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Greater Pine Island Water Association, Inc. General Safety Manual 1

Transcript of SAFETY · Web viewSafety shoes and boots provide both impact and compression protection. Where...

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Greater Pine Island Water Association,

Inc.

General Safety Manual

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Dated: November 6, 2017

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Table of Contents

Safety Mission Statement..........................................................................3

Safety Responsibilities...........................................................................4-5

General Safety Policies..........................................................................6-7

Disciplinary Policies & Procedures..........................................................8

Hazard Communication Program......................................................9-18

Bloodborne Pathogen Program........................................................19-28

PPE program / Assessments..............................................................29-39

Confined Space Program...................................................................40-50

Lockout/Tagout Program (LOTO)...................................................51-56

Excavation Program..........................................................................57-62

Fall Protection Program....................................................................63-68

Fire Safety Plan..................................................................................69-73

Emergency Evacuation Plan.............................................................74-75

Respirable Crystalline Silica Program.............................................76-88

Forms...................................................................................................89-97 New employee orientation (77) Accident investigation (78-80) Hepatitis B Vaccine Declination (81) Post Exposure Evaluation Form (82) BBP Exposure – Release Medical Records (83) BBP Exposure – Release Medical Records to Authorized

Representative (84)

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Safety Mission Statement

Greater Pine Island Water Association considers the safety and health of all employees, subcontractors and general public to be of utmost importance. We all agree that we want to work in a place where our health and safety will not be compromised. As a company, we can do what needs to be done to insure your good health. However, this is a group effort of all to maintain a safe workplace.

This safety manual is a comprehensive manual of all safety programs for our company. The material will help you better understand how you can ensure that all of us can contribute to the safety goals. Take an active role in this process; don’t only read the material – live by it.

Working together we can maintain a safe workplace. I greatly appreciate and expect your cooperation and participation in this program.

Sincerely,

Laurie AdamsGreater Pine Island Water Association

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Safety Responsibilities

General Responsibilities:

Greater Pine Island Water Association recognizes the need for incorporating safe working practices within every job. It promotes the advancement of safety in the design of the building, equipment, tools, and other work devices. Managers will have the additional duty of administering the safety program by communicating support and actively promoting safety throughout the Greater Pine Island Water Association. Managers are accountable for safety performance and providing the incentive for maintaining safe work practices.

Managers and Supervisors:

1. Responsibilities:

Managers and supervisors must consider it an essential part of their job to incorporate safety within their function to maintain an efficient operation. Job performance should include not only production or quality control, but the effectiveness of safety activities conducted within the jobsite. Job performance reviews should include safety performance.

2. Specific Duties of Managers and Supervisors:

Management recognizes supervisors as key persons in the safety program. An efficient operation can be achieved only with effective control of accidents. Management expects supervisors to be responsible for the prevention of accidents on an equal basis with production and quality. Job success depends on maintaining a safe, efficient department. Supervisors’ other responsibilities are as follows:

A. Stress to new employees that the Greater Pine Island Water Association operates under a safety program and reviews the general safety rules.

B. Properly train and instruct all employees as to the hazards of their work and safe work practices by the use of safety meetings, printed rules, and verbal instruction. Each supervisor should develop a list that covers specific exposures of operations within the scope of the job.

C. Follow all sanitation guidelines.D. Be responsible for housekeeping and conducting regular

inspections of work areas for unsafe conditions and unsafe acts.E. Ensure that all equipment is properly guarded and that guards

are in place when equipment is in operation.F. Set an example for employees by wearing all required personal

protective equipment and enforcing use of this equipment by their employees.

G. Enforce all safety rules that apply to the operation.

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H. Pay special attention to proper lifting techniques; all management personnel should be trained in proper lifting so they know what to look for. Mechanical lifting aids should be used whenever possible.

I. Require employees to report all incidents and or injuries immediately.

J. Investigate all incidents and submit a report to management for their review. Since supervisors are the most familiar with the operation and responsible for the conduct of employees, it is their responsibility to conduct investigations and take action to prevent recurrence of similar incidents.

3. Manager & Supervisor Accountability:

Compliance in these areas will be included in job appraisals/performance reviews.

Employees:

1. Responsibilities:

All employees are required, as a condition of employment, to follow established safety practices, wear required personal protective equipment, and follow the direction and rules established by their supervisors. All accidents must be reported immediately and suggestions to improve safety related areas are expected.

2. Specific Duties of Employees:

Cooperation and active participation in the safety effort is expected of each individual employee as a condition of employment. This responsibility includes the following areas:

A. Perform their assigned job in a safe manner by following prescribed rules and use necessary safety equipment and guards.

B. Use their knowledge and influence in the prevention of accidents.

C. Become involved in inspecting, detecting, and correcting unsafe acts/conditions in their areas. Contribute ideas, suggestions and recommendations for improvement of the safety effort.

D. Wear personal protective equipment required for the job as a condition of employment.

E. Maintain good housekeeping; trash and other tripping hazards should be picked up and disposed of / put away.

F. Report all work incurred injuries or sicknesses to the supervisor IMMEDIATELY. Property damage should also be reported.

G. Assist in the investigation of accidents with the objective of

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introducing measures to prevent a recurrence of a similar incident.

3. Employee Accountability:

Compliance in these areas will be included in job appraisals/performance reviews.

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General Safety Policies

Purpose:

The Greater Pine Island Water Association’s primary objectives are to ensure the safety and health of our employees and to protect company property. Our goal is to provide safe and healthy working conditions for all company employees and subcontractors.

Everyone should become familiar with, and follow, these General Safety Rules. Supervisors must enforce safe work practices through adherence to safety rules.

Most accidents can be prevented if everyone uses assigned safety equipment and follows the established safety rules. To operate a safe and successful business, we must work as a team to:

1. Communicate the General Safety Rules published in this Manual;

2. Conduct On-the-Spot corrections and reinforcement by supervisors;

3. Post General Safety Rules in job trailers or other designated areas on-site.

THINK SAFE, WORK SAFE,AND BE SAFE

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GENERAL SAFETY RULES - To Be Posted1. Report all work injuries and illnesses immediately to your Supervisor. 2. Report all unsafe acts or unsafe conditions to your Supervisor. 3. Use seat belts on any vehicles equipped with seat belts, including but not

limited to, rough terrain vehicles.4. Firearms, weapons, or explosives are not permitted on Company Property,

except when stored in an employee’s personal vehicle with appropriate permits.

5. Use, possession, sale or being under the influence of illegal drugs, misuse of prescription drugs and/or alcohol is not permitted on Company Property or while "on duty".

6. Only authorized and trained employees may repair or adjust machinery and equipment. Lockout & Tagout procedures must be followed before removing any machine guards or working on powered machinery and equipment. Replace all guards when the job is completed.

7. Only qualified and trained employees may work on or near “exposed energized electrical parts” or “electrical equipment”. Follow Electrical Safety Rules when working with electrically powered machinery and equipment.

8. Only authorized and trained Employees may enter a posted “confined space”. All confined spaces will be posted Confined Space - Permit Required. Entry is allowed only after permits are properly issued.

9. Only authorized and trained employees may dispense or use chemicals. It is your responsibility to know where SDS's are located and that they are available for your use and review.

10. Keep work areas clean and aisles clear. Do not block emergency equipment or exits.

11. Appropriate safety footwear will be worn as deemed necessary and outlined in the PPE assessments.

12. Eye protection shall be worn when sledging, hammering, and sawing on metal or concrete, chipping, welding, grinding, working in dusty places, handling chemicals or other operations where eye injuries may result. Never watch welding operations without proper eye protection. Face shield, with safety glasses, are mandatory for all deck saw work.

13. Lift heavy objects correctly (secure footing, firm grip, back straight and lift with legs). Get help when load is greater than 70 pounds.

14. Smoking is permitted only in the designated "Smoking Areas".15. Good housekeeping practices must be followed at all times.16. The operation of any equipment without proper authorization is

prohibited17. Do not operate any machine, equipment or tool, unless you are qualified to do so. Maintain

all tools in a clean manner.18. Do not use ladders with missing or broken parts, too low a weight rating,

too short for purpose. Do not using metal ladders near electrical wires or as a working platform. Be cautious of objects falling from ladders. Inspect

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ladders before each use. All rungs and steps are to be free of oil, grease, dirt, etc. Spreaders or other locking devices and non-skid safety feet must be in place. Never stand on the top two rungs of a ladder or use a stepladder that is not fully extended. Always tie off extension/straight ladders for support.

19. No structural defects, all support braces intact.20. Failure to follow the above rules may cause serious injury and/or illness.

Disciplinary Action, up to and including Termination, will be used to assure rule enforcement. Please use common sense and think before you act. If you are not sure how to complete a job or task safely or have any questions, ask your supervisor.

21. Emergency eyewash facilities meeting the requirements of ANSI Z358.1 shall be provided in all areas where the eyes of any employee may be exposed to corrosive materials.

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Disciplinary Policy & ProceduresIt is the well-established policy of the Greater Pine Island Water Association that any conduct which in its view interferes with, or adversely affects, employment is sufficient grounds for disciplinary action ranging from oral warnings to immediate discharge. Depending on the severity of the conduct, disciplinary steps may be enforced by the following methods in the listed order:

1. Verbal warnings;2. Written warnings;3. Suspensions; or4. Termination.

Supervisors are provided with the authority to exercise their discretion in applying the appropriate discipline to the situation. There will be an investigation to ascertain what occurred and the presence or absence of the factors listed above. When there is reason to believe that an employee has violated company policy, action is taken. Please remember that these are only examples. As always, you can terminate your employment at any time with or without reason, and the Greater Pine Island Water Association retains the same right.

Please refer to the Greater Pine Island Water Association’s Personnel Policy for full details.

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Hazard Communication programREF 29 CFR 1910.1200

Purpose:

This document serves as the Company's Hazard Communication Program. It provides detailed safety guidelines and instructions for receipt, use, and storage of chemicals at our facility by employees and contractors. Reference: OSHA Standard 1910.1200. 

Responsibilities:1. Management

Ensure compliance with this programConduct immediate corrective action for deficiencies found in the

programMaintain an effective Hazard Communication training programMake this plan available to employees or their designated

representative2. Supervisor

Comply with all specific requirements of the programProvide specific chemical safety training for assigned employeesEnsure chemicals are properly used, stored & labeledEnsure only the minimum amount necessary is kept at work

stationsEnsure all received containers are properly labeled and that labels

are not removed or defacedEnsure all shipped containers are properly labeledEnsure shipping department employees are properly trained in spill

responseEnsure received Safety Data Sheets (SDS) are loaded into

electronic SDS library and that employees understand how to access SDS database

3. Safety OfficerMaintain a list of hazardous chemicalsMonitor the effectiveness of the Hazard Communication programConduct an annual audit of the programMonitor employee training to ensure effectivenessKeep management informed of necessary changesEnsure SDSs are available as requiredMonitor facility for proper use, storage and labeling of chemicalsNotify Compliance Masters, LLC of all new products purchased,

including product name, manufacturer, P/N, SKU and/or UPC code so that an SDS can be loaded into the electronic SDS library

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4. EmployeesComply with chemical safety requirements of this programReport any problems with storage or use of chemicalsImmediately report spills or suspected spills of chemicalsUse only those chemicals for which they have been trainedUse chemicals only for specific assigned tasks in the proper manner

5. ContractorsComply will ALL aspects of this programCoordinate information with the appropriate Supervisor and with

the Safety ManagerEnsure contractor employees are properly trainedNotify the appropriate Supervisor and the Safety Manager before

bringing any chemicals into company property of facilitiesMonitor and ensure proper storage and use of chemicals by

contractor employees

Definitions:

Chemical: any element, chemical compound or mixture of elements and/or compounds.

Combustible liquid: means any liquid having a flash point at or above 100 deg. F (37.8 deg. C), but below 200 deg. F (93.3 deg. C), except any mixture having components with flash points of 200 deg. F (93.3 deg. C), or higher, the total volume of which make up 99 percent or more of the total volume of the mixture.

Compressed gas: any compound that exhibits:

(i) A gas or mixture of gases having, in a container, an absolute pressure exceeding 40 psi at 70 deg. F.

(ii) A gas or mixture of gases having, in a container, an absolute pressure exceeding 104 psi at 130 deg. F. regardless of the pressure at 70 deg. F.

(iii) A liquid having a vapor pressure exceeding 40 psi at 100 deg. F.

Container: any bag, barrel, bottle, box, can, cylinder, drum, reaction vessel, storage tank, or the like that contains a hazardous chemical. For purposes of this section, pipes or piping systems, and engines, fuel tanks, or other operating systems in a vehicle, are not considered to be containers.

Designated representative: any individual or organization to whom an employee gives written authorization to exercise such employee's rights under this section. A recognized or certified collective bargaining agent shall be treated automatically as a designated representative without regard to written employee authorization.

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Employee: a worker who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals under normal operating conditions or in foreseeable emergencies. Workers such as office workers or bank tellers who encounter hazardous chemicals only in non-routine, isolated instances are not covered.

Employer: a person engaged in a business where chemicals are either used, distributed, or are produced for use or distribution, including a contractor or subcontractor.

Explosive: a chemical that causes a sudden, almost instantaneous release of pressure, gas, and heat when subjected to sudden shock, pressure, or high temperature.

Exposure or exposed: an employee is subjected in the course of employment to a chemical that is a physical or health hazard, and includes potential (e.g. accidental or possible) exposure. Subjected in terms of health hazards includes any route of entry (e.g. inhalation, ingestion, skin contact or absorption.)

Flammable: a chemical that falls into one of the following categories:

(i) "Aerosol, flammable" means an aerosol that yields a flame projection exceeding 18 inches at full valve opening, or a flashback (a flame extending back to the valve) at any degree of valve opening;

(ii) "Gas, flammable" means: (A) A gas that, at ambient temperature and pressure, forms a flammable mixture with air at a concentration of thirteen (13) percent by volume or less; or (B) A gas that, at ambient temperature and pressure, forms a range of flammable mixtures with air wider than twelve (12) percent by volume, regardless of the lower limit;

(iii) "Liquid, flammable" means any liquid having a flash point below 100 deg. F., except any mixture having components with flash points of 100 deg. F. or higher, the total of which make up 99 percent or more of the total volume of the mixture.

(iv) "Solid, flammable" means a solid, other than a blasting agent or explosive as defined in 1910.109(a), that is liable to cause fire through friction, absorption of moisture, spontaneous chemical change, or retained heat from manufacturing or processing, or which can be ignited readily and when ignited burns so vigorously and persistently as to create a serious hazard. A chemical shall be considered to be a flammable solid if it ignites and burns with a self-sustained flame at a rate greater than one-tenth of an inch per second along its major axis.

Flash point: the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off a vapor in sufficient concentration to ignite.

Hazardous chemical: any chemical which is a physical hazard or a health hazard.

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Hazard warning: any words, pictures, symbols, or combination appearing on a label or other appropriate form of warning which convey the specific physical and health hazard(s), including target organ effects, of the chemical(s) in the container(s). (See the definitions for "physical hazard" and "health hazard" to determine the hazards which must be covered.)

Health hazard: a chemical for which there is evidence that acute or chronic health effects may occur in exposed employees. The term "health hazard" includes chemicals which are carcinogens, toxic or highly toxic agents, reproductive toxins, irritants, corrosives, senstizers, hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins, neurotoxins, agents which act on the hematopoietic system, and agents which damage the lungs, skin, eyes, or mucous membranes.

Identity: any chemical or common name which is indicated on the safety data sheet (SDS) for the chemical. The identity used shall permit cross-references to be made among the required list of hazardous chemicals, the label and the SDS.

Immediate use: the hazardous chemical will be under the control of and used only by the person who transfers it from a labeled container and only within the work shift in which it is transferred.

Label: any written, printed, or graphic material displayed on or affixed to containers of hazardous chemicals.

Safety data sheet (SDS): written or printed material concerning a hazardous chemical which is prepared in accordance with OSHA Standard 1910.1200 requirements.

Mixture: any combination of two or more chemicals if the combination is not, in whole or in part, the result of a chemical reaction.

Oxidizer: means a chemical other than a blasting agent or explosive as defined in 1910.109(a), that initiates or promotes combustion in other materials, thereby causing fire either of itself or through the release of oxygen or other gases.

Physical hazard: a chemical that it is a combustible liquid, a compressed gas, explosive, flammable, an organic peroxide, an oxidizer, pyrophoric, unstable (reactive) or water-reactive.

Pyrophoric: a chemical that will ignite spontaneously in air at a temperature of 130 deg. F. or below.

Specific chemical identity: the chemical name, Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number, or any other information that reveals the precise chemical designation of the substance.

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Unstable (reactive): a chemical which in the pure state, or as produced or transported, will vigorously polymerize, decompose, condense, or will become self-reactive under conditions of shocks, pressure or temperature.

Use: to package, handle, react, emit, extract, generate as a byproduct, or transfer.

Water-reactive: a chemical that reacts with water to release a gas that is either flammable or presents a health hazard.

Work area: a room or defined space in a workplace where hazardous chemicals are produced or used, and where employees are present.

Workplace: an establishment, job site, or project, at one geographical location containing one or more work areas.

