Safety and Security - iPresas

19
Safety and Security Enrique Cifres Dr.Ing.C.C.y P

Transcript of Safety and Security - iPresas

Page 1: Safety and Security - iPresas

Safety and Security

Enrique CifresDr.Ing.C.C.y P

Page 2: Safety and Security - iPresas

Comentarios sobre seguridad hidrológica

Page 3: Safety and Security - iPresas

1.- ¿Sabemos con certeza jurídica cómo hemos de aplicar nuestros

conocimientos técnicos?

Page 4: Safety and Security - iPresas

El Reglamento lo expresó como “riesgos asumibles”, pero sigue quedando sin dilucidar quién establece esa “aceptabilidad”.

Sabemos quién no debe establecerlo: El técnico proyectista.La sociedad, mediante sus instituciones representativas es la que

tiene la legitimidad de aceptar un riesgo o establecer su nivel,para la consecución del Interés General. Necesitamos una Leyde que regule el criterio de riesgo aceptable en las infraestructuras.

Page 5: Safety and Security - iPresas

Artículo 11.- Avenidas a considerar.11.1 El criterio básico para la selección y la determinación de las avenidas de proyecto será el del riesgo potencial asumible....11.3 En función del riesgo potencial asumible durante la fase de construcción de la presa se determinarán las avenidas a considerar en el proyecto de los desvíos provisionales y órganos de desagüe. Se tendrá en cuenta, necesariamente, la distribución de frecuencias de las avenidas según los meses.

R.T.S.P.E.

Page 6: Safety and Security - iPresas

Presa de Vilamarxant: Participación ciudadana, 2006

2.- ¿Cómo articular la voluntad social?

Page 7: Safety and Security - iPresas

Heavy reasons to promote public participation; most of them can be put under subjective discussion: (after Skeffington,UK, 1969)

• Public participation processes provide more efficient management, thus actions would be carried out better if the affected people were involved.

• Long-term sustainability of a project would be more warranted if the involved people have participated since early stages. Participants could be considered themselves as an essential factor in final result.

• Gained legitimacy if people’s concerns and opinions are taken into account.• Problem comprehension becomes deeper sharing analysis with local agents due to

their know-how and local knowledge. It must be stated that problems can be formulated from very different points of view.

• It’s possible to anticipate absolutely unacceptable proposals saving time and cost.• Participants can update their prior positions having access to clear information and

arguments during the process. At the end is too late and perhaps some unreasonable reactions can be set up.

• Other than initial actors can be found during the process allowing that new unconsidered inputs or hidden factors can be identified.

Public Participation in Dam ProjectsDr. E. Cifres. HRW, USA, 2007

Page 8: Safety and Security - iPresas

Some learned lessons• Lack of implication of potential beneficed people who trust that the

administration promotes the solution of its interests. Most of the cases, public participation in held looking for legitimacy of those proposals that have not been made with that opened starting position.

• Equity in costs and benefits means to known externalities that need very complex and not agreed procedures. For instance, gained value of the land after flood control schemes.

• It’s absolutely necessary to gain credibility from stakeholders and that is only possible believing in the process yourself. Playing the role of a fair arbitratorbetween confronted positions and no trying to defend just a proposal means to believe in the public participation as a democratic tool more than on your own criteria.

• Transparency and well defined rules and calendars are also essential as wellas the knowledge “a priori” of the range of possibilities, boundary conditions and the scope of the discussion. Too wide scopes, larger than permitted, can be interpreted as promising possibilities that once have to be rejected become in frustration.

• However, there will be always who remain frustrated, including those who for each solution find a problem.

Public Participation in Dam ProjectsDr. E. Cifres. HRW, USA, 2007

Page 9: Safety and Security - iPresas

Timing

The beginning of the public participation in projects is, very often, too delayed. Moreover, if main planned decisions are taken, it can be interpreted as a deceit. The waste and frustration of Decide-Announce-Defend must be avoided (CLG, 2006).

However, at very early stages, conscience on the potential affections does not awake and reactions do not take place.Also, it must be said that real benefits and costs, including externalities, are very difficult to estimate at that early phase.

See: European Directive on the Environmental Assessment of Plans andProgrammes

Public Participation in Dam ProjectsDr. E. Cifres. HRW, USA, 2007

Page 10: Safety and Security - iPresas

3.- ¿cuál es el estado de salud de la ciencia

hidrológica?

-Presas existentes-Nuevos proyectos

Page 11: Safety and Security - iPresas

PRIMERA POSIBILIDAD• Evaluar el daño potencial a priori o riesgo

potencial por rotura. Clasificar la presa.• Establecer un criterio de selección de la

avenida de proyecto y extrema en función de ello (Guia tecnica).

Establecer el grado de autodefensa de la presa para evitar daños a terceros en caso de rotura

Técnica vigente

Page 12: Safety and Security - iPresas

f1f2 f3

D2

D4

D3

f1*D2+f2*D3+f3*D4

Con la misma hidrologia y clasificacion de la presa

f1f2 f3

D1 nulosD2D3

f1*0+f2*D2+f3*D3

Page 13: Safety and Security - iPresas

OTRA POSIBILIDAD•• Evaluar el Evaluar el dadañño potencial a priori o o potencial a priori o riesgo generalizado riesgo generalizado

naturalnatural. . •• Evaluar la modificaciEvaluar la modificacióón del riesgo que implica la presa n del riesgo que implica la presa

bajo diferentes posibilidades de disebajo diferentes posibilidades de diseññoo–– Establecer un criterio de selecciEstablecer un criterio de seleccióón de las n de las avenidasavenidas de proyecto de proyecto

en funcien funcióón de ellon de ello–– Proyectar sus elementos de desagProyectar sus elementos de desagüüe en consecuenciae en consecuencia

No solo eNo solo establecer el grado de autodefensa de la presa stablecer el grado de autodefensa de la presa sinosinoevaluarevaluar susu papelpapel o o impactoimpacto en el en el riesgoriesgo y y susu aceptabilidadaceptabilidad

Page 14: Safety and Security - iPresas

0

1

Q

REGIMEN NATURAL DE AVENIDAS

DISMINUCION DE RIESGO POR LAMINACION

RIESGO IMPUESTO ROTURA POTENCIAL*

*no solo por riesgo hidrologico

F

REGULACION

Page 15: Safety and Security - iPresas

Rio aguas abajo de una presa

II--MModificaciodificacióónn del riesgodel riesgo

DiferenteDiferenteen en cadacada puntopuntode la de la cuencacuenca

∫ ríoelTododqqfqvqyqDaño

__)()..)(),(,(

Page 16: Safety and Security - iPresas

Modification of PDF due to the flood protection plan at Torrente City

0.960

0.965

0.970

0.975

0.980

0.985

0.990

0.995

1.000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Q( m3/s)

F(Q

)

Natural regimeFuture regime

Return Period (years)Peak Flow (cms) Natural After works

152 25 41255 50 74387 100 157810 500 1770

Modification of PDF at Industrial area due to Pozalet Creek ( Cheste Dam, Routing pool &

Channelling)

0.960

0.965

0.970

0.975

0.980

0.985

0.990

0.995

1.000

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Q (cms)

F(Q

)

After worksNatural regime

Page 17: Safety and Security - iPresas

4.- ¿Es posible comerciar con el

riesgo?

Page 18: Safety and Security - iPresas

5.- ¿Se tiene el control de todos los elementos de decisión involucrados?

-Órganos de decisión-Evolución futura-..incertidumbres

Page 19: Safety and Security - iPresas

Gracias por vuestras críticas