Safety for Supervisors In

Safety for Supervisors in Saskatchewan

Canada's middle Safety Hub

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Why Supervisor Training?

• Front line Supervisors play an important role in the health and safety– Closest to the work– Have the greatest control over work activities– Have the greatest influence on workers– Have the greatest influence on health and safety



Safety and Health Programs


Benefits of Effective Safety and Health Programs

• Reduce work related injuries and illnesses

• Improve morale and productivity• Reduce workers’ compensation

costs


Major Elements• An effective occupational safety and health

program includes the following four elements:

Management commitment and employee

involvement

Worksite analysis

Hazard prevention and control

Safety and health training


Management Commitment and Employee Involvement

• These are complementary elements• Management commitment provides

motivation and resources • Employee involvement allows workers

to develop and express commitment to safety and health


Policy and Goals

• Clearly state a worksite safety and health policy• Establish and communicate a clear goal and

objective for the safety and health program • Involve top management in implementing the

program


Employee Involvement

• Encourage employees to get involved in the program and in decisions that affect their safety and health

• Communicate responsibility for all program aspects


Responsibility

• Parties responsible for the safety and health program must have authority and resources

• Managers, supervisors, and employees must be held accountable for meeting their responsibilities

• Program operations must be reviewed at least annually, to evaluate, identify deficiencies, and revise, as needed


Worksite Analysis• Examine the worksite and identify:

-- existing hazards-- conditions and operations where changes might occur to create hazards

• Management must actively analyze the work and the worksite to anticipate and prevent harmful occurrences


Comprehensive Survey

• Conduct a comprehensive baseline survey for safety and health

• Job Hazard Analysis


Safety and Health Inspections

• Conduct regular (usually weekly) site inspections • Establish daily work area inspection procedures • Develop and use a checklist• Provide a reliable system for employees, without fear

of reprisal, to notify management about apparent hazardous conditions and to receive timely and appropriate responses


Hazard Prevention and Control

• Start by determining that a hazard or potential hazard exists

• Where feasible, prevent hazards by effective design of job or job site

• If the hazard cannot be eliminated, use hazard controls

• Eliminate or control hazards in a timely manner


Controlling the Hazards

• Engineering controls• Administrative controls• Personal protective equipment• Safe work practices communicated

– via training, positive reinforcement,– correction of unsafe performance,– and enforcement

To prevent and control hazards:


Hazard Prevention Planning

• Maintain the facility and equipment • Emergency planning

Training and drills, as needed• Medical program

First aid on sitePhysician and emergency care

nearby


Safety and Health Training

• Address the safety and health responsibilities of all personnel

• Incorporate it into other training and job performance/practice


Safety and Health Orientation

• Employees must understand the hazards they may be exposed to and how to prevent harm to themselves and others from hazard exposure

• Orientation training must be given to site and contract workers


Supervisor Responsibilities

• Analyze work to identify potential hazards in area of responsibility

• Maintain physical protections in work areas• Reinforce employee training through performance

feedback and, if needed, enforcement of safe work practices

Workplace Injuries


Saskatchewan

• In 2008– Saskatchewan time loss injury rate: 3.7%– Alberta time loss injury rate: 1.9%– Manitoba time loss injury rate: 4.1%

• Canadian time loss injury rate: 2.3% (2007)


Cost of Injuries

• Direct costs include wage loss, medical costs, vocational rehabilitation costs and long term replacement, where applicable

• Indirect costs include training, overtime, downtime, damage to property and equipment, injury investigation


Direct Costs (2009)

WCB Claims $665,000

Insurance premium $994,500

Surcharge $507,000

Total premium $1,501,500

For every $1 in direct costs associated with workplace injuries, there are $4 - $11 in Indirect Costs

Cost of Injuries


Cost of Injuries

• Impact on individual• Impact on families• Impact on the work community• Impact on communities


Internal Responsibility System

• We all must take ownership in health and safety in the workplace

• It is a shared responsibility between the employer, management and staff

• Worker participation is critical to achieving effective health and safety

SAFETY IS EVERYONE’S JOBSAFETY IS EVERYONE’S JOBP bar Y Safety Consultants Alberta Canada

Internal Responsibility System

• Advantages– Harnesses the knowledge of all to improve health

and safety– Motivates everyone to protect their health and

safety and that of their coworkers– It is better suited to developing solutions that

make sense in each workplace– It enhances co-management of health and safety


Health and Safety Policy

• Health, Safety and Environmental Protection Policy– The University of Saskatchewan provides a place

of employment and learning that is as free as possible from recognized hazards

– A safe and healthy environment is created and maintained through the provision of proper facilities, equipment, training, services, and by promoting safety consciousness



• Health, Safety and Environment Protection Policy– The Board of Governors shall meet these

objectives through the assignment of duties and responsibilities to the President, Vice-Presidents, Associate Vice-Presidents, Deans, Associate and Assistant Deans, Department Heads, Heads of Administrative units, Principal Investigators, Managers, Supervisors, and all other employees in positions of authority