Safety Data Sheet Information (SDS):

Safety Data Sheets are provided by the chemical manufacturer to provide additional information concerning safe use of the product. Each SDS provides:

1. Common Name and Chemical Name of the material 2. Name, address and phone number of the manufacturer 3. Emergency phone numbers for immediate hazard information 4. Date the SDS was last updated 5. Listing of hazardous ingredients 6. Chemical hazards of the material 7. Information for identification of chemical and physical properties

Information Chemical Users must know

Fire and/or Explosion Information

1. Material Flash Point, auto-ignition temperature and upper/lower flammability limits

2. Proper fire extinguishing agents to be used 3. Fire fighting techniques 4. Any unusual fire or explosive hazards

Chemical Reaction Information

1. Stability of Chemical 2. Conditions and other materials which can cause reactions with the

chemical 3. Dangerous substances that can be produced when the chemical reacts

Control Measures

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1. Engineering Controls required for safe product use 2. Personal protective equipment required for use of product 3. Safe storage requirements and guidelines 4. Safe handling procedures

Health Hazards

1. Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) and Threshold Limit Value (TLV) 2. Acute or Chronic symptoms of exposure 3. Main routes of entry into the body 4. Medical conditions that can be made worse by exposure 5. Cancer causing properties if any 6. Emergency and First Aid treatments

Spill & Leak Procedures

1. Clean up techniques 2. Personal Protective Equipment to be used during cleanup 3. Disposal of waste & cleanup material

Employee Use of SDS

For SDS use to be effective, employees must:

1. Know the location of the SDS 2. Understand the major points for each chemical 3. Check SDS when more information is needed or questions arise 4. Be able to quickly locate the emergency information on the SDS 5. Follow the safety practices provided on the SDS

 

General Program Information:

This written Hazard Communication Plan (HAZCOM) has been developed based on OSHA Hazard Communication Standard and consists of the following elements:

Identification of Hazardous Materials Product Warning Labels Safety Data Sheets (SDS) Written Hazard Communication Program Effective Employee Training

Some chemicals are explosive, corrosive, flammable, or toxic. Other chemicals are relatively safe to use and store but may become dangerous when they interact with other substances. To avoid injury and/or property damage, persons who handle chemicals in any area of the Company must understand the hazardous properties of the chemicals. Before using a specific chemical, safe handling methods and health hazards must always be reviewed. Supervisors are responsible

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for ensuring that the equipment needed to work safely with chemicals is accessible and maintained for all employees on all shifts.

Employee Training:

1. Initial Orientation Training All new employees shall receive safety orientation training covering

the elements of the HAZCOM and Right to Know Program. This training will consist of general training covering: o Location and availability of the written Hazard Communication

Programo Location and availability of the List of Chemicals used in the

workplaceo Methods and observation used to detect the presence or

release of a hazardous chemical in the workplace.o The specific physical and health hazard of all chemicals in the

workplaceo Specific control measures for protection from physical or health

hazardso Explanation of the chemical labeling system and use of

Pictogramso Location and use of SDS

2. Job Specific Training Employees will receive on the job training from their supervisor.

This training will cover the proper use, inspection, and storage, of necessary personal protective equipment and chemical safety training for the specific chemicals they will be using or will be working around.

3. Annual Refresher Training Annual Hazard Communication refresher training will be conducted

as part of the company's continuing safety training program.

4. Immediate On-the-Spot Training This training will be conducted by supervisors for any employee that

requests additional information or exhibits a lack of understanding of the safety requirements.

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Non-Routine Tasks:

Non-routine tasks are defined as working on, near, or with unlabeled piping, unlabeled containers of an unknown substance, confined space entry where a hazardous substance may be present and/or a one-time task using a hazardous substance differently than intended (example: using a solvent to remove stains from tile floors).

Steps for Non-Routine Tasks Step 1: Hazard Determination Step 2: Determine Precautions Step 3: Specific Training & Documentation Step 4: Perform Task

All non-routine tasks will be evaluated by the Department Supervisor and Safety Department before the task commences, to determine all hazards present. This determination will be conducted with quantitative/qualitative analysis (air sampling, substance identification/analysis, etc., as applicable).

Once the hazard determination is made, the Department Supervisor and Safety Department will determine the necessary precautions needed to either remove the hazard, change to a non-hazard, or protect from the hazard (use of personal protective equipment) to safeguard the Employees present. In addition, the Department Supervisor or Safety Department will provide specific safety training for Employees present or affected and will document the training using the Chemical Safety Training Checklist form which shall be marked "Non-Routine Task Training".

Off-site use or transportation of chemicals:

An SDS will be provided to employees for each chemical and each occurrence of use or transport away from the company facilities. All State and Federal DOT Regulations will be followed including use of certified containers, labeling & marking, securing of containers and employee training.

General Chemical Safety:

Assume all chemicals are hazardous. The number of hazardous chemicals and the number of reactions between them is so large that prior knowledge of all potential hazards cannot be assumed. Use chemicals in as small quantities as possible to minimize exposure and reduce possible harmful effects.

The following general safety rules shall be observed when working with chemicals:

Read and understand the Safety Data Sheets. Keep the work area clean and orderly. Use the necessary safety equipment. Carefully label every container with the identity of its contents and

appropriate hazard warnings. Store incompatible chemicals in separate areas. Substitute less toxic materials whenever possible.

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Limit the volume of volatile or flammable material to the minimum needed for short operation periods.

Provide means of containing the material if equipment or containers should break or spill their contents.

Task Evaluation:

Each task that requires the use of chemicals should be evaluated to determine the potential hazards associated with the work. This hazard evaluation must include the chemical or combination of chemicals that will be used in the work, as well as other materials that will be used near the work. If a malfunction during the operation has the potential to cause serious injury or property damage, a Safe Operational Procedure (SOP) should be prepared and followed. Operations must be planned to minimize the generation of hazardous wastes.

Chemical Storage:

The separation of chemicals (solids or liquids) during storage is necessary to reduce the possibility of unwanted chemical reactions caused by accidental mixing. Explosives should be stored separately outdoors. Use either distance or barriers (e.g., trays) to isolate chemicals into the following groups:

Flammable Liquids: store in approved flammable storage lockers. Acids: treat as flammable liquids Bases: do not store bases with acids or any other material Other liquids: ensure other liquids are not incompatible with any other

chemical in the same storage location. Lips, strips, or bars are to be installed across the width of storage shelves

to restrain the chemicals in case of earthquake.

Chemicals will not be stored in the same refrigerator used for food storage. Refrigerators used for storing chemicals must be appropriately identified by a label on the door.

Container Labels:

It is extremely important that all containers of chemicals are properly labeled. This includes every type of container from a 5000 gallon storage tank to a spray bottle of degreaser. The following requirements apply:

All containers will have the appropriate label, tag or marking prominently displayed that indicates the identity, safety and health hazards .

Portable containers which contain a small amount of chemical need not be labeled if they are used immediately that shift, but must be under the strict control of the employee using the product.

All warning labels, tags, etc., must be maintained in a legible condition and not be defaced. Facility weekly supervisor inspections will check for compliance of this rule.

Incoming chemicals are to be checked for proper labeling.

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Emergencies and Spills:

In case of an emergency, implement the proper Emergency Action Plan

1. Evacuate people from the area. 2. Isolate the area. 3. If the material is flammable, turn off ignition and heat sources. 4. Only personnel specifically trained in emergency response are permitted

to participate in chemical emergency procedures beyond those required to evacuate the area.

5. Call for Emergency Response Team assistance if required.

Housekeeping:

1. Maintain the smallest possible inventory of chemicals to meet immediate needs.

2. Periodically review stock of chemicals on hand. 3. Ensure that storage areas, or equipment containing large quantities of

chemicals, are secure from accidental spills. 4. Rinse emptied bottles that contain acids or inflammable solvents before

disposal. 5. Recycle unused laboratory chemicals wherever possible. 6. DO NOT Place hazardous chemicals in salvage or garbage receptacles. 7. DO NOT Pour chemicals onto the ground. 8. DO NOT Dispose of chemicals through the storm drain system. 9. DO NOT Dispose of highly toxic, malodorous chemicals down sinks or

sewer drains.

Contractors :

All outside contractors working inside Company Facilities are required to follow the requirements of this program. The Company will provide Contractors information on:

Location of SDS Precautions to be taken to protect contractor employees Potential exposure to hazardous substances Chemicals used in or stored in areas where they will be working Location and availability of Safety Data Sheets Recommended Personal Protective Equipment Labeling system for chemicals

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Bloodborne Pathogen ProgramREF 29 CFR 1910.1030

Greater Pine Island Water Association understands the importance of protecting every worker from occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens. This Exposure Control Plan (ECP) is written to increase worker's awareness of, and facilitate the prevention of, the infectious spread of bloodborne pathogen diseases through exposure to blood, saliva, and all other potentially infectious materials. This plan is our company's written policy for implementation of procedures relating to the control of infectious disease hazards.

General:This Exposure Control Plan (ECP) will be reviewed annually and

updated whenever necessary to reflect new or modified tasks and procedures. This review is the responsibility of the safety officer.

This plan is available to the Assistant Secretary and the Director of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health upon their request for examination or copying.

The supervisors are responsible for identifying all job classifications and their associated tasks, in which the employees’ performance of the job puts them at risk for occupational exposure.

Universal Precautions:

It is the responsibility of the safety officer to require all employees to observe “universal precautions” to prevent contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials. Whenever a differentiation cannot be made between body fluids types, ALL body fluids should be considered potentially infectious material.

Engineering Controls:

A. We provide hand washing facilities throughout our facility. Following are the locations where hand washing facilities can be found:

1.__ RO Plant _____________ 4._______________________2.__ Center Office __________ 5._______________________3._______________________ 6._______________________

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B. Employees who are required to handle DISPOSABLE contaminated needles or other contaminated sharps should do so in a safe manner, and should not remove them from the immediate area. All contaminated sharps should be disposed of in a proper puncture resistant container that is correctly labeled as to its contents. These containers are in the following locations:

1.__RO Plant Lab __________ 4._______________________2._ Center Office Bathroom___ 5._______________________3._______________________ 6._______________________

It is the responsibility of the safety officer to ensure that these containers are in good repair and the contents are disposed of in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1030.

C. Employees who are required to handle REUSABLE contaminated sharps are required to place these items in their puncture resistant, labeled, leak-proof container as soon as possible after use. These containers are located:

1._ RO Plant 1 st Aid Kit _ ____ 4._______________________2._ Center Office Bathroom __ 5._______________________3._______________________ 6._______________________

It is the responsibility of the safety officer to ensure that these containers are in good repair and the contents are disposed of properly in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1030.

D. Eating, drinking, smoking, applying lip balm and handling contact lenses in work areas where there is reasonable likelihood of occupational exposure is strictly prohibited.

E. Food items and drinks are never to be stored in refrigerators, freezers or on shelves or in containers, cabinets, counter tops or bench tops where blood or other potentially infectious materials are present.

F. Whenever employees are engaged in work involving blood or other potentially infectious materials, they are required to do their part to minimize splashing, spraying, spattering or the generation of droplets of these substances.

G. Specimens of infectious materials will be placed in leak-proof containers during collection, handling, processing, storage, transport or shipping and the following procedures will be used:

a. All containers should be properly labeled;

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b. All containers should be properly closed prior to storage, transport, or shipping;

c. If a container leaks or otherwise becomes contaminated or whenever the specimen being stored could potentially puncture the primary container, it shall be placed in a secondary container to prevent leakage during handling, processing, storage, transport, or shipping.

This secondary container will be properly labeled.

d. Equipment that potentially can become contaminated but cannot be decontaminated either in part or in full will be labeled to identify which portion of the equipment is contaminated. Employees are required to convey this information to all affected employees prior to servicing, handling or other contact with equipment. In addition, employees are required to convey this information to outside service contractors and/or manufacturers prior to any contact with the equipment.

Personal Protective Equipment:

The Safety Officer, in conjunction with the appropriate Supervisor, will provide personal protective equipment to every employee whose job classification places him or her at risk for occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens.

Personal protective equipment made available to employees of our company may consist of:

( X ) GLOVES( X ) RESPIRATORS( X ) BOOT COVERS( X ) EYE PROTECTION( X ) FACE SHIELDS( X ) OTHER

The safety officer will be responsible for selecting personal protective clothing and equipment for each job classification and associated task, based on its ability to effectively prohibit the passing of blood or other potentially infectious materials through to the employees’ clothes, undergarments, skin, eyes, mouth, or other mucous membranes during normal work. Further, the safety officer is responsible for conveying to all affected employees the circumstances in which they are required to use the personal protective clothing and equipment.

The Greater Pine Island Water Association requires the use of personal protective equipment by employees whose job classification demonstrates the potential for occupational exposure. If an instance arises where an employee, through his or her professional judgment, deems it necessary to remove personal protective equipment in an effort to provide adequate health care or public safety services, the circumstances surrounding the incident will be investigated utilizing the

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attached "Personal Protective Investigation" form. This investigation is the responsibility of the employee who made the judgment and is to be turned in to the employee’s immediate supervisor as soon as possible after the incident.

Personal protective clothing and equipment is located throughout the facility in the following areas:

1._ Personal Lockers _______ 4._______________________2._______________________ 5._______________________3._______________________ 6._______________________

Greater Pine Island Water Association will provide cleaning, laundering, repair, replacement and disposal of personal protective clothing and equipment as needed to maintain effectiveness and at no cost to the employees of the company.

Greater Pine Island Water Association requires employees to immediately remove all garments that have been penetrated by blood or other potentially infectious materials. The company further requires removal of all personal protective clothing prior to employees leaving the work area. Contaminated laundry should be handled with a minimum amount of agitation to reduce the likelihood of further contamination. Upon removal of personal protective clothing, employees are instructed to place clothing in their appropriate containers.

It is the responsibility of the safety officer to ensure that all containers are clearly marked for storage, washing, decontamination or disposal. Containers are located:

1._Bio Hazard Bags in BBP Kits 4._______________________2._______________________ 5._______________________3._______________________ 6._______________________

Housekeeping:Greater Pine Island Water Association requires employees to clean and decontaminate all contaminated working surfaces upon completion of their work. Appropriate disinfectants are supplied by the company and can be found at the following locations:

1._ Bio Hazard Bags in BBP Kits _ 4._______________________2._______________________ 5._______________________3._______________________ 6._______________________

Surrounding working areas/surfaces that may have become contaminated must be cleaned and decontaminated at the end of each work shift.

All protective coverings including plastic wrap, aluminum foil and imperviously backed absorbent paper utilized in covering equipment shall be replaced at the end of each work shift, or sooner when required, and the old coverings disposed of in an appropriate container.

Receptacles intended for reuse and having the potential for contamination will be cleaned and decontaminated on a weekly basis. It is the responsibility of the safety officer to ensure this is

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accomplished. Further, this schedule of cleaning shall be posted at the locations of the receptacles.

In the event a receptacle is contaminated, the receptacle will be cleaned and decontaminated immediately or as soon as possible following the incident.

It is the responsibility of the employee performing the work which caused the contamination to ensure that cleaning and decontamination is performed.

These containers will be easily accessed by employees and maintained in upright positions. They will be replaced on a routine basis to prevent them from becoming overfilled.

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Broken glass should never be handled directly. All broken glass should be swept and discarded using dust pan, tongs, or forceps. These cleaning utensils can be found at the following locations:

1.__ RO Plant ____________ 4._______________________2.___Pine Island Center _____ 5._______________________3._______________________ 6._______________________

It is the responsibility of the following employee ________ (insert name) ______ to ensure that this takes place:

1. Remove all such containers for storage and prior to removal, immediately close container to prevent leakage or spillage.

2. Place containers into a secondary container if leakage or spillage is detected.

3. Use only secondary containers that are capable of being closed and constructed to contain a primary container and prevent further leakage during handling, storage, transport or shipping.

4. All containers will be labeled as required by law (fluorescent orange or orange / red with letters and symbols in contrasting color).

Sharps’ Injury Log:

If, as an employer, you are required to maintain a log of occupational injuries and illnesses under 29 CFR Part 1904, you must also establish and maintain a sharps injury log for recording percutaneous injuries from contaminated sharps. The sharps injury log must contain, at a minimum, the type and brand of device involved in the injury (if known), the department or work area where the exposure incident occurred, and an explanation of how the incident occurred. The log must be recorded and maintained in a manner that protects the confidentiality of the injured worker (e.g., removal of personal identifiers).

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HEPATITIS B VACCINATION &POST EXPOSURE EVALUATION & FOLLOW-UP

All medical & lab procedures as described in this plan will be scheduled at no cost to the employee, and will be provided during normal business hours by a licensed physician or health care provider. Following is the name of the medical facility utilized by our company for the purpose of providing medical procedures described in this plan:

MEDICAL FACILITY NAME: __ Lee County Health Department __________

MEDICAL FACILITY ADDRESS: __ 83 Pondella Rd, North Ft Myers, FL 33903 __

MEDICAL FACILITY TELEPHONE: __ (239) 461-6100 Three shots $66 each __

Hepatitis B Vaccination:

1. The Hepatitis B vaccination will be made available to those employees who are determined to have occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials (OPIM), and they must comply with the procedures and work practices outlined within.

2. Employees may decline the Hepatitis B vaccination but are required to sign the attached "Hepatitis B Vaccine Declination" form (see Appendix). In addition, the company will make available the Hepatitis B vaccine to those employees, who initially declined the vaccine, but who are still covered under this standard, and have changed their mind and requested the vaccine.

3. Greater Pine Island Water Association will provide the health care professional responsible for administering the Hepatitis B vaccination with a copy of the OSHA 29 1910.1030 regulation.

4. Greater Pine Island Water Association will obtain and provide every employee with a copy of the evaluating health care professional's written opinion which will be limited to whether the Hepatitis B vaccination is indicated for an employee, and if the employee has received such a vaccination.

Post Exposure Evaluation & Follow-Up:

1. Greater Pine Island Water Association will immediately make available a confidential medical evaluation and follow up to any employee who

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reports an exposure incident. This report can be made on the attached "Post Exposure Evaluation" form (see Appendix) and must include the following:

a. Documentation of routes of exposure.b. Description of the circumstances surrounding exposure.c. Identification and documentation of the individual source.

2. The source individual's blood will be tested as soon as possible following the exposure incident and after consent is obtained to determine HBV and HIV infectivity. If consent is not obtained, documentation that legally required consent cannot be obtained must be made. If HBV and HIV status of the source individual is already known, repeat testing is not required.

3. Results of the source individual's testing will be made available to the exposed individual who will be informed of applicable laws and regulations concerning disclosure of the identity and infectious status of the source individual.

4. The exposed employee's blood will be collected and tested, upon consent being granted, as soon as possible after the exposure incident. In the event the employee does not grant permission for HIV testing, the blood sample will be preserved for a period of 90 days, during which period of time the employee may change his/ her mind and request testing.

5. Measures designed to preserve health and prevent the spread of disease, when medically indicated, will be offered and will include counseling and an evaluation of the reported illness.

6. Greater Pine Island Water Association will provide the health care professional responsible for evaluating an employee after an exposure incident with the following information:

a. A copy of the OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1030 regulation.b. A description of the employee's duties as they relate to the exposure

incident.c. Documentation of the routes of exposure and the circumstances

surrounding the exposure incident.d. Results of the individual's blood testing if available.e. All medical records relevant to the appropriate treatment of the

employee including vaccination status.

