRules

component.

CaseOwnerSharingRule is representedas ownerRules, contained in theCaseSharingRules component.

yescaseSharingRulesownerRulesCase OwnerSharing Rule

ContactCriteriaBasedSharingRule isrepresented as criteriaBasedRules,

yescontactSharingRulescriteriaBasedRulesContact CriteriaBased SharingRule contained in the ContactSharingRules

component.

ContactOwnerSharingRule isrepresented as ownerRules, containedin the ContactSharingRules component.

yescontactSharingRulesownerRulesContact OwnerSharing Rule

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NotesUses*


Component

CustomObjectCriteriaBasedSharingRuleis represented as

nocustomObjectSharingRulescriteriaBasedRulesCustom ObjectCriteria BasedSharing Rule criteriaBasedRules, contained in

the CustomObjectSharingRulescomponent.

CustomObjectOwnerSharingRule isrepresented as ownerRules, contained

nocustomObjectSharingRulesownerRulesCustom ObjectOwner SharingRule in the CustomObjectSharingRules

component.

yesapplicationsCustomApplicationCustomapplication

Custom fields are retrieved or deployedas part of a custom object file. You must

noobjectsCustomFieldCustom field

dot-qualify the object name before thecomponent name. Individual customfields cannot be retrieved with thewildcard (*) symbol, but must beexplicitly named in package.xml,unless their object is named in theCustomObject section.

Custom labels that can be localized foruse in different languages, countries, andcurrencies.

yeslabelsCustomLabelsCustom label

Standard objects cannot be retrievedwith the wildcard (*) symbol, but must

yesobjectsCustomObjectCustom object orstandard object

be explicitly named in package.xml,and only custom fields and standardpicklist fields are included.

yesobjectTranslationsCustomObjectTranslationCustom objecttranslation

Web links are defined in a home pagecomponent.

yesweblinksCustomPageWebLinkCustom pageweb link

yessitesCustomSiteCustom site

yestabsCustomTabCustom tab

nodashboardsDashboardDashboard

Includes a category group and itscategories.

yesdatacategorygroupsDataCategoryGroupData Categories

nodocumentDocumentDocument

noemailEmailTemplateEmail template

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NotesUses*


Component

yesentitlementTemplatesEntitlementTemplateEntitlementTemplate

yesobjectsFieldSetField set

A .flow file is an XML representationof a flow definition.

yesflowsFlowFlow

A folder may contain email templates,documents, reports, or dashboards.

nodocumentFolderFolder

yesgroupsGroupGroup

yeshomePageComponentsHomePageComponentHome pagecomponent

yeshomePageLayoutsHomePageLayoutHome pagelayout

yeslayoutsLayoutPage layout

noletterheadLetterheadLetterhead


noobjectsListViewList view



noobjectsNamedFilterLookup filter


LeadCriteriaBasedSharingRule isrepresented as criteriaBasedRules,

yesleadSharingRulescriteriaBasedRulesLead CriteriaBased SharingRule contained in the LeadSharingRules

component.

LeadOwnerSharingRule is representedas ownerRules, contained in theLeadSharingRules component.

yesleadSharingRulesownerRulesLead OwnerSharing Rule

OpportunityCriteriaBasedSharingRuleis represented as

yesopportunitySharingRulescriteriaBasedRulesOpportunityCriteria BasedSharing Rule criteriaBasedRules, contained in

the OpportunitySharingRulescomponent.

OpportunityOwnerSharingRule isrepresented as ownerRules, contained

yesopportunitySharingRulesownerRulesOpportunityOwner SharingRule in the OpportunitySharingRules

component.

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NotesUses*


Component

The contents of a permission setretrieved depends on the contents of the

yespermissionsetsPermissionSetPermission set

organization. For example, permissionsets only include field-level security forfields included in custom objectsreturned at the same time as thepermission sets.

yesportalsPortalPortal

The contents of a profile retrieveddepends on the contents of the

yesprofilesProfileProfile

organization. For example, profiles willonly include field-level security for fieldsincluded in custom objects returned atthe same time as the profiles.

yesqueuesQueueQueue


yesobjectsRecordTypeRecord type


yesremoteSiteSettingsRemoteSiteSettingRemote sitesetting

noreportsReportReport

Custom report types allow you to builda framework from which users can createand customize reports.

yesreportTypesReportTypeReport type

yesrolesRoleRole

Deprecated. Use Visualforce pages.yesscontrolsScontrolScontrol

This metadata type is not supported bythe deploy(), create(), delete(),or update() calls.

yesorgSettingsSecuritySettingsSecurity settings


noobjectsSharingReasonSharing reason



noobjectsSharingRecalculationSharingrecalculation


yesstaticResourcesStaticResourceStatic resource

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NotesUses*


Component

yesterritoriesTerritoryTerritory

yestranslationsTranslationsTranslationWorkbench


noobjectsValidationRuleValidation rule



noobjectsWeblinkWeb link


A .workflow file is a container for theindividual workflow componentsassociated with an object.

yesworkflowsWorkflowWorkflow

Specifying Named Components

To retrieve a component, specify the type of component in the <name> element and declare each component to be retrievedor deployed in the <members> element. The following is a sample package.xml project manifest that names two customobjects to be retrieved or deployed:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><Package xmlns="http://soap.sforce.com/2006/04/metadata">

<types><members>MyCustomObject__c</members><members>MyHelloWorldObject__c</members><name>CustomObject</name>

</types><version>25.0</version>

</Package>

Some metadata components are sub-components of another component. This means you must dot-qualify the sub-componentwith the parent component name.

The following metadata components are defined as part of an object:

• CustomField

• Picklist

• RecordType

• Weblink

• ValidationRule

For example, the following code retrieves a validation rule called ValidationRuleName on the Opportunity object:


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Using the Force.com Migration Tool Specifying Named Components

<types><members>Opportunity.ValidationRuleName</members><name>ValidationRule</name>


</Package>

Specifying all Components of a Type

To retrieve all components of a particular type, use the wildcard symbol (*). For example, to retrieve all custom objects:


<types><members>*</members><name>CustomObject</name>


</Package>

The wildcard symbol does not apply to all metadata types. For example, using the wildcard with the CustomObject typename will not retrieve standard objects. To retrieve a standard object, you must explicitly name the object in package.xml.Likewise, if you want to retrieve custom fields defined on standard objects, you must name the object and field.

Specifying Standard Objects

To retrieve standard objects and/or custom fields on standard objects, you must name the component in package.xml. Thefollowing package.xml file will retrieve a single field EngineeringReqNumber__c, on the Case object, as well as theentire Account object.


<types><members>Case.EngineeringReqNumber__c</members><name>CustomField</name>

</types><types>

<members>Account</members><name>CustomObject</name>


</Package>

Note: Custom objects and standard objects should be specified in the same <types> section, the one containing<name>CustomObject</name>.

Getting Information About Metadata Types

You sometimes need to experiment with the composition of your package.xml manifest file before you settle on the finalversion that retrieves or deploys the metadata that you want. There are a couple of helper targets, <sf:describeMetadata>and <sf:listMetadata>, that are useful for gathering the relevant information during this experimentation period. Thebuild.xml file specifies a series of commands to be executed by Ant. Within the build.xml file are named targets thatprocess a series of commands when you run Ant with a target name.