• Health, Safety and Environmental Protection Policy– Workplace Safety and Environmental Protection

plan is designed to take any action deemed necessary and appropriate to meet all health, safety and environmental legislative requirements


Safety Committees• Responsibilities of safety committees

– Participate in the identification and control of hazards

– Help identify and resolve health and safety concerns of workers

– Receive and distribute information relating to health and safety

– Inspect the workplace regularly– Investigate reportable accidents– Help establish and promote health and safety policies

and programs– Investigate refusals to work


Discrimination and HarassmentPrevention Services

• Services are available to all students and employees and include– Confidential consultation and as requested taking

action to resolve the concern– Providing University officials with advice and

assistance to prevent, resolve or investigate issues– Workshops and presentations– Programs and activities that encourage respectful

interactions on campus– Advocating for due process and fair treatment


Legislation


Legislation

• Other federal, provincial or civil legislation that may apply to your work activities include– Occupational health and safety– Environmental protection– Hazardous materials– Transportation

• Take time to know and understand the legislation that affects your job!


Legislation

• Occupational health and safety in Saskatchewan is regulated through the– Occupational Health and Safety Act and

Regulations

• The Saskatchewan Ministry of Advanced Education, Employment and Labour (MAEEL) is the provincial governing body for occupational health and safety


Due Diligence

• Due diligence is the level of judgment, care, prudence, determination, and activity that a person would reasonably be expected to do under particular circumstances

• Applied to occupational health and safety, due diligence means that employers shall take all reasonable precautions, under the particular circumstances, to prevent injuries or accidents in the workplace


Due Diligence

• To exercise due diligence, an employer must implement a plan to identify possible workplace hazards and carry out the appropriate corrective action to prevent accidents or injuries arising from these hazards

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Duties and Responsibilities


Employer AccountabilitiesTowards Supervisors

• An employer shall ensure– All work at a place of employment is sufficiently

and competently supervised– Supervisors comply with the OHS Act and

Regulations any other applicable legislation


Employer AccountabilitiesTowards Supervisors

• An employer shall ensure Supervisors have sufficient knowledge of– The activities in which they supervise– OHS Act and Regulations– Employer health and safety program– Safe handling of hazardous materials– The need for and use of personal protective

equipment– Emergency procedures


Employee Accountabilities

• All employees are obligated to– Take reasonable care to protect his or her health

and safety and the health and safety of other workers who may be affected by his or her acts or omissions

– Use safeguards, safety appliances and personal protective equipment provided by the employer

– Follow safe work practices and procedures required by the University

– Comply with the OHS Act and Regulations


Rights and Obligations

• All employees have the following rights

– The right to know– The right to participate– The right to refuse



Right to Know

• Every employee has the right to– Be informed about hazards in the workplace– Be trained to recognize those hazards– Be trained to protect himself or herself from

these hazards



Right to Participate

• Every employee has the right to be involved in making health and safety decisions that affect them– Ask for information about health and wellness– Report health and safety concerns to your supervisor– Participate in decisions related to health and safety



Right To Refuse

• A worker has the right to refuse work that the worker has reasonable grounds to believe is unusually dangerous (Act, Part IV, Section 23)



Right To Refuse

• An unusual danger could include– A danger

that would normally stop work



Right To Refuse

• An unusual danger could include– A situation for

which you are not properly trained, equipped or experienced


What are your Responsibilities?


Supervisor Safety Responsibilities

• Operational– Assist the employer to decide what resources are

required for health and safety– Assessing the hazards in the workplace and the

appropriate controls– Integrating responsibilities for health and safety

into each employee’s regular work activities– Ensuring safe tools, materials, machinery and

personal protective equipment are provided, used and maintained properly



• Human Resource– Educating workers about their role in managing

health and safety issues– Ensuring that workers have appropriate safety

training– Instructing workers about hazards in the

workplace– Monitoring the health and safety of the work

environment



• Supervisory– Ensuring that workers know about and comply

with organizational and regulatory standards– Ensuring workers comply with health and safety

rules– Reporting incidents and assisting with

investigations– Promptly informing senior management about

health and safety complaints and concerns that cannot be resolved at the supervisory level



• Leadership– Promoting health and safety awareness and

correcting unsafe behavior and working conditions

– Involving workers in problem solving and decision making in the resolution of concerns

– Mentoring staff– Leading by example



• Safety should be fully integrated into all supervisor and employee activities

• Safety is not an “add-on”


Safety CultureFive Stages to World Class Safety ©

54

2

3

1

UtopiaHappens naturallyEmployee driven

EmpowermentBehavior basedEmployee empoweredTeam conceptsGroup focused goals

ObservationBehavior basedCompliance drivenLittle employee involvement

TraditionalEstablish policies/proceduresRules and regulationsLegalistic complianceActivity basedMBO

RealizationWe need to do something!


