SAARC Action Plan on Energy Conservation · SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation...

SAARC Action Plan onEnergy Conservation

SAARC Energy Centre, Islamabad

SAARC Action Plan on Energy Conservation

SAARC Energy Centre Page iii

FOREWORD

SAARC Energy Centre (SEC) is mandated to initiate, coordinate and facilitate regional Cooperation in energy sector in South Asia. It provides relevant information, updates on technology, and necessary expertise to Member States to promote the integration of energy strategies within the region.

Import dependence for energy supplies in SAARC Member States varies between 25% in case of Bhutan to 100% in case of Maldives. With accelerated economic development, the energy consumption is increasing rapidly with resultant increase in import dependence. Inefficient use of energy to support such economic growth further compounds the rate of growth in energy use with consequent environment degradation. Member States, therefore, need to become energy efficient to become competitive in the global market besides getting environmental dividend.

The Sixteenth SAARC Summit (Silver Jubilee Summit) held in Thimphu, 28-29 April 2010, placed utmost importance on energy, especially energy conservation in the region. The Silver Jubilee SAARC Declaration, titled “Towards a Green and Happy South Asia”, states:“The Leaders agreed that an Action Plan on Energy Conservation would be prepared by the SAARC Energy Centre with inputs from the Member States and submit its recommend ations to the inter-governmental mechanism for consideration”.

The draft SAARC Action Plan on Energy Conservation was accordingly prepared by SEC. The Plan also included the elements of SAARC Road Map on Energy Efficiency & Energy Conservation, recommendations of SAARC Working Group on Energy and various other valid suggestions made at several energy fora held in the region.

The first draft of the Action Plan was placed before the 6th Meeting of SAARC Working Group on Energy held in August 2011 in Islamabad. The Working Group recommended that the draft be sent to the Member States for comments and the final version should be developed incorporating those comments. Accordingly, the draft was circulated among Member States, and the comments received from them have been incorporated in the revised draft.

The revised draft was subjected to extensive external and internal peer review and is being submitted to the 7th Meeting of the Governing Board of SAARC Energy Centre to be held on 18-19 September 2012 in Islamabad for approval and onward submission to SAARC Secretariat for consideration of the SAARC inter-governmental mechanism for consideration.

This Action Plan has no binding obligations. It provides useful guidelines and the actions required for energy conservation. The Member States may adopt this Action Plan according to their needs and priorities and may wish to alter the suggested targets and goals to suit the prevailing ground situation.

Hilal A. RazaDirector, SAARC Energy CentreIslamabadAugust 17, 2012


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LIST OF CONTENTS

1. SITUATION ANALYSIS ...............................................................................................1

1.1 Preamble .....................................................................................................................1

1.2 Background Information ...............................................................................................1

1.3 Action Plan Development Mechanism .........................................................................1

1.3.1 Methodology ................................................................................................................1

1.4 Main Focused Areas for Energy Conservation ............................................................2

1.5 SWOT Analysis and SMART Goal Settings .................................................................4

1.5.1 The Balanced Score Card Approach ...........................................................................5

1.6 Outcome and Way Forward .........................................................................................5

2. ENERGY CONSERVATION AT SUPPLY SIDE ..........................................................7

2.1 Conservation of Energy during Power Generation (Hydro or Fossil Fuels based) ......7

2.2 Conservation of Energy at Fossil Fuels Production Sites and Oil Refineries ............12

3. ENERGY CONSERVATION DURING POWER TRANSMISSION AND TRANSPORTATION ..................................................................................................15

3.1 Electricity Transmission .............................................................................................15

3.2 Fossil Fuels Transportation and Distribution ..............................................................19

4. ENERGY CONSERVATION AT THE END-USE LEVEL ...........................................23

4.1 Conservation of Energy in Transport Sector ..............................................................23

4.2 Conservation of Energy in Household Sector ............................................................31

4.3 Conservation of Energy in Industrial Sector (Including Agriculture)...........................40

4.4 Conservation of Energy in Large Commercial and Service Sector............................48


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5. ENERGY CONSERVATION BY INTRODUCING ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF ENERGY ...........................................................................................55

5.1 Renewable Energy ....................................................................................................55

5.2 Bio-Fuels ....................................................................................................................59

6. LEGISLATIVE MEASURES AND CAPACITY BUILDING ........................................63

6.1 Introduction and Implementation of Legal Frameworks and Policies ........................63

6.2 Introduction and Implementation of Capacity Building Activities................................67

7. CONCLUSION ...........................................................................................................71

ANNEXURES

ANNEXURE I SEC FORMAT FOR COLLECTING INPUTS ...........................................75

ANNEXURE II FORMAT DEVELOPED BY THE BEE, INDIA TO EVALUATE EE PERFORMANCES IN ESTABLISHMENTS .............................................76

ANNEXURE III. REFERENCE LITERATURE ....................................................................77


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ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

AC Air conditioner/ Alternative Current

Bcum Billion Cubic Meters

BEE Bureau of Energy Efficiency, INDIA

BMS Building Management System

BSC Balanced Score Card

CDM Clean Development Mechanism

CFL Compact Fluorescent Lamp

CNG Compressed Natural Gas

DC Direct Current

DSM Demand Side Management

EA Energy Auditing/ Energy Auditor

EC Energy Conservation

EEBC Energy Efficiency Building Code

EEI Energy Efficiency Improvement

EEI&C Energy Efficiency Improvement & Conservation

EES Energy Efficiency Services

EM Energy Management/ Energy Manager

ENERCON National Energy Conservation Centre, Pakistan

ESCO Energy Services Company

ESDP Energy Services Delivery Project

GDP Gross Domestic Product

GHG Green House Gas

GWh Giga Watt-Hour

ICS Improved Cooking Stove


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IFL Incandescent Filament Lamp

kgOE Kilogram Oil Equivalent

Km Kilo Meter

kVA Kilo Volt-Ampere

kWh Kilo Watt-Hour

LED Light Emitting Diode

LNG Liquefied Natural Gas

Min Ministry of

M&V Monitoring & Verification

Mln Million

MRT Mass Rapid Transport

mT Million Tonne

mTOE Million Tonne of Oil Equivalent

N/A Not Available/ Not Applicable

OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

OTEC Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion

RE Renewable Energy

R&D Research & Development

SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation

SEA Sustainable Energy Authority, Sri Lanka

SEC SAARC Energy Centre

SMART Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, and Timely(in relation to Goals)

SWOT Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats

TV Television

VSD Variable Speed Drive


SAARC Energy Centre Page ix

INTRODUCTION TO THE ACTION PLAN

It is imperative to consider integrated aspects when Energy conservation is evaluated in the SAARC region. It should be done hand in hand with introduction of alternative fuels, new and alternative energy strategies, and necessary capacity buildings towards efficient use of energy. This approach will help to achieve energy conservation which is an integral part of energy security. Hence a total and comprehensive scenario analysis was undertaken in the development of the Action Plan. Understanding the importance of minimizing losses of this valuable commodity, i.e., Energy, wherever possible, an entire Supply Chain Management approach was employed, from the place of harnessing the energy to the end-user level. The Supply Chain Management approach that weigh-up the total path is very important.