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Using the Force.com Migration Tool Specifying all Components of a Type

Describing Metadata Types

The describeMetadata target returns a list of metadata types that are enabled for your organization. This target is usefulwhen you want to identify the syntax needed for a metadata type in a <name> element in package.xml; for example,CustomObject for custom objects or Layout for page layouts. The following parameters may be set for each<sf:describeMetadata> target:

DescriptionField

Required. The Salesforce username for login. The username associated with thisconnection must have the “Modify All Data” permission. Typically, this is only enabledfor System Administrator users.

username

Required. The password you use to log into the organization associated with this project.If you are using a security token, paste the 25-digit token value to the end of yourpassword.

password

Optional. The Salesforce server URL (if blank, defaults to login.salesforce.com).To connect to a sandbox instance, change this to test.salesforce.com.

serverurl

Optional. The API version to use for the metadata. The default is 25.0.apiVersion

Optional. The path of the output file where results are stored. The default output is theconsole. Directing the output to a file makes it easier to extract the relevant informationfor your package.xml manifest file.

resultFilePath

Optional. Defaults to false. Prints the SOAP requests and responses to the console.Note that this will show the user's password in plain text during login.

trace

To get the list of metadata types enabled for your organization, specify a target in the build.xml file using<sf:describeMetadata>.

<target name="describeMetadata"><sf:describeRetrieveusername="${sf.username}"password="${sf.password}"serverurl="${sf.serverurl}"resultFilePath="describeMetadata/describe.log"/>

</target>

Listing Components for a Metadata Type

The listMetadata target retrieves property information about metadata components in your organization. This target isuseful when you want to identify individual components in package.xml for a retrieval or if you want a high-level view ofparticular metadata types in your organization. For example, you could use this target to return a list of names of all theCustomObject or Layout components in your organization, and use this information to make a subsequent retrieval toreturn a subset of these components. The following parameters may be set for each <sf:listMetadata> target:

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Using the Force.com Migration Tool Describing Metadata Types

DescriptionField

Required. The Salesforce username for login. The username associated with this connectionmust have the “Modify All Data” permission. Typically, this is only enabled for SystemAdministrator users.

username

Required. The password you use to log into the organization associated with this project.If you are using a security token, paste the 25-digit token value to the end of your password.

password

Optional. The Salesforce server URL (if blank, defaults to login.salesforce.com).To connect to a sandbox instance, change this to test.salesforce.com.

serverurl

Required. The name of the metadata type for which you are retrieving propertyinformation; for example, CustomObject for custom objects, or Report for customreports. For a full list of allowed values, see Component Types on page 9.

metadataType

The folder associated with the component. This field is required for components that usefolders, such as Dashboard, Document, EmailTemplate, or Report.

folder

Optional. The API version to use for the metadata. The default is 25.0.apiVersion

Optional. The path of the output file where results are stored. The default output is theconsole. Directing the output to a file makes it easier to extract the relevant informationfor your package.xml manifest file.

resultFilePath


trace

To get property information for components of one metadata type, such as CustomObject, specify a target in the build.xmlfile using <sf:listMetadata>.

<target name="listMetadata"><sf:listMetadatausername="${sf.username}"password="${sf.password}"serverurl="${sf.serverurl}"metadataType="CustomObject"resultFilePath="listMetadata/list.log"/>

</target>

The following example uses a component that resides in a folder.

<target name="listMetadata"><sf:listMetadatausername="${sf.username}"password="${sf.password}"serverurl="${sf.serverurl}"metadataType="Report"folder="Marketing_Reports"resultFilePath="listMetadata/list.log"/>

</target>

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Using the Force.com Migration Tool Listing Components for a Metadata Type

Creating Retrieve TargetsThe build.xml file specifies a series of commands to be executed by Ant. Within the build.xml file are named targetsthat process a series of commands when you run Ant with a target name. The following parameters may be set for each<sf:retrieve> target:

DescriptionField


username

Required. The password you use to log into the organization associated with thisproject. If you are using a security token, paste the 25-digit token value to the end ofyour password.

password

Optional. The Salesforce server URL (if blank, defaults tologin.salesforce.com). To connect to a sandbox instance, change this totest.salesforce.com.

serverurl

Required. The root of the directory structure into which the metadata files areretrieved.

retrieveTarget

Required if unpackaged is not specified. A comma-separated list of the names ofthe packages to retrieve. You must specify either packageNames or unpackaged,but not both.

packageNames

Optional. The Metadata API version to use for the retrieved metadata files. Thedefault is 25.0.

apiVersion

Optional. Defaults to 10000. The number of milliseconds to wait between attemptswhen polling for results of the retrieve request. The client continues to poll the serverup to the limit defined by maxPoll.

pollWaitMillis

Optional. Defaults to 20. The number of times to poll the server for the results ofthe retrieve request. The wait time between successive poll attempts is defined bypollWaitMillis.

maxPoll

Optional. Defaults to true. This must be set to false if you are retrieving multiplepackages. If set to false, the retrieved zip file includes an extra top-level directorycontaining a subdirectory for each package.

singlePackage


trace

Required if packageNames is not specified. The path and name of a file manifestthat specifies the components to retrieve. You must specify either unpackaged orpackageNames, but not both.

unpackaged

Optional. Defaults to true. If set to true, the retrieved components are unzipped.If set to false, the retrieved components are saved as a zip file in theretrieveTarget directory.

unzip

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Using the Force.com Migration Tool Creating Retrieve Targets

Retrieving Unpackaged Components

The unpackaged package contains all of the standard objects, custom objects, Apex classes and other metadata componentsthat exist natively in your organization, and not within a package. To retrieve unpackaged components, use a build.xmltarget that contains the unpackaged attribute that points to a package.xml file. For example:

<target name="retrieveUnpackaged"><mkdir dir="projectFolder"/><sf:retrieve

username="${sf.username}"password="${sf.password}"serverurl="${sf.serverurl}"retrieveTarget="projectFolder"unpackaged="unpackaged/package.xml"/>

</target>

The salesforce-ant.jar file contains Ant tasks for accessing the Metadata API. In the code above, sf:retrieve is anAnt task. The full list of metadata Ant tasks are described in the Metadata API Developer's Guide.

Retrieving Managed or Unmanaged Packages

Packages are useful for distributing related bundles of metadata across multiple instances or organizations, via Force.comAppExchange. However, you can use the Force.com Migration Tool to freely retrieve and deploy packaged metadata withoutusing AppExchange. You retrieve both managed and unmanaged packages in the same way.

To retrieve a package, specify a packageNames parameter in the build.xml file. For example:

<target name="retrieveNamedPackage"><sf:retrieve

username="${sf.username}"password="${sf.password}"serverurl="${sf.serverurl}"retrieveTarget="projectFolder"packageNames="mySourcePackage"/>

</target>

Retrieving Components in Bulk

This target is the optimal way to download a large number of components of a single metadata type, such as custom reports,into a set of local files. The following parameters may be set for each <sf:bulkRetrieve> target:

DescriptionField

Required. The Salesforce username for login. The username associated with thisconnection must have the “Modify All Data” permission. Typically, this is onlyenabled for System Administrator users.

username

Required. The password you use to log into the organization associated with thisproject. If you are using a security token, paste the 25-digit token value to the endof your password.

password

19

Using the Force.com Migration Tool Retrieving Unpackaged Components

http://www.salesforce.com/us/developer/docs/api_meta/index.htm

DescriptionField

Optional. The Salesforce server URL (if blank, defaults tologin.salesforce.com). To connect to a sandbox instance, change this totest.salesforce.com.

serverurl

Required. The root of the directory structure into which the metadata files areretrieved.

retrieveTarget

Required. The name of the metadata type to be retrieved; for example,CustomObject for custom objects, or Report for custom reports. For a full list ofallowed values, see Component Types on page 9.

metadataType

Optional. If the metadata is contained in a folder, this parameter should be the nameof the folder from which the contents are retrieved.

containingFolder

Optional, defaults to 10. The number of items to retrieve while doing multi-partretrieve.

batchSize

Optional. The Metadata API version to use for the retrieved metadata files. Thedefault is 25.0.

apiVersion

Optional. Defaults to 20. The number of times to poll the server for the results ofthe retrieve request. The clients waits for two seconds after the first poll attempt.

maxPoll

The wait time is doubled for each successive poll attempt up to maximum of 30seconds between poll attempts.

