SACCONE IS THE COOLEST Chapter 14 Human Locomotion.
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Transcript of SACCONE IS THE COOLEST Chapter 14 Human Locomotion.
SACCONE IS THE COOLEST
Chapter 14
Human Locomotion
SACCONE IS THE COOLEST
In humans, locomotion involves the interaction of:
1. Bones 2. Cartilage 3. Muscles 4. Tendons 5. Ligaments
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(I) Bones
Composed mainly of calcium
Made up of living bone cells and connective fiber tissue
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Bones provide:Support and protection of body organsAnchorage for musclesLeverage for musclesBone marrow for the production of blood cells
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Bone Marrow
Found in hollow cavities of boneThese hollow cavities are known as the Haversian canalsProduce:
red blood cells white blood cells platelets
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Joints
Where bone meets bone in an organism
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Types of Joints1. Immovable joint
2. Ball-and-socket joint
3. Hinge joint
4. Gliding joint
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Immovable Joint
Bones that are tightly fitted together
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Ball-and-Socket Joint
Can move in all directions
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Hinge Joint
Permits back and forth motion
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Gliding Joint
Provides limited flexibility in all directions
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(II) Cartilage
Unlike bone, cartilage is flexible and elastic
Found at joints, nose, and ear
Absorbs shock
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OssificationThe process by which cartilage gradually changes into bone
Ex: In humans, the skeleton of an embryo is made up of mostly cartilage. By adulthood, most of this cartilage changes into bone by the process of ossification
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(III) Muscles
Three types of muscle:
Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
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Skeletal MuscleVoluntary (can be controlled)Involved in locomotionAttached to boneStriated in appearance (striped)Function as antagonistic pairs
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Antagonistic PairsMuscles work as opposites
Ex: 1. Bicep contracts
then triceps relaxes 2. Triceps contracts
then the bicep relaxes
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SummaryWhen the bicep contracts, the arm bends upward (flexes) and therefore the bicep is known as a flexor When the triceps contracts, the arm extends outward and therefore the triceps is known as an extensor
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Smooth MuscleSmooth and not striated in appearanceInvoluntary (cannot move)Found in:
-walls of digestive organs
-walls of arteries and veins
-walls of internal organs
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Cardiac Muscle
Found only in the heart
Striated in appearance
Involuntary
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(IV) Attachments
1. Ligaments- connect bone to bone
2. Tendons- connect muscle to bone
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(V) Disorders of Locomotion
1. Arthritis- inflammation of the joints
2. Tendonitis- inflammation of a tendon, usually where it is attached to the bone