This information will be furnished to the health care professional using the attached "post Exposure Evaluation Form".

7. Greater Pine Island Water Association will obtain and provide every employee with a copy of the evaluating health care professional's written

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opinion which will be limited to the following:

a. A statement that the employee has been informed of the results of the evaluation.

b. A statement that the employee has been told about any medical conditions resulting from exposure to blood or other infectious materials which require further evaluation or treatment. All other medical findings or diagnoses will remain confidential and should not be included in the written report.

Medical Record Keeping:

1. Medical records including employees social security number; copies of employee's Hepatitis B vaccinations status (dates); any medical records relative to the employees ability to receive the vaccination; results of examinations; medical tests; follow-up procedures; and the physician's or health care professional's written opinion will be maintained for no less than 30 years for every employee of the company who is affected by this standard and who has been employed for more than one year.

2. Medical records for employees who have worked for less than one year may be maintained for the duration of employment only, if a copy is provided to the employee upon termination of employment.

3. All such medical records will be maintained by the safety officer. Access to Medical Records:

1. Medical records are made available to employees or their authorized representatives upon written request utilizing one of the attached Release of Medical Information forms.

a. Authorization for the Release of Employee Medical Record Information form.

b. Authorization of the Release of Employee Medical Information to Authorized Representatives form.

2. Health professionals providing medical or other occupational health services to exposed employees may access medical records on a "need to know" basis for the purpose of research and statistical studies. These individuals are bound to the same confidentiality requirements as medical professionals.

3. In the event of a medical emergency involving the employee where information in the employee medical record is deemed important to the immediate care of the individual, information contained in the record may be released upon request of the attending physician or responsible family member.

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4. To preserve the confidentiality of employee medical records, such records will be released only upon written request or authorization of the employee, or as required by law through an order of the court of competent jurisdiction. Before any medical record is released to a government agency without prior written employee consent, the approval of corporate employee relations and the corporate legal counsel must be obtained in order to determine whether such agency request falls within the regulatory authority of the agency.

5. The company may release company-initiated, composite statistical data regarding occupational health matters. In all such instances, the information will not be in individually identifiable form. Employee consent is not required in such instances.

6. Requests for medical records should be directed to the safety officer.

Labels & Signs:

1. All containers of regulated waste, refrigerators and freezers containing blood or other potentially infectious materials and all other containers used for storage, transport or shipping of blood or other potentially infectious materials will be clearly marked with a warning label. This warning label will be fluorescent orange or orange/red with lettering or symbols in a contrasting color.

2. Wherever applicable, red bags or red containers may be used instead of the warning labels.

3. The safety officer is responsible for ensuring that all containers are properly labeled at all times.

4. Individual containers of infectious materials that are placed in labeled containers for storage, transport or shipping need not be individually labeled.

5. Regulated wastes that have been decontaminated need not be labeled or color coded.

6. Signs bearing the Biohazard symbol should be posted at the entrance to all work areas where there is potential for occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens.

Training:

1. Greater Pine Island Water Association will provide training for every employee who, during the normal course of their work, has potential for occupational exposure. Employees are required to take part in this

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training as a condition of their employment.

2. The safety officer is responsible for providing this training and is knowledgeable in the subject matter covered in the training program as it relates to the workplace.

3. Training is provided at the time of initial assignment to tasks posing potential for occupational exposure and no less than annually thereafter.

4. Employees will receive additional training whenever there are modifications made to their tasks or procedures which affect an employee's risk of exposure.

5. Greater Pine Island Water Association Training program will include the following:

a. A general explanation of how disease is spread and controlled in population.

b. An explanation of how bloodborne pathogens are transmitted from one person to another.

c. An explanation of the company's Exposure Control Plan including how to obtain a copy.

d. An explanation of methods used to recognize tasks and other activities that may place an employee at risk for exposure to bloodborne pathogens.

e. An explanation of the methods and their limitations to be utilized to reduce or prevent exposure. These methods must include engineering controls, work practices, and personal protective clothing and equipment.

f. An explanation of the type of personal protective equipment available; its proper use; location of equipment; and procedures for removal, handling, decontamination and disposal of equipment.

g. An explanation of the basis for selection of personal protective equipment.

h. Information on the Hepatitis B vaccine; its effectiveness; its safety; its method of administration; its benefits; its availability to employees free of charge; and the employees option to refuse the vaccine.

i. An explanation of the appropriate actions to take and the person to contact in the event of an emergency involving bloodborne

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pathogens.

j. An explanation of the procedures to follow if an exposure incident occurs including the method of reporting the incident and available medical follow up.

k. An explanation of the employee’s responsibility for post exposure evaluation and follow up.

l. Information of signs and labeling requirements.

m. Interactive questions and answers session.

Training Record Keeping:

1. Records of training will be maintained for a period of 3 years from the date of training and will include the following:

a. Dates of training

b. Name(s) and qualifications of the person(s) conducting training.

c. Name(s) and job title(s) of person receiving training.

2. Training records will be made available to the Assistant Secretary of Labor and the Director of the National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health upon their request.

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Personal Protective Equipment REF 29 CFR 1910 Subpart I / 29 CFR 1926 Subpart E

Purpose:

The Greater Pine Island Water Association provides all employees with required PPE to suit the task and known hazards. This Chapter covers the requirements for Personal Protective Equipment with the exception of PPE used for hearing conservation and respiratory protection or PPE required for hazardous material response to spills or releases.

General Policy:

Engineering controls shall be the primary methods used to eliminate or minimize hazard exposure in the workplace. When such controls are not practical or applicable, personal protective equipment shall be employed to reduce or eliminate personnel exposure to hazards. Personal protective equipment (PPE) will be provided, used, and maintained when it has been determined that its use is required and that such use will lessen the likelihood of occupational injuries and/or illnesses.

Responsibilities:Management

Conduct hazard assessments to identify specific PPE for specific tasks

Train employees in the selection, use, inspection, storage, cleaning, and limitations of specific PPE

SupervisorsMonitor use of PPE Provide replacement PPE when needed Identify any new hazards that would require the use of PPE

EmployeesProperly use and care for assigned PPE Immediately inform supervisor if PPE is damaged or not effective

General Rules:1. DesignAll personal protective clothing and equipment will be of safe design and construction for the work to be performed. Only those items of protective clothing and equipment that meet National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) or American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standards will be procured or accepted for use.2. Hazard assessment and equipment selection

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Hazard analysis procedures shall be used to assess the workplace to determine if hazards are present, or are likely to be present, which necessitate the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). If such hazards are present, or likely to be present, the following actions will be taken:

a. Select, and have each affected employee use, the proper PPE; b. Communicate selection decisions to each affected employee;c. Select PPE that properly fits each affected employee.

3. Defective and damaged equipmentDefective or damaged personal protective equipment shall not be used.

Training:All Employees who are required to use PPE shall be trained to know at least the following:

When PPE is necessary; What PPE is necessary; How to properly don, remove, adjust, and wear PPE; The limitations of the PPE; The proper care, maintenance, useful life and disposal of the PPE.

Each affected Employee shall demonstrate an understanding of the training and the ability to use PPE properly, before being allowed to perform work requiring the use of PPE.

Certification of training for PPE is required by OSHA.

PPE Selection1. Controlling hazardsPPE devices alone should not be relied on to provide protection against hazards, but should be used in conjunction with guards, engineering controls, and sound manufacturing practices.

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2. Selection guidelinesThe general procedure for selection of protective equipment is to:

a. become familiar with the potential hazards and the type of protective equipment that is available, and what it can do; i.e., splash protection, impact protection, etc.;

b. compare the hazards associated with the environment; i.e., impact velocities, masses, projectile shape, radiation intensities, with the capabilities of the available protective equipment;

c. select the protective equipment which ensures a level of protection greater than the minimum required to protect employees from the hazards;

d. fit the user with the protective device and give instructions on care and use of the PPE. It is very important that end users be made aware of all warning labels for and limitations of their PPE.

3. Fitting the DeviceCareful consideration must be given to comfort and fit. PPE that fits poorly will not afford the necessary protection. Continued wearing of the device is more likely if it fits the wearer comfortably. Protective devices are generally available in a variety of sizes. Care should be taken to ensure that the right size is selected.

4. Devices with adjustable features.Adjustments should be made on an individual basis for a comfortable fit that will maintain the protective device in the proper position. Particular care should be taken in fitting devices for eye protection against dust and chemical splash to ensure that the devices are sealed to the face. In addition, proper fitting of helmets is important to ensure that it will not fall off during work operations. In some cases a chin strap may be necessary to keep the helmet on an employee's head. (Chin straps should break at a reasonably low force, however, so as to prevent a strangulation hazard). Where manufacturer's instructions are available, they should be followed carefully.

Eye and Face Protection:1. General requirementsThe majority of occupational eye injuries can be prevented by the use of suitable/approved safety spectacles, goggles, or shields. Approved eye and face protection shall be worn when there is a reasonable possibility of personal injury.

Each employee shall use appropriate eye or face protection when exposed to eye or face hazards from flying particles, molten metal, liquid chemicals, acids or caustic liquids, chemical gases or vapors, or potentially injurious light radiation.

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Each employee shall use eye protection that provides side protection when there is a hazard from flying objects. Detachable side protectors are acceptable.

Each employee who wears prescription lenses while engaged in operations that involve eye hazards shall wear eye protection that incorporates the prescription in its design, or shall wear eye protection that can be worn over the prescription lenses without disturbing the proper position of the prescription lenses or the protective lenses.

Eye and face PPE shall be distinctly marked to facilitate identification of the manufacturer.

Each employee shall use equipment with filter lenses that have a shade number appropriate for the work being performed for protection from injurious light radiation.

2. Typical hazards that can cause eye and face injury are: Splashes of toxic or corrosive chemicals, hot liquids, and

molten metals; Flying objects, such as chips of wood, metal, and stone dust; Fumes, gases, and mists of toxic or corrosive chemicals; and Aerosols of biological substances.

Prevention of eye accidents requires that all persons who may be in eye hazard areas wear protective eyewear. This includes employees, visitors, contractors, or others passing through an identified eye hazardous area. To provide protection for these personnel, activities shall procure a sufficient quantity of heavy duty goggles and/or plastic eye protectors which afford the maximum amount of protection possible. If these personnel wear personal glasses, they shall be provided with a suitable eye protector to wear over them.

3. Eye / Face Protection SpecificationsEye and face protectors procured, issued to, and used by employees, contractors and visitors must conform to the following design and performance standards:

a. Provide adequate protection against the particular hazards for which they are designed;

b. Fit properly and offer the least possible resistance to movement and cause minimal discomfort while in use;

c. Be durable;d. Be easily cleaned or disinfected for or by the wearer;e. Be clearly marked to identify the manufacturer;f. Persons who require corrective lenses for normal vision, and who are required

to wear eye protection, must wear goggles or spectacles of one of the following types.

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4. Types of Eye / Face Protectiona. Spectacles with protective lenses which provide optical correction.b. Goggles that can be worn over spectacles without disturbing the adjustment of

the spectacles.c. Goggles that incorporate corrective lenses mounted behind the protective

lenses.

5. Eye & Face Protector Usea. Safety Spectacles: Protective eye glasses are made with safety frames,

tempered glass or plastic lenses, temples and side shields which provide eye protection from moderate impact and particles encountered in job tasks such as carpentry, woodworking, grinding, scaling, etc.

b. Single Lens Goggles: Vinyl framed goggles of soft pliable body design provide adequate eye protection from many hazards. These goggles are available with clear or tinted lenses, perforated, port vented, or non-vented frames. Single lens goggles provide similar protection to spectacles and may be worn in combination with spectacles or corrective lenses to insure protection along with proper vision.

c. Welders/Chippers Goggles: These goggles are available in rigid and soft frames to accommodate single or two eye piece lenses.

i. Welder’s goggles provide protection from sparking, scaling or splashing metals and harmful light rays. Lenses are impact resistant and are available in graduated shades of filtration.

ii. Chippers/grinders goggles provide eye protection from flying particles. The dual protective eye cups house impact resistant clear lenses with individual cover plates.

d. Face Shields: These normally consist of an adjustable headgear and face shield of tinted/transparent acetate or polycarbonate materials, or wire screen. Face shields are available in various sizes, tensile strength, impact/heat resistance and light ray filtering capacity. Face shields will be used in operations when the entire face needs protection and should be worn to protect eyes and face against flying particles, metal sparks, and chemical/ biological splash.

e. Welding Shields: These shield assemblies consist of vulcanized fiber or glass fiber body, a ratchet/button type adjustable headgear or cap attachment and a filter and cover plate holder. These shields will be provided to protect workers' eyes and face from infrared or radiant light burns, flying sparks, metal spatter and slag chips encountered during welding, brazing, soldering, resistance welding, bare or shielded electric arc welding and oxyacetylene welding and cutting operations.

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Filter Lenses for Protection Against Radiant EnergyOperations Electrode Size

1/32 in Arc Current Protective Shade

Shielded metal arc welding Less than 3 Less than 60 7

3-5 60-160 85-8 160-250 10More than 8 250-550 11

Torch brazing 3Torch soldering 2Note: as a rule of thumb, start with a shade that is too dark to see the weld zone. Then go to a lighter shade which gives sufficient view of the weld zone without going below the minimum. In oxyfuel gas welding or cutting where the torch produces a high yellow light, it is desirable to use a filter lens that absorbs the yellow or sodium line in the visible light of the (spectrum) operation.

Selection chart guidelines for eye and face protectionThe following chart provides general guidance for the proper selection of eye and face

protection to protect against hazards associated with the listed hazard "source" operations.Source Hazard ProtectionIMPACT - Chipping, grinding machining, masonry work, woodworking, sawing, drilling, chiseling, powered fastening, riveting, and sanding

Flying fragments, objects, large chips, particles, sand, dirt, etc.

Spectacles with side protection, goggles, face shieldFor severe exposure, use face shield

HEAT-Furnace operation and arc welding Hot sparks

Faceshields,, spectacles with side. For severe exposure use faceshield.

CHEMICALS-Acid and chemical handling, degreasing, plating

SplashGoggles, eyecup and cover types. For severe exposure, use face shield.

DUST - Woodworking, buffing, general, buffing, general dusty conditions.

Nuisance dust Goggles, eye cup and cover type

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Head Protection:1. General requirements

Hats and caps have been designed and manufactured to provide workers protection from impact, heat, electrical and fire hazards. These protectors consist of the shell and the suspension combined as a protective system. Safety hats and caps will be of nonconductive, fire and water resistant materials. Bump caps or skull guards are constructed of lightweight materials and are designed to provide minimal protection against hazards when working in congested areas.Head protection will be furnished to, and used by, all employees and contractors engaged in construction and other miscellaneous work in head-hazard areas. Head protection will also be required to be worn by engineers, inspectors, and visitors at construction sites. Bump caps/skull guards will be issued to and worn for protection against scalp lacerations from contact with sharp objects. They will not be worn as substitutes for safety caps/hats because they do not afford protection from high impact forces or penetration by falling objects.

2. Selection guidelines for head protectionAll head protection is designed to provide protection from impact and penetration hazards caused by falling objects. Head protection is also available which provides protection from electric shock and burn. When selecting head protection, knowledge of potential electrical hazards is important. Class A helmets, in addition to impact and penetration resistance, provide electrical protection from low-voltage conductors (they are proof tested to 2,200 volts). Class B helmets, in addition to impact and penetration resistance, provide electrical protection from high-voltage conductors (they are proof tested to 20,000 volts). Class C helmets provide impact and penetration resistance (they are usually made of aluminum which conducts electricity), and should not be used around electrical hazards.Where falling object hazards are present, helmets must be worn. Some examples include: working below other workers who are using tools and materials which could fall; working around or under conveyor belts which are carrying parts or materials; working below machinery or processes which might cause material or objects to fall; and working on exposed energized conductors.

Foot Protection:1. General requirementsEach affected employee shall wear protective footwear when working in areas where there is a danger of foot injuries due to falling or rolling objects, or objects piercing the sole, and where employee's feet are exposed to electrical hazards.

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2. Selection guidelines for foot protectionSafety shoes and boots provide both impact and compression protection. Where necessary, safety shoes can be obtained which provide puncture protection. In some work situations, metatarsal protection should be provided, and in other special situations electrical conductive or insulating safety shoes would be appropriate. Safety shoes or boots with impact protection would be required for carrying or handling materials such as packages, objects, parts or heavy tools, which could be dropped; and, for other activities where objects might fall onto the feet. Safety shoes or boots with compression protection would be required for work activities involving skid trucks (manual material handling carts) around bulk rolls (such as paper rolls) and around heavy pipes, all of which could potentially roll over an employee's feet. Safety shoes or boots with puncture protection would be required where sharp objects such as nails, wire, tacks, screws, large staples, scrap metal etc., could be stepped on by employees causing a foot injury.

Hand Protection1. General RequirementsHand protection is required when employees' hands are exposed to hazards such as those from skin absorption of harmful substances; severe cuts or lacerations; severe abrasions; punctures; chemical burns; thermal burns; and harmful temperature extremes. Skin contact is a potential source of exposure to toxic materials; it is important that the proper steps be taken to prevent such contact. Gloves should be selected on the basis of the material being handled, the particular hazard involved, and their suitability for the operation being conducted. One type of glove will not work in all situations.Most accidents involving hands and arms can be classified under four main hazard categories: chemicals, abrasions, cutting, and heat. There are gloves available that can protect workers from any of these individual hazards or combination of hazards.Gloves should be replaced periodically, depending on frequency of use and permeability to the substance(s) handled. Gloves overtly contaminated should be rinsed and then carefully removed after use. Gloves should also be worn whenever it is necessary to handle rough or sharp-edged objects, and very hot or very cold materials. The type of glove materials to be used in these situations include leather, welder's gloves, aluminum-backed gloves, and other types of insulated glove materials.Careful attention must be given to protecting your hands when working with tools and machinery. Power tools and machinery must have guards installed or incorporated into their design that prevent the hands from contacting the point of operation, power train, or other moving parts. To protect the hands from injury due to contact with moving parts, it is important to:

Ensure that guards are always in place and used;Always lock out machines or tools and disconnect the power before

making repairs; Treat a machine without a guard as inoperative; and Do not wear gloves around moving machinery, such as drill presses,

mills, lathes, and grinders.