Optional. Defaults to true. If set to true, the retrieved components are unzipped.If set to false, the retrieved components are saved as a zip file in theretrieveTarget directory.

unzip

To retrieve custom report components in bulk, specify a target in the build.xml file using <sf:bulkRetrieve>.

<target name="bulkRetrieve"><sf:bulkRetrieveusername="${sf.username}"password="${sf.password}"serverurl="${sf.serverurl}"metadataType="Report"retrieveTarget="retrieveUnpackaged"/>

</target>

Retrieving Metadata from a Salesforce OrganizationTo retrieve Force.com components:

1. Open a command prompt.2. Run Ant by specifying a target name in build.xml. If this is the first time you are running Ant, use ant

retrieveUnpackaged to retrieve unpackaged components specified in package.xml.

20

Using the Force.com Migration Tool Retrieving Metadata from a Salesforce Organization

Note:

• The sample build.xml contains a number of useful targets for various retrieve() and deploy() options thatyou can modify or use as is. To see a list of all of your named targets in build.xml, enter ant -p at the commandline.

• The Metadata API can deploy up to 50 MB, and retrieve up to 2,500 files or 400 MB at one time. If you areworking with a large number of components, you should use the listMetadata target to identify the subset offiles that you want to retrieve, or you should retrieve batches of components using the bulkRetrieve target.

Editing MetadataYou can use any UTF-8 text editor to make changes to the files you retrieve.

Caution: Text editors that do not natively support UTF-8 may insert a byte order mark (BOM) at the top of the file,which can cause problems in the XML metadata.

Deleting Files from an OrganizationThe package.xml file is a project manifest that lists all the components you want to retrieve or deploy. While you can usepackage.xml to add components, you cannot use it to delete them. To delete files, you must create a delete manifest calleddestructiveChanges.xml. The format of the delete manifest is the same as package.xml, except that wildcards are notsupported.

Note: If you try to delete components that do not exist in the organization, the rest of the deletions will be attempted.

The following is a sample destructiveChanges.xml file that names a single custom object to be deleted:


<types><members>MyCustomObject__c</members><name>CustomObject</name>


</Package>

Deploying Changes to a Salesforce OrganizationThe build.xml file specifies targets to retrieve and deploy. The following parameters may be set for each deploy target:

21

Using the Force.com Migration Tool Editing Metadata

DescriptionField


username

Required. The password you use to log into the organization associated with this project.If you are using a security token, paste the 25-digit token value to the end of yourpassword.

password

Optional. The Salesforce server URL (if blank, defaults to www.salesforce.com).To connect to a sandbox instance, change this to test.salesforce.com.

serverurl

Optional. Defaults to 10000. The number of milliseconds to wait when polling for resultsof the deployment. Note that deployment may succeed even if you stop waiting.

pollWaitMillis

Optional. Defaults to false. Set to true to check the validity of the deployed fileswithout making any changes in the organization. This will not deploy any componentsor change the organization in any way.

checkOnly

Optional. Defaults to 20. The number of times to poll the server for the results of thedeploy request. Note that deployment may succeed even if you stop waiting.

maxPoll

Required if zipFile is not specified. Specifies the root of the directory tree of files todeploy. You must define a value for either zipFile or deployRoot.

deployRoot

Required if deployRoot is not specified.. Specifies the path of the metadata zip file tobe deployed. You must define a value for either zipFile or deployRoot.

zipFile

Optional. Defaults to false. Declares that the zipFile or deployRoot parameterpoints to a directory structure with a single package, as opposed to a set of packages.

singlePackage

Optional. Defaults to false. Specifies whether a deploy succeeds even if files that arespecified in package.xml are not in the zip file. Do not use this parameter fordeployment to production organizations.

allowMissingFiles

Optional. Defaults to false. Specifies whether a deploy should continue even if filespresent in the zip file are not specified in package.xml. Do not use this parameter fordeployment to production organizations.

autoUpdatePackage

Optional. Defaults to false. This setting indicates that a deployment should succeedeven if there are warnings (true) or that one or more warnings will cause the deployment

ignoreWarnings

to fail and roll back (false). If there are errors, as opposed to warnings, the deploymentwill always fail and roll back.

Optional. Defaults to true. Indicates whether any failure causes a complete rollback(true) or not (false). If false, whatever set of actions can be performed without

rollbackOnError

errors are performed, and errors are returned for the remaining actions. This parametermust be set to true if you are deploying to a production organization.

Optional. Defaults to false. If set to true, all tests are run after deploy. For deploymentto a production organization, all tests, except for those that originate from installed

runAllTests

managed packages, are automatically run regardless of this argument. If any of these testsfail when the rollbackOnError parameter is set to true, the deployment is rolledback and no changes will be made to your organization.

22

Using the Force.com Migration Tool Deploying Changes to a Salesforce Organization

DescriptionField

Optional child elements. A list of Apex classes containing tests run after deploy. If anyof these tests fail when the rollbackOnError parameter is set to true, the deploymentis rolled back and no changes will be made to your organization.

runTest


trace

Optional. The debug logging level for running tests. The default is None. Valid optionsare:

logType

• None

• Debugonly

• Db

• Profiling

• Callout

• Detail

Note: The Force.com Migration Tool ignores any files or folders with a name starting with a period (.) or endingwith a tilde (~) when deploying files. Some source control systems, such as Subversion, create files or folders withnames starting with a period. These files can cause issues during deployment to Salesforce, so the Force.com MigrationTool ignores them.

The Force.com Migration Tool comes with a sample build.xml file that lists several deployment targets. You will want tocreate your own custom targets using the sample targets as starting points. A description of the sample targets follows:

• deployUnpackaged — deploys unpackaged components specified in the target.

• deployCode — deploys the contents of the codepkg package specified in the target.

• undeployCode — deletes classes and triggers in the removecodepkg directory specified by thedestructiveChanges.xml manifest. This file is similar to package.xml, but lists components to be deleted. Formore information, see Deleting Files from an Organization on page 21.

• deployCodeFailingTest — deploys code that fails testing requirements, strictly for demonstration purposes.

• deployCodeCheckOnly — verifies that deployment will work, but does not deploy any components.

Deploying Components

You can deploy any set of components as a package or into your organization directly in the unpackaged package. The packageused is not determined by the build.xml target, but by the project manifest (package.xml). A sample deployment targetfollows:

<target name="deployUnpackaged"><sf:deploy

username="${sf.username}"password="${sf.password}"serverurl="${sf.serverurl}"deployroot="projectFolder"/>

</target>

23

Using the Force.com Migration Tool Deploying Components

Deploying Code

You can deploy metadata components and Apex at the same time, but you may find it useful to create separate targets fordeploying Apex, so that you can run tests as part of the deployment. A portion of a build.xml file is listed below, with atarget named deployCode that deploys the contents of the codepkg package and runs the tests for one class.

