Safety forSafety forHealth ScienceHealth Science

StudentsStudents

Classroom RulesClassroom Rules• No running, climbing, or throwing.• Keep bags and purses on shelf or

under desk.• Keep your hands to yourself.• Respect yourself and others.

Lab RulesLab Rules

Students may not:Students may not:– be in lab without teacher– be in storage areas without permission– sit or lay on beds– use equipment without permission

Clinical RulesClinical RulesStudents must at all times:

– stay within assigned unit – follow facility policy– dress appropriately– act in a respectful, courteous manner – be ready to leave at the proper time– work within your scope of practicework within your scope of practice

• doing what you are qualified to dodoing what you are qualified to do– maintain confidentialitymaintain confidentiality

Classroom Safety

• You should notify the teacher at once if:– you note water in the floor. Do not leave the

spill.– you note an electrical cord is damaged. Do

not use cord.– Receive a major or minor injury.

Body MechanicsBody Mechanics• Body alignment is the way in which the

body moves and maintains balance while making the most efficient use of all its parts

• It is critical for the health and safety of both the health care worker and patient

Key ReasonsKey Reasons• Muscles work best when used correctly• Correct use makes lifting, pulling and

pushing easier• Correct use prevents unnecessary

fatigue and strain saves energy.• Correct use prevents unnecessary

fatigue and strain saves energy.

Proper Body AlignmentProper Body Alignment• The head, trunk, arms, and legs are

aligned with one another.• The feet are separated 10 - 12 inches to

provide a broad base of support.• The muscles of the shoulders, upper

arms, hips, and thighs are used to lift and move patients and heavy objects

Basic RulesBasic Rules1. Use a broad base of support.2. Push or pull using the weight of your body.3. Don’t bend for long periods of time.4. Use the strongest muscles to do the job. 5. Bend your knees and squat to lift heavy

objects.6. Carry objects close to the body.7.Don’t twist and lift. 8.Get help if the load is too heavy

ErgonomicsErgonomics• The science of designing a job to fit the

worker to eliminate serious injuries related to:– Force– Repeating action– Awkward positions

Ergonomics in ActionErgonomics in Action• Keep objects in front of you or to your

side. Don’t turn repetitively.• If objects or heavy get help.

FireFireElements of fire

– oxygen– heat (a spark or flame)– fuel

One of these must be eliminated to extinguish One of these must be eliminated to extinguish a fire.a fire.

Fire prevention– storage of flammable materials– maintenance of electrical equipment– non smoking facility

In Case of a Fire• Know where extinguishers and

emergency exits are

• Remember “R A C E”– R – rescue– A – alarm– C – confine– E – extinguish

Fire Extinguishers• Four types

– A – wood, paper, cloth– B – grease, oil– C – electrical – Combo – all purpose

• All fire extinguishers must be serviced yearly by a professional and checked monthly by the safety team

Using a Fire ExtinguisherUsing a Fire Extinguisher• Remember the acronym “P A S S”

– P -- pull the pin– A -- aim the nozzle– S -- squeeze the trigger– S – sweep from side to side

OSHAOSHAOccupational Safety & Health AdministrationOccupational Safety & Health Administration

Requires that:• All substances must be labeled• Labels must identify:

– physical & health hazards– precaution measures– PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)– directions for using substance safely– storage and disposal information– labels MAY NOT be removed

Hazardous MaterialsHazardous Materials• A hazardous material is any substance that

presents a physical or health hazard.

• OSHA requires that employees understand the risks and know how to handle hazardous substances.

• Physical hazards can cause fire or explosions.

• Health hazards can cause be acute (short) or chronic (long) term.

MSDSMSDS • Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

provide detailed information about – Product & company identification– Ingredient information– Hazard identification– First aid measures– Fire fighting measures– Accidental release measures– Handling & storage– Exposure controls/ PPE– Stability & reactivity

MSDSMSDS• Employees (students) must know the

location of the MSDS and how to use them

• The MSDS book in my classroom is….

Microorganisms

• A microorganism (microbe) is a small living plant or animal that can only be seen with a microscope.

• Microbes are everywhere.• There are two classification

▫Non-pathogens – do not usually cause infections and help to maintain body processes

▫Pathogens – cause infection and disease

Classes of Microorganisms

• Bacteria• Protozoa• Fungi• Rickettsiae• Viruses

Modes of Transmission

• Microbes may be transmitted by:– Airborne Transmission– Bloodborne Transmission– Vectorborne Transmission– Sexual Transmission– Foodborne Transmission– Casual Contact

Rules of Hand Hygiene

• Wash your hands with soap & water when they are visibly dirty or soiled

• After using the restroom• After contact with blood, body fluids,

secretions, or excretions• After coughing, sneezing, or blowing your

nose• Before and after handling, preparing,

or eating food

Isolation Precautions

• Wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

• Gowns• Masks• Eyewear

• Special measures are used for – removing linens, trash, and equipment from

the room – collecting and transporting specimens– transporting persons

Supplies and Equipment

Most equipment is disposable, however, nondisposable items must be cleaned and then disinfected.

– Disinfection - process of destroying pathogens.– Germicides - disinfectants applied to skin,

tissues, and non-living objects.– Chemical disinfectants - used to clean surfaces

and reusable items.– Sterilization destroys all non-pathogens and

pathogens, including spores