Saftey 1

An overview of Laboratory Safety

An overview of Laboratory Safety

Biosafety Dr. John Ridderhof

Chief, Office of Laboratory Systems DevelopmentDivision of Laboratory Systems/PHPPO

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Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline

• Definitions• General Safety Practices• Laboratory Hazards

Biosafety Levels• Decontamination• Waste Disposal• Safety Documentation• Action Plan for Safety

• Definitions• General Safety Practices• Laboratory Hazards

Biosafety Levels• Decontamination• Waste Disposal• Safety Documentation• Action Plan for Safety

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Protection:• workers• “products”• co-workers• lab support personnel• environment

IntroductionWhy Biosafety Practices?

2.1

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Safety practices should be applied throughout the testing process:

Safety practices should be applied throughout the testing process:

• Pre- analytical Specimen collection Specimen preparation Specimen transport

• Analytical Testing

• Post-analytical Disposal

• Pre- analytical Specimen collection Specimen preparation Specimen transport

• Analytical Testing

• Post-analytical Disposal

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Examples of Laboratory Hazards Examples of Laboratory Hazards

Growth of microorganisms

• Water baths

Aerosols, splashing, tube breakage

• Centrifuge

Accidental inoculation, aerosol, spillage

• NeedlesHazardOperation / Equipment

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Safety ResourcesSafety Resources

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Safety ResourcesSafety Resources

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IntroductionChain of Infection

Reservoir of pathogenReservoir of pathogen

Portal of escapePortal of escape

TransmissionTransmission

Route of entry/infectious doseRoute of entry/infectious dose

Susceptible hostSusceptible host

Incubation periodIncubation period

Risk A

ssessment

PPE

Immunization

Surveillance

Practices/

Equipment

2.1

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• BSL1 - agents not known to cause disease.• BSL2 - agents associated with human disease.• BSL3 - indigenous/exotic agents with potential for aerosol

transmission; disease may have serious or lethal consequences.• BSL4 - dangerous/exotic agents which pose high risk of life-

threatening disease.

Principles Biosafety Levels

2.1

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Designing for SafetyDesigning for Safety

• General requirements Facility design Water supply/sinks for hand washing Ventilation Standard lab practices

• Safety equipment Personal protective equipment (PPE) Biosafety cabinets

• General requirements Facility design Water supply/sinks for hand washing Ventilation Standard lab practices

• Safety equipment Personal protective equipment (PPE) Biosafety cabinets

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Biological Safety Cabinets

2.7

HAZARD ?

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Biosafety Level 1 Standard Microbiological Practices


• Restrict or limit access when working

• Prohibit eating, drinking and smoking in the laboratory

• Pipetting by mouth strictly forbidden

• Restrict or limit access when working

• Prohibit eating, drinking and smoking in the laboratory

• Pipetting by mouth strictly forbidden

2.3

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2.3

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Standard practices also include:Standard practices also include:

• Keep work areas uncluttered and clean• No food in lab refrigerator• Minimize splashes and aerosols• Decontaminate work surfaces daily• Maintain insect & rodent control program

• Keep work areas uncluttered and clean• No food in lab refrigerator• Minimize splashes and aerosols• Decontaminate work surfaces daily• Maintain insect & rodent control program

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Biosafety Level 2

Facility Design (Secondary Barriers)

Biosafety Level 2

Facility Design (Secondary Barriers)

Requirements: Laboratories have lockable doors Sink for hand washing Work surfaces easily cleaned Bench tops are impervious to water Sturdy furniture

2.4

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Biosafety Level 2Laboratory Facilities (Secondary Barriers)


• BSL-1 Facilities PLUS: Autoclave available Eyewash station

available

• BSL-1 Facilities PLUS: Autoclave available Eyewash station

available

2.4

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Requirements: Location - separated from public areas

Structure - normal construction

Ventilation - directional

Requirements: Location - separated from public areas

Structure - normal construction

Ventilation - directional

Biosafety Level 2 Facility Construction (Secondary Barrier)

Biosafety Level 2 Facility Construction (Secondary Barrier)

2.4

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Biosafety Level 2Safety Equipment (Primary Barriers)


In addition to BSL-1:• Use biosafety cabinets (class II) for work with

infectious agents involving: Aerosols and splashes Large volumes High concentrations

In addition to BSL-1:• Use biosafety cabinets (class II) for work with

infectious agents involving: Aerosols and splashes Large volumes High concentrations

2.4

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Biosafety Level 2Special Practices


•Needles & Sharps Precautions Use sharps containers DON’T break, bend, re-sheath or reuse

syringes or needles

•Needles & Sharps Precautions Use sharps containers DON’T break, bend, re-sheath or reuse

syringes or needles

2.4

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Needles & Sharps Precautions (cont.)• DON’T place needles or sharps in office

waste containers

Needles & Sharps Precautions (cont.)• DON’T place needles or sharps in office

waste containers

2.4

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Needles and Sharps Precautions (cont.) DON’T touch broken glass with hands

Needles and Sharps Precautions (cont.) DON’T touch broken glass with hands

2.4

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• Identify “clean” and “contaminated” areas Use appropriate warning signs

• Decontaminate work surfaces• Report spills and accidents• Remove gloves, lab coats before leaving

work area• No animals in laboratories

• Identify “clean” and “contaminated” areas Use appropriate warning signs

• Decontaminate work surfaces• Report spills and accidents• Remove gloves, lab coats before leaving

work area• No animals in laboratories



2.4

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• BSL-1 and 2 Facilities PLUS:

Separate building or isolated zone

Double door entry

Directional inward airflow

Single-pass air; 10-12 air changes/hour

• BSL-1 and 2 Facilities PLUS:

Separate building or isolated zone

Double door entry

Directional inward airflow

Single-pass air; 10-12 air changes/hour2.5

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• BSL-1 and 2 Facilities PLUS (cont.): Enclosures for aerosol generating

equipment Room penetrations sealed Walls, floors and ceilings are water

resistant for easy cleaning

• BSL-1 and 2 Facilities PLUS (cont.): Enclosures for aerosol generating

equipment Room penetrations sealed Walls, floors and ceilings are water

resistant for easy cleaning2.5

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• BSL-1 and 2 Safety Equipment PLUS: BSC class

II or III to manipulate infectious material

• BSL-1 and 2 Safety Equipment PLUS: BSC class

II or III to manipulate infectious material

2.5

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• BSL-1 and 2 Safety Equipment PLUS: Respiratory protection may be indicated

• BSL-1 and 2 Safety Equipment PLUS: Respiratory protection may be indicated

2.5

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• BSL-2 Special Practices PLUS: Work in certified BSC Use bioaerosol-

containing equipment Decontaminate spills

promptly

• BSL-2 Special Practices PLUS: Work in certified BSC Use bioaerosol-

containing equipment Decontaminate spills

promptly



2.5

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Biosafety Level 4 – Maximum Containment

Biosafety Level 4 – Maximum Containment

• BSL -3 practices plus: Clothing change before entering laboratory Shower on exit All materials decontaminated on exit from facility

• Safety Equipment: Class III Biosafety cabinet Class I or II biosafety cabinet WITH full-body, air supplied,

positive personnel suit

• BSL -3 practices plus: Clothing change before entering laboratory Shower on exit All materials decontaminated on exit from facility

• Safety Equipment: Class III Biosafety cabinet Class I or II biosafety cabinet WITH full-body, air supplied,

positive personnel suit

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Biological Waste

• Types cultures, stocks, isolates materials containing or contaminated with

blood sharps pipettes, wrappers, tips All materials used in the lab

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Specimen DisposalSpecimen Disposal

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DecontaminationDecontamination• Sterilization• Disinfection

• Sterilization• Disinfection

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DecontaminationDefinition

• SterilizationThe use of a physical or chemical procedure

to destroy all microbial life, including large numbers of highly resistant bacterial spores.

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• DisinfectionThe use of a physical or chemical procedure

to virtually eliminate all recognized pathogenic microorganisms but not all microbial forms (bacterial endospores) on inanimate objects.

DecontaminationDefinition

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DecontaminationMethods

• Heat• Chemical • Radiation

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• Types Moist – steam Dry Incineration

*The most effective method of sterilization

DecontaminationHeat

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• Types Liquids, i.e. chlorox,

hydrogen peroxide Gases, i.e. ethylene

oxide

DecontaminationChemical

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• General Lab Use - Hypochlorite Solutions Large Spills/Large Organic Load

undiluted from bottle Small Spills/Virus Inactivation

10% - 1:9 General Surface Disinfection

1% - 1:99

DecontaminationChemical

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In case of a spillIn case of a spill• Wear disposable gloves • Cover large blood spill with paper towels and

soak with 1% (10000 ppm) of household bleach and allow to stand for at least 5 minutes

• Small spill - wipe with paper towel soaked in 1% bleach

• Discard contaminated towels in infective waste containers

• Wipe down the area with clean towels soaked in a same dilution of household bleach

• Wear disposable gloves • Cover large blood spill with paper towels and

soak with 1% (10000 ppm) of household bleach and allow to stand for at least 5 minutes

• Small spill - wipe with paper towel soaked in 1% bleach

• Discard contaminated towels in infective waste containers

• Wipe down the area with clean towels soaked in a same dilution of household bleach

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Safety Documentation & RecordsSafety Documentation & Records• Laboratory Safety Manual - Policies and Procedures• Sample Contents:

Housekeeping Personal protection Safe decontamination of equipment Decontamination & Waste Disposal Emergency procedures

In-lab first aid Accidental injury Post exposure prophylaxis Contacts

Personnel responsibilitiesHygiene

• Laboratory Safety Manual - Policies and Procedures• Sample Contents:

Housekeeping Personal protection Safe decontamination of equipment Decontamination & Waste Disposal Emergency procedures

In-lab first aid Accidental injury Post exposure prophylaxis Contacts

Personnel responsibilitiesHygiene

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Action Plan for Implementing Safety Practices

Action Plan for Implementing Safety Practices

• Identify hazards • Assess level of risks

Prioritize risk• Establish and implement safety polices and

procedures• Conduct safety specific training

Must be a priority Communication is key

• Perform regular audits and assessments

• Identify hazards • Assess level of risks

Prioritize risk• Establish and implement safety polices and

procedures• Conduct safety specific training

Must be a priority Communication is key

• Perform regular audits and assessments

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In Case of ExposureIn Case of Exposure• Be ready for the emergency before hand

- Familiar with exposure specific policies- Conduct drills - Keep post exposure medicines

available- Check periodically for stock and expiry

of medicines• Report immediately• Go to the nearest, first available doctor

• Be ready for the emergency before hand- Familiar with exposure specific policies- Conduct drills - Keep post exposure medicines

available- Check periodically for stock and expiry

of medicines• Report immediately• Go to the nearest, first available doctor

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Post ExposurePost Exposure

• Write a report and reasons for accident• Actions taken to avoid future accidents• Training

• Write a report and reasons for accident• Actions taken to avoid future accidents• Training

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Thank youThank you

Saftey 1

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