<target name="deployCode"><sf:deploy

username="${sf.username}"password="${sf.password}"serverurl="${sf.serverurl}"deployroot="codepkg">

<runTest>SampleDeployClass</runTest></sf:deploy>

</target>

Note: When deploying to a production organization, all Apex test methods are run automatically. You cannot specifywhich tests to run.

Running Tests in a Deployment

For deployment to a production organization, all the tests in your organization, except for those that originate from installedmanaged packages, are automatically run. If any of the tests fail, the entire deployment will roll back.

There is an exception to this rule if you are deploying components for one or more of the following metadata types:

• ApexComponent

• ApexPage

• Dashboard

• EmailTemplate

• Report

• Scontrol

• StaticResource

If your deployment consists entirely of components for one or more of these metadata types, no tests are run. However, if thedeployment includes components for any other metadata type, all the tests are automatically run.

For example, no tests are run for the following deployments:

• One ApexComponent component

• 100 Report components and 40 Dashboard components

All tests are automatically run for the following deployments:

• One CustomField component

• One ApexComponent component and one ApexClass component

• Five CustomField components and one ApexPage component

• 100 Report components, 40 Dashboard components, and one CustomField component

24

Using the Force.com Migration Tool Deploying Code

Checking the Status of a TaskWhen you run a target, the Force.com Migration Tool outputs the request ID for each deploy or retrieve task included in thetarget. You can use the request ID to check the status of a deploy or retrieve task. This is particularly useful if a client is runningfor a long time and there is a network issue that breaks the connectivity between the Force.com Migration Tool on yourmachine and Salesforce.

To check the status of a run target, use the following command:

ant -Dsf.asyncRequestId=requestID targetName

Use the requestID that was printed out when you ran the target. For example, if you run the deployZip target, you canrun the following command to check the status of the retrieval:

ant -Dsf.asyncRequestId=04sx00000002aGuAAI deployZip

Note: You should not use this command with targets that contain multiple retrieve or deploy tasks. You should notuse this command with the bulkRetrieve task also as this task batches retrievals in multiple requests.

To track the status of deployments from within Salesforce, you can also click Your Name > Setup > Deploy > MonitorDeployments.

25

Using the Force.com Migration Tool Checking the Status of a Task

Chapter 4

Common Migration Issues

There are a number of common issues you may run into when migrating metadata and deploying changes. These issues can begrouped into three categories:

• Metadata — Special considerations for dealing with certain metadata components• Connectivity — Problems connecting to an organization or polling for results• Testing and Code Coverage — Testing Apex before deployment

Common Metadata IssuesThe most common metadata issues are detailed below:

• Retrieving custom fields on standard objects — When you use the wildcard symbol in package.xml, to retrieve all objects,you will not retrieve standard objects, or custom fields on standard objects. To retrieve custom fields on standard objects,see Constructing a Project Manifest on page 9.

• Profiles or permission sets and field-level security — The contents of a retrieved profile or permission set depend on theother contents of the retrieve request. For example, field-level security for fields included in custom objects are returnedat the same time as profiles or permission sets. For more information, see Profile and PermissionSet in the Force.comMetadata API Developer's Guide.

• Understanding packages — Packages are used to bundle related components so they can be shared with multipleorganizations, or distributed on Force.com AppExchange. Managed packages are packages that can be upgraded in theinstaller's organization. They differ from unmanaged packages in that some components are locked, in order to permitupgrades. Metadata components that are not in any package can be accessed with the unpackaged attribute ofsf:retrieve and sf:deploy.

• Workflow — A .workflow file is a container for the individual workflow components associated with an object, includingWorkflowAlert, WorkflowFieldUpdate, WorkflowOutboundMessage, WorkflowRule, and WorkflowTask. To retrieveall workflows, include the following XML in package.xml:

<types><members>*</members><name>Workflow</name>

</types>

• Retrieving or deploying components that depend on an object definition — The following metadata components aredependent on a particular object for their definition: CustomField, Picklist, RecordType, Weblink, andValidationRule. This means you must dot-qualify the component name with the object name in package.xml, andmay not use the wildcard symbol. For more information, see Constructing a Project Manifest on page 9.

• Personal folders — Users' personal folders, for both reports and documents, are not exposed in the Metadata API. Tomigrate reports or documents you must move them to a public folder.

26

http://www.salesforce.com/us/developer/docs/api_meta/index_CSH.htm#meta_profile.htm

http://www.salesforce.com/us/developer/docs/api_meta/index_CSH.htm#meta_permissionset.htm



Connection ProblemsThe most common connection problems are detailed below:

• Request timed out — When you retrieve or deploy metadata, the request is sent asynchronously, meaning that the responseis not returned immediately. Because these calls are asynchronous, the server will process a deploy() to completion evenif the Force.com Migration Tool times out. If the deploy succeeds, the changes will be committed to the server. If thedeploy fails after timing out, there is no way to retrieve the error message from the server. For this reason, it is importantto tune your pollWaitMillis and maxPoll parameters if you receive time-out errors:

◊ pollWaitMillis — The number of milliseconds to wait between polls for retrieve/deploy results. The default valueis 10000 milliseconds (ten seconds). For long-running processes, increase this number to reduce the total number ofpolling requests, which count against your daily API limits.

◊ maxPoll — The number of polling attempts to be performed before aborting. The default value is 20. When combinedwith the default value of pollWaitMillis (10000), this means the Force.com Migration Tool will give the serverprocess a total of 200 seconds (20 poll attempts, waiting 10 seconds between them) to complete before timing out.

Note: Since these parameters have default values, they do not have to be specified, and may not exist on yournamed targets. To add these parameters, include them in the target definition. For example:

<sf:retrieveusername="${sf.username}"password="${sf.password}"serverurl="${sf.serverurl}"retrieveTarget="retrieveUnpackaged"

. unpackaged="unpackaged/package.xml"pollWaitMillis="10000"maxPoll="100"/>

• Invalid username, password, security token; or user locked out - This error indicates a problem with the credentials inbuild.properties:

◊ Username — Verify that your username is correct on this account. When connecting to a sandbox instance your sandboxname is appended to your username. For example, if your production username is [email protected], and oneof your sandboxes is called bar, then your sandbox username is [email protected].

◊ Password — Verify that your password is correct for this account. Note that you security token is appended to the endof your pasword.

◊ Security token — The security token is a 25-digit string appended to your password. To reset your security token, clickYour Name > Setup > My Personal Information > Reset Security Token, and click Reset Security Token.

◊ Locked out — If you unsuccessfully attempt to log into an organization too many times, you may be temporarily lockedout. The number of times you may fail to connect and the lockout duration depend on your organization settings.Either contact your administrator to have the lock removed, or wait until the lockout period expires.

◊ Connection mismatch between sandbox and production — If all of your connection credentials in build.propertiesare correct, you may have a URL mismatch. The server URL is different for sandbox and production environments.In build.properties, the sf.serverurl value for production is https://login.salesforce.com. Forsandbox environments, the value is https://test.salesforce.com.

• Proxy settings — If you connect through a proxy, you will need to follow the Ant Proxy Configuration instructions.