If only supply chain management is considered, other factors that affect the use and production of Energy & Energy Resources might be overlooked. Accordingly introduction of necessary legislations, and building codes along with introduction of new and alternative fuels to the national energy mix has also been discussed. The analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) and SMART goal settings based on the analysis are the basic tool used in the development of the Action Plan. SWOT analysis helps to evaluate the present situation, and to identify measures that evidence futuristic approach to achieve EE & EC. Emphasis was given to manage the anticipated threats well in advance and address weaknesses to minimize possible impacts. The Strengths need to be enhanced along with Opportunities to gain the momentum.

Any good action plan should set out time bound targets with well defined milestones and an evaluation strategy; without which the Action Plan losses its value. It is in this context that time bound targets and evaluation mile stones have been incorporated in the SAARC Action Plan on Energy Conservation. The executing agency should be in a position to evaluate the progress of the implementation of the Action Plan on a continuous basis to identify the reasons for non-adherence to the plans, and also to take remedial actions. For the evaluation purpose, it is proposed to employ Balanced Score Card (BSC) mechanism that pin-points the issues. As the BSC is needed to be prepared according to the Member State specific requirements, it is not appropriate to develop a sample of BSC for proposed actions. Nevertheless, a draft of BSC has been developed for the action “Analyse whether there is room for use of wasted-heat for any valuable applications” in Goal “Energy Conservation at Source: Power Generation (Fossil fuel based)”. This is given in Annexure III. This may be used to develop other BSCs where applicable.

However, due to national situations the Member States may alter BSCs or consider this action plan as base to develop their own action plan, if need arises. As the Action Plan is developed to suit most of the Member States, there would definitely be targets and areas that are not relevant or applicable to some of Member States. The Member States may adopt this action plan to suit ground realities and change targets accordingly. In this dynamic plan there may be rooms for further improvements based on different levels of Member State initiatives and plans for energy conservation.


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Inputs received from Member States (India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) are gratefully acknowledged. Editorial support of Dr Muhamed Pervaz, Programme Leader (Technology Transfer) at the SEC, and Mr. Arshad M. Sheikh (Former Deputy Director, SEC) were immense to the Researcher. Peer review done by Dr Arshad Mohammed Khan (Executive Director, Global Climate Change Impact Study Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan), and Dr. P. N. Fernando (Former Manager, Energy Division (East), Asian Development Bank, Manila) has been invaluable.

The development of this Action Plan has been materialized thanks to the direction, support, guidance and advice of Mr. Hilal A. Raza, Director SAARC Energy Centre.

Dr Saman FernandoResearch Fellow, Renewable Energy and Energy EfficiencySAARC Energy CentreIslamabad(e mail: [email protected])


SAARC Energy Centre Page 1

SITUATION ANALYSISChapter 1

1.1 Preamble

The Sixteenth SAARC Summit held in Thimphu, 28-29 April 2010, placed utmost importance on energy especially the energy conservation in the region. The Silver Jubilee Declaration “Towards a Green and Happy South Asia” in Para 32 states: “The Leaders agreed that an Action Plan on Energy Conservation would be prepared by the SAARC Energy Centre (SEC), Islamabad with inputs from the Member States and submitted to the inter-governmental mechanism for consideration. They called for the creation of a web portal on Energy Conservation for exchange of information and sharing of best practices among SAARC Member States.”

The SEC prepared the format for collecting inputs from the Member States, and it was circulated to the Member States through the SAARC Secretariat. The SEC acknowledges Governments of India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka for responding positively. Further, the SAARC Energy Centre incorporated inputs of the study on implementation of the SAARC Road Map for Energy Efficiency and Energy Conservation (EE&EC) conducted by the SEC. The preparation of this Action Plan was facilitated by the information collected by the SEC through web searches and knowledge and experience of the Researcher.

1.2 Background Information

The brief energy scenario of the Member States was analyzed to understand the energy consumption and supply pattern in the Region. The consumption pattern in the Member States varies depending on population size, climatic conditions, living habits, status of development of the industry and so on. Most of the Member States except Maldives are blessed with cheap hydropower, while some have fossil fuel resources. Nuclear power is used to generate electricity only in two Member States. Despite large renewable sources; wind and solar have yet to be exploited by the Member States in a significant manner, so as to reflect their presence in a big way in their energy mix. , Besides, it is essential to mention that about one half of the total energy requirements of the entire Region are met by biomass.

1.3 Action Plan Development Mechanism

1.3.1 Methodology

Data were collected and information gathered about the Energy production, transportation, and consumption along with information on other parameters that affect Energy Conservation in the region. Analysis of collected Data led us to identify five key areas which have direct impact on Energy Conservation. Therefore, The Action Plan for Energy Conservation in the SAARC Region seeks conservation of energy by exploring the identified five different levels:(i)


Page 2 SAARC Energy Centre

production level, (ii) transportation level, (iii) end-use level, (iv) introducing Renewable (home grown resources) or Alternatives to the national grid, and (v) by introducing necessary legislations and initiating required capacity building pertaining to EC.

In the identified five areas, key stakeholders have been identified to address the Energy Conservation issues. Areas such as marine transport, use of animal power, and utilization of nuclear power were not taken in to account due to their specific nature. However, the identified key areas are not common for all the Member States as these depend on geography, development status and social aspects of Member States.

Energy consumption and Energy resources data with information on Transmission losses was evaluated to assess the current situation. Further, information on Policy related issues that might have an impact on Energy Conservation were also considered.

The Action Plan noted that planned gas pipelines such as Iran-Pakistan-India and Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India will bring natural gas from vast gas fields of Iran and Central Asia to the SAARC Region. There is a possibility that the projects will be extended to cover Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal and Sri Lanka too. Further, Myanmar is exploringits gas fields and has good gas reserves. In that case, a gas pipeline connecting Myanmar and Bangladesh will also be possible. The earlier mentioned two pipelines are expected to be in operation by 2017. However, energy conservation will remain a very important aspect in all the SAARC Member States to achieve sustainable development.