HSEMS


Safety Program Elements

• Standards, rules and procedures are in place• Supervisor and employees understand and abide

by legislative requirements• Hazards in the workplace are identified and

addressed accordingly• Procedures and rules are developed in support

of health and safety• Employees are appropriately trained and

understand their accountabilities and obligations


Safety Program Elements

• Equipment, tools and working environment is appropriately maintained

• Safety is discussed at regularly scheduled meetings

• The work site is inspected regularly• Safety issues are promptly addressed• Incidents are reported and responded to

appropriately• Regular program review


Make Safety a Recognized Value

• Things you can do– Develop a questioning attitude– Speak up whenever you feel safety is not being

properly considered– Challenge employees who do not appear to take

safety seriously or who may not understand what they need to do to be safe

– Inspect work sites regularly – stop work if things are not right

– Meet with employees regularly to discuss safety


Make Safety a Recognized Value

• Things you can do– Do not lay blame for events – focus on learning– Do not make excuses when things do not go right

– accept accountability– Recognize that everything you say and do (and

don’t say or do) reflects your values and priorities in safety


Don’t Compromise Standards, Rules and Procedures

• Standards, rules and procedures are there for a reason

• It is simply not possible to have a health safety culture in an organization if people do not respect and follow standards, rules and procedures



• Things you can do– Know the standards, rules and procedures and

follow them yourself– Ask employees to tell you their understanding of

the procedures and rules to check they are well known

– When you have to make decisions under pressure do not violate a rule or a procedure (without getting approval)



• Things you can do– Do not walk past a situation or a behaviour that is

not meeting expected requirements – What you accept you approve

– Encourage employees to tell you if they cannot follow the rules or they are unsure of the rules


Lead Behaviours Through Observation, Example and Explanation

• Behaviours have the greatest impact on safety

• Almost all events have their roots in behaviours

• For a healthy safety culture, it is essential that supervisors know what behaviours foster safety and which ones threaten safety


Lead Behaviours Through Observation, Example and Explanation

• Things you can do– Visit the work site, talk to people and observe

them at their work– Give positive feedback and recognition when you

see people doing the right things – be specific– Explain why we need to do things – give examples

of what not to do– Do not ignore inappropriate behaviours – they

become habits


Maintain Positive Control Over Conditions and Activities

• “Positive Control” means that we have control over what is going on

• Lack of positive control can arise from– Poor behaviours– Poor maintenance of equipment, tools and work

environment– Lack of oversight of employees– Not responding appropriately to situations when

they arise


Maintain Positive Control Over Conditions and Activities

• Things you can do– Make sure that you know what is going on in your

area of responsibility– If conditions change or decisions have to be

made, make sure that your are not making assumptions about the real conditions or how the activities will unfold – Don’t assume

– Request employees to tell you if they encounter unexpected changes or conditions in their work


Recognize Warning Signs – Don’t Live With Problems

• Virtually all safety events give warning signs before they happen

• Warning signs are not always dramatic; they are usually minor if we judge them by their actual consequences


Recognize Warning Signs – Don’t Live With Problems

• Things you can do– Look out for minor occurrences (warning signs) –

minor occurrences may be a precursor to a major event

– Do not judge the severity of a warning sign by its actual consequences but by its potential consequences

– Talk to employees about the potential consequences of things that you have seen going on

– Never discourage people from raising questions or reporting concerns

– Take action to get things put right


Recognizing Hazards


Recognizing Hazards

• A Safety Hazard is any force strong enough to cause injury in the event of an accident– Working environment– Mechanical and electrical equipment and systems– Powered mobile equipment– Hand tools– Trip and fall hazards– Working from elevations– …..


The Human Factor

Self - Own actions cause or contribute to incident/injury

Other People - someone else's behaviour causes or

contributes to incident/injury

Events - something unexpected happens without you or someone

else involved (e.g. wire rope breaks, traffic lights start working incorrectly,

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Resolving Health and Safety Issues


Health and Safety Concerns• Common health and safety concerns

– Lack of knowledge and/or training– Insufficient and/or inappropriate equipment and

tools– Equipment and tools not properly maintained– Poor working conditions (ergonomic, occupational

hygiene, housekeeping, etc.)– Inadequate rules and procedures– Inadequate controls– Inadequate personal protective equipment– Not following applicable legislation


Health and Safety Concerns

• Common supervisory concerns– Management does not value safety– Management does not lead by example– Employees discouraged to raise concerns– Employees blamed when incidents occur


Workplace Incidents

1. Call for help2. Obtain medical attention as necessary3. Notify your Supervisor4. Complete an Incident Report5. If you were required to see a physician,

complete Workers’ Compensation Board forms


Incident Reporting and Investigation

• Incident reporting process– The individual involved in the incident completes

an incident report– His/her Supervisor follows up with the individual

and completes the corrective actions and preventative measures portion of the report

• An incident report should be completed within 24 hours of the incident


Incident Reporting and Investigation

• Complete a WCB E1 form• Submit the form to Health and Wellness

• The E1 form must be submitted to the WCB within five days of becoming aware of the incident


WHAT YOU ACCEPT, YOU APPROVE

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Safety for Supervisors In

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