27

Common Migration Issues Connection Problems

http://ant.apache.org/manual/proxy.html

Testing in ApexWhen deploying to a production organization, every unit test in your organization namespace is executed. Before you deployApex, the following must be true:

• 75% of your Apex code must be covered by unit tests, and all of those tests must complete successfully.

Note the following:

◊ When deploying to a production organization, every unit test in your organization namespace is executed.

◊ Calls to System.debug are not counted as part of Apex code coverage.

◊ Test methods and test classes are not counted as part of Apex code coverage.

◊ While only 75% of your Apex code must be covered by tests, your focus shouldn't be on the percentage of code that iscovered. Instead, you should make sure that every use case of your application is covered, including positive and negativecases, as well as bulk and single record. This should lead to 75% or more of your code being covered by unit tests.

• Every trigger has some test coverage.

• All classes and triggers compile successfully.

Salesforce.com recommends that you write tests for the following:

Single action

Test to verify that a single record produces the correct, expected result.

Bulk actions

Any Apex code, whether a trigger, a class or an extension, may be invoked for 1 to 200 records. You must test not onlythe single record case, but the bulk cases as well.

Positive behavior

Test to verify that the expected behavior occurs through every expected permutation, that is, that the user filled outeverything correctly and did not go past the limits.

Negative behavior

There are likely limits to your applications, such as not being able to add a future date, not being able to specify a negativeamount, and so on. You must test for the negative case and verify that the error messages are correctly produced as wellas for the positive, within the limits cases.

Restricted user

Test whether a user with restricted access to the sObjects used in your code sees the expected behavior. That is, whetherthey can run the code or receive error messages.

Note: Conditional and ternary operators are not considered executed unless both the positive and negative branchesare executed.

For more information, see “Understanding Testing in Apex” in the Force.com Apex Code Developer's Guide.

28

Common Migration Issues Testing in Apex

http://www.salesforce.com/us/developer/docs/apexcode/index_Left.htm#StartTopic=Content/apex_testing_intro.htm

Glossary

A |B |C |D |E |F |G |H |I |J |K |L |M |N |O |P |Q |R |S |T |U |V |W |X |Y |Z

AApex

Apex is a strongly typed, object-oriented programming language that allows developers to execute flow and transactioncontrol statements on the Force.com platform server in conjunction with calls to the Force.com API. Using syntax thatlooks like Java and acts like database stored procedures, Apex enables developers to add business logic to most systemevents, including button clicks, related record updates, and Visualforce pages. Apex code can be initiated by Web servicerequests and from triggers on objects.

Apex-Managed SharingEnables developers to programmatically manipulate sharing to support their application’s behavior. Apex-managed sharingis only available for custom objects.

AppShort for “application.” A collection of components such as tabs, reports, dashboards, and Visualforce pages that addressa specific business need. Salesforce provides standard apps such as Sales and Call Center. You can customize the standardapps to match the way you work. In addition, you can package an app and upload it to the AppExchange along withrelated components such as custom fields, custom tabs, and custom objects. Then, you can make the app available to otherSalesforce users from the AppExchange.

AppExchangeThe AppExchange is a sharing interface from salesforce.com that allows you to browse and share apps and services forthe Force.com platform.

AppExchange UpgradesUpgrading an app is the process of installing a newer version.

Application Programming Interface (API)The interface that a computer system, library, or application provides to allow other computer programs to request servicesfrom it and exchange data.

Asynchronous CallsA call that does not return results immediately because the operation may take a long time. Calls in the Metadata APIand Bulk API are asynchronous.

29

BBoolean Operators

You can use Boolean operators in report filters to specify the logical relationship between two values. For example, theAND operator between two values yields search results that include both values. Likewise, the OR operator between twovalues yields search results that include either value.

Bulk APIThe REST-based Bulk API is optimized for processing large sets of data. It allows you to query, insert, update, upsert,or delete a large number of records asynchronously by submitting a number of batches which are processed in the backgroundby Salesforce. See also SOAP API.

CClass, Apex

A template or blueprint from which Apex objects are created. Classes consist of other classes, user-defined methods,variables, exception types, and static initialization code. In most cases, Apex classes are modeled on their counterparts inJava.

Client AppAn app that runs outside the Salesforce user interface and uses only the Force.com API or Bulk API. It typically runs ona desktop or mobile device. These apps treat the platform as a data source, using the development model of whatever tooland platform for which they are designed.

Component, MetadataA component is an instance of a metadata type in the Metadata API. For example, CustomObject is a metadata type forcustom objects, and the MyCustomObject__c component is an instance of a custom object. A component is describedin an XML file and it can be deployed or retrieved using the Metadata API, or tools built on top of it, such as the Force.comIDE or the Force.com Migration Tool.

Component, VisualforceSomething that can be added to a Visualforce page with a set of tags, for example, <apex:detail>. Visualforce includesa number of standard components, or you can create your own custom components.

Component Reference, VisualforceA description of the standard and custom Visualforce components that are available in your organization. You can accessthe component library from the development footer of any Visualforce page or the Visualforce Developer's Guide.

Controller, VisualforceAn Apex class that provides a Visualforce page with the data and business logic it needs to run. Visualforce pages can usethe standard controllers that come by default with every standard or custom object, or they can use custom controllers.

Controlling FieldAny standard or custom picklist or checkbox field whose values control the available values in one or more correspondingdependent fields.

Custom AppSee App.

Custom FieldA field that can be added in addition to the standard fields to customize Salesforce for your organization’s needs.

30

Glossary

Custom HelpCustom text administrators create to provide users with on-screen information specific to a standard field, custom field,or custom object.

Custom LinksCustom links are URLs defined by administrators to integrate your Salesforce data with external websites and back-officesystems. Formerly known as Web links.

Custom ObjectCustom records that allow you to store information unique to your organization.

Custom S-Control

Note: S-controls have been superseded by Visualforce pages. After March 2010 organizations that have nevercreated s-controls, as well as new organizations, won't be allowed to create them. Existing s-controls will remainunaffected, and can still be edited.

Custom Web content for use in custom links. Custom s-controls can contain any type of content that you can display ina browser, for example a Java applet, an Active-X control, an Excel file, or a custom HTML Web form.

DDatabase

An organized collection of information. The underlying architecture of the Force.com platform includes a database whereyour data is stored.

Database TableA list of information, presented with rows and columns, about the person, thing, or concept you want to track. See alsoObject.

Data Manipulation Language (DML)An Apex method or operation that inserts, updates, or deletes records from the Force.com platform database.

Decimal PlacesParameter for number, currency, and percent custom fields that indicates the total number of digits you can enter to theright of a decimal point, for example, 4.98 for an entry of 2. Note that the system rounds the decimal numbers you enter,if necessary. For example, if you enter 4.986 in a field with Decimal Places of 2, the number rounds to 4.99. Salesforceuses the round half-up rounding algorithm. Half-way values are always rounded up. For example, 1.45 is rounded to 1.5.–1.45 is rounded to –1.5.

Dependent FieldAny custom picklist or multi-select picklist field that displays available values based on the value selected in its correspondingcontrolling field.

Developer EditionA free, fully-functional Salesforce organization designed for developers to extend, integrate, and develop with the Force.complatform. Developer Edition accounts are available on developer.force.com.

Developer ForceThe Developer Force website at developer.force.com provides a full range of resources for platform developers, includingsample code, toolkits, an online developer community, and the ability to obtain limited Force.com platform environments.

31

Glossary

http://developer.force.com

http://developer.force.com

Document LibraryA place to store documents without attaching them to accounts, contacts, opportunities, or other records.