In each of identified areas that may have impact on energy conservation, a SWOT Analysis was conducted to identify the current status. Based on the SWOT analysis SMART Goals were set for the sectors to achieve. These SMART Goals have led to define evaluation milestones for each of sub-activity that contributes to the overall energy conservation. Evaluation mile stones may be further expanded to have a detailed investigation of successes and failures. The Balanced Score Card (BSC) mechanism is recommended to be utilized to analyze the failures.

1.4 Main Focused Areas for Energy Conservation

In order to achieve Energy Conservation at the maximum possible level it is prudent to investigate the entire supply chain of Energy; i.e., being supplied, being lost, and being consumed. Furthermore, it is imperative to assess non-technical approaches also that help to conserve energy. In this context a comprehensive approach for Energy Conservation is proposed.



Table I: Identification of Sector-wise Potential Contributors to Energy Conservation

Main focused area for Energy Key Players in identified area Conservation1. Energy Production Level a) Power Generation (Hydro or Fossil fuel based)

b) Fossil fuel mining sites

2. Energy Transportation Level a) Electricity transmission

b) Fossil fuel transportation

3. Energy End-use Level a) Transport sector

b) Household sector

c) Industry sector (including Agriculture)

d) Large Commercial and Service sector

4. Introduction of Renewable and a) Renewable Energy Alternative Energy Resources

b) Bio-Fuels

5. Introduction of Legislations and a) Introduction and Implementation of Capacity Building enabling Legal frameworks

b) Introduction and Implementation of Capacity building activities

Initially the energy consumption pattern and the energy supply pattern were identified in the region. The supply was categorized as Biomass, Electricity, Fossil Fuels and Others. The consumers were categorized as Household, Industry (inclusive of Agriculture), Transport, and Large Commercial and Service Sector. Attempts were made to assess what type of energy is being used for a particular activity. This was done so as to obtain a comprehensive picture about the room available for energy conservation. A SWOT analysis was performed on the identified key players with a view to embark on Energy Conservation. The “identified Key stakeholders” in the “Main focus areas for Energy Conservation” were evaluated by introducing sub-sections to examine the feasibility of introducing Energy Conservation approach. Then, based on the SWOT analysis, Action Plans were developed for the same.

The following are the five Main focus areas for Energy Conservation:

1. Energy Harnessing (mining) or Generation

2. Transmission and Transportation

3. End-use level

4. Introduction of Alternative Energy (Renewable +)

5. Introduction of Legislations and Capacity Building.



By studying these areas and their sub-sections, it became possible to understand the energy conservation potential and make recommendations for overall improvement of aggregate energy conservation.

1.5 SWOT Analysis and SMART Goal Settings

Before embarking on development of Action Plan, it is essential to make an environmental scanning (or situation analysis) of Main focus areas and their corresponding Key players which make an impact on the Main focus areas. The environmental scanning led to a vital element; namely the SWOT analysis. The SWOT analysis scans Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. In this analysis, Strengths and Weaknesses are internal factors while Opportunities and Threats have both internal and external components. The SWOT analysis was developed in 1960s at the Stanford University Mainly for Business Entities. Later it has spread in many more areas where the initial planning was vital for the process. In the present case the SWOT analysis was focused on the Key players that have impact on the identified Main focus areas. An in-depth analysis was done on the Key players’ Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats in relation to energy conservation. A careful exposition of the findings of the SWOT analysis helped in setting the Goals and formulating the Action Plan for achieving the targets.

Proper attention was paid to set SMART goals due to the uneven stage of development amongst the Member States. The Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, and Timely goals were set up with an option to adopt and change them depending on the Member State’s development level.

Strengths (Positive attributes to succeed)

Availability of Resources Level and support enjoyed Tacit Knowledge Funds available Established system

Weaknesses (Factors within that hamper the progress)

Lack of expertise Inadequate funding Lack of skills or technology Poor infrastructure Negative attitude

Opportunities (Potential that we can realize to maximum)

Potential for growth Changing life style in SAARC Region Encouraging perception from people in the Region



Threats (Factors beyond control that might affect the proposed change)

Need to identify them to have contingency plan Examples: price increase for commodities; Economic downturns; negative lobbying

by NGOs or Media; WTO regulations

The SMART goal settings were focused on further strengthening the Strengths, addressing the identified Weaknesses, capitalizing on Opportunities, and possible elimination of Threats. An attempt was made to give a cap in goal setting to suit all the Member States. Following the goal settings an action plan is proposed to achieve the goals, hence achieving energy conservation.

Beside the SWOT analysis findings, all other available information was considered when quantifying the Goals.

1.5.1 The Balanced Score Card Approach

Evaluation of progress is proposed to be carried out by identifying milestones while using simplified version of the Balanced Score Card (BSC) approach as it will highlight the success as well as illustrate the negative impacts that caused delays. The SEC has not developed specific BSCs for all the elements of the Action Plan. They can be developed by Member States taking into account country-specific attributes. However, a sample BSC is developed for the activity of “whether there is room for use of wasted-heat for any valuable applications” under “Energy Conservation at Source.

1.6 Outcome and Way Forward

During the development of the Action Plan we have examined all the possible ways to conserve the Energy in Direct and Indirect ways. In addition to that, we have considered the ways to achieve Energy Security of the region as we feel it as a vital component in the current context. As entire Energy supply chain management was considered in this exercise, we did not separate Energy conservation and Energy Security. The implementation of Energy Conservation Plan will make significant contributions towards achieving Energy Security in South Asia.

It is expected that after adopting the proposed actions, the Member States will continue in the same path beyond 2021 to achieve energy conservation as well as energy security in a sustainable manner.



ENERGY CONSERVATION AT SUPPLY SIDE (FOSSIL FUELS PRODUCTION AND POWER GENERATION)

Chapter 2

Historically no adequate attention was paid to conserve the energy at the source of mining or power generation as all the conservation activities were focused towards the end-users. Nevertheless, conservation of energy at the source is very much important. It is estimated that out of 100 units of energy from mined coal at a mining site, only 2 units of energy is delivered as an output for lighting when incandescent bulbs are used at the end-use level. That forces us to consider options for conservation (waste eradication) at sites. Hydro power stations are running at almost 97% efficiency. If additional 1% increase in efficiency is achieved, it will bring huge impact, considering the share of Hydro power in national energy mix.

2.1 Conservation of Energy during Power Generation (Hydro or Fossil Fuels based)

The power stations are designed to generate power at their maximum efficient level such as about 97% for hydro and about 34% for thermal. Technological development leading to increase of efficiency has stagnated and very few options are available. However, proper housekeeping and adoption of some innovative ideas may yield increase of overall efficiency of power generation thus helping to generate more power for the same input.

A SWOT analysis was done to evaluate possible options for increase of efficiency with respect to fossil fuel based power generation and hydro power generation.

Strengths Member States’ Leadership commitment on EE & EC Government ownership of power stations (in most cases -easy to make orders) Environmental lobby Policies towards energy security

Weaknesses High cost of new technologies Lack of motivation as payback period is high in certain cases Inadequately availability of expertise

Opportunities Possibility of CDM claim Possibility of cost cutting Possible technology break-through development Potential for Fuel Saving

Threats Discovery of a new fuel type or discoveries of vast deposits of fossil fuels, which

may lead to drop in the fuel prices, thus energy conservation may lose focus Accelerated development rate in the region may result in forgoing energy

conservation



Goal Setting

Recent studies in technologically advanced countries have shown that there is a potential to increase the overall efficiency of existing coal based thermal power plants to the level 32.5% to 35.8% and even work is going on to increase the overall efficiency up to 45%. Whereas Gas turbine have shown the overall efficiency increase potential up to 60.75%.

These studies have been carried out in more technically advanced countries where power plants may already run at the design efficiencies, i.e., 26%-28%. However, in the SAARC Region the plants normally do not run at even designed efficiencies due to various reasons. The SWOT analysis indicates that there is a room for improvements. These studies also point out that simple and proper housekeeping may also help to increase the efficiency. Considering the prevailing economic situation in the region, non-availability of state of the art technologies, and inadequate knowledge base in our region against new technological developments that are taken place in more technological advanced countries, it is proposed to set a moderate target to increase the overall efficiency of existing fossil fuel fired power plants by minimum 2%. Individual Member States may embark on activities that may eventually overshadow the achievements of the advanced nations of the world.

GOAL: To increase overall efficiency of the existing fossil fuel based Power Plants minimum by 2% by the Year 2021.

As the Hydro Power Plants already operates at more than 90% efficiency there seems to be little scope for improvement. However, continuous research and development is needed to be supported in hydro power as well.

The following Action Plan with its components and time frame was defined to achieve the set Goal:



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ear 1

)

iv)

Und

erta

ke a

nd c

ompl

ete

Pla

nt M

odifi

catio

n fe

asib

ility

Stu

dy (Y

ear 2

), C

ompl

ete

tech

no-

econ

omic

stu

dy (Y

ear 3

), Im

plem

ent (

Year

3)

v)

Con

tinue

with

new

tech

nolo

gy a

nd

anal

yze

the

resu

lts a

nnua

lly fo

r fur

ther

im

prov

emen

ts (Y

ear 3

- Yea

r 9)

b)

Ana

lyze

whe

ther

pro

per h

ouse

keep

ing

is in

pla

ce

Hou

se k

eepi

ng

Cle

anin

g bo

iler t

ubes

; app

ly

Year

1-Y

ear 3

M

in P

ower

U

tility

/Min

pr

oper

sea

ling;

Tur

bine

bla

de

Pow

er

clea

ning

; exp

lore

pos

sibi

litie

s

of in

trodu

ctio

n of

VS

Ds;

If fe

asib

le, i

ncor

pora

te in

Ye

ar 3

-Yea

r 9

Min

Pow

er

Util

ity/M

in

rout

ine

mai

nten

ance

P

ower

c)

Expl

ore

poss

ibili

ty o

f ado

ptin

g C

oal G

as F

iring

in p

lace

of D

irect

Coa

l Bur

ning

for S

team

Gen

erat

ion

Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

Sc

hedu

led

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Ta

rget

F

undi

ng

Ado

ptio

n of

Coa

l U

nder

take

feas

ibili

ty s

tudy

Ye

ar 1

-Yea

r3

Min

Pow

er

Util

ity

Gas

Firi

ng

Do

it on

a la

b. s

cale

Ye

ar 3

-Yea

r 5

Min

Pow

er

Util

ity

Exp

lore

pos

sibi

litie

s of

app

lyin

g Ye

ar 6

-Yea

r 9

Min

Pow

er

Util

ity

in P

ower

Sta

tions



d)

Expl

ore

poss

ibili

ty o

f ado

ptin

g Su

per C

ritic

al L

ive

Stre

am in

Coa

l Bas

ed P

lant

s

Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

Sc

hedu

led

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Ta

rget

F

undi

ng

Und

erta

ke fe

asib

ility

stu

dy

Year

1-Y

ear3

M

in P

ower

U

tility

Do

it on

a la

b. s

cale

Ye

ar 3

-Yea

r 5

Min

Pow

er

Util

ity

Exp

lore

pos

sibi

litie

s of

app

lyin

g Ye

ar 6

-Yea

r 9

Min

Pow

er

Util

ity

in P

ower

Sta

tions

e)

Intr

oduc

tion

of C

ombi

ned

Cyc

les

to G

as b

ased

Pow

er P

lant

s

Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

S

ched

uled

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Targ

et

Fun

ding

Und

erta

ke fe

asib

ility

stu

dy

Year

1-Y

ear3

M

in P

ower

U

tility

Do

it on

a la

b. s

cale

Ye

ar 3

-Yea

r 5

Min

Pow

er

Util

ity

Exp

lore

pos

sibi

litie

s of

app

lyin

g Ye

ar 6

-Yea

r 9

Min

Pow

er

Util

ity

in P

ower

Sta

tions

Eval

uatio

n M

ilest

ones

, (lis

ted

in th

e

pare

nthe

sis

is th

e Ye

ar th

at is

targ

eted

to

com

plet

e a

part

icul

ar a

ctiv

ity)

i) S

tudy

and

mea

sure

Pow

er P

lant

des

ign

para

met

ers

and

curr

ent o

pera

ting

para

met

ers

(Yea

r 1),

Iden

tify

disp

ariti

es if

th

ere

are

any

and

reas

ons

(Yea

r 1)

ii)

Com

plet

e U

nder

take

n la

bora

tory

sca

le

expe

rimen

tal s

tudy

(Yea

r 2) o

r see

k te

chno

logy

tran

sfer

from

an

adva

nced

C

ount

ryiii

) U

nder

take

feas

ibili

ty s

tudy

in in

trodu

cing

no

vel m

etho

dolo

gy (Y

ear 2

), co

nduc

t te

chno

-eco

nom

ic a

naly

sis

(Yea

r 3),

Impl

emen

t (Ye

ar 4

)iv

) C

ontin

ue w

ith n

ew te

chno

logy

and

an

alyz

e th

e re

sults

ann

ually

for f

urth

er

impr

ovem

ents

(Yea

r 3-Y

ear 9

)

Ado

ptio

n of

Sup

er

Crit

ical

Liv

e st

ream

in

Coa

l Pow

er P

lant

s

Eva

luat

ion

Mile

ston

es

(list

ed in

the

pare

nthe

sis

is th

e Ye

ar th

at is

ta

rget

ed to

com

plet

e a

parti

cula

r act

ivity

)

i) S

tudy

and

mea

sure

Pow

er P

lant

des

ign

para

met

ers

and

curr

ent o

pera

ting

para

met

ers

(Yea

r 1),

Iden

tify

disp

ariti

es if

th

ere

are

any

and

reas

ons

(Yea

r 1)

ii)

Und

erta

ke fe

asib

ility

stu

dy in

intro

duci

ng

nove

l met

hodo

logy

(Yea

r 2),

cond

uct

tech

no-e

cono

mic

ana

lysi

s (Y

ear 3

), Im

plem

ent (

Year

4)

iii)

If no

t suc

ceed

see

k as

sist

ance

from

ad

vanc

ed c

ount

ry in

the

regi

on o

r SE

Civ

) C

ontin

ue w

ith n

ew te

chno

logy

and

an

alyz

e th

e re

sults

ann

ually

for f

urth

er

impr

ovem

ents

(Yea

r 3- Y

ear 9

)

Com

bine

Cyc

le

intro

duct

ion



2.2 Conservation of Energy at Fossil Fuels Production Sites and Oil Refineries

Taking measures to minimize waste is very important whether it is a Coal mine, Gas or Oil well, or an Oil refinery. The Member States may still be exploiting outdated technologies in Coal mining or in tapping Oil and Gas. There is a chance that some of the Oil refineries and Oil and Gas wells just flare excess gas due to absence of any value added application. Hot steam injection and CO2 injection in to the oil wells to tap oil second and third time may or may not be taking place in our region. Due to lack of valid data, a Generalized SWOT is proposed.

The SWOT analysis was done to introduce fuel conservation at Fossil fuel mining sites and Oil refineries

Strengths

Member States’ Leadership commitment In most cases ownership is with the Government (easy to implement orders) Environmental lobby Low intensive technology

Weaknesses

High cost of new technologies Payback period is high for certain new technologies Lack of awareness on new technologies

Opportunities

Possibility of cost cutting Help to secure energy independence New job opportunities

Threats

Discovery of a new fuel type or discoveries of vast deposits of fossil fuels may lead to drop in the fuel prices, thus conservation may not be very attractive and/or cheap option.

Goal Setting

The SWOT analysis has shown that there are avenues for energy conservation and efficiency improvement at the mining sites but very little at the refineries. However, the literature indicates that there are limited possibilities even at the refineries. Considering all the above, a Goal was set to reduce waste in, both, mining and refineries.

Goal: To reduce the waste in Fossil fuels mining and in Oil refineries by 25% of the present level by the Year 2021, while other affecting factors remain as of now.

The following Action Plan has been developed to achieve the set Goal:



Act

ion

Plan

for E

nerg

y C

onse

rvat

ion

at S

ourc

e: F

ossi

l Fue

l Min

ing

Site

s

GO

AL:

To

redu

ce th

e w

aste

in F

ossi

l fue

l min

ing

by 2

5% (o

f the

pre

sent

leve

l pro

vide

d ot

her c

ompo

nent

s re

mai

n sa

me)

by

the

Year

202

1.

Prop

osed

Act

ion

Plan

to A

chie

ve th

e Se

t Goa

l A

ntic

ipat

ed

(T

houg

h th

ere

are

man

y op

tions

to im

prov

e th

e ov

eral

l pro

duct

ivity

of m

inin

g at

this

C

ontr

ibut

ion

stag

e w

e ar

e co

nsid

erin

g on

ly w

aste

min

imiz

atio

n)

to E

ffici

ency

Impr

ovem

ent

by

(%)

a)

Min

imiz

e th

e cu

rren

t was

tage

s

75

b)

Exp

lore

new

min

ing

tech

niqu

es w

ith M

inim

um w

aste

and

em

ploy

them

25

Tim

e fr

ame

for I

mpl

emen

tatio

n:Ye

ar 1

= 20

13 ;

Year

2 =

201

4; Y

ear 3

= 2

015;

Yea

r 4 =

201

6; Y

ear 5

= 2

017;

Yea

r 6 =

201

8; Y

ear 7

= 2

019;

Yea

r 8 =

202

0; Y

ear 9

= 2

021

a)

Min

imiz

e th

e cu

rren

t was

tes

Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

S

ched

uled

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Targ

et

Fun

ding

Cal

cula

te th

e w

aste

s Ye

ar 1

-Yea

r 2

Min

Min

ing,

M

in M

inin

g

Pet

role

um

Com

pute

the

was

tage

s

Year

3 M

in M

inin

g,

Min

Min

ing

perc

enta

ge re

lativ

e to

Pet

role

um

prod

uctio

n

Take

mea

sure

s to

min

imiz

e

Year

4

Min

Min

ing,

M

in M

inin

g

w

aste

s in

min

ing

field

s

Pet

role

um

Com

pone

nt W

eigh

tage

Maj

or s

avin

gs c

an b

e ac

hiev

ed

thro

ugh

the

depl

oym

ent o

f lat

est

tech

nolo

gies

in O

il an

d G

as s

ecto

r. H

owev

er, t

he d

evel

opm

ent o

r ac

quiri

ng o

f the

sam

e co

uld

be c

ostly

.

Eva

luat

ion

Mile

ston

es

(list

ed in

the

pare

nthe

sis

is th

e Ye

ar th

at is

ta

rget

ed to

com

plet

e a

parti

cula

r act

ivity

)

i) U

nder

take

a s

ite s

urve

y to

mea

sure

the

was

tage

s (Y

ear 1

)

ii)

Iden

tify

met

hods

to m

inim

ize

it (Y

ear 2

)

iii)

Che

ck w

ith in

tern

atio

nal s

tand

ards

iv)

benc

hmar

king

for c

ompa

rison

(Yea

r 2)

v)

Und

erta

ke te

chno

-eco

nom

ic fe

asib

ility

st

udy

(Yea

r 3)

vi)

Impl

emen

t the

find

ings

(Yea

r 4)

Min

imiz

ing

over

all

was

te in

the

curr

ent

min

ing

prac

tices



b)

Expl

ore

new

min

ing

tech

niqu

es

Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

S

ched

uled

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Targ

et

Fund

ing

New

tech

niqu

es

Sea

rch

for n

ew m

inin

g an

d

Year

1

Min

. Min

ing,

M

in M

inin

g

pr

oduc

tion

tech

niqu

es th

at a

re

P

etro

leum

al

read

y de

velo

ped

Und

erta

ke fe

asib

ility

to a

dopt

th

ose

tech

niqu

es

Year

1-Y

ear 3

M

in M

inin

g M

in M

inin

g

Ado

pt th

em

Year

4

Min

Min

ing

Min

Min

ing

Em

ploy

R&

D d

epar

tmen

ts to

Ye

ar 1

-Yea

r 9

Min

Min

ing,

in

vest

igat

e ne

w m

inin

g

P

etro

leum

M

in M

inin

g

te

chni

ques

so

that

was

tage

is

min

imiz

ed

Eva

luat

ion

Mile

ston

es, (

liste

d in

the

pare

nthe

sis

is th

e Ye

ar th

at is

targ

eted

to c

ompl

ete

a pa

rticu

lar a

ctiv

ity)

i) U

nder

take

a s

tudy

on

empl

oyed

min

ing

tech

niqu

es fo

r sav

ing

was

tage

s (Y

ear 1

)

ii)

Iden

tify

met

hods

to im

prov

e (Y

ear 2

)

iii)

Und

erta

ke b

ench

mar

king

stu

dy fo

r ind

ustry

be

st p

ract

ices

(Yea

r 3)

iv)

Und

erta

ke te

chno

-eco

nom

ic a

naly

sis

in

adop

ting

new

min

ing

tech

niqu

es (Y

ear 4

)

v)

Impl

emen

t (Ye

ar 4

)

vi)

Con

tinue

with

new

met

hodo

logi

es a

nd

impr

ove

it (Y

ear 5

- Yea

r 9)



ENERGY CONSERVATION DURING POWER TRANSMISSION AND TRANSPORTATIONChapter 3

Any form of energy whether fossil fuel or electricity has to be brought to the point of use. The delivery path has its losses, some of which are unavoidable but steps could be taken to minimize them. Whether electricity is transmitted using overhead lines or fossil fuel is transported by pipelines, trucks or railways; minimization of losses needs to be given due importance. In this Action Plan Electricity distribution losses such as theft, are not considered due to their specific nature and need to be eliminated through requisite administrative and legal mechanisms.

3.1 Electricity Transmission

Electricity that is normally generated between 11 kV and 33 kV by Generator sets cannot be efficiently transmitted to long distances. As such stepping-up transformers are used at the power stations to increase the voltage in the range 132 kV to 400 kV generally in the SAARC region, except for India which is having A/C transmissions systems at 765kV, and major DC systems as well. The high voltage overhead lines (usually double circuit on pylons or towers) connect the generating stations with the grid substations where stepping-down of the voltage takes place in order to make the electricity usable in most of the equipment. In the technically advanced countries average technical losses in the transmission of electricity are around 5%.

A SWOT analysis was conducted to examine the current situation and for exploring the possibilities for promoting energy efficiency of transmission lines.

Strengths

High cost of new technologies Government owned transmission lines (easy to address changes) Political leadership Good knowledge base in the region Availability of reliable Data

Weaknesses

Lack of funds for major changes/augmentation of systems Lack of new skills and technology in some of the Member Countries, but available

in the region High stake of System stability of the power system on Economy

Opportunities

Potential for heavy savings Possible technology break-through Potential for new knowledge development



Threats

Any decrease of fossil fuels prices may hamper the efforts. Problems in Technology Transfer

Goal Setting

The SWOT analysis indicates more difficulties than possibilities. Considering all available information about the potential of energy savings during power transmission and the SWOT findings, it is proposed that steps be taken to reduce transmission losses by 1/5th of the existing levels by the Year 2021.

Goal: To reduce technical losses in power transmission by 1/5th in comparison with today’s relative losses by the Year 2021

The following Action Plan has been developed to accomplish the Goal:



Act

ion

Plan

for E

nerg

y C

onse

rvat

ion

durin

g Tr

ansm

issi

on a

nd T

rans

port

atio

n: E

lect

ricity

Tra

nsm

issi

on

GO

AL:

Red

uctio

n of

Pow

er tr

ansm

issi

on lo

sses

by

1/5t

h fro

m e

xist

ing

rela

tive

loss

es (p

rovi

ded

othe

r fac

tors

rem

ain

sam

e) b

ythe

Yea

r 202

1

Pr

opos

ed A

ctio

n Pl

an to

Ach

ieve

the

Set G

oal

Ant

icip

ated

(It is

und

erst

ood

that

her

e w

e ar

e co

nsid

erin

g on

ly te

chni

cal l

osse

s)

Con

trib

utio

n

to E

ffici

ency

Im

prov

emen

t

by

(%)

a)

Ass

es th

e cu

rren

t pow

er lo

sses

in T

rans

mis

sion

line

s, ta

ke re

med

ial s

teps

to re

duce

it

20

b)

Exp

lore

ste

ppin

g-up

of V

olta

ge, w

here

pos

sibl

e, to

redu

ce th

e lo

sses

30

c)

In n

ew c

onst

ruct

ions

, pay

due

atte

ntio

n to

Con

duct

or c

apac

ity in

crea

se, H

igh

Volta

ge a

nd

N

ew G

ener

atio

n of

Tra

nsfo

rmer

s 50

Tim

e fr

ame

for I

mpl

emen

tatio

n:Ye

ar 1

= 20

13 ;

Year

2 =

201

4; Y

ear 3

= 2

015;

Yea

r 4 =

201

6; Y

ear 5

= 2

017;

Yea

r 6 =

201

8; Y

ear 7

= 2

019;

Yea

r 8 =

202

0; Y

ear 9

= 2

021

a)

Ass

es th

e cu

rren

t pow

er lo

sses

in tr

ansm

issi

on li

nes

Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

Sc

hedu

led

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Targ

et

Fund

ing

Line

loss

es

Ass

ess

line

loss

es

Year

1

Min

Pow

er

Min

Pow

er

Eva

luat

e th

e lo

sses

aga

inst

Ye

ar 1

M

in P

ower

M

in P

ower

in

tern

atio

nal n

orm

s

Take

act

ions

to re

duce

line

Ye

ar 3

M

in P

ower

M

in P

ower

lo

sses

C

ompo

nent

Wei

ghta

ge

Furth

er m

inim

izin

g of

line

loss

es

from

cur

rent

5%

-6 %

is v

ery

diffi

cult

task

as

the

loss

es m

ainl

y de

pend

s on

resi

stan

ce o

f the

con

duct

or.

Maj

or c

ontri

buto

r to

the

expe

cted

re

duct

ion

wou

ld b

e fro

m n

ew li

nes

cons

truct

ion

and

intro

duct

ion

of

step

ping

-up

trans

form

ers

whe

re

appl

icab

le. H

owev

er, n

ot o

verlo

adin

g th

e ex

istin

g co

nduc

tors

will

hav

e to

be

mai

ntai

ned.

Eval

uatio

n M

ilest

ones

(li

sted

in th

e pa

rent

hesi

s is

the

Year

that

is

targ

eted

to c

ompl

ete

a pa

rtic

ular

act

ivity

)

i) S

tudy

the

line

ratin

g lo

sses

(Yea

r 1)

ii)

Mea

sure

act

ual l

osse

s (Y

ear 1

)iii

) Id

entif

y th

e ca

use

for e

xces

sive

loss

es

(Yea

r 2)

iv)

Che

ck in

tern

atio

nal b

ench

mar

king

(Yea

r 2)

v)

Pro

pose

rem

edia

l mea

sure

s (Y

ear 2

)vi

) Im

plem

ent (

Year

3)



b)

Expl

ore

step

ping

-up

of T

rans

mitt

ing

Volta

ge, w

here

pos

sibl

e, to

redu

ce th

e lo

sses

Volta

ge S

tep-

up

Eva

luat

e th

e ne

ed a

nd

Year

1-Y

ear 3

M

embe

r Sta

te/

Util

ity

tech

nica

l fea

sibi

lity

M

in P

ower

Cal

cula

te C

ost-e

cono

mic

s Ye

ar 3

M

in P

ower

U

tility

Mak

e a

prop

osal

and

Ye

ar 4

M

in P

ower

U

tility

Im

plem

ent

C)

In n

ew c

onst

ruct

ions

pay

due

atte

ntio

n to

Con

duct

or c

apac

ity in

crea

se, H

igh

Volta

ge a

nd N

ew G

ener

atio

n of

Tra

nsfo

rmer

s

Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

Sc

hedu

led

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Targ

et

Fund

ing

Cal

cula

te C

ost-e

cono

mic

s Ye

ar 1

-Yea

r 3

Min

Pow

er

Min

Pow

er

Con

side

r the

abo

ve w

ith n

ew

Year

4

Mem

ber S

tate

/ M

in P

ower

ge

nera

tion

of T

rans

form

ers

etc.

Min

Pow

er

Eva

luat

e th

e fe

asib

ility

Ye

ar 4

M

in P

ower

M

in P

ower

Mak

e a

prop

osal

and

try

to

Year

4-Y

ear 9

M

in P

ower

M

in P

ower

im

plem

ent

i) Th

e lin

e lo

ad is

mea

sure

d to

det

erm

ine

loss

es (Y

ear 1

)

ii)

Loss

es a

re c

ompa

red

with

inte

rnat

iona

l be

nchm

arks

(Yea

r 1)

iii)

If lo

sses

are

wel

l abo

ve th

e be

nchm

arke

d lo

sses

, exp

lore

tech

nica

l fea

sibi

lity

of S

tep-

ping

up

the

Volta

ge (W

heth

er e

xist

ing

Tow

-er

s, C

ondu

ctor

s an

d ot

her E

q co

uld

supp

ort

Aug

men

tatio

n) (Y

ear 1

)

iv)

Und

erta

ke te

chno

-eco

nom

ic e

valu

atio

n (Y

ear 2

/ Yea

r 3)

v)

Impl

emen

t (Ye

ar 4

)

Eval

uatio

n M

ilest

ones

(li

sted

in th

e pa

rent

hesi

s is

the

Year

that

is

targ

eted

to c

ompl

ete

a pa

rtic

ular

act

ivity

)

i) U

nder

take

stu

dies

on

new

gen

erat

ion

of

Tran

sfor

mer

s w

here

Cu-

loss

es a

re fu

rther

m

inim

ized

(Yea

r 1)

ii)

Car

ry-o

ut te

chni

cal f

easi

bilit

y st

udy

of in

tro-

duci

ng th

em to

the

syst

em (Y

ear 1

)

iii)

Und

erta

ke a

tech

no-e

cono

mic

eva

luat

ion

of

the

prop

osed

idea

(Yea

r 2)

iv)

Impl

emen

t (Ye

ar 4

- Yea

r 9)

Intro

duct

ion

of

New

Gen

erat

ion

of

Tran

sfor

mer

s, e

tc.



3.2 Fossil Fuels Transportation and Distribution

Coal is transported to the end user from mine by railways or road transport. Oil is initially transported to the refineries either through pipelines or in containers, and from there it is transported to the end user in containers. Gas is also taken to the end user mostly through pipelines but also in containers in liquid form (LPG). Though the issue has not been addressed adequately, losses do exist in transportation and distribution of fossil fuels. As the stakes are high, it is essential to explore the possibilities for reducing the losses.

A SWOT analysis was undertaken to assess the situation.

Strengths High stakes involved facilitates promotion of energy conservation Policy making level support may be enjoyed Easy to calculate losses Mainly government controlled fleet (easy to enforce)

Weaknesses Poor funding situation Lack of expertise in gas pipelines Mainly government controlled fleet (lack of incentives for affecting savings)

Opportunities Huge potential for savings Immediate cash recovery Modest level technology requirement

Threats Sudden drop of fossil fuels price may cause a negative impact Accelerated economic growth in Member States may force to forgo conservation Shifting to a new fuel will threaten conservation

Goal Setting

The SWOT analysis indicates the possibilities of getting support from the concerned authorities but funding is not expected. Considering the importance of the sector being assessed and all available information about the potential of energy savings in this sector, it is proposed to reduce energy losses in fossil fuels transportation and distribution by a half. Accordingly a Goal is set.

Goal: To reduce Energy losses incurred during fossil fuels transportation and distribution by a half from today’s losses by the Year 2021 for the same amount transported while other affecting factors remaining unchanged.

The following Action Plan has been developed to accomplish the set Goal:



Act

ion

Plan

for E

nerg

y C

onse

rvat

ion

durin

g Tr

ansm

issi

on a

nd T

rans

port

atio

n: F

ossi

l Fue

l Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

GO

AL:

Red

uctio

n of

Fos

sil f

uels

tran

spor

tatio

n an

d di

strib

utio

n lo

sses

by

a ha

lf by

the

Year

202

1 fo

r the

sam

e am

ount

tran

spor

ted

whi

le o

ther

affe

ctin

g fa

ctor

s re

mai

ning

unc

hang

ed

Pr

opos

ed A

ctio

n Pl

an to

ach

ieve

the

Goa

l A

ntic

ipat

ed

Con

trib

utio

n

to E

ffici

ency

Im

prov

emen

t

by

(%)

a)

Ass

es c

urre

nt lo

sses

in fo

ssil

fuel

s tra

nspo

rtatio

n In

tang

ible

im

pact

b)

Iden

tify

way

s to

min

imiz

e lo

sses

and

Impl

emen

t 50

c)

Ado

pt n

ew te

chno

logi

es to

min

imiz

e lo

sses

50

Tim

e fr

ame

for I

mpl

emen

tatio

n:Ye

ar 1

= 20

13 ;

Year

2 =

201

4; Y

ear 3

= 2

015;

Yea

r 4 =

201

6; Y

ear 5

= 2

017;

Yea

r 6 =

201

8; Y

ear 7

= 2

019;

Yea

r 8 =

202

0; Y

ear 9

= 2

021

a)

Ass

es th

e cu

rren

t los

ses

in F

ossi

l fue

ls tr

ansp

orta

tion

Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

Sc

hedu

led

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Targ

et

Fun

ding

Eva

luat

ion

of lo

sses

Id

entif

y m

eans

of t

rans

port

that

Ye

ar 1

-Yea

r 2

Min

Pet

role

um

Min

Pet

role

um

deliv

er fu

el to

the

end

user

ac

cord

ing

to th

e ca

paci

ty

(Pip

elin

e, R

ail,

Truc

k, o

ther

)

Loss

es a

re m

easu

red

to

Year

2- Y

ear 3

M

in P

etro

leum

M

in P

etro

leum

de

term

ine

the

prop

ortio

n

agai

nst m

eans

of t

he tr

ansp

ort

C

ompo

nent

Wei

ghta

ge

Eval

uatio

n M

ilest

ones

(li

sted

in th

e pa

rent

hesi

s is

the

Year

that

is

targ

eted

to c

ompl

ete

a pa

rtic

ular

act

ivity

)

v)

Ana

lyze

the

trans

porta

tion

of fu

el fr

om th

e po

int o

f min

ing

to e

nd u

ser o

r fro

m th

e po

int

of d

eliv

ery

to th

e co

untry

to e

nd u

ser

(Yea

r 2)

vi)

Iden

tify

the

maj

or c

ontri

butin

g m

eans

of

trans

port

that

incu

r hig

her l

osse

s (Y

ear 2

)

Iden

tify

way

s to

min

imiz

e lo

sses

an

d as

sess

men

t of c

urre

nt lo

sses

is

the

key

to im

prov

e th

e fo

ssil

fuel

tra

nspo

rtatio

n. N

ew te

chno

logi

es

alw

ays

redu

ce lo

sses

how

ever

it

depe

nds

on th

e C

ost.



b)

Iden

tify

way

s to

min

imiz

e lo

sses

occ

urre

d in

foss

il fu

el tr

ansp

orta

tion

and

Impl

emen

t rem

edia

l act

ions

Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

Sc

hedu

led

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Targ

et

Fun

ding

How

to m

inim

ize

D

evel

op m

odel

s to

iden

tify

Year

3

Min

Pet

role

um/

Min

Pet

role

um/

loss

es

caus

es fo

r los

ses

S

cien

ce &

S

cien

ce &

Te

chno

logy

Te

chno

logy

Iden

tify

caus

es fo

r los

ses

Year

1-Y

ear 3

M

in P

etro

leum

M

in P

etro

leum

Und

erta

ke T

echn

olog

y W

atch

Ye

ar 3

M

in P

etro

leum

M

in P

etro

leum

/

to

det

erm

ine

Glo

bal r

emed

ial

Sci

ence

and

m

easu

res

Te

chno

logy

Cal

cula

te C

ost-e

cono

mic

s an

d Ye

ar 4

- Yea

r 9

Min

Pet

role

um

Min

Pet

role

um

Impl

emen

t if f

easi

ble

c)

Ado

pt n

ew te

chno

logi

es to

min

imiz

e lo

sses

Und

erta

ke T

echn

olog

y W

atch

Ye

ar 1

-Yea

r 3

Min

Pet

role

um

Min

Pet

role

um

Eva

luat

e ne

w te

chno

logi

es

Year

4

Min

Pet

role

um

Min

Pet

role

um

Und

erta

ke te

chno

-eco

nom

ic

eval

uatio

n Ye

ar 4

M

in P

etro

leum

M

in P

etro

leum

If fe

asib

le C

onsi

der i

ntro

duct

ion

Year

4

Min

Pet

role

um

Min

Pet

role

um

Eval

uatio

n M

ilest

ones

(li

sted

in th

e pa

rent

hesi

s is

the

Year

that

is

targ

eted

to c

ompl

ete

a pa

rtic

ular

act

ivity

)

i) Id

entif

y th

e ca

uses

for l

osse

s (Y

ear 3

)

ii)

Scr

een

glob

al b

est p

ract

ices

to re

duce

lo

sses

(Yea

r 3)

iii)

Eva

luat

e re

med

ial m

easu

res

for t

echn

o-co

st e

ffect

iven

ess

(Yea

r 4)

iv)

impl

emen

t mea

sure

s(Ye

ar 4

- Yea

r 9)

i) Lo

sses

are

gra

ded

acco

rdin

g to

mea

n of

th

e tra

nspo

rt (Y

ear 1

)

ii)

Und

erta

ke T

echn

olog

y W

atch

to d

eter

min

e ne

w m

etho

dolo

gies

dev

elop

ed (Y

ear 2

)

iii)

Take

Cos

t ben

efit a

naly

sis

of n

ew

tech

nolo

gies

with

com

paris

on to

the

amou

nt

of lo

sses

(Yea

r 3)

iv)

App

ly a

ppro

pria

te n

ew te

chno

logi

es

(Yea

r 4)

Impl

emen

tatio

n of

ne

w te

chno

logi

es



ENERGY CONSERVATION AT THE END-USE LEVELChapter 4

Energy consumption data of the Member States were analyzed to explore the possibility of Energy Conservation at the end-use level. For that purpose, four categories of energy end-users have been identified, which are Transport sector, Household sector, Industry sector (including Agriculture), and Large Commercial & Service sector. Contribution by Agriculture harvesting combines has been taken as negligible. These sectors were identified in order to have a common platform for all the SAARC Member States.

4.1 Conservation of Energy in Transport Sector

The Transport sector in the SAARC region is dominated by motorized road transport followed by railways. Contribution of river / marine based transport is minimal in comparison with the other two. Poor road conditions and over worn vehicular fleet lead to more energy consumption and heavy pollution. Recent reports indicate that in OECD countries the transport sector contributes 27% to their total CO2 emissions. Considering the poor vehicle fleet that are on the roads in the SAARC region and the current development stage