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2. Selection guidelines for hand protectionSelection of hand PPE shall be based on an evaluation of the performance characteristics of the hand protection relative to the task(s) to be performed, conditions present, duration of use, and the hazards and potential hazards identified. Gloves are often relied upon to prevent cuts, abrasions, burns, and skin contact with chemicals that are capable of causing local or systemic effects following dermal exposure. There is no glove that provides protection against all potential hand hazards, and commonly available glove materials provide only limited protection against many chemicals. Therefore, it is important to select the most appropriate glove for a particular application and to determine how long it can be worn, and whether it can be reused. It is also important to know the performance characteristics of gloves relative to the specific hazard anticipated; e.g., chemical hazards, cut hazards, flame hazards, etc. Before purchasing gloves, request documentation from the manufacturer that the gloves meet the appropriate test standard(s) for the hazard(s) anticipated. Other factors to be considered for glove selection in general include:

a. As long as the performance characteristics are acceptable, in certain circumstances, it may be more cost effective to regularly change cheaper gloves than to reuse more expensive types.

b. The work activities of the employee should be studied to determine the degree of dexterity required, the duration, frequency, and degree of exposure of the hazard, and the physical stresses that will be applied.

3. Selection of gloves for chemical hazardsThe first consideration in the selection of gloves for use against chemicals is to determine, if possible, the exact nature of the substances to be encountered. Read instructions and warnings on chemical container labels and SDSs before working with any chemical. Recommended glove types are often listed in the section for personal protective equipment.All glove materials are eventually permeated by chemicals. However, they can be used safely for limited time periods if specific use and glove characteristics (i.e., thickness and permeation rate and time) are known. The safety office can assist is determining the specific type of glove material that should be worn for a particular chemical.

a. The toxic properties of the chemical(s) must be determined; in particular, the ability of the chemical to cause local effects on the skin and/or to pass through the skin and cause systemic effects.

b. Generally, any "chemical resistant" glove can be used for dry powders.c. For mixtures and formulated products (unless specific test data are available),

a glove should be selected on the basis of the chemical component with the shortest breakthrough time, since it is possible for solvents to carry active ingredients through polymeric materials.

d. Employees must be able to remove the gloves in such a manner as to prevent skin contamination.

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GOTO cmreports.us/PineIslandDOCS

Section: “Assessments/Templates/Surveys”

“RO PLANT”

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GOTO cmreports.us/PineIslandDOCS

Section: “Assessments/Templates/Surveys”

“DISTRIBUTION”

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Confined Space ProgramREF 29 CFR 1926 Subpart AA

Purpose:The Confined Space Entry Program is provided to protect authorized employees that will enter confined spaces and may be exposed to hazardous atmospheres, engulfment in materials, conditions which may trap or asphyxiate due to converging or sloping walls, or contains any other safety or health hazards.

Responsibilities:Management

Ensure confined space assessments have been conducted Ensure all permit required confined spaces are posted Annually review this program and all Entry Permits

Employees Follow program requirements Report any previously un-identified hazards associated with

confined spaces Entry Supervisor

Entry supervisors are responsible for the overall permit space entry and must coordinate all entry procedures, tests, permits, equipment and other relevant activities. The following entry supervisor duties are required: 1. Know the hazards that may be faced during entry, including

information on the mode, signs or symptoms, and consequences of the exposure;

2. Verifies, by checking that the appropriate entries have been made on the permit, all test specified by the permit have been conducted and that all procedures and equipment specified by the permit are in place before endorsing the permit and allowing entry to begin ;

3. Terminate the entry and cancel the permit when the entry is complete and there is a need for terminating the permit;

4. Verify that rescue services are available and that the means for summoning them are operable;

5. Remove unauthorized persons who enter or attempt to enter the space during entry operations;

6. Determine whenever responsibility for a permit space entry operation is transferred and at intervals dictated by the hazards and operations performed within the space that entry operations remain consistent with the permit terms and that acceptable entry conditions are maintained.

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Entry AttendantsAt least one attendant is required outside the permit space into

which entry is authorized for the duration of the entry operation. Responsibilities include: 1. Know the hazards that may be faced during entry, including

information on the mode, signs or symptoms, and consequences of the exposure;

2. Be aware of possible behavioral effects of hazard exposure on entrants;

3. Continuously maintain an accurate count of entrants in the permit space and ensures a means to accurately identify authorized entrants;

4. Remain outside the permit space during entry operations until relieved by another attendant (once properly relieved, they may participate in other permit space activities, including rescue if they are properly trained and equipped);

5. Communicate with entrants as necessary to monitor entrant status and alert entrants of the need to evacuate;

6. Monitor activities inside and outside the space to determine if it is safe for entrants to remain in the space and orders the entrants to immediately evacuate if: the attendant detects a prohibited condition, detects entrant behavioral effects of hazard exposure, detects a situation outside the space that could endanger the entrants; or if the attendant cannot effectively and safely perform all the attendant duties;

7. Summon rescue and other emergency services as soon as the attendant determines the entrants need assistance to escape the permit space hazards;

8. Not to perform duties that might interfere with the attendants' primary duty to monitor and protect the entrants;

9. Take the following action when unauthorized persons approach or enter a permit space while entry is under way:

i. Warn the unauthorized persons that they must stay away from the permit space,

ii. Advise unauthorized persons that they must exit immediately if they have entered the space, and

iii. Inform the authorized entrants and the entry supervisor if unauthorized persons have entered the permit space.

EntrantsAll entrants must be authorized by the entry supervisor to enter

permit spaces, have received the required training, used the proper equipment, and observes the entry procedures and permit. The following entrant duties are required: 1. Know the hazards that may be faced during entry, including

information on the mode, signs or symptoms, and consequences of the exposure;

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2. Properly use the equipment required for safe entry; 3. Communicate with the attendant as necessary to enable the

attendant to monitor the status of the entrants and to enable the attendant to alert the entrants of the need to evacuate the space if necessary;

4. Alert the attendant whenever; the entrant recognizes any warning signs or symptoms of exposure to a dangerous situation, or any prohibited condition is detected; and

5. Exit the permit space as quickly as possible whenever; the attendant or entry supervisor gives an order to evacuate the permit space, the entrant recognized any warning signs or symptoms of exposure to a dangerous situation, the entrant detects a prohibited condition, or an evacuation alarm activated.

Hazards:Explosive / Flammable Atmospheres Toxic Atmospheres Engulfment Asphyxiation Entrapment Slips & falls Chemical Exposure Electric Shock Thermal / Chemical Burns Noise & Vibration

Hazard Control:1. Engineering Controls

Locked entry points Temporary ventilation Temporary lighting

2. Administrative ControlsSigns Employee training Entry procedures Atmospheric monitoring Rescue procedures Use of prescribed PPE

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Definitions:1. Confined space

Is large enough or so configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform work.

Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit (i.e. tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins, hoppers, vaults, and pits are spaces that may have limited means of entry).

Is not designed for continuous employee occupancy.

2. Permit required confined space (permit space), is a confined space that has one or more of the following characteristics:

a. Contains or has a potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere; b. Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an

entrant; c. Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be

trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly covering walls or by a floor which slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross-section;

d. Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard.

Each Permit-Required Confined Space will be marked "Confined Space - Entry Permit Required".

Entry Standard Operating Procedures (SOP):

A Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) has been developed for each space to standardize the entry procedure. The SOP outlines:

Hazards Hazard Control & Abatement Acceptable Entry Conditions Means of Entry Entry Equipment Required Emergency Procedures

 

Permit Required Confined Space Entry General Rules:During all Confined Space Entries, the following Safety Rules must be strictly enforced:

1. Only Authorized and Trained Employees may enter a Confined Space or act as Safety Watchmen.

2. No Smoking is permitted in a Confined Space or near entrance/exit area.3. During Confined Space Entries, a Watchmen must be present at all times.4. Constant visual or voice communication will be maintained between the Safety

Watchmen and Employees entering a Confined Space.

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5. No bottom or side entry will be made or work conducted below the level any hanging material or material which could cause engulfment.

6. Air and Oxygen Monitoring is required before entering any Permit-Required Confined Space. Oxygen levels in a Confined Space must be between 19.5 and 23.5 percent. Levels above or below will require the use of an SCBA or other approved air supplied respirator. Additional ventilation and Oxygen Level Monitoring is required when welding is performed. The monitoring will check Oxygen Levels, Explosive Gas Levels and Carbon Monoxide Levels. Entry will not be permitted if explosive gas is detected above one-half the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL).

7. To prevent injuries to others, all openings to Confined Spaces will be protected by a barricade when covers are removed.

 

Confined Space Entry Procedures:Each employee who enters or is involved in the entry must:

1. Understand the procedures for confined Space Entry2. Know the Hazards of the specific space3. Review the specific procedures for each entry4. Understand how to use entry and rescue equipment

 

Confined Space Entry Permits:Confined Space Entry Permits must be completed before any Employee enters a Permit-Required Confined Space. The Permit must be completed and signed by an Authorized Member of Management before entry.

Permits will expire before the completion of the shift or if any pre-entry conditions change. Permits will be maintained on file for 12 months.

 

Contractor Entry:All work by non-company employees that involves the entry into confined spaces will follow the procedures of this program. The information of this program and specific hazards of the confined spaces to be entered will be provided to Contractor Management prior to commencing entry or work.

Training:Training for Confined Space Entry includes:

1. Duties of Entry Supervisor, Entrant and Attendants2. Confined Space Entry permits3. Hazards of Confined Spaces

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4. Use of Air Monitoring Equipment5. Confined Space Entry & Rescue Equipment

Confined Space Hazards:1. Flammable AtmospheresA flammable atmosphere generally arises from enriched oxygen atmospheres, vaporization of flammable liquids, byproducts of work, chemical reactions, concentrations of combustible dusts, and description of chemical from inner surfaces of the confined space.An atmosphere becomes flammable when the ratio of oxygen to combustible material in the air is neither too rich nor too lean for combustion to occur. Combustible gases or vapors will accumulate when there is inadequate ventilation in areas such as a confined space. Flammable gases such as acetylene, butane, propane, hydrogen, methane, natural or manufactured gases or vapors from liquid hydrocarbons can be trapped in confined spaces, and since many gases are heavier than air, they will seek lower levels as in pits, sewers, and various types of storage tanks and vessels. In a closed top tank, it should also be noted that lighter than air gases may rise and develop a flammable concentration if trapped above the opening.The byproducts of work procedures can generate flammable or explosive conditions within a confined space. Specific kinds of work such as spray painting can result in the release of explosive gases or vapors. Welding in a confined space is a major cause of explosions in areas that contain combustible gas.Chemical reactions forming flammable atmospheres occur when surfaces are initially exposed to the atmosphere, or when chemicals combine to form flammable gases. This condition arises when dilute sulfuric acid reacts with iron to form hydrogen or when calcium carbide makes contact with water to form acetylene. Other examples of spontaneous chemical reactions that may produce explosions from small amounts of unstable compounds are acetylene-metal compounds, peroxides, and nitrates. In a dry state, these compounds have the potential to explode upon percussion or exposure to increased temperature. Another class of chemical reactions that form flammable atmospheres arise from deposits of phosphoric substances (carbon, ferrous oxide, ferrous sulfate, iron, etc.) that can be found in tanks used by the chemical and petroleum industry. These tanks containing flammable deposits will spontaneously ignite upon exposure to air.Combustible dust concentrations are usually found during the process of loading, unloading, and conveying grain products, nitrated fertilizers, finely ground chemical products, and any other combustible material. High charges of static electricity, which rapidly accumulate during periods of relatively low humidity (below 50%), can cause certain substances to accumulate electrostatic charges of sufficient energy to produce sparks and ignite a flammable atmosphere. These sparks may also cause explosions when the right air or oxygen to dust or gas mixture is present.

2. Toxic Atmospheres

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The substances to be regarded as toxic in a confined space can cover the entire spectrum of gases, vapors, and finely-divided airborne dust in industry. The sources of toxic atmospheres encountered may arise from the following: 1. The manufacturing process (for example, in producing polyvinyl chloride, hydrogen

chloride is used as will as vinyl chloride monomer, which is carcinogenic). 2. The product stored [removing decomposed organic material from a tank can liberate

toxic substances, such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S)].

The operation performed in the confined space (for example, welding or brazing with metals capable of producing toxic fumes). During loading, unloading, formulation, and production, mechanical and/or human error may also produce toxic gases which are not part of the planned operation.Carbon monoxide (CO) is a hazardous gas that may build up in a confined space. This odorless, colorless gas that has approximately the same density as air is formed from incomplete combustion of organic materials such as wood, coal, gas, oil, and gasoline; it can be formed from microbial decomposition of organic matter in sewers, silos, and fermentation tanks. Carbon monoxide is an insidious toxic gas because of its poor warning properties. Early stages of CO intoxication are nausea and headache. Carbon monoxide may be fatal at 1000 ppm in air, and is considered dangerous at 200 ppm, because it forms carboxyhemoglobin in the blood which prevents the distribution of oxygen in the body.Carbon monoxide is a relatively abundant colorless, odorless gas, therefore, any untested atmosphere must be suspect. It must also be noted that a safe reading on a combustible gas indicator does not ensure that CO is not present. Carbon monoxide must be tested for specifically. The formation of CO may result from chemical reactions or work activities, therefore fatalities due to CO poisoning are not confined to any particular industry. There have been fatal accidents in sewage treatment plants due to decomposition products and lack of ventilation in confined spaces. Another area where CO results as a product of decomposition is in the formation of silo gas in grain storage elevators. In another area, the paint industry, varnish is manufactured by introducing the various ingredients into a kettle, and heating them in an inert atmosphere, usually town gas, which is a mixture of carbon dioxide and nitrogen.In welding operations, oxides of nitrogen and ozone are gases of major toxicological importance, and incomplete oxidation may occur and carbon monoxide can form as a byproduct.Another poor work practice, which has led to fatalities, is the re-circulation of diesel exhaust emissions. Increased CO levels can be prevented by strict control of the ventilation and the use of catalytic convertors.

3. Irritant (Corrosive) AtmospheresIrritant or corrosive atmospheres can be divided into primary and secondary groups. The primary irritants exert no systemic toxic effects (effects on the entire body). Examples of primary irritants are chlorine, ozone, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, nitrogen dioxide, ammonia, and sulfur dioxide. A secondary irritant is one that may

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produce systemic toxic effects in addition to surface irritation. Examples of secondary irritants include benzene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl chloride, trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, and chloropropene.Irritant gases vary widely among all areas of industrial activity. They can be found in plastics plants, chemical plants, the petroleum industry, tanneries, refrigeration industries, paint manufacturing, and mining operations.Prolonged exposure at irritant or corrosive concentrations in a confined space may produce little or no evidence of irritation. This may result in a general weakening of the defense reflexes from changes in sensitivity. The danger in this situation is that the worker is usually not aware of any increase in his/her exposure to toxic substances.

4. Asphyxiating AtmospheresThe normal atmosphere is composed approximately of 20.9% oxygen and 78.1% nitrogen, and 1% argon with small amounts of various other gases. Reduction of oxygen in a confined space may be the result of either consumption or displacement.The consumption of oxygen takes place during combustion of flammable substances, as in welding, heating, cutting, and brazing. A more subtle consumption of oxygen occurs during bacterial action, as in the fermentation process. Oxygen may also be consumed during chemical reactions as in the formation of rust on the exposed surface of the confined space (iron oxide). The number of people working in a confined space and the amount of their physical activity will also influence the oxygen consumption rate.A second factor in oxygen deficiency is displacement by another gas. Examples of gases that are used to displace air, and therefore reduce the oxygen level are helium, argon, and nitrogen. Carbon dioxide may also be used to displace air and can occur naturally in sewers, storage bins, wells, tunnels, wine vats, and grain elevators. Aside from the natural development of these gases, or their use in the chemical process, certain gases are also used as inert agents to displace flammable substances and retard phosphoric reactions. Gases such as nitrogen, argon, helium, and carbon dioxide, are frequently referred to as non-toxic inert gases but have claimed many lives. The use of nitrogen to inert a confined space has claimed more lives than carbon dioxide. The total displacement of oxygen by nitrogen will cause immediate collapse and death. Carbon dioxide and argon, with specific gravities greater than air, may lie in a tank or manhole for hours or days after opening. Since these gases are colorless and odorless, they pose an immediate hazard to health unless appropriate oxygen measurements and ventilation are adequately carried out.Oxygen deprivation is one form of asphyxiation. While it is desirable to maintain the atmospheric oxygen level at 21% by volume, the body can tolerate deviation from this ideal. When the oxygen level falls to 17%, the first sign of hypoxia is a deterioration to night vision which is not noticeable until a normal oxygen concentration is restored. Physiologic effects are increased breathing volume and accelerated heartbeat. Between 14-16% physiologic effects are increased breathing volume, accelerated heartbeat, very poor muscular coordination, rapid fatigue, and intermittent respiration. Between 6-10% the effects are nausea, vomiting, inability to perform, and unconsciousness. Less than 6%, spasmodic breathing, convulsive movements, and death in minutes.

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5. Mechanical HazardsIf activation of electrical or mechanical equipment would cause injury, each piece of equipment should be manually isolated to prevent inadvertent activation before workers enter or while they work in a confined space. The interplay of hazards associated with a confined space, such as the potential of flammable vapors or gases being present, and the build-up of static charge due to mechanical cleaning, such as abrasive blasting, all influence the precautions which must be taken.To prevent vapor leaks, flashbacks, and other hazards, workers should completely isolate the space. To completely isolate a confined space, the closing of valves is not sufficient. All pipes must be physically disconnected or isolation blanks bolted in place. Other special precautions must be taken in cases where flammable liquids or vapors may re-contaminate the confined space. The pipes blanked or disconnected should be inspected and tested for leakage to check the effectiveness of the procedure. Other areas of concern are steam valves, pressure lines, and chemical transfer pipes. A less apparent hazard is the space referred to as a void, such as double walled vessels, which must be given special consideration in blanking off and inert.

a. Thermal EffectsFour factors influence the interchange of heat between people and their environment. They are: (1) air temperature, (2) air velocity, (3) moisture contained in the air, and (4) radiant heat. Because of the nature and design of most confined spaces, moisture content and radiant heat are difficult to control. As the body temperature rises progressively, workers will continue to function until the body temperature reaches approximately 102oF. When this body temperature is exceeded, the workers are less efficient, and are prone to heat exhaustion, heat cramps, or heat stroke. In a cold environment, certain physiologic mechanisms come into play, which tend to limit heat loss and increase heat production. The most severe strain in cold conditions is chilling of the extremities so that activity is restricted. Special precautions must be taken in cold environments to prevent frostbite, trench foot, and general hypothermia.Protective insulated clothing for both hot and cold environments will add additional bulk to the worker and must be considered in allowing for movement in the confined space and exit time. Therefore, air temperature of the environment becomes an important consideration when evaluating working conditions in confined spaces.

b. NoiseNoise problems are usually intensified in confined spaces because the interior tends to cause sound to reverberate and thus expose the worker to higher sound levels than those found in an open environment. This intensified noise increases the risk of hearing damage to workers which could result in temporary or permanent loss of hearing. Noise in a confined space which may not be intense enough to cause hearing damage may still disrupt verbal communication with the emergency standby person on the exterior of the confined space. If the workers inside are not able to hear commands or danger signals due to excessive noise, the probability of severe accidents can increase.

c. VibrationWhole body vibration may affect multiple body parts and organs depending upon the vibration characteristics. Segmental vibration, unlike whole body vibration, appears to be

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more localized in creating injury to the fingers and hands of workers using tools, such as pneumatic hammers, rotary grinders or other hand tools which cause vibration.

d. Other HazardsSome physical hazards cannot be eliminated because of the nature of the confined space or the work to be performed. These hazards include such items as scaffolding, surface residues, and structural hazards. The use of scaffolding in confined spaces has contributed to many accidents caused by workers or materials falling, improper use of guard rails, and lack of maintenance to insure worker safety. The choice of material used for scaffolding depends upon the type of work to be performed, the calculated weight to be supported, the surface on which the scaffolding is placed, and the substance previously stored in the confined space.

Surface residues in confined spaces can increase the already hazardous conditions of electrical shock, reaction of incompatible materials, liberation of toxic substances, and bodily injury due to slips and falls. Without protective clothing, additional hazards to health may arise due to surface residues.

Structural hazards within a confined space such as baffles in horizontal tanks, trays in vertical towers, bends in tunnels, overhead structural members, or scaffolding installed for maintenance constitute physical hazards, which are exacerbated by the physical surroundings. In dealing with structural hazards, workers must review and enforce safety precautions to assure safety.

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GOTO cmreports.us/PineIslandDOCS

Section: “Assessments/Templates/Surveys”

“Confined Space Permit”

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Lockout/Tagout Program (LOTO)REF 29 CFR 1910.147

Purpose:

Control of hazardous energy is the purpose of the Lockout- Tagout Program. This program establishes the requirements for isolation of both kinetic and potential electrical, chemical, thermal, hydraulic and pneumatic and gravitational energy prior to equipment repair, adjustment or removal.

Definitions:

1. Authorized (Qualified) Employees are the only ones certified to lock and tagout equipment or machinery. Whether an employee is considered to be qualified will depend upon various circumstances in the workplace. It is likely for an individual to be considered "qualified" with regard to certain equipment in the workplace, but "unqualified" as to other equipment. An employee who is undergoing on-the-job training and who, in the course of such training, has demonstrated an ability to perform duties safely at his or her level of training and who is under the direct supervision of a qualified person, is considered to be "qualified" for the performance of those duties.

2. Affected Employees are those employees who operate machinery or equipment upon which lockout or tagging out is required under this program. Training of these individuals will be less stringent in that it will include the purpose and use of the lockout procedures.

3. Other Employees are identified as those that do not fall into the authorized, affected or qualified employee category. Essentially, it will include all other employees. These employees will be provided instruction in what the program is and not to touch any machine or equipment when they see that it has been locked or tagged out.

Training:1. Authorized Employees Training

All Employees and Supervisors will be trained to use the Lock and Tag Out Procedures. The training will be conducted by the Supervisor or Management at time of initial hire. Retraining shall be held at least annually. The training will consist of the following:

a. Review of general procedures ;b. Review of specific procedures for machinery, equipment

and processes;c. Location and use of specific procedures;

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d. Procedures when questions arise .

2. Affected Employee Training

a. Only trained and authorized employees will repair, replace or adjust machinery, equipment or processes ;

b. Affected employees may not remove locks, locking devices or tags from machinery, equipment or circuits;

c. Purpose and use of the lockout procedures. 3. Other Employee Training

a. Only trained and authorized employees will repair, replace or adjust machinery or equipment;

b. Other employees may not remove locks, locking devices or tags from machinery, equipment or circuits.

Preparation for Lock and Tag Out Procedures:

A Lockout / Tagout process has been developed for each piece of equipment and machinery. This process describes the energy sources, location of disconnects, type of disconnect, special hazards and special safety procedures. Lockout - Tagout surveys have been completed using the appropriate form (see final page in this chapter) to locate and identify all energy sources to verify which switches or valves supply energy to machinery and equipment.

The process will be reviewed each time to ensure employees properly lock and tag out equipment and machinery. If a Lockout / Tagout process does not exist for a particular piece of equipment, machinery and process, one must be developed prior to conducting a Lockout – Tagout utilizing the appropriate LOTO survey form. As repairs and/or renovations of existing electrical systems are made, standardized controls will be used.

Routine Maintenance & Machine Adjustments:

Lock and Tag Out procedures are not required if equipment must be operating for proper adjustment. This rare exception may be used only by trained and authorized Employees when specific procedures have been developed to safely avoid hazards with proper training. All consideration shall be made to prevent the need for an employee to break the plane of a normally guarded area of the equipment by use of tools and other devices.

Locks, Hasps and Tags:

All Qualified Personnel will be assigned a lock with one key, hasp and tag. All locks will be keyed differently, except when a specific individual is issues a series of locks for complex lockout-tagout tasks. In some cases, more than one lock, hasp and tag are needed to completely de-energize equipment and machinery. All locks and hasps shall be uniquely identifiable to a specific employee.  

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SOP: General Lock and Tag Out Procedures:

Before working on, repairing, adjusting or replacing machinery and equipment, the following procedures will be utilized to place the machinery and equipment in a neutral or zero mechanical state.

1. Preparation for Shutdown: Before authorized or affected employees turn off a machine or piece of equipment, the authorized employee will have knowledge of the type and magnitude of the energy, the hazards of the energy to be controlled, and the means to control the energy.

Notify all affected Employees that the machinery, equipment or process will be out of service

2. Machine or Equipment Shutdown: The machine or equipment will be turned or shut down using the specific procedures for that specific machine. An orderly shutdown will be utilized to avoid any additional or increased hazards to employees as a result of equipment de-energization.

If the machinery, equipment or process is in operation, follow normal stopping procedures (depress stop button, open toggle switch, etc.).

Move switch or panel arms to "Off" or "Open" positions and close all valves or other energy isolating devices so that the energy source(s) is disconnected or isolated from the machinery or equipment.

3. Machine or Equipment Isolation: All energy control devices that are needed to control the energy to the machine or equipment will be physically located and operated in such a manner as to isolate the machine or equipment from the energy source.

4. Lockout or Tagout Device Application: Lockout or tagout devices will be affixed to energy isolating devices by authorized employees. Lockout devices will be affixed in a manner that will hold the energy isolating devices from the "safe" or "off" position.

Where tagout devices are used they will be affixed in such a manner that will clearly state that the operation or the movement of energy isolating devices from the "safe" or "off" positions is prohibited.

The tagout devices will be attached to the same point a lock would be attached. If the tag cannot be affixed at that point, the tag will be located as close as possible to the device in a position that will be immediately obvious to anyone attempting to operate the device.

Lock and tag out all energy devices by use of hasps, chains and valve covers with an assigned individual locks.

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5. Stored Energy: Following the application of the lockout or tagout devices to the energy isolating devices, all potential or residual energy will be relieved, disconnected, restrained, and otherwise rendered safe.

Where the re-accumulation of stored energy to a hazardous energy level is possible, verification of isolation will be continued until the maintenance or servicing is complete.

Release stored energy (capacitors, springs, elevated members, rotating fly wheels, and hydraulic/air/gas/steam systems) must be relieved or restrained by grounding, repositioning, blocking and/or bleeding the system.

Verification of Isolation

Prior to starting work on machines or equipment that have been locked or tagged out, the authorized employees will verify that isolation or de-energization of the machine or equipment have been accomplished.

After assuring that no Employee will be placed in danger, test all lock and tag outs by following the normal start up procedures (depress start button, etc.).

Caution: After test, place controls in neutral position

Extended Lockout - Tagout

Should the shift change before the machinery or equipment can be restored to service, the lock and tag out must remain. If the task is reassigned to the next shift, those Employees must lock and tag out before the previous shift may remove their lock and tag. SOP: Release from Lockout - Tagout

Before lockout or tagout devices are removed and the energy restored to the machine or equipment, the following actions will be taken:

1. The work area will be thoroughly inspected to ensure that nonessential items have been removed and that machine or equipment components are operational.

2. The work are will be checked to ensure that all employees have been safely positioned or removed. Before the lockout or tagout devices are removed, the affected employees will be notified that the lockout or tagout devices are being removed.

3. Each lockout or tagout device will be removed from each energy isolating device by the employee who applied the device.

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 SOP: LOTO Procedure for Electrical Plug-Type Equipment

This procedure covers all Electrical Plug-Type Equipment such as Battery Chargers, some Product Pumps, Office Equipment, Powered Hand Tools, Powered Bench Tools, Lathes, Fans, etc.

When working on, repairing, or adjusting the above equipment, the following procedures must be utilized to prevent accidental or sudden startup:

1. Unplug Electrical Equipment from wall socket or in-line socket.2. Attach "Do Not Operate" Tag and Plug Box & Lock on end of power cord.

An exception is granted to not lock & tag the plug is the cord & plug remain in the exclusive control of the Employee working on, adjusting or inspecting the equipment.

3. Test Equipment to assure power source has been removed by depressing the "Start" or On" Switch.

4. Perform required operations.5. Replace all guards removed.6. Remove Lock & Plug Box and Tag. 7. Inspect power cord and socket before plugging equipment into power source. Any defects

must be repaired before placing the equipment back in service.

SOP: LOTO Procedures Involving More Than One Employee

In the preceding SOPs, if more than one Employee is assigned to a task requiring a lock and tag out, each must also place his or her own lock and tag on the energy isolating device(s).

SOP: Management's Removal of Lock and Tag Out

Only the Employee that locks and tags out machinery, equipment or processes may remove his/her lock and tag. However, should the Employee leave the jobsite before removing his/her lock and tag, the Supervisor may remove the lock and tag. The Supervisor must be assured that all tools have been removed, all guards have been replaced and all Employees are free from any hazard before the lock and tag are removed and the machinery, equipment or process are returned to service. Notification of the employee who placed the lock is required prior to lock removal. Contractors

Contractors, working on company property and equipment must use GPIWA Lockout - Tagout procedure while servicing or maintaining equipment, machinery or processes.

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GOTO cmreports.us/PineIslandDOCS

Section: “Assessments/Templates/Surveys”

“Final LOTO Survey”

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Excavation Program REF 29 CFR 1926.650 Subpart P

Purpose:

This program outlines procedures and guidelines for the protection of employees working in and around excavations and trenches. This program requires compliance with OSHA Standards described in Subpart P (CFR 1926.650) for the construction industry. Compliance is mandatory to ensure employee protection when working in or around excavations. The programs in this manual on confined space, hazard communication, lock-out/tag-out, respiratory protection, and/or any other safety programs or procedures deemed essential for employee protection are to be used in conjunction with this program.  Scope: This program pertains to all company projects that require any excavations or trenches.  

REFERENCES:

29 CFR 1926.650, Subpart P - Excavations Excavation Equipment Manufacturer Safety Procedures

Responsibilities:

It is the responsibility of each superintendent and supervisor to implement and maintain the procedures and steps set forth in this program. Each employee involved with excavation and trenching work is responsible to comply with all applicable safety procedures and requirements of this program.

Definitions:

1. Benching - A method of protecting employees from cave-ins by excavating the sides of an excavation to form one or a series of horizontal levels or steps, usually with vertical or near vertical surfaces between levels.

2. Cave-In - The separation of a mass of soil or rock material from the side of an excavation, or the loss of soil from under a trench shield or support system, and its sudden movement into the excavation, either by failing or sliding, in sufficient quantity so that it could entrap, bury, or otherwise injure and immobilize a person.

3. Competent Person- One who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions, which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them.

4. Duration of Exposure - The longer an excavation is open, the longer the other factors have to work on causing it to collapse.

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5. Excavation - Any man-made cut, trench, or depression in an earth surface, formed by earth removal.

6. Hazardous Atmosphere - An atmosphere which by reason of being explosive, flammable, poisonous, corrosive, oxidizing, irritating, oxygen deficient, toxic, or otherwise harmful, may cause death, illness, or injury.

7. Protective System - A method of protecting employees from cave-ins, from material that could fall or roll from an excavation, or from the collapse of adjacent structures. Protective systems include support systems, sloping and benching systems, shield systems, and other systems that provide necessary protection.

8. Shield - A structure that is capable of withstanding the forces imposed on it by a cave-in and thereby protects employees within the structure. Shields can be permanent structures or can be designed to be portable and moved along as work progresses. All shields must be in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.652(c)3 or (c)4.

9. Sloping - A method of protecting workers from cave-ins by excavating to form sides of an excavation that are inclined away from the excavation to prevent cave-ins. The angle of incline required to prevent a cave-in varies with differences such as soil type, length of exposure, and application of surcharge loads.

10. Surcharge Loads - Generated by the weight of anything in proximity to the excavation, push starts for a cave-in (anything up top pushing down). Common surcharge loads:

a. weight of spoil pile b. weight of nearby buildings, poles, pavement, or other structural objects. c. weight of material and equipment

11. Trench - A narrow excavation below the surface of the ground, less than 15 feet wide, with a depth no greater than the width.

12. Undermining - Undermining can be caused by such things as leaking, leaching, caving or over-digging. Undermined walls can be very dangerous.

13. Vibration - A force that is present on construction sites and must be considered. The vibrations caused by backhoes, dump trucks, compactors and traffic on job sites can be substantial.

 General Requirements: Before any work is performed and before any employees enter the excavation, a number of items must be checked and insured:

1. Before any excavation, underground installations must be determined. This can be accomplished by either contacting the local utility companies or the local "one-call' center for the area. All underground utility locations must be documented on the proper forms. All overhead hazards (surface encumbrances) that create a hazard to employees must be removed or supported to eliminate the hazard.

2. If the excavation is to be over 20 feet deep, it must be designed by a registered professional engineer who is registered in the state where work will be performed.

3. Adequate protective systems will be utilized to protect employees. This can be accomplished through sloping, shoring, or shielding.

4. The worksite must be analyzed in order to design adequate protection systems and prevent cave-ins. There must also be an excavation safety plan developed to protect employees.

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5. Workers must be supplied with and wear any personal protective equipment deemed necessary to assure their protection.

6. All spoil piles will be stored a minimum of four (4) feet from the sides of the excavation. The spoil pile must not block the safe means of egress.

7. If a trench or excavation is 4 feet or deeper, stairways, ramps, or ladders will be used as a safe means of access and egress. For trenches, the employee must not have to travel any more than 25 feet of lateral travel to reach the stairway, ramp, or ladder.

8. No employee will work in an excavation where water is accumulating unless adequate measures are used to protect the employees.

9. A competent person will inspect all excavations and trenches daily, prior to employee exposure or entry, and after any rainfall, soil change, or any other time needed during the shift. The competent person must take prompt measures to eliminate any and all hazards.

10. Excavations and trenches 4 feet or deeper that have the potential for toxic substances or hazardous atmospheres will be tested at least daily. If the atmosphere is inadequate, protective systems will be utilized.

11. If work is in or around traffic, employees must be supplied with and wear orange reflective vests. Signs and barricades must be utilized to ensure the safety of employees, vehicular traffic, and pedestrians.

 Competent Person Responsibilities:

The OSHA Standards require that the competent person must be capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings, or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and have authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them and, if necessary, to stop the work.

A competent person is required to:

1. Have a complete understanding of the applicable safety standards and any other data provided.

2. Assure the proper locations of underground installations or utilities, and that the proper utility companies have been contacted.

3. Conduct soil classification tests and reclassify soil after any condition changes; The Greater Pine Island Water Association sets policy to treat everything as a “Class C” soil and acts appropriately.

4. Determine adequate protective systems (sloping, shoring, or shielding systems) for employee protection.

5. Conduct all air monitoring for potential hazardous atmospheres.

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6. Conduct daily and periodic inspections of excavations and trenches.

7. Approve design of structural ramps, if used.

Excavation Safety Plan:

An excavation safety plan is required in written form. This plan is to be developed to the level necessary to insure complete compliance with the OSHA Excavation Safety Standard and state and local safety standards.

Excavation safety plan factors:

Utilization of the local one-call system Determination of locations of all underground utilities Consideration of confined space atmosphere potential Proper soil protection systems and personal protective equipment and

clothing Determination of soil composition and classification Determination of surface and subsurface water Depth of excavation and length of time it will remain open Proper adherence to all OSHA Standards, this excavation and trenching safety program,

and any other coinciding safety programs.

Soil Classification & Identification:

The OSHA Standards define soil classifications within the Simplified Soil Classification Systems, which consist of four categories: Stable rock, Type A, Type B, and Type C. Stability is greatest in stable rock and decreases through Type A and B to Type C, which is the least stable. Appendix A of the Standard provides soil mechanics terms and types of field tests used to determine soil classifications.

Stable rock is defined as natural solid mineral matter that can be excavated with vertical sides and remain intact while exposed.

The Greater Pine Island Water Association sets policy to treat everything as a “Class C” soil and acts appropriately.

Type C soil is defined as:

Cohesive soil with an unconfined compressive strength of .5 TSF or less. Granular soils including gravel, sand and loamy sand. Submerged soil or soil from which water is freely seeping.

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Submerged rock that is not stable.

Excavation Protection Systems:

The three basic protective systems for excavations and trenches are sloping and benching systems, shoring, and shields.

The protective systems shall have the capacity to resist without failure all loads that are intended or could reasonably be expected to be applied to or transmitted to the system. Every employee in an excavation shall be protected from cave-ins by an adequate protective system.

Exceptions to using protective system: Excavations are made entirely in stable rock Excavations are less than 5 feet deep and declared safe by a competent person

Sloping & Benching Systems:

There are four options for sloping:

1. Slope to the angle required by the Standard for Type C, which is the most unstable soil type.

a. The table provided in Appendix B of the Standard may be used to determine the maximum allowable angle (after determining the soil type).

b. Tabulated data prepared by a registered professional engineer can be utilized. c. A registered professional engineer can design a sloping plan for a specific job.

2. Sloping and benching systems for excavations five (5) to twenty (20) feet in depth must be constructed under the instruction of a designated competent person.

3. Sloping and benching systems for excavations greater than twenty (20) feet must be designed and stamped by a registered professional engineer.

4. Sloping and benching specifications can be found in Appendix B of the OSHA Standard (Subpart P).

Shoring Systems:

Shoring is another protective system or support system. Shoring utilizes a framework of vertical members (uprights), horizontal members (whales), and cross braces to support the sides of the excavation to prevent a cave-in. Metal hydraulic, mechanical or timber shoring is common examples.

The different examples of shoring are found in the OSHA Standard under these appendices:

APPENDIX C - Timber Shoring for Trenches

APPENDIX D - Aluminum Hydraulic Shoring for Trenches

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APPENDIX E - Alternatives to Timber Shoring

Shield Systems (Trench Boxes):

Shielding is the third method of providing a safe workplace. Unlike sloping and shoring, shielding does not prevent a cave-in. Shields are designed to withstand the soil forces caused by a cave-in and protect the employees inside the structure. Most shields consist of two flat, parallel metal walls that are held apart by metal cross braces.

Shielding design and construction is not covered in the OSHA Standards. Shields must be certified in design by a registered professional engineer and must have either a registration plate on the shield or registration papers from the manufacturer on file at the jobsite office. ANY REPAIRS OR MODIFICATIONS MUST BE APPROVED BY THE MANUFACTURER.

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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR SHIELD SYSTEMS :

1. Shields must not have any lateral movement when installed. 2. Employees will be protected from cave-ins when entering and exiting

the shield (examples - ladder within the shield or a properly sloped ramp at the end).

3. Employees are not allowed in the shield during installation, removal, or during any vertical movement.

4. Shields can be 2 ft. above the bottom of an excavation if they are designed to resist loads at the full depth and if there are no indications of caving under or behind the shield.

5. The shield must extend at least 18 inches above the point where proper sloping begins (the height of the shield must be greater than the depth of the excavation).

6. The open end of the shield must be protected from the exposed excavation wall. The wall must be sloped, shored, or shielded. Engineer designed end plates can be mounted on the ends of the shield to prevent cave-ins.

Personal Protective Equipment:

It is company policy to wear a hard hat, safety glasses, and work boots on the jobsite. Because of the hazards involved with excavations, other personal protective equipment may be necessary, depending on the potential hazards present (examples -goggles, gloves, and respiratory equipment).

Inspections:

Daily inspection of excavations, the adjacent areas and protective systems shall be made by the competent person for evidence of a situation that could result in a cave-in, indications of failure of protective systems, hazardous atmospheres or other hazardous conditions.

All inspections shall be conducted by the competent person prior to the start of work and as needed throughout the shift.

Inspections will be made after every rainstorm or any other increasing hazard. All documented inspections will be kept on file in the jobsite safety files and

forwarded to the Safety Director weekly.

Training:

The competent person(s) must be trained in accordance with the OSHA Excavation Standard, and all other programs that may apply (examples Hazard Communication, Confined Space, and Respiratory Protection), and must demonstrate a thorough understanding and knowledge of the programs and the hazards associated.

All other employees working in and around the excavation must be trained in the recognition of hazards associated with trenching and excavating.

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Fall Protection ProgramREF 29 CFR 1926 Subpart M

Purpose:

The purpose of the fall protection program is to:

ensure areas are free from uncontrolled fall hazards all employees are properly trained in fall prevention and protection fall prevention systems are inspected and monitored to ensure

effectiveness

Policy:

It is the policy of Greater Pine Island Water Association to take all practical measures possible to prevent employees from being injured by falls. We will take necessary steps to eliminate, prevent, and control fall hazards. The first priority is given to the elimination of fall hazards. If a fall hazard cannot be eliminated, effective fall protection will be planned, implemented, and monitored to control the risks of injury due to falling.

All employees exposed to potential falls from heights will be trained to minimize the exposures. Fall protection equipment will be provided and its use required by all employees.

Hazard Identification:

The employees will be responsible for identifying fall hazards on their jobsite. The supervisors will evaluate each situation or work procedure where employees may be exposed to a fall of 6 feet or more. The supervisors will be responsible for developing a plan to eliminate the exposures, if possible, or to select the appropriate fall protection systems and/or equipment.

Hazard Control:1. Engineering Controls

Personal Fall Protection Guard Rail Systems Positioning Devices Warning Line Systems Floor Opening Covers

2. Administrative Controls

Controlled access zones Employee training Audits Inspections

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Supervision Signs

Fall Protection Required:

The following are examples of situations were fall protection would be needed. This listing is by no means complete, and there are many other situations where a fall of 6 feet or more is possible. It should be noted that ladders and scaffolding are not included in this list because they are covered by other OSHA standards and other requirements of our safety program.

1. Wall Openings:

Each employee working on, at, above, or near wall openings (including those with chutes attached) where the outside bottom edge of the wall opening is 6 feet (1.8 meters) or more above lower levels and the inside bottom edge of the wall opening is less than 39 inches (1.0 meter) above the walking/working surface must be protected from falling by the use of a guardrail system, a safety net system, or a personal fall arrest system.

2. Holes:

Personal fall arrest systems, covers, or guardrail systems shall be erected around holes (including skylights) that are more than 6 feet (1.8 meters) above lower levels.

3. Leading Edges:

Each employee who is constructing a leading edge 6 feet (1.8 meters) or more above lower levels shall be protected by guardrail systems, safety net systems, or personal fall arrest systems.

4. Excavations:

Each employee at the edge of an excavation 6 feet (1.8 meters) or more deep shall be protected from falling by guardrail systems, fences, barricades, or covers. Where walkways are provided to permit employees to cross over excavations, guardrails are required on the walkway if it is 6 feet (1.8 meters) or more above the excavation.

5. Hoist Areas:

Each employee in a hoist area shall be protected from falling 6 feet (1.8 meters) or more by guardrail systems or personal fall arrest systems. If guardrail systems (or chain gate or guardrail) or portions thereof must be removed to facilitate hoisting operations, as during the landing of materials, and a worker must lean through the access opening or out over the edge of the access opening to receive or guide equipment and materials, that employee must be protected by a personal fall arrest system.

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6. Ramps, Runways, and Other Walkways:

Each employee using ramps, runways, and other walkways shall be protected from falling 6 feet (1.8 meters) or more by guardrail systems.

7. Low-slope Roofs:

Each employee engaged in roofing activities on low-slope roofs with unprotected sides and edges 6 feet (1.8 meters) or more above lower levels shall be protected from falling by guardrail systems, safety net systems, personal fall arrest systems or a combination of a warning line system and guardrail system, warning line system and safety net system, warning line system and personal fall arrest system, or warning line system and safety monitoring system. On roofs 50 feet (15.24 meters) or less in width, the use of a safetymonitoring system without a warning line system is permitted.

8. Steep Roofs:

Each employee on a steep roof with unprotected sides and edges 6 feet (1.8 meters) or more above lower levels shall be protected by guardrail systems with toeboards, safety net systems, or personal fall arrest systems.

 Fall Protection Systems:

Note: Check with manufacturers, and follow manufacturers’ recommendations, for inspections of fall protection devices & components.

When there is a potential fall of 6 feet or more, we will utilize one or more of the following means of providing protection:

1. Guardrail Systems:

Guardrail systems must meet the following criteria. Toprails and midrails of guardrail systems must be at least one-quarter inch (0.6 centimeters) nominal diameter or thickness to prevent cuts and lacerations. If wire rope is used for toprails, it must be flagged at not more 6 feet intervals (1.8 meters) with high-visibility material.   Steel and plastic banding cannot be used as toprails or midrails. Manila, plastic, or synthetic rope used for toprails or midrails must be inspected as frequently as necessary to ensure strength and stability.

The top edge height of toprails, or (equivalent) guardrails must be 42 inches (1.1 meters) plus or minus 3 inches (8 centimeters), above the walking/working level. When workers are using stilts, the top edge height of the top rail, or equivalent member, must be increased an amount equal to the height of the stilts.

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Screens, midrails, mesh, intermediate vertical members, or equivalent intermediate structural members must be installed between the top edge of the guardrail system and the walking/working surface when there are no walls or parapet walls at least 21 inches (53 centimeters) high. When midrails are used, they must be installed a to a height midway between the top edge of the guardrail system and the walking/working level.

When screens and mesh are used, they must extend from the top rail to the walking/working level and along the entire opening between top rail supports. Intermediate members, such as balusters, when used between posts, shall not be more than 19 inches (48 centimeters) apart.

Other structural members, such as additional midrails and architectural panels, shall be installed so that there are no openings in the guardrail system more than 19 inches (48 centimeters).

The guardrail system must be capable of withstanding a force of at least 200 pounds (890 newtons) applied within 2 inches of the top edge in any outward or downward direction. When the 200 pound (890 newtons) test is applied in a downward direction, the top edge of the guardrail must not deflect to a height less than 39 inches (1 meter) above the walking/working level.

Midrails, screens, mesh, intermediate vertical members, solid panels, and equivalent structural members shall be capable of withstanding a force of at least 150 pounds (667 newtons) applied in any downward or outward direction at any point along the midrail or other member.

Guardrail systems shall be surfaced to protect workers from punctures or lacerations and to prevent clothing from snagging.

The ends of top rails and midrails must not overhang terminal posts, except where such overhang does not constitute a projection hazard.

When guardrail systems are used at hoisting areas, a chain, gate or removable guardrail section must be placed across the access opening between guardrail sections when hoisting operations are not taking place.

At holes, guardrail systems must be set up on all unprotected sides or edges. When holes are used for the passage of materials, the hole shall have not more than two sides with removable guardrail sections.  When the hole is not in use, it must be covered or provided with guardrails along all unprotected sides or edges.

If guardrail systems are used around holes that are used as access points (such as ladderways), gates must be used or the point of access must be offset to prevent accidental walking into the hole.

If guardrails are used at unprotected sides or edges of ramps and runways, they must be erected on each unprotected side or edge.

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2. Personal Fall Arrest Systems:

These consist of an anchorage, connectors, and a body belt or body harness and may include a deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable combinations. If a personal fall arrest system is used for fall protection, it must do the following:

Limit maximum arresting force on an employee to 1,800 pounds (8kilonewtons) when used with a body harness

Be rigged so that an employee can neither free fall more than 6feet (1.8 meters) nor contact any lower level

Bring an employee to a complete stop and limit maximum decelerationdistance an employee travels to 3.5 feet (1.07 meters)

Have sufficient strength to withstand twice the potential impactenergy of an employee free falling a distance of 6 feet (1.8 meters)or the free fall distance permitted by the system, whichever is less.

The use of body belts for fall arrest is prohibited and a full bodyharness is required.

Personal fall arrest systems must be inspected prior to each use for wear damage, and other deterioration. Defective components must be removed from service.

Positioning Device Systems:

Body harness systems are to be set up so that a worker can free fall no farther than 2 feet (0.6 meters). They shall be secured to an anchorage capable of supporting a least twice the potential impact load of an employee's fall or 5,000 pounds (13.3 kilonewtons), whichever is greater.

Covers:

Covers located in roadways and vehicular aisles must be able to support at least twice the maximum axle load of the largest vehicle to which the cover might be subjected. All other covers must be able to support at least twice the weight of employees, equipment, and materials that may be imposed on the cover at any one time. To prevent accidental displacement resulting from wind, equipment, or workers? activities, all covers must be secured. All covers shall be color coded or bear the markings "HOLE" or "COVER."

Protection From Falling Objects:

When guardrail systems are used to prevent materials from falling from one level to another, any openings must be small enough to prevent passage of potential falling objects. No materials or equipment except masonry and mortar shall be stored within 4 feet (1.2 meters) of working edges. Excess mortar, broken or scattered masonry units, and all other materials and debris shall be kept clear of the working area by removal at regular intervals.

During roofing work, materials and equipment shall not be stored within 6 feet (1.8 meters) of a

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roof edge unless guardrails are erected at the edge, and materials piled, grouped, or stacked near a roof edge must be stable and self-supporting.

Training:

Employees will be trained in the following areas:a. the nature of fall hazards in the work areab. the correct procedures for erecting, maintaining, disassembling, and inspecting fall

protection systemsc. the use and operation of guardrails and personal fall arrest systems d. the correct procedures for equipment and materials handling and storage and the erection

of overhead protection. 

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Fire Safety ProgramREF 29 CFR 1910 Subpart E

Purpose:

The Greater Pine Island Water Association “Fire Safety Plan” has been developed to work in conjunction with company emergency plans and other safety programs.  This includes reviewing all new building construction and renovations to ensure compliance with applicable state, local, and national fire and life safety standards. Fire prevention measures reduce the incidence of fires by eliminating opportunities for ignition of flammable materials.

Responsibilities:1. Management Ensure all fire prevention methods are established and enforced Ensure fire suppression systems such as sprinklers and extinguishers are periodically

inspected and maintained to a high degree of working order Train supervisors to use fire extinguishers for incipient fires Train employees on evacuation routes and procedures

2. Supervisors Closely monitor the use of flammable materials and liquids Train assigned employees in the safe storage, use and handling of flammable materials Ensure flammable material storage areas are properly maintained

3. Employees Use, store and transfer flammable materials in accordance with provided training Do not mix flammable materials Immediately report violations of the Fire Safety Program

Elimination of Ignition Sources:

All nonessential ignition sources must be eliminated where flammable liquids are used or stored. The following is a list of some of the more common potential ignition sources:

Open flames, such as cutting and welding torches, furnaces, matches, and heaters-these sources should be kept away from flammable liquids operations. Cutting or welding on flammable liquids equipment should not be performed unless the equipment has been properly emptied and purged with a neutral gas such as nitrogen.

Chemical sources of ignition such as d.c. motors, switched, and circuit breakers-these sources should be eliminated where flammable liquids are handled or stored. Only approved explosion-proof devices should be used in these areas.

Mechanical sparks-these sparks can be produced as a result of friction. Only nonsparking tools should be used in areas where flammable liquids are stored or handled.

Static sparks-these sparks can be generated as a result of electron transfer between two contacting surfaces. The electrons can discharge in a small volume, raising the temperature to above the ignition temperature. Every effort should be made to eliminate

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the possibility of static sparks. Also proper bonding and grounding procedures must be followed when flammable liquids are transferred or transported.

Removal of Incompatibles:

Materials that can contribute to a flammable liquid fire should not be stored with flammable liquids. Examples are oxidizers and organic peroxides, which, on decomposition, can generate large amounts of oxygen.

Flammable Gases:

Generally, flammable gases pose the same type of fire hazards as flammable liquids and their vapors. Many of the safeguards for flammable liquids also apply to flammable gases, other properties such as toxicity, reactivity, and corrosivity also must be taken into account. Also, a gas that is flammable could produce toxic combustion products.

Fire Extinguishers:

A portable fire extinguisher is a "first aid" device and is very effective when used while the fire is small. The use of fire extinguisher that matches the class of fire, by a person who is well trained, can save both lives and property. Portable fire extinguishers must be installed in workplaces regardless of other firefighting measures. The successful performance of a fire extinguisher in a fire situation largely depends on its proper selection, inspection, maintenance, and distribution.

1. Classification of Fires and Selection of Extinguishers

Fires are classified into four general categories depending on the type of material or fuel involved. The type of fire determines the type of extinguisher that should be used to extinguish it.

a. Class A fires involve materials such as wood, paper, and cloth which produce glowing embers or char.

b. Class B fires involve flammable gases, liquids, and greases, including gasoline and most hydrocarbon liquids which must be vaporized for combustion to occur.

c. Class C fires involve fires in live electrical equipment or in materials near electrically powered equipment.

d. Class D fires involve combustible metals, such as magnesium, zirconium, potassium, and sodium.

Extinguishers will be selected according to the potential fire hazard, the construction and occupancy of facilities, hazard to be protected, and other factors pertinent to the situation.

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2. Location and Marking of Extinguishers

Extinguishers will be conspicuously located and readily accessible for immediate use in the event of fire. They will be located along normal paths of travel and egress. Wall recesses and/or flush-mounted cabinets will be used as extinguisher locations whenever possible.

Extinguishers will be clearly visible. In locations where visual obstruction cannot be completely avoided, directional arrows will be provided to indicate the location of extinguishers and the arrows will be marked with the extinguisher classification.

If extinguishers intended for different classes of fire are located together, they will be conspicuously marked to ensure that the proper class extinguisher selection is made at the time of a fire. Extinguisher classification markings will be located on the front of the shell above or below the extinguisher nameplate. Markings will be of a size and form to be legible from a distance of 3 feet.

3. Condition

Portable extinguishers will be maintained in a fully charged and operable condition. They will be kept in their designated locations at all times when not being used. When extinguishers are removed for maintenance or testing, a fully charged and operable replacement unit will be provided.

4. Mounting and Distribution of Extinguishers

Extinguishers will be installed on hangers, brackets, in cabinets, or on shelves. Extinguishers having a gross weight not exceeding 40 pounds will be so installed that the top of the extinguisher is not more than 3-1/2 feet above the floor.

Extinguishers mounted in cabinets or wall recesses or set on shelves will be placed so that the extinguisher operating instructions face outward. The location of such extinguishers will be made conspicuous by marking the cabinet or wall recess in a contrasting color which will distinguish it from the normal decor.

Extinguishers must be distributed in such a way that the amount of time needed to travel to their location and back to the fire does not allow the fire to get out of control. OSHA requires that

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the travel distance for Class A and Class D extinguishers not exceed 75 feet. The maximum travel distance for Class B extinguishers is 50 feet because flammable liquid fires can get out of control faster that Class A fires. There is no maximum travel distance specified for Class C extinguishers, but they must be distributed on the basis of appropriate patterns for Class A and B hazards.

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5. Inspection and Maintenance

Once an extinguisher is selected, purchased, and installed, it is the responsibility of the safety office to oversee the inspection, maintenance, and testing of fire extinguishers to ensure that they are in proper working condition and have not been tampered with or physically damaged.

Fire Safety Inspections/Housekeeping:

First line supervisors and Safety Committees are responsible for conducting work site surveys that include observations of compliance with the Fire Safety Program. These surveys should include observations of worksite safety and housekeeping issues and should specifically address proper storage of chemicals and supplies, unobstructed access to fire extinguishers, and emergency evacuation routes. Also, they should determine if an emergency evacuation plan is present in work areas and that personnel are familiar with the plan.

Emergency Exit:

Every exit will be clearly visible, or the route to it conspicuously identified in such a manner that every occupant of the building will readily know the direction of escape from any point. At no time will exits be blocked.

Any doorway or passageway which is not an exit or access to an exit but which may be mistaken for an exit, will be identified by a sign reading "Not An Exit" or a sign indicating it actual use (i.e., "Storeroom"). Exits and accesses to exits will be marked by a readily visible sign. Each exit sign (other than internally illuminated signs) will be illuminated by a reliable light source providing not less than 5 foot-candles on the illuminated surface.

Emergency Plan for Persons with Disabilities:

The first line supervisor is assigned the responsibility to assist Persons with Disabilities (PWD) under their supervision. An alternate assistant will be chosen by the supervisor. The role of the two assistants is to report to their assigned person, and to either assist in evacuation or assure that the PWD is removed from danger.

Supervisors, alternates, and the person with a disability will be trained on available escape routes and methods.

A list of persons with disabilities is kept in the safety officer’s office.

Visitors who have disabilities will be assisted in a manner similar to that of company employees. The Host of the person with disabilities will assist in their evacuation.

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Emergencies Involving Fire:1. Fire Alarms

In the event of a fire emergency, a fire alarm will sound for the building.

2. Evacuation Routes and Plans

Each facility shall have an emergency evacuation plan. All emergency exits shall conform to NFPA standards.

Should evacuation be necessary, go to the nearest exit or stairway and proceed to an area of refuge outside the building. Most stairways are fire resistant and present barriers to smoke if the doors are kept closed.

Do not use elevators. Should the fire involve the control panel of the elevator or the electrical system of the building, power in the building may be cut and you could be trapped between floors. Also, the elevator shaft can become a flue, lending itself to the passage and accumulation of hot gases and smoke

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Emergency Action ProgramREF 29 CFR 1926 Subpart F

GOTO cmreports.us/PineIslandDOCS

Section: “Training Programs for Safety Manuals”

“Employee Evacuation Plan – EAP Center Office & Distribution”

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Emergency Action ProgramREF 29 CFR 1926 Subpart F

GOTO cmreports.us/PineIslandDOCS

Section: “Training Programs for Safety Manuals”

“Employee Evacuation Plan – RO Plant”

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Respirable Crystalline Silica Program

Purpose:

This Respirable Crystalline Silica Program was developed to prevent employee exposure to hazardous levels of Respirable Crystalline Silica that could result through construction activities or nearby construction activities occurring on worksites. Respirable Crystalline Silica exposure at hazardous levels can lead to lung cancer, silicosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and kidney disease. It is intended to meet the requirements of the Respirable Crystalline Silica Construction Standard (29 CFR 1926.1153) established by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

All work involving chipping, cutting, drilling, grinding, or similar activities on materials containing Crystalline Silica can lead to the release of respirable-sized particles of Crystalline Silica (i.e. Respirable Crystalline Silica). Crystalline Silica is a basic component of soil, sand, granite and many other minerals. Quartz is the most common form of Crystalline Silica. Many materials found on constructions sites include Crystalline Silica; including but not limited to – cement, concrete, asphalt, pre-formed structures (inlets, pipe, etc.) and others. Consequently, this program has been developed to address and control these potential exposures to prevent our employees from experiencing the effects of occupational illnesses related to Respirable Crystalline Silica exposure.

Scope:

This Respirable Crystalline Silica Program applies to all employees who have the potential to be exposed to Respirable Crystalline Silica when covered by the OSHA Standard. The OSHA Respirable Crystalline Silica Construction Standard applies to all occupational exposures to Respirable Crystalline Silica in construction work, except where employee exposure will remain below 25 micrograms of Respirable Crystalline Silica per cubic meter of air (25 g/mμ 3) as an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) under any foreseeable conditions.

Responsibilities:

Our company firmly believes protecting the health and safety of our employees is everyone’s responsibility. This responsibility begins with upper management providing the necessary support to properly implement this program. However, all levels of the organization assume some level of responsibility for this program including the following positions.

1. Safety Officer/ Supervisor / Manager:

Conduct job site assessments for Silica containing materials and perform employee Respirable Crystalline Silica hazard assessments in order to determine if an employee’s exposure will be above 25 g/m3 as an 8-hour TWA under any μforeseeable conditions

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Select and implement into the project’s ECP the appropriate control measures in accordance with the Construction Tasks identified in OSHA’s Construction Standard Table 1; and potentially including (but not limited to) a written Exposure Control Plan (ECP), exposure monitoring, Hazard Communication training, medical surveillance, housekeeping and others.

NOTE: OSHA’s Construction Standard Table 1 is a list of 18 common construction tasks along with acceptable exposure control methods and work practices that limit exposure for those tasks.

Ensure that the materials, tools, equipment, personal protective equipment (PPE), and other resources (such as worker training) required to fully implement and maintain this Respirable Crystalline Silica Program are in place and readily available if needed.

Ensure that Project Managers, Site Managers, Competent Persons, and employees are educated in the hazards of Silica exposure and trained to work safely with Silica in accordance with OSHA’s Respirable Crystalline Silica Construction Standard and OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard. Managers and Competent Persons may receive more advanced training than other employees.

Maintain written records of training (for example, proper use of respirators), ECPs, inspections (for equipment, PPE, and work methods/practices), medical surveillance (under lock and key), respirator medical clearances (under lock and key) and fit-test results.

Conduct an annual review (or more often if conditions change) of the effectiveness of this program and any active project ECP’s that extend beyond a year. This includes a review of available dust control technologies to ensure these are selected and used when practical.

Coordinate work with other employers and contractors to ensure a safe work environment relative to Silica exposure.

Make frequent and regular inspections of job sites, materials, and equipment to implement the written ECP.

Identify existing and foreseeable Respirable Crystalline Silica hazards in the workplace and take prompt corrective measures to eliminate or minimize them.

Notify the Project Manager and/or Safety Officer of any deficiencies identified during inspections in order to coordinate and facilitate prompt corrective action.

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Assist the Project Manager and Safety Officer in conducting job site assessments for Silica containing materials and perform employee Respirable Crystalline Silica hazard assessments in order to determine if an ECP, exposure monitoring, and medical surveillance is necessary.

2. Employees:

Follow recognized work procedures (such as the Construction Tasks identified in OSHA’s Construction Standard Table 1) as established in the project’s ECP and this program.

Use the assigned PPE in an effective and safe manner.

Report any unsafe conditions or acts to the Safety Manager/ supervisor/Manager

Report any exposure incidents or any signs or symptoms of Silica illness.

Requirements:

Specified Exposure Control Methods

When possible and applicable, we will conduct activities with potential Silica exposure to be consistent with OSHA’s Construction Standard Table 1. Supervisors will ensure each employee under their supervision and engaged in a task identified on OSHA’s Construction Standard Table 1 have fully and properly implemented the engineering controls, work practices, and respiratory protection specified for the task on Table 1 (unless we have assessed and limited the exposure of the employee to Respirable Crystalline Silica in accordance with the Alternative Exposure Control Methods Section of this program). The task(s) being performed by us identified on OSHA’s Construction Standard Table 1 is/are: Handheld and stand mounted drills:

Table 1: Specified Exposure Control Methods WhenWorking With Materials Containing Crystalline Silica

Construction Task or Equipment Operation

Engineering and Work Practice Control Methods

Required Respiratory Protection

≤ 4 hours/shif

t

>4 hours/shif

t

1Stationary masonry saws

Use saw equipped with integrated water delivery system that continuously feeds water to the blade.

Operate and maintain tool in accordance with manufacturer's instructions to minimize dust emissions.

None None

2a Handheld power saws (any blade diameter) when used outdoors

Use saw equipped with integrated water delivery system that continuously feeds water to the blade.

Operate and maintain tool in accordance

None N95 (or Greater

Efficiency) Filtering

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Construction Task or Equipment Operation

Engineering and Work Practice Control Methods

Required Respiratory Protection

≤ 4 hours/shif

t

>4 hours/shif

twith manufacturer's instructions to minimize dust emissions.

Facepiece or Half Mask

2b

Handheld power saws (any blade diameter) when used indoors or in an enclosed area

Use saw equipped with integrated water delivery system that continuously feeds water to the blade.

Operate and maintain tool in accordance with manufacturer's instructions to minimize dust emissions.

N95 (or Greater

Efficiency) Filtering

Facepiece or Half Mask

N95 (or Greater

Efficiency) Filtering

Facepiece or Half Mask

3

Handheld power saws for cutting fiber-cement board (with blade diameter of 8 inches or less) for tasks performed outdoors only

Use saw equipped with commercially available dust collection system.

Operate and maintain tool in accordance with manufacturer's instructions to minimize dust emissions.

Dust collector must provide the air flow recommended by the tool manufacturer, or greater, and have a filter with 99% or greater efficiency.

None None

4a Walk-behind saws when used outdoors

Use saw equipped with integrated water delivery system that continuously feeds water to the blade.

Operate and maintain tool in accordance with manufacturer's instructions to minimize dust emissions.

None None

4bWalk-behind saws when used indoors or in an enclosed area

Use saw equipped with integrated water delivery system that continuously feeds water to the blade.

Operate and maintain tool in accordance with manufacturer's instructions to minimize dust emissions.

N95 (or Greater

Efficiency) Filtering

Facepiece or Half Mask

N95 (or Greater

Efficiency) Filtering

Facepiece or Half Mask

5Drivable saws for tasks performed outdoors only

Use saw equipped with integrated water delivery system that continuously feeds water to the blade.

Operate and maintain tool in accordance with manufacturer's instructions to minimize dust emissions.

None None

6 Rig-mounted core saws or drills

Use tool equipped with integrated water delivery system that supplies water to cutting surface.

Operate and maintain tool in accordance with manufacturer's instructions to minimize dust emissions.

None None

7

Handheld and stand-mounted drills (including impact and rotary hammer drills)

Use drill equipped with commercially available shroud or cowling with dust collection system.

Operate and maintain tool in accordance with manufacturer's instructions to minimize dust emissions.

Dust collector must provide the air flow recommended by the tool manufacturer, or greater, and have a filter with 99% or greater efficiency and a filter-cleaning mechanism.

Use a HEPA-filtered vacuum when cleaning holes.

None None

8 Dowel drilling rigs for concrete for tasks performed outdoors

Use shroud around drill bit with a dust collection system.

Dust collector must have a filter with 99% or

N95 (or Greater

Efficiency)

N95 (or Greater

Efficiency)

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Construction Task or Equipment Operation

Engineering and Work Practice Control Methods

Required Respiratory Protection

≤ 4 hours/shif

t

>4 hours/shif

t

only

greater efficiency and a filter cleaning mechanism.

Use a HEPA-filtered vacuum when cleaning holes.

Filtering Facepiece or

Half Mask

Filtering Facepiece or

Half Mask

9aVehicle-mounted drilling rigs for rock and concrete

Use dust collection system with close capture hood or shroud around drill bit with a low-flow water spray to wet the dust at the discharge point from the dust collector.

None None

9bVehicle-mounted drilling rigs for rock and concrete

Operate from within an enclosed cab and use water for dust suppression on drill bit. None None

10a

Jackhammers and handheld powered chipping tools when used outdoors

Use tool with water delivery system that supplies a continuous stream or spray of water at the point of impact.

None

N95 (or Greater

Efficiency) Filtering

Facepiece or Half Mask

10b

Jackhammers and handheld powered chipping tools when used indoors or in an enclosed area

Use tool with water delivery system that supplies a continuous stream or spray of water at the point of impact.

N95 (or Greater

Efficiency) Filtering

Facepiece or Half Mask

N95 (or Greater

Efficiency) Filtering

Facepiece or Half Mask

10c

Jackhammers and handheld powered chipping tools when used outdoors

Use tool equipped with commercially available shroud and dust collection system.

Operate and maintain tool in accordance with manufacturer's instructions to minimize dust emissions.

Dust collector must provide the air flow recommended by the tool manufacturer, or greater, and have a filter with 99% or greater efficiency and a filter-cleaning mechanism.

None

N95 (or Greater

Efficiency) Filtering

Facepiece or Half Mask

10d

Jackhammers and handheld powered chipping tools when used indoors or in an enclosed area

Use tool equipped with commercially available shroud and dust collection system.

Operate and maintain tool in accordance with manufacturer's instructions to minimize dust emissions.

Dust collector must provide the air flow recommended by the tool manufacturer, or greater, and have a filter with 99% or greater efficiency and a filter-cleaning mechanism.

N95 (or Greater

Efficiency) Filtering

Facepiece or Half Mask

N95 (or Greater

Efficiency) Filtering

Facepiece or Half Mask

11 Handheld grinders for mortar removal (i.e., tuckpointing)

Use grinder equipped with commercially available shroud and dust collection system.

Operate and maintain tool in accordance with manufacturer's instructions to minimize dust emissions.

Dust collector must provide 25 cubic feet per minute (cfm) or greater of airflow per inch of wheel diameter and have a filter with 99% or greater efficiency and a cyclonic pre-

N95 (or Greater

Efficiency) Filtering

Facepiece or Half Mask

Powered Air-Purifying

Respirator (PAPR) with P100 Filters

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Construction Task or Equipment Operation

Engineering and Work Practice Control Methods

Required Respiratory Protection

≤ 4 hours/shif

t

>4 hours/shif

tseparator or filter-cleaning mechanism.

12a

Handheld grinders for uses other than mortar removal for tasks performed outdoors only

Use grinder equipped with integrated water delivery system that continuously feeds water to the grinding surface.

Operate and maintain tool in accordance with manufacturer's instructions to minimize dust emissions.

None None

12b

Handheld grinders for uses other than mortar removal when used outdoors

Use grinder equipped with commercially available shroud and dust collection system.

Operate and maintain tool in accordance with manufacturer's instructions to minimize dust emissions.

Dust collector must provide 25 cubic feet per minute (cfm) or greater of airflow per inch of wheel diameter and have a filter with 99% or greater efficiency and a cyclonic pre-separator or filter-cleaning mechanism.

None None

12c

Handheld grinders for uses other than mortar removal when used indoors or in an enclosed area

Use grinder equipped with commercially available shroud and dust collection system.

Operate and maintain tool in accordance with manufacturer's instructions to minimize dust emissions.

Dust collector must provide 25 cubic feet per minute (cfm) or greater of airflow per inch of wheel diameter and have a filter with 99% or greater efficiency and a cyclonic pre-separator or filter-cleaning mechanism.

None

N95 (or Greater

Efficiency) Filtering

Facepiece or Half Mask

13aWalk-behind milling machines and floor grinders

Use machine equipped with integrated water delivery system that continuously feeds water to the cutting surface.

Operate and maintain tool in accordance with manufacturer's instructions to minimize dust emissions.

None None

13bWalk-behind milling machines and floor grinders

Use machine equipped with dust collection system recommended by the manufacturer.

Operate and maintain tool in accordance with manufacturer's instructions to minimize dust emissions.

Dust collector must provide the air flow recommended by the manufacturer, or greater, and have a filter with 99% or greater efficiency and a filter-cleaning mechanism.

When used indoors or in an enclosed area, use a HEPA-filtered vacuum to remove loose dust in between passes.

None None

14Small drivable milling machines (less than half-lane)

Use a machine equipped with supplemental water sprays designed to suppress dust.

Water must be combined with a surfactant. Operate and maintain machine to minimize

dust emissions.

None None

15a

Large drivable milling machines (half-lane and larger) for cuts of any depth on asphalt only

Use machine equipped with exhaust ventilation on drum enclosure and supplemental water sprays designed to suppress dust.

Operate and maintain machine to minimize dust emissions.

None None

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Construction Task or Equipment Operation

Engineering and Work Practice Control Methods

Required Respiratory Protection

≤ 4 hours/shif

t

>4 hours/shif

t

15b

Large drivable milling machines (half-lane and larger) for cuts of four inches in depth or less on any substrate

Use machine equipped with exhaust ventilation on drum enclosure and supplemental water sprays designed to suppress dust.

Operate and maintain machine to minimize dust emissions.

None None

15c

Large drivable milling machines (half-lane and larger) for cuts of four inches in depth or less on any substrate

Use a machine equipped with supplemental water spray designed to suppress dust.

Water must be combined with a surfactant. Operate and maintain machine to minimize

dust emissions.

None None

16 Crushing machines

Use equipment designed to deliver water spray or mist for dust suppression at crusher and other points where dust is generated (e.g., hoppers, conveyers, sieves/sizing or vibrating components, and discharge points).

Operate and maintain machine in accordance with manufacturer's instructions to minimize dust emissions.

Use a ventilated booth that provides fresh, climate-controlled air to the operator, or a remote control station.

None None

17a

Heavy equipment and utility vehicles used to abrade or fracture silica-containing materials (e.g., hoe-ramming, rock ripping) or used during demolition activities involving silica-containing materials

Operate equipment from within an enclosed cab.

None None

17b

Heavy equipment and utility vehicles used to abrade or fracture silica-containing materials (e.g., hoe-ramming, rock ripping) or used during demolition activities involving silica-containing materials

When employees outside of the cab are engaged in the task, apply water and/or dust suppressants as necessary to minimize dust emissions.