EEmail Alert

Email alerts are workflow and approval actions that are generated using an email template by a workflow rule or approvalprocess and sent to designated recipients, either Salesforce users or others.

Email TemplateA form email that communicates a standard message, such as a welcome letter to new employees or an acknowledgementthat a customer service request has been received. Email templates can be personalized with merge fields, and can bewritten in text, HTML, or custom format.

Enterprise EditionA Salesforce edition designed for larger, more complex businesses.

Enterprise WSDLA strongly-typed WSDL for customers who want to build an integration with their Salesforce organization only, or forpartners who are using tools like Tibco or webMethods to build integrations that require strong typecasting. The downsideof the Enterprise WSDL is that it only works with the schema of a single Salesforce organization because it is bound toall of the unique objects and fields that exist in that organization's data model.

Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)A data modeling tool that helps you organize your data into entities (or objects, as they are called in the Force.com platform)and define the relationships between them. ERD diagrams for key Salesforce objects are published in the SOAP APIDeveloper's Guide.

Enumeration FieldAn enumeration is the WSDL equivalent of a picklist field. The valid values of the field are restricted to a strict set ofpossible values, all having the same data type.

FField

A part of an object that holds a specific piece of information, such as a text or currency value.

Field-Level SecuritySettings that determine whether fields are hidden, visible, read only, or editable for users. Available in Enterprise, Unlimited,and Developer Editions only.

Filter Condition/CriteriaCondition on particular fields that qualifies items to be included in a list view or report, such as “State equals California.”

Force.comThe salesforce.com platform for building applications in the cloud. Force.com combines a powerful user interface, operatingsystem, and database to allow you to customize and deploy applications in the cloud for your entire enterprise.

Force.com IDEAn Eclipse plug-in that allows developers to manage, author, debug and deploy Force.com applications in the Eclipsedevelopment environment.

32

Glossary

Force.com Migration ToolA toolkit that allows you to write an Apache Ant build script for migrating Force.com components between a local filesystem and a Salesforce organization.

Foreign keyA field whose value is the same as the primary key of another table. You can think of a foreign key as a copy of a primarykey from another table. A relationship is made between two tables by matching the values of the foreign key in one tablewith the values of the primary key in another.

Formula FieldA type of custom field. Formula fields automatically calculate their values based on the values of merge fields, expressions,or other values.

FunctionBuilt-in formulas that you can customize with input parameters. For example, the DATE function creates a date fieldtype from a given year, month, and day.

GGregorian Year

A calendar based on a twelve month structure used throughout much of the world.

HHTTP Debugger

An application that can be used to identify and inspect SOAP requests that are sent from the AJAX Toolkit. They behaveas proxy servers running on your local machine and allow you to inspect and author individual requests.

IID

See Salesforce Record ID.

Inline S-Control


An s-control that displays within a record detail page or dashboard, rather than on its own page.

InstanceThe cluster of software and hardware represented as a single logical server that hosts an organization's data and runs theirapplications. The Force.com platform runs on multiple instances, but data for any single organization is always consolidatedon a single instance.

Integration UserA Salesforce user defined solely for client apps or integrations. Also referred to as the logged-in user in a SOAP APIcontext.

ISO CodeThe International Organization for Standardization country code, which represents each country by two letters.

33

Glossary

JJunction Object

A custom object with two master-detail relationships. Using a custom junction object, you can model a “many-to-many”relationship between two objects. For example, you may have a custom object called “Bug” that relates to the standardcase object such that a bug could be related to multiple cases and a case could also be related to multiple bugs.

KNo Glossary items for this entry.

LLicense Management Application (LMA)

A free AppExchange app that allows you to track sales leads and accounts for every user who downloads your managedpackage (app) from the AppExchange.

License Management Organization (LMO)The Salesforce organization that you use to track all the Salesforce users who install your package. A license managementorganization must have the License Management Application (LMA) installed. It automatically receives notification everytime your package is installed or uninstalled so that you can easily notify users of upgrades. You can specify any Enterprise,Unlimited, or Developer Edition organization as your license management organization. For more information, go tohttp://www.salesforce.com/docs/en/lma/index.htm.

List ViewA list display of items (for example, accounts or contacts) based on specific criteria. Salesforce provides some predefinedviews.

In the Console tab, the list view is the top frame that displays a list view of records based on specific criteria. The list viewsyou can select to display in the console are the same list views defined on the tabs of other objects. You cannot create alist view within the console.

Local ProjectA .zip file containing a project manifest (package.xml file) and one or more metadata components.

LocaleThe country or geographic region in which the user is located. The setting affects the format of date and number fields,for example, dates in the English (United States) locale display as 06/30/2000 and as 30/06/2000 in the English (UnitedKingdom) locale.

In Professional, Enterprise, Unlimited, and Developer Edition organizations, a user’s individual Locale setting overridesthe organization’s Default Locale setting. In Personal and Group Editions, the organization-level locale field is calledLocale, not Default Locale.

Logged-in UserIn a SOAP API context, the username used to log into Salesforce. Client applications run with the permissions andsharing of the logged-in user. Also referred to as an integration user.

Lookup FieldA type of field that contains a linkable value to another record. You can display lookup fields on page layouts where theobject has a lookup or master-detail relationship with another object. For example, cases have a lookup relationship withassets that allows users to select an asset using a lookup dialog from the case edit page and click the name of the asset fromthe case detail page.

34

Glossary

http://www.salesforce.com/docs/en/lma/index.htm

MManaged Package

A collection of application components that is posted as a unit on the AppExchange and associated with a namespace andpossibly a License Management Organization. To support upgrades, a package must be managed. An organization cancreate a single managed package that can be downloaded and installed by many different organizations. Managed packagesdiffer from unmanaged packages by having some locked components, allowing the managed package to be upgraded later.Unmanaged packages do not include locked components and cannot be upgraded. In addition, managed packages obfuscatecertain components (like Apex) on subscribing organizations to protect the intellectual property of the developer.

Manifest FileThe project manifest file (package.xml) lists the XML components to retrieve or deploy when working with the MetadataAPI, or clients built on top of the Metadata API, such as the Force.com IDE or the Force.com Migration Tool.

Manual SharingRecord-level access rules that allow record owners to give read and edit permissions to other users who might not haveaccess to the record any other way.

Many-to-Many RelationshipA relationship where each side of the relationship can have many children on the other side. Many-to-many relationshipsare implemented through the use of junction objects.

Master-Detail RelationshipA relationship between two different types of records that associates the records with each other. For example, accountshave a master-detail relationship with opportunities. This type of relationship affects record deletion, security, and makesthe lookup relationship field required on the page layout.

MetadataInformation about the structure, appearance, and functionality of an organization and any of its parts. Force.com usesXML to describe metadata.

Metadata WSDLA WSDL for users who want to use the Force.com Metadata API calls.

MultitenancyAn application model where all users and apps share a single, common infrastructure and code base.

NNamespace

In a packaging context, a one- to 15-character alphanumeric identifier that distinguishes your package and its contentsfrom packages of other developers onAppExchange, similar to a domain name. Salesforce automatically prepends yournamespace prefix, followed by two underscores (“__”), to all unique component names in your Salesforce organization.

Native AppAn app that is built exclusively with setup (metadata) configuration on Force.com. Native apps do not require any externalservices or infrastructure.

