SAFETY PRECAUTIONS & USE OF FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS

M.Vinod Kumar

09011BB047

Electrical Hazards

Electrical shock and

Fire

Chart below shows the general relationship betweenthe degree of injury and amount of current for a 60-cyclehand-to-foot path of one second's duration of shock.

Note: While reading this chart, keep in mind that most electrical circuits can provide, under normal conditions, up to 20,000 milliamperes of current flow.

FOR A FIRE TO STARTS - 3 THINGS NEEDED

1. A SOURCE OF IGNITION

2. FUEL

3. OXYGEN

ANY OF THE ABOVE MISSING , FIRE CANNOT START TAKING STEPS TO AVOID THE THREE COMING TOGETHER WILL THEREFORE REDUCE THE CHANCE OF A FIRE OCCURING.

ONCE A FIRE STARTS IT CAN GROW QUICKLY AND SPREAD FROM ONE SOURCE OF FUEL TO ANOTHER, AS IT GROWS THE AMOUNT OF HEAT IT GIVES OFF WILL INCREASE AND THIS CAN CAUSE OTHER FUELS TO SELF -IGNITE

SAFE WORK PRACTICESWorkers can significantly reduce electrical hazards by following some basic precautions:

Ground all electrical equipment and the workpiece.

Use the correct cable size.

Make sure all electrical connections are tight, clean, and dry.

Keep dry.

Keep cables and connectors in good

condition.

Avoid open-circuit voltage.

Wear insulated gloves when adjusting equipment. 

Inspect wiring of equipment before each use. Replace damaged or frayed electrical cords immediately.

Use safe work practices every time electrical equipment is used.

Follow recognized safety standards.

Know the location and how to operate shut-off switches and/or circuit breaker panels. Use these devices to shut off equipment in the event of a fire or electrocution.

Limit the use of extension cords. Use only for temporary operations. In all other cases, request installation of a new electrical outlet.

Use only multi-plug adapters equipped with circuit breakers or fuses.

Keep the eletronic wires/devices away from children.

FIRE-FIGHTING EQUIPMENT

Fire is the third leading cause of accidental deaths, yet most people ignore it.

Electrical fires are fires involving potentially energized electrical equipment. 

FIRES ARE CLASSIFIED AS:

Electrical fires:

1. Dry powder (Blue marking)

2. Carbon dioxide(Black marking)

3. Vaporising liquid (Green marking)

Non-electrical fires:

1.  Water(Red marking)

2.  Foam(Cream/yellow)

FIRE FIGHTING:FIRE EXTINGUISHER

FIRE EXTINGUISHER SHOULD BE INSTALLED AS PER THE INDIAN STANDARDS CODE(IS:2190-1971)

PORTABLE EXTINGUISHERS ARE FITTED AT VARIOUS LOCATIONS IN THE COMMON AREA TO FIGHT DIFFERENT TYPES OF FIRE:

DRY POWDER TYPE :IS:2171-1962

FIRE BUCKETS :AS PER ISI

CARBON DI OXIDE: IS:2878/1976

WATER CARBONDI OXIDE: IS:940/1976

MECH FOAM TYPE: IS:10204

HOW TO EXTINGUISH SMALL FIRES

Extinguish energized electrical equipment by using an extinguishing agent that is not capable of conducting electrical currents.

Carbon dioxide, ordinary (BC-rated) dry chemical, multi-purpose dry chemical and halon* fire extinguishers may be used to fight Class C fires. DO NOT USE water extinguishers on energized electrical equipment.

* Even though halon is widely used, it is kept out of use in favor of agents less harmful to the environment.

HOW TO USE A PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

Remember the acronym, "P.A.S.S.“

P......Pull the Pin.

A......Aim the extinguisher nozzle at the base of the flames.

S......Squeeze trigger while holding the extinguisher upright.

S......Sweep the extinguisher from side to side, covering the area of the fire with the extinguishing agent.

FIRE DETECTION & FIGHTING SYSTEM

IT INCLUDES THE SMOKE DETECTION AND FIRE ALARM SYSTEM ACCORDING TO THE INDIAN STANDARDS AND NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE

IS-2175 : HEAT SENSITIVE FIRE DETECTORS FOR USE IN AUTOMATIC FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

IS-2189 : CODE OF PRACTICE FOR SELECTION,INSTALLATION AND MAINTAINENCE OF AUTOMATIC FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM

IS-11360 : FOR SMOKE DETECTORS USED IN AUTOMATIC ELECTRICAL FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

BS-5839 : FOR MANUAL CALL POINTS

Other equipment and materials that we use to fight fires include:

Fire hoses(63mm/IS-636)

Buckets of water

Sprinkler systems

Fire blankets and

Sand in buckets

Heat detectors

Smoke detectors

Queries..??

Thank You..