The Fifty First Dragon By Heywood Broun. Vocabulary Words & Definitions.
Sahel & North Africa Vocabulary Terms are in green. Definitions of.
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Sahel & North Africa
Vocabulary
http://messengerandadvocate.files.wordpress.com/2007/04/west-africa-ghana-mission.jpg
Terms are in green.
Definitions of the terms are in boxes.
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1. export
There are many
ways to export
products.
http://www.starfireusa.com/CMSUploads/ExportServices2.JPG
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To export a product, a
country needs a
way to send it out of the country.
http://www.chinasignpost.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/sudan-map-21.jpg
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1. export: send something out of the country to sell
http://www.auguricom.com/Import--and--Export.php
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2. import: bring things INTO your country from outside
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3. developing country
But most African countries are still
developing countries.
The U.S. is already a developed country.
http://www.fullpassport.com/Trip2001/Images11/timsuburb.jpg
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Developing countries may be VERY poor, or they may be a mix
of modern and poor.
http://media.photobucket.com/image/sao%20paulo%20poverty%20wealth/wishbone98/Sao_Paulo.jpg
http://www.dictatorshipwatch.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/poverty_children.jpg
BrazilPakistan
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3. developing country: has very limited industry & technology and
often poor
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4. developed country
Other examples of developed countries
are Japan and France.
The U.S. is already a developed country.
http://fc05.deviantart.net/fs71/f/2010/242/b/c/tokyo_skyline_2_by_freddy13131-d2xnqnk.jpg
Tokyo, Japan
Paris, Francehttp://d2f29brjr0xbt3.cloudfront.net/270_skyline/newyorkskyline.jpg
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4. developed countries: have lots of technology and are usually wealthy
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5. landlocked
http://www.harpercollege.edu/~mhealy/g101t/studygd/unit2/samer/smclosed.gif
There are only 2 landlocked countries in South America, but there are many in Europe.
http://d-maps.com/m/europemin/europemin09.gif
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5. landlocked: a country that does not border the sea
http://www.mapsofworld.com/africa/thematic/maps/africa-landlocked-countries.jpg
Landlocked countries better get along with
their neighbors if they want to
export things by sea!
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6. subsistence farming
Subsistence farms are small.
They don’t usually have extra to sell for profit.
There are many subsistence farmers in developing countries.
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6. Subsistence farming produces just enough food to help feed the farmer’s
own family.
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7. drought
Deforestation can make droughts
more severe.
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7. drought: a time with very little rainfall.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/photographerglen/963960046/
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8. erosion
Deforestation leaves the soil with no trees and tree roots to protect it. This leads to
serious erosion.
http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Erosion
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Deforestation and erosion leave the soil less able to absorb rainwater. So flooding
is more common during heavy rain.
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Erosion by the Colorado River
formed the Grand Canyon.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/67307569@N00/2616398736/
8. erosion: the process of soil or rock being washed away
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http://www.syngentafoundation.org/images/sahel_zone.gif
9. Sahel
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It looks like this. . .
http://www.eduspace.esa.int/Background/images/Sahel1.jpe
http://www.eduspace.esa.int/Background/images/Sahel2.jpg
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http://www.cesbio.ups-tlse.fr/data_all/images/sahel23.gif
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http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/893/45020643.JPG
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9. Sahel: the dry grassland on the south edge of the Sahara Desert
http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/41074000/gif/_41074256_africa_sahel_map203.gif
Sahara Desert
Sahel
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The Sahel has a
shortage of arable
land.
http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7251/7838744884_5a9323efa9_z.jpg
10. arable
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10. arable: land good for farming
http://www.fernleighfarms.com/images/rows_green.jpg
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http://www.eduspace.esa.int/Background/images/Sahel1.jpe
11. overgrazeWhen animals graze too long in one
area, they strip the leaves off trees and tear plants up by the roots.
This permanently kills plants and trees.
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11. overgraze: letting herds eat too much in one area, permanently
damaging plants
http://geographyfieldwork.com/soiler12_small.jpg
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12. slash-and-burnThis is a traditional way of clearing land for
subsistence farmers – worldwide.
http://www.listentoafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/web430-GW-G9-15NOV09-036.jpg
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In an area with low population density, this works well.
http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/786/586368.JPG
They farm the land, let it grow back for many years, and eventually re-cut it.
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http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/786/586368.JPG
But in modern times, high population density means they can’t
wait to let the trees grow back.
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They just keep using the land – over and over – until it is no longer fertile, then
abandon it to erosion.
http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/786/586368.JPG
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Slash-and-burn farming often
leads to serious soil erosion
http://photos.mongabay.com/06/1125marojejy.jpg
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and deforestation.
http://www.wtamu.edu/~crobinson/Erosion/erosion7.jpg
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12. slash-and-burn: cutting down trees and bushes & burning it to get
ready to farm
http://www.plexuseco.com/EPOW/EPOW-Archive/archive_2006/EPOW-060515_files/5648%20Congo%20Basin%20shift%20cultivn.jpg
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13. desertificationOvergrazing, slash-and-burn farming, and
drought can all cause desertification.
http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/769/551267.JPG
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Deforestation
Desertification
Healthy Land
http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/769/588782.JPG
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13. desertification: the process of land becoming desert
http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/geog101/textbook/images/lithosphere/eolian/desertification_africa_fao_11638.jpg
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http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/~carolm/vietnampics/Reforestation_centralhighlands2.JPG
14. reforestation
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In Benin, these farmers plant trees to use just for firewood and fencing.
That saves the natural growth trees.
http://www.opecfund.org/about/images/sustainable_development_4_0001.jpg
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What has happened between the 1975 satellite image and the one from 2005?
http://conservationmagazine.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Sahel-Satellite-sm.jpg
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14. reforestation: replanting trees that have been destroyed by deforestation
http://www.africanimpact.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Token-picture-lr.jpg
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15. crop rotation
GRAINS
http://moofafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/crop-rotation.png
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Planting the same crop in the same field every year takes the same
nutrients out of the soil every year.
http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2636/3703600484_bcea1c578a_z.jpg
http://ts4.mm.bing.net/th?id=H.5054194074518695&pid=15.1
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1 43
2
Crop rotation fixes that, since you rotate your planting – different crops in
different fields – each year.
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15. crop rotation: planting different crops in different years to keep the
soil arable
http://www.bestgardening.com/bgc/images/rotation4year01.gif
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Sahel & North Africa vocabulary
• Sahel
• arable
• overgraze
• slash-and-burn
• desertification
• reforestation
• crop rotation
• export
• import
• developed
• developing
• landlocked
• subsistence farming
• drought
• erosion