OObject

An object allows you to store information in your Salesforce organization. The object is the overall definition of the typeof information you are storing. For example, the case object allow you to store information regarding customer inquiries.

35

Glossary

For each object, your organization will have multiple records that store the information about specific instances of thattype of data. For example, you might have a case record to store the information about Joe Smith's training inquiry andanother case record to store the information about Mary Johnson's configuration issue.

Object-Level HelpCustom help text that you can provide for any custom object. It displays on custom object record home (overview), detail,and edit pages, as well as list views and related lists.

Object-Level SecuritySettings that allow an administrator to hide whole objects from users so that they don't know that type of data exists.Object-level security is specified with object permissions.

onClick JavaScriptJavaScript code that executes when a button or link is clicked.

One-to-Many RelationshipA relationship in which a single object is related to many other objects. For example, an account may have one or morerelated contacts.

Organization-Wide DefaultsSettings that allow you to specify the baseline level of data access that a user has in your organization. For example, youcan set organization-wide defaults so that any user can see any record of a particular object that is enabled via their objectpermissions, but they need extra permissions to edit one.

Outbound MessageAn outbound message is a workflow, approval, or milestone action that sends the information you specify to an endpointyou designate, such as an external service. An outbound message sends the data in the specified fields in the form of aSOAP message to the endpoint. Outbound messaging is configured in the Salesforce setup menu. Then you must configurethe external endpoint. You can create a listener for the messages using the SOAP API.

OverlayAn overlay displays additional information when you hover your mouse over certain user interface elements. Dependingon the overlay, it will close when you move your mouse away, click outside of the overlay, or click a close button.

OwnerIndividual user to which a record (for example, a contact or case) is assigned.

PPackage

A group of Force.com components and applications that are made available to other organizations through theAppExchange. You use packages to bundle an app along with any related components so that you can upload them toAppExchange together.

Partner WSDLA loosely-typed WSDL for customers, partners, and ISVs who want to build an integration or an AppExchange app thatcan work across multiple Salesforce organizations. With this WSDL, the developer is responsible for marshaling data inthe correct object representation, which typically involves editing the XML. However, the developer is also freed frombeing dependent on any particular data model or Salesforce organization. Contrast this with the Enterprise WSDL, whichis strongly typed.

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Glossary

PicklistSelection list of options available for specific fields in a Salesforce object, for example, the Industry field for accounts.Users can choose a single value from a list of options rather than make an entry directly in the field. See also MasterPicklist.

Picklist (Multi-Select)Selection list of options available for specific fields in a Salesforce object. Multi-select picklists allow users to choose oneor more values. Users can choose a value by double clicking on it, or choose additional values from a scrolling list by holdingdown the CTRL key while clicking a value and using the arrow icon to move them to the selected box.

Picklist ValuesSelections displayed in drop-down lists for particular fields. Some values come predefined, and other values can be changedor defined by an administrator.

Primary KeyA relational database concept. Each table in a relational database has a field in which the data value uniquely identifiesthe record. This field is called the primary key. The relationship is made between two tables by matching the values ofthe foreign key in one table with the values of the primary key in another.

Production OrganizationA Salesforce organization that has live users accessing data.

Professional EditionA Salesforce edition designed for businesses who need full-featured CRM functionality.

QQueue

A holding area for items before they are processed. Salesforce uses queues in a number of different features and technologies.

Query String ParameterA name-value pair that's included in a URL, typically after a '?' character. For example:

http://na1.salesforce.com/001/e?name=value

RRecord

A single instance of a Salesforce object. For example, “John Jones” might be the name of a contact record.

Record NameA standard field on all Salesforce objects. Whenever a record name is displayed in a Force.com application, the value isrepresented as a link to a detail view of the record. A record name can be either free-form text or an autonumber field.Record Name does not have to be a unique value.

Record TypeA record type is a field available for certain records that can include some or all of the standard and custom picklist valuesfor that record. You can associate record types with profiles to make only the included picklist values available to userswith that profile.

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Glossary

Record-Level SecurityA method of controlling data in which you can allow a particular user to view and edit an object, but then restrict therecords that the user is allowed to see.

Recycle BinA page that lets you view and restore deleted information. Access the Recycle Bin by using the link in the sidebar.

Related ObjectObjects chosen by an administrator to display in the Console tab's mini view when records of a particular type are shownin the console's detail view. For example, when a case is in the detail view, an administrator can choose to display anassociated account, contact, or asset in the mini view.

RelationshipA connection between two objects, used to create related lists in page layouts and detail levels in reports. Matching valuesin a specified field in both objects are used to link related data; for example, if one object stores data about companies andanother object stores data about people, a relationship allows you to find out which people work at the company.

Relationship QueryIn a SOQL context, a query that traverses the relationships between objects to identify and return results. Parent-to-childand child-to-parent syntax differs in SOQL queries.

Report TypeA report type defines the set of records and fields available to a report based on the relationships between a primary objectand its related objects. Reports display only records that meet the criteria defined in the report type. Salesforce providesa set of pre-defined standard report types; administrators can create custom report types as well.

Role HierarchyA record-level security setting that defines different levels of users such that users at higher levels can view and editinformation owned by or shared with users beneath them in the role hierarchy, regardless of the organization-wide sharingmodel settings.

Roll-Up Summary FieldA field type that automatically provides aggregate values from child records in a master-detail relationship.

SSaaS

See Software as a Service (SaaS).

S-Control


Custom Web content for use in custom links. Custom s-controls can contain any type of content that you can display ina browser, for example a Java applet, an Active-X control, an Excel file, or a custom HTML Web form.

Salesforce SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture)A powerful capability of Force.com that allows you to make calls to external Web services from within Apex.

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Glossary

Sandbox OrganizationA nearly identical copy of a Salesforce production organization. You can create multiple sandboxes in separate environmentsfor a variety of purposes, such as testing and training, without compromising the data and applications in your productionenvironment.

Search LayoutThe organization of fields included in search results, in lookup dialogs, and in the key lists on tab home pages.

Session IDAn authentication token that is returned when a user successfully logs in to Salesforce. The Session ID prevents a userfrom having to log in again every time he or she wants to perform another action in Salesforce. Different from a recordID or Salesforce ID, which are terms for the unique ID of a Salesforce record.

Session TimeoutThe period of time after login before a user is automatically logged out. Sessions expire automatically after a predeterminedlength of inactivity, which can be configured in Salesforce by clicking Your Name > Setup > Security Controls. Thedefault is 120 minutes (two hours). The inactivity timer is reset to zero if a user takes an action in the Web interface ormakes an API call.

SetupAn administration area where you can customize and define Force.com applications. Access Setup through the YourName > Setup link at the top of Salesforce pages.

SharingAllowing other users to view or edit information you own. There are different ways to share data:

• Sharing Model—defines the default organization-wide access levels that users have to each other’s information andwhether to use the hierarchies when determining access to data.

• Role Hierarchy—defines different levels of users such that users at higher levels can view and edit information ownedby or shared with users beneath them in the role hierarchy, regardless of the organization-wide sharing model settings.

• Sharing Rules—allow an administrator to specify that all information created by users within a given group or role isautomatically shared to the members of another group or role.

• Manual Sharing—allows individual users to share records with other users or groups.• Apex-Managed Sharing—enables developers to programmatically manipulate sharing to support their application’s

behavior. See Apex-Managed Sharing.

Sharing ModelBehavior defined by your administrator that determines default access by users to different types of records.

Sharing RuleType of default sharing created by administrators. Allows users in a specified group or role to have access to all informationcreated by users within a given group or role.

SitesForce.com Sites enables you to create public websites and applications that are directly integrated with your Salesforceorganization—without requiring users to log in with a username and password.

Snippet


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Glossary

A type of s-control that is designed to be included in other s-controls. Similar to a helper method that is used by othermethods in a piece of code, a snippet allows you to maintain a single copy of HTML or JavaScript that you can reuse inmultiple s-controls.

SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)A protocol that defines a uniform way of passing XML-encoded data.

Software as a Service (SaaS)A delivery model where a software application is hosted as a service and provided to customers via the Internet. The SaaSvendor takes responsibility for the daily maintenance, operation, and support of the application and each customer's data.The service alleviates the need for customers to install, configure, and maintain applications with their own hardware,software, and related IT resources. Services can be delivered using the SaaS model to any market segment.

SOQL (Salesforce Object Query Language)A query language that allows you to construct simple but powerful query strings and to specify the criteria that should beused to select data from the Force.com database.

SOSL (Salesforce Object Search Language)A query language that allows you to perform text-based searches using the Force.com API.

Standard ObjectA built-in object included with the Force.com platform. You can also build custom objects to store information that isunique to your app.

System LogPart of the Developer Console, a separate window console that can be used for debugging code snippets. Enter the codeyou want to test at the bottom of the window and click Execute. The body of the System Log displays system resourceinformation, such as how long a line took to execute or how many database calls were made. If the code did not run tocompletion, the console also displays debugging information.

TTest Method

An Apex class method that verifies whether a particular piece of code is working properly. Test methods take no arguments,commit no data to the database, and can be executed by the runTests() system method either through the commandline or in an Apex IDE, such as the Force.com IDE.

Translation WorkbenchThe Translation Workbench lets you specify languages you want to translate, assign translators to languages, createtranslations for customizations you’ve made to your Salesforce organization, and override labels and translations frommanaged packages. Everything from custom picklist values to custom fields can be translated so your global users can useall of Salesforce in their language.

TriggerA piece of Apex that executes before or after records of a particular type are inserted, updated, or deleted from the database.Every trigger runs with a set of context variables that provide access to the records that caused the trigger to fire, and alltriggers run in bulk mode—that is, they process several records at once, rather than just one record at a time.

Trigger Context VariableDefault variables that provide access to information about the trigger and the records that caused it to fire.

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Glossary

UUnit Test

A unit is the smallest testable part of an application, usually a method. A unit test operates on that piece of code to makesure it works correctly. See also Test Method.

Unlimited EditionUnlimited Edition is salesforce.com's flagship solution for maximizing CRM success and extending that success acrossthe entire enterprise through the Force.com platform.

Unmanaged PackageA package that cannot be upgraded or controlled by its developer.

URL (Uniform Resource Locator)The global address of a website, document, or other resource on the Internet. For example, http://www.salesforce.com.

URL S-Control


An s-control that contains an external URL that hosts the HTML that should be rendered on a page. When saved thisway, the HTML is hosted and run by an external website. URL s-controls are also called Web controls.

VValidation Rule

A rule that prevents a record from being saved if it does not meet the standards that are specified.

VisualforceA simple, tag-based markup language that allows developers to easily define custom pages and components for apps builton the platform. Each tag corresponds to a coarse or fine-grained component, such as a section of a page, a related list,or a field. The components can either be controlled by the same logic that is used in standard Salesforce pages, or developerscan associate their own logic with a controller written in Apex.

WWeb Control

See URL S-Control.

Web LinksSee Custom Links.

Web ServiceA mechanism by which two applications can easily exchange data over the Internet, even if they run on different platforms,are written in different languages, or are geographically remote from each other.

WebService MethodAn Apex class method or variable that can be used by external systems, like a mash-up with a third-party application.Web service methods must be defined in a global class.

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Glossary

Web Services APIA Web services application programming interface that provides access to your Salesforce organization's information. Seealso SOAP API and Bulk API.

Web TabA custom tab that allows your users to use external websites from within the application.

Workflow ActionA workflow action is an email alert, field update, outbound message, or task that fires when the conditions of a workflowrule are met.

Workflow Email AlertA workflow action that sends an email when a workflow rule is triggered. Unlike workflow tasks, which can only beassigned to application users, workflow alerts can be sent to any user or contact, as long as they have a valid email address.

Workflow Field UpdateA workflow action that changes the value of a particular field on a record when a workflow rule is triggered.

Workflow Outbound MessageA workflow action that sends data to an external Web service, such as another cloud computing application. Outboundmessages are used primarily with composite apps.

Workflow QueueA list of workflow actions that are scheduled to fire based on workflow rules that have one or more time-dependentworkflow actions.

Workflow RuleA workflow rule sets workflow actions into motion when its designated conditions are met. You can configure workflowactions to execute immediately when a record meets the conditions in your workflow rule, or set time triggers that executethe workflow actions on a specific day.

Workflow TaskA workflow action that assigns a task to an application user when a workflow rule is triggered.

WSDL (Web Services Description Language) FileAn XML file that describes the format of messages you send and receive from a Web service. Your developmentenvironment's SOAP client uses the Salesforce Enterprise WSDL or Partner WSDL to communicate with Salesforceusing the SOAP API.

XXML (Extensible Markup Language)

A markup language that enables the sharing and transportation of structured data. All Force.com components that areretrieved or deployed through the Metadata API are represented by XML definitions.

YNo Glossary items for this entry.

ZZip File

A data compression and archive format.

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Glossary

A collection of files retrieved or deployed by the Metadata API. See also Local Project.

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Glossary

Index

A

ant-salesforce.jar file 6ApexClass component 9ApexComponent component 9ApexPage component 9ApexTrigger component 9

B

build.properties file 8build.xml 18

C

checking status 25code coverage 26code, deploying 21common deployment problems 26connection problems 26CustomApplication component 9CustomField component 9CustomObject component 9CustomPageWebLink component 9CustomTab component 9

D

DaaS 3deleting components 21deploy call

running tests 24deploy targets 18deploying changes 21deploying code 21deploying metadata 26describeMetadata 15–16destructiveChanges.xml file 21Document component 9

E

editing metadata 21EmailTemplate component 9

F

Folder component 9Force.com Migration Tool

checking status 25connecting 8deploying 21downloading 6editing metadata 21prerequisites 5retrieving metadata 20using 8

H

helper targetsdescribeMetadata 16listMetadata 16

HomePageComponent component 9HomePageLayout component 9

I

installation overview 5

L

Layout component 9Letterhead component 9listMetadata 15–16

M

managed packages 3manifest file 9maxPoll parameter 26metadata

deploying 8, 26editing 21retrieving 20

metadata component types 9

N

named packages 3

P

package.xmlconstructing 15–16

package.xml file 9, 21Picklist component 9pollWaitMillis parameter 26prerequisites for Force.com Migration Tool 5Profile component 9project manifest 9proxy settings 26

R

Readme.html file 6RecordType component 9retrieve targets 18retrieving metadata 20

S

Scontrol component 9security token 26sf.password 8sf.serverurl 8sf.username 8StaticResource component 9

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Index

T

targets for deploy and retrieve 18

U

unpackaged package 3

V

ValidationRule component 9Visualforce page component 9

W

WebLink component 9wildcard symbol in package.xml 9Workflow component 9

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Index

Salesforce Migration Guide

Documents

Transcript of Salesforce Migration Guide