None None

18a

Heavy equipment and utility vehicles for tasks such as grading and excavating but not including demolishing, abrading, or fracturing silica-containing materials

Apply water and/or dust suppressants as necessary to minimize dust emissions.

None None

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Construction Task or Equipment Operation

Engineering and Work Practice Control Methods

Required Respiratory Protection

≤ 4 hours/shif

t

>4 hours/shif

t

18b

Heavy equipment and utility vehicles for tasks such as grading and excavating but not including demolishing, abrading, or fracturing silica-containing materials

When the equipment operator is the only employee engaged in the task, operate equipment from within an enclosed cab.

None None

When implementing the control measures specified in Table 1, we shall:

For tasks performed indoors or in enclosed areas, provide a means of exhaust as needed to minimize the accumulation of visible airborne dust;

For tasks performed using wet methods, apply water at flow rates sufficient to minimize release of visible dust;

For measures implemented that include an enclosed cab or booth, ensure that the enclosed cab or booth:

o Is maintained as free as practicable from settled dust;

o Has door seals and closing mechanisms that work properly;

o Has gaskets and seals that are in good condition and working properly;

o Is under positive pressure maintained through continuous delivery of fresh air;

o Has intake air that is filtered through a filter that is 95% efficient in the 0.3-10.0 m range (e.g., MERV-16 or better); andμ

o Has heating and cooling capabilities.

Where an employee performs more than one task included on OSHA’s Construction Standard Table 1 during the course of a shift, and the total duration of all tasks combined is more than four hours, the required respiratory protection for each task is the respiratory protection specified for more than four hours per shift. If the total duration of all tasks on Table 1 combined is less than four hours, the required respiratory protection for each task is the respiratory protection specified for less than four hours per shift.

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Alternative Exposure Control Methods

Alternative Exposure Control Methods apply for tasks not listed in OSHA’s Construction Standard Table 1, or where we cannot not fully and properly implement the engineering controls, work practices, and respiratory protection described in Table 1.

First, we will assess the exposure of each employee who is or may reasonably be expected to be exposed to Respirable Crystalline Silica at or above the Action Level in accordance with either the Performance Option or the Scheduled Monitoring Option.

Performance Option – We will assess the 8-hour TWA exposure for each employee on the basis of any combination of air monitoring data or objective data sufficient to accurately characterize employee exposures to Respirable Crystalline Silica.

Scheduled Monitoring Option:

o We will perform initial monitoring to assess the 8-hour TWA exposure for each employee on the basis of one or more personal breathing zone air samples that reflect the exposures of employees on each shift, for each job classification, and in each work area. Where several employees perform the same tasks on the same shift and in the same work area, we will plan to monitor a representative fraction of these employees. When using representative monitoring, we will sample the employee(s) who are expected to have the highest exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica.

o If initial monitoring indicates that employee exposures are below the Action Level, we will probably discontinue monitoring for those employees whose exposures are represented by such monitoring.

o Where the most recent exposure monitoring indicates that employee exposures are at or above the Action Level but at or below the PEL, we will repeat such monitoring within six months of the most recent monitoring.

o Where the most recent exposure monitoring indicates that employee exposures are above the PEL, we will repeat such monitoring within three months of the most recent monitoring.

o Where the most recent (non-initial) exposure monitoring indicates that employee exposures are below the Action Level, we will repeat such monitoring within six months of the most recent monitoring until two consecutive measurements, taken seven or more days apart, are below the Action Level, at which time we will probably discontinue monitoring for those employees whose exposures are represented by such monitoring, except when a reassessment is required. We will reassess exposures whenever a change in the production, process, control equipment, personnel, or work practices may reasonably be expected to result in new or additional exposures at or above the Action Level,

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or when we has any reason to believe that new or additional exposures at or above the Action Level have occurred.

We will ensure that all Respirable Crystalline Silica samples taken to satisfy the monitoring requirements of this program and OSHA are collected by a qualified individual (i.e. a Certified Industrial Hygienist) and the samples are evaluated by a qualified laboratory (i.e. accredited to ANS/ISO/IEC Standard 17025:2005 with respect to Crystalline Silica analyses by a body that is compliant with ISO/IEC Standard 17011:2004 for implementation of quality assessment programs).

Within five working days after completing an exposure assessment, we will individually notify each affected employee in writing of the results of that assessment or post the results in an appropriate location accessible to all affected employees.

Whenever an exposure assessment indicates that employee exposure is above the PEL, we will describe in the written notification the corrective action being taken to reduce employee exposure to or below the PEL.

Where air monitoring is performed, we will provide affected employees or their designated representatives an opportunity to observe any monitoring of employee exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica. When observation of monitoring requires entry into an area where the use of protective clothing or equipment is required for any workplace hazard, we will provide the observer with protective clothing and equipment at no cost and shall ensure that the observer uses such clothing and equipment.

Once air monitoring has been performed, we will determine its method of compliance based on the monitoring data and the hierarchy of controls. We will use engineering and work practice controls to reduce and maintain employee exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica to or below the PEL, unless we can demonstrate that such controls are not feasible. Wherever such feasible engineering and work practice controls are not sufficient to reduce employee exposure to or below the PEL, we will nonetheless use them to reduce employee exposure to the lowest feasible level and shall supplement them with the use of respiratory protection.

In addition to the requirements of this program, we will comply with other programs and OSHA standards (such as 29 CFR 1926.57 [Ventilation]), when applicable where abrasive blasting is conducted using Crystalline Silica-containing blasting agents, or where abrasive blasting is conducted on substrates that contain Crystalline Silica.

Control Methods

We will provide control methods that are either consistent with Table 1 or otherwise minimize worker exposures to Silica. These exposure control methods can include engineering controls, work practices, and respiratory protection.

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Respiratory Protection

Where respiratory protection is required by this program, we will provide each employee an appropriate respirator that complies with the requirements of the company’s Respiratory Protection Program and the OSHA Respiratory Protection Standard (29 CFR 1910.134).

Respiratory protection is required where specified by the OSHA Construction Standard Table 1, for tasks not listed in Table 1, or where the company has not fully and properly implemented the engineering controls, work practices, and respiratory protection described in Table 1. Situations requiring respiratory protection include:

Where exposures exceed the PEL during periods necessary to install or implement feasible engineering and work practice controls;

Where exposures exceed the PEL during tasks, such as certain maintenance and repair tasks, for which engineering and work practice controls are not feasible; and

During tasks for which an employer has implemented all feasible engineering and work practice controls and such controls are not sufficient to reduce exposures to or below the PEL.

Housekeeping:

We do not allow dry sweeping or dry brushing where such activity could contribute to employee exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica unless wet sweeping, HEPA-filtered vacuuming, or other methods that minimize the likelihood of exposure are not feasible.

We do not allow compressed air to be used to clean clothing or surfaces where such activity could contribute to employee exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica unless:

The compressed air is used in conjunction with a ventilation system that effectively captures the dust cloud created by the compressed air; or

No alternative method is feasible.

Written Exposure Control Plan

When employee exposure on a construction project is expected to be at or above the Action Level, a Written Exposure Control Plan (ECP) will be established and implemented. This ECP will contain at least the following elements:

A description of the tasks in the workplace that involve exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica;

A description of the engineering controls, work practices, and respiratory protection used to limit employee exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica for each task;

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A description of the housekeeping measures used to limit employee exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica; and

A description of the procedures used to restrict access to work areas, when necessary, to minimize the number of employees exposed to Respirable Crystalline Silica and their level of exposure, including exposures generated by other employers or sole proprietors.

The written ECP will designate a Competent Person to make frequent and regular inspections of job sites, materials, and equipment to ensure the ECP is implemented.

The written ECP will be reviewed at least annually to evaluate the effectiveness of it and update it as necessary. Having said this, ECP’s are project specific and most project durations do not exceed a year. The written ECP will be readily available for examination and copying, upon request, to each employee covered by this program and/or ECP, their designated representatives, and OSHA.

Hazard Communication

We will include Respirable Crystalline Silica in the company’s Hazard Communication Program established to comply with the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200).

We will ensure that each employee has access to labels on containers of Crystalline Silica and those containers respective Safety Data Sheets (SDS’s).

All employees will be trained in accordance with the provisions of the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard and the Training Section of this program. This training will cover concerns relating to cancer, lung effects, immune system effects, and kidney effects.

We will ensure that each employee with the potential to be exposed at or above the Action Level for Respirable Crystalline Silica can demonstrate knowledge and understanding of at least the following:

The health hazards associated with exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica;

Specific tasks in the workplace that could result in exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica;

Specific measures We has implemented to protect employees from exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica, including engineering controls, work practices, and respirators to be used;

The contents of the OSHA Respirable Crystalline Silica Construction Standard;

We will make a copy of the OSHA Respirable Crystalline Silica Construction Standard readily available without cost to any employee who requests it.

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Type of personal protective equipment (PPE), such as respirators, worn by the employees monitored; and

We will ensure that exposure records are maintained and made available in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1020. Exposure records will be kept for at least 30 years.

The employer shall make and maintain an accurate record of all objective data relied upon to comply with the requirements of the OSHA Respirable Crystalline Silica Construction Standard.

Program Evaluation:

This program will be reviewed and evaluated on an annual basis by the Safety Officer unless changes to operations, the OSHA Respirable Crystalline Silica Construction Standard (29 CFR 1926.1153), or another applicable OSHA Standard require an immediate re-validation of this program.

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FORMS

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New Employee Safety Orientation ChecklistFile this form in the Employee's Personnel Record

Name: ____________________________________ Job/Dept Assigned: ________________________ Safety Topics presented during General New Employee Orientation

1. General Safety Rules & Policies

2. Hazard Communication & Chemical Safety Procedures

3. Sanitation Guidelines

4. Control of blood borne pathogens

5. Electrical Safety & Lockout/Tagout

6. Emergency Plans: Routes & Assembly Locations

7. Procedures for safety violations, accidents, near-miss

8. Proper lifting & ergonomic techniques

9. Personal Protective Equipment

10. Tool & Equipment Safety

11.  Safety Signs and their meanings

12.  Ladder Safety

13. Confined Spaces

14. Company Vehicle Safety Policy

Trainer Signature          __________________________ Date __________

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ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPORTEMPLOYEE: _____________________________ ACCIDENT DATE: _________________

JOB TITLE: _________________________________START TIME ___________ ACCIDENT TIME: _________

SUPERVISOR: ___________________________________________ _________ PERMANENT TEMPORARY

AGEGROUP

TYPE OF ACCIDENT

PART OF BODY

NATURE OFINJURY

UNSAFEACT

Under 20 Overexertion Head Back Strain, Sprain Operating without Authority20-29 Fall - Same Level Eye Other Strain, Sprain Working On Moving Or

Dangerous Equipment30-39 Fall - Off Level Ear Dislocation Operating At Unsafe Speeds

40-49 Struck Against Face (Other) Fracture Making Safety Devices Inoperative

50-59 Struck By Neck Contusion Taking Unsafe Position Or Posture

60 Over Caught Between Shoulder Amputation Handling Materials Incorrectly – Manual

Vehicle Arm Open Wound Using Defective Tools

Electrical Elbow Heart Attack Using Hands Instead Of Tools

OVERTIME

Temp Extreme Wrist Vision Loss Unsafe Loading

YES Repetitive Motion Hand Burn Failure To Use PPE

NO Radiation Finger Asphyxia Distracting, Teasing Or Horseplay

Inhalation Back Hearing Loss Not Following Rules Or Instructions

DAY Of WEEK

Absorption Chest Tendon Inflammation No Unclassified Insufficient Data

M ____ T _____ Ingestion Lungs Dermatitis No Unsafe Act

W____ Th._____ Slip (No Fall) Twist Abdomen Occupational Health

F ____ Sat.____ Other Groin Foreign Body UNSAFE PERSONAL

FACTORHip Multiple Injury Improper Attitude

TIME ON JOB

Leg Cumulative Trauma Lack Of Knowledge Or Skills

Yrs. _____ Months_____

Knee Other Defective Eyesight

Ankle Defective Hearing

SEX Foot UNSAFE CONDITION

Fatigue

Female Toes Improperly Guarded Muscular Weakness

Male Body System (Internal)

Safety Devices Inoperative Heart Weakness

Multiple Body Parts

Defective Existing Hernia

OSHA RECORDABLE

Hazardous Arrangement Intoxicated

YES Improper Illumination Unclassified Insufficient Data

NO Improper Ventilation No Unsafe Personal Factor

Fatal Lack of Suitable PPE

Lost Time Unsafe Attire

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Dr Visit Only Hazardous Dust, Gas or Fumes

First Aid Unclassified Insufficient DataNo Unsafe Condition

What was the employee doing when injured? (Be specific. If employee was using tools or equipment or handling material, name them and tell what employee was doing with them.)

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Describe in full the events, which resulted in the injury or occupational illness.

Describe the injury or illness in detail and indicate the part of body affected (E.g., Dermatitis of left hand, fractured right finger, etc.)

What object or substance directly injured the employee? (For example, the machine or object employee struck against or was struck by, vapors or fumes inhaled or swallowed, chemical which irritated the skin, or in cases of strains, hernias, etc., the object s/he was lifting, pulling, etc.)

______________________________________________________________________________

Regular Job: YES NO

Describe unsafe act or failure to act by employee (s) or others:

Describe any mechanical, physical or environmental condition that contributed to accident:

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Who was working with the injured? ______________________________________________

Who else was involved in the accident? ___________________________________________

Who witnessed the accident? ____________________________________________________

Who trained the injured in this job? _____________________________________________

Describe any personal factors that contributed to accident: __________________________

What PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) was being used? ______________

____________________________________________________

Did PPE fail? YES NO

If employee was not wearing proper PPE, what PPE should have been used?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Specific comments and recommendations:

/ / DATE NAME AND TITLE OF SUPERVISOR COMPLETING REPORT

/ / DATE SAFETY SUPERVISOR

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HEPATITIS B VACCINE DECLINATIONStandard 1910.1030 App A

It is mandatory that this form be filled out by every employee who under this standard is offered the Hepatitis B Vaccine, yet refuses to

have the vaccine administered.

I,______________________________________________________________(EMPLOYEE NAME)

understand that due to my occupational exposure to blood and other potentially infectious materials, I may be at risk of acquiring Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. I have been given the opportunity to be vaccinated with Hepatitis B vaccine, at no charge to myself.

However, I, _________________________________________(EMPLOYEE NAME)

decline Hepatitis B vaccination at this time. I understand that by declining the vaccine, I continue to be at risk of acquiring Hepatitis B, a serious disease. If in the future, I continue to have occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials and I want to be vaccinated with the Hepatitis B vaccine, I can receive the vaccination series at no charge to me.

_______________________________________ ___________________(SIGNATURE) (DATE)

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POST EXPOSURE EVALUATION FORM

EXPOSED EMPLOYEE NAME:____________________________TITLE:___________________

ADDRESS: _____________________________________________SS #_____________________TELEPHONE # _______________________EMERGENCY CONTACT:__________________

SOURCE NAME:______________________EMPLOYEE OF COMPANY ( ) YES ( )NO.ADDRESS: _____________________________________________SS #_____________________TELEPHONE #:_______________________EMERGENCY CONTACT:__________________

DATE OF EXPOSURE:_____________ DATE OF EVALUATION:___________________JOB DUTIES:___________________________________________________________________LED TO EXPOSURE:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE:____________________________________________________________________________________

SOURCE BLOOD TEST DATE: ____________________BLOOD ANALYSIS RESULT DATE: _________________BLOOD ANALYSIS RESULTS:

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

HAS SOURCE PERSON BEEN NOTIFIED OF RESULTS? ( ) YES ( ) NO DATE NOTIFIED:_____________________________

EXPOSED BLOOD TEST DATE: ______________________BLOOD ANALYSIS RESULT DATE: ___________________BLOOD ANALYSIS RESULTS:

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

HAS EMPLOYEE BEEN NOTIFIED OF RESULTS? ( )YES ( )NODATE NOTIFIED _____________________

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AUTHORIZED COMPANY REPRESENTATIVE

_____________________________________________________ EMPLOYEE SIGNATURE

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BLOOD BORNE PATHOGENS EXPOSURE CONTROL PLAN AUTHORIZATION FOR THE RELEASE OF EMPLOYEE MEDICAL

RECORD INFORMATION

I,_______________________________________________________________ (NAME)

HEREBY AUTHORIZE GREATER PINE ISLAND WATER ASSOCIATIONTO RELEASE COPIES OF THE FOLLOWING MEDICAL INFORMATION FROM MY MEDICAL RECORDS:

1.__________________________________________________________________

2.__________________________________________________________________

3.__________________________________________________________________

4.__________________________________________________________________

5.__________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(FULL NAME OF EMPLOYEE)

______________________________________________________________(SIGNATURE OF EMPLOYEE)

________________________________________________________(DATE OF REQUEST)

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BLOOD BORNE PATHOGENS EXPOSURE CONTROL PLAN AUTHORIZATION FOR THE RELEASE OF EMPLOYEE MEDICAL

RECORD INFORMATIONTO AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE

I,___________________________________________________________________ (EMPLOYEE NAME)HEREBY AUTHORIZE GREATER PINE ISLAND WATER ASSOCIATIONTO RELEASE COPIES OF THE FOLLOWING MEDICAL INFORMATION FROM MY MEDICAL RECORDS INTO THE CUSTODY OF ___________________________________________________________________ ( NAME) 1.___________________________________________________________________2.___________________________________________________________________3.___________________________________________________________________4.___________________________________________________________________5.___________________________________________________________________

I GIVE MY PERMISSION FOR THIS MEDICAL INFORMATION TO BE USED FOR THE FOLLOWING PURPOSE:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

HOWEVER, I DO NOT GIVE PERMISSION FOR ANY OTHER USE OR REDISCLOSURE OF THIS INFORMATION. THIS REQUEST WILL EXPIRE IN 6 MONTHS FROM THE SIGNATURE DATE.

______________________________________________________________(EMPLOYEE NAME)

________________________________________ _____________________(SIGNATURE OF REQUESTING EMPLOYEE) (DATE)______________________________________________________________(AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE NAME)______________________________________________________________(AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE SIGNATURE)______________________________________________________________(DATE OF RELEASE OF RECORDS)______________________________________________________________(RECORDS RELEASED BY) (NAME)

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