Safety Management

Risk Management/Emergency

Preparedness Plan

Concepts of Risk Management

• Provides a flexible framework for estimating, planning and controlling the impact of the risk.

• It attempts to identify and manage threats that can severely impact or bring down an organization.

• It creates a strategy to reduce financial loss, physical injuries and property damage.

• It analyzes the costs and benefits of those programs and strategies.


Levels of Risk Management• Crisis Management

- calls for plants to be in place if and when the crisis occurs.

• Facilities Management- calls for one long-term planned development of buildings, offices and computers manufacturing plants and their planned operation and maintenance.

• Security Management- calls for guarding of physical properties against

theft, fraud and forgery.• Safety management

- is about plants against workplace accidents.• Insurance management

- calls for planned transfer of risks


Types of Risks to be Managed• Financial Risks

- related to involvement of funds• Industrial Risks

- related to hazards in factory, and stores.• Transportation Risks

- raw materials, finished goods, and machinery• Technology Risks

- Products like software data and programs, and hardware like data storage, cable network, and Internet etc.

Historical Development

Risk Management is our tool for survival and growth.

Successful application of risk management started around 1955 through concept of scientific management by Taylor came about in 1930.

Concept of risk management grew out of insurance buying and selling.

Product risk analysis followed development of system reliability analysis used greatly in Space Sciences and by Defense Departments.

Quantitative Risk analysis grew exponentially into tools of Financial Risk Analysis.

Risk Control MeasuresProcedural Protection

• Fire emergency procedure• Disaster preparedness plan• Mutual aid scheme

Physical Protection• Built in safety devices and safety system• Fire proofing of steel structures• Burning waste gases in a flare system

Educational Protection• Mock fire drill• Safety manuals• Safety motivation schemes

Risks in Rural Areas and its Prevention

Environmental Risks• Ozone layer depletion by methane formation for

animal dung• Low ground water level resulting in high fluoride

content in drinking water• Tree cutting for domestic use

Prevention Methods• Gobar plants• Check dams• Community tree plantation

Effective Communication and Risk Management

• Timely communication is essential for the HSM(Health Safety Management) to produce result.

• The development in IT(Information Technology) and communication can help organization in a big way and will save valuable time and money.

• Risk Management is an essential part of health and safety management.

Role of ‘IT’ in Health and safety Management• Identification of Hazards and their Monitoring• Monitoring Health of Assets• Calibration of Measuring Equipment

Post Loss Functions of Risk

• Survival An organization survives when its

production integrity remains intact, its marketing force is seen on road and finance does not emit any public signal of crunch.• Continuity of Operation

Making the continuity visible despite a major loss.

Post LossFunctions of Risk

• Humanitarian ConductHandling human resources to ensure

continuity of their contribution towards the enterprise value.• Initiate and Conclude the Recovery Process

Recovery from insurers, debtors and other agencies where the risk stood transferred and spread should be completed at the earliest

and the resources to be handed over to management to prevent volatility of resources.

Emergency Preparedness and

Response Planning (EPRP) In

Major Accident Hazard (MAH)

FactoriesMajor Accident

Defined as an accident involving loss of life inside and outside the installation, or ten or more injuriesMajor Accident Hazard Factory

Defined as a factory handling including transport through carries or pipeline of hazardous chemicals at a site equal to or in excess of the threshold quantities specified under law.

EPRP in MAH Factories

EmergencyAn unplanned event that:

• Can cause deaths or significant injuries to employees, customers or the public

• Can shutdown an industrial activity• Disrupt operation • Cause physical or environmental damage and it

includes fire, explosion and hazardous material incident

Emergency management

The process of preparing for, mitigating, responding to and recovering from an emergency.


Emergency Preparedness Plan (EPP)Describes the actions to be taken by the

employees to ensure their safety in case of an emergency and its purpose is to facilitate and organize employer and employee actions during work place emergencies.

It consists of on-site emergency plan or off-site emergency plan.

It provides and details on preparedness of the industry to tackle an emergency.


Emergency Preparedness and Response Planning(EPRP) Handling accidents and emergencies, and incorporates both preparedness of the organizations to tackle emergencies, and response planning for such emergencies. It includes the following:

• As assessment of risks scenario leading to spills and probable impacts

• Installation and maintenance of warning signages• Continuous access to the incident response manual• Staff training in incident response protocols• Availability of equipment to mitigate the effects of any

chemical spill• Planning for containment of contaminated water if there

is spill and/or fire


On-site Emergency Response TeamsEmergency response teams are the first line of defense in emergencies. Physically capable and mentally alert to perform the duties that are assigned thereto.

• Use of fire extinguishers• First aid, including cardiopulmonary resuscitators• Shutdown procedure• Evacuation procedure• Chemical spill control measures• Use of self contained breathing apparatus• Search and emergency rescue procedure• Trauma counseling


Off-site Emergency Response Teams• Fire Brigade• Ambulance Service• Poison Centers• Mutual Aid• Local Administration• Police• District Authority• Occupational Health Services• Non-governmental Organizations• Community


EntrapmentA local population is demographically trapped if it has exceeded, or is projected to exceed the combination of:

A.The carrying capacity of its own ecosystem.B. Its ability to obtain the products, and

particularly the foods, produced by other ecosystems except as food aid.

C. Its ability to migrate to other ecosystems in a manner which preservers (or improves) its standard of living.


Four tragedies of Entrapment• Starvation• Die from disease• Slaughter itself or its neighbors• Be supported indefinitely by food aid (if food is

available)


Confined Space is a space of any size, which has certain characteristics include:• Limited opening for entry and exit• Unfavorable natural ventilation• Often an atmosphere which is

contaminated or oxygen deficientExamples: Gas tanker, silos, degreasing baths, drains and sumps, sewerage man holes


Confined Space is also a space, which is not intended as a regular workplace.Hazards which may exist in a confined space:• Risk of explosion• Electrocution• Engulfment• Oxygen Deprivation or being overcome by

toxic gases and vapors


Flammable – Liquid Hazards Stem from VaporsThe vapor and air in a room form a mixture

that threatens to explode at the first spark from a light switch, faulty electrical equipment of static electricity.

Some flammable liquids are solvents, cleaning fluids and fuels. Keeping the lid on is a matter of good house keeping. Avoid spilling the liquid on yourself.

Ventilating the area will prevent buildup of vapors. Areas surrounding the work area should be either sealed off or ventilated as well.


First Aid• No matter how small the injuries get first aid first and

then get medical aid• Never administer the first aid of your own, if you do not

know.• Take the assistance of the first aid trained persons.

Fire – “Kill Fire Before It Kills You”• In case of fire, no matter how small it is, try to control

the fire by using the extinguishing media.• Raise alarm when you notice a fire.• Immediately report to the concerned for future action.• Use right type of extinguishing media for specific type of

fire.


Chemicals When not handled properly can cause fires,

explosions or toxic exposures. Safe storage, proper handling and transportation are needed.

Hazards in Manufacturing IndustriesA hazard in any existing or potential condition in

the workplace which, by itself or interacting with other variables, can result in accidents. Those responsible for maintenance may sometimes cause hazards in the workplace.

Such failures are not intentional. Often maintenance management does not have safety standards in place, or has not trained their workers in safe maintenance practices.

Safety Education under ‘EPRP’

Safety Defined as a condition or state of being resulting

from the modifications of human behavior and/or designing of the physical environment to reduce the possibility of hazards there by reducing accidents.Safety Education

Proactive development of knowledge, attitude, attitude, behavior and skills of the employee on safety. Feedback

Feedback from the participants of all the groups should be obtained after conducting the designed safety education program.

Implementation of the Designed Safety Education Modules

Groups of Persons Module Periodicity

(On-Site)Works Incident controllerWorks Main ControllerOther Key PersonnelEssential Workers(Off-Site)Non-essential WorkersVisitorsFire BrigadePoliceDistrict AuthorityAmbulance ServicesPoison centersOccupational HealthServicesMutual aid membersNGO’s and expertsLocal AdministratorsCommunity

Module 1

Module 2

Module 3

Once in Six Months

Once in every year

Once in every year

Disaster ManagementFour distinct steps in disaster management research

• Emphasis on relief• Contingency planning for disaster preparedness• Emphasis on hi-tech tools and techniques• Vulnerability analysis and hazard assessment

Types of Disasterso Natural: Flood, drought, cyclone, earthquake,

volcanic eruption, heat waves, cold waves, tidal surge, and landslides etc.

o Manmade: Explosion, stampede, industrial accident, building fire, pressure on infrastructure declining quality of life, traffic accidents, terrorist atrocities, contagious diseases, bio-terrorism, chemical and nuclear warfare

Disaster ManagementDisasters Categorization

• Water and climate related hazards• Geological related hazards• Chemical, industrial and nuclear related disasters• Accident related disasters• Biologically related disasters

Factors Affecting Disasters• Population growth and urban development• Development practice – industrial development and

high tech• Shortage of water• Effects of environment degradation – rise of global

temperature/retreat of mountain glacier etc.

‘On-Site’ and ‘Off-Site’

Emergency Plans

On-site Emergency Plan

On-site EmergencyIf an accident/incident takes place in a factory and its

affects are confined to the factory premises, involving the persons working in the factory and the property inside the factory.Objectives of the plan

• To control and contain the incident/accident and eliminate it if possible

• To minimize the effects of the incident on person, property and environment

Mock drillsShould be carried out periodically to make the plan

foolproof and persons are made fully prepared to fight against any incident in the plan.


Emergency Action Plan

The action plan should consist of:

A. Designated Emergency Control Centre/Room

B. Key personnel

A. Emergency Control CentreThis is the main center from where the operations to

handle the emergency are directed and coordinated.


B. Key Personnel for On-site Emergency• Works Main Controller• Works Incident Controller• Communication Officer• Security and Fire Officer• Telephone Operators• Medical Officer• Personnel/Administrative Officer• Essential Work Team Leaders


Alarm SystemVaries and will depend upon the size of the works

area. Automatic alarm may be needed for highly hazardous nature of plant.Assembly Points

A safe place far away from the plant should be predetermined as assembly point where in case of emergency personnel evacuated from the affected areas are to be assembled.Communication System

Communication is a key component to control an emergency.


Siren for EmergencySiren for emergency should be different from the

normal siren. It should be audible to a distance of 5km radiuses. The emergency siren should be used only in case of emergency

Escape RouteThe shortest route to reach out of the plant area to

open area, which leads to assembly point. It should be clearly marked

EvacuationAll non-essential staff should be evacuated from the

emergency site


Counting of PersonnelAll personnel working in the plant should be counted

All Clear SignalAfter control of emergency the Works Incident

Controller will communicate to the Works Main controller about the cessation of emergency. The main Controller can declare all clear by instructing the time office to sound “All Clear Sirens”

Mutual Aid SystemIntroduced among industries so that in case of

emergency necessary help from mutual aid partner may be extended


Mock DrillsIt should be conducted once in 6 months and

sequence of events should be recorded for improvement of the exercise.Emergency Facilities

The following facilities should be provided in any factory to tackle any emergency at any time:• Fire protection and fire fighting facilities• Emergency lighting and standby power• Emergency equipment and rescue-equipment• Safety equipment

Off-site Emergency Plan

Off-Site EmergencyIf the accident is such that it affects inside the

factory are uncontrollable and it may spread outside the factory premises.Objectives of the plan

• To save lives and injuries• To prevent or reduce property losses• To provide for quick resumption of normal situation

or operation Risk Assessment

Most essential before preparing any off site emergency plan.


Central Control CommitteeA Central Control Committee in consultation

with the factory management and government agencies shall prepare the Off-site Emergency plan. The plan contains up-to-date details of out side emergency services and resources.

Mock exercises It should be carried out at least once in a year

to train the employees, up to date the plan, observe and rectify the deficiencies.


Hazop StudyBefore making the On-site and Off-site

plans Hazop study has to be carried out to identify the potential hazardous situations and to find out possible control measures. It is to be carried out by a team of experts.

The finalized Disaster/Off-site plan shall be given to all concerned for implementation and rehearsal for preparedness.

Tips During Emergency

• Be calm, do not get panicky.• Decide win direction. Move away perpendicular to wind

direction.• Do not run, walk quickly.• Cover your nose with wet cloth and breathe through it.• If possible, use any available vehicle to move away.• Try to save lives, do not bother about properties.• Set the live stocks free.• Extinguish any open flame.• On hearing siren during emergency, switch on the media for

any important message.• Communicate to everybody about the emergency.• Extend full co-operation to those who come forward to help

and rescue.

Safety Management

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Transcript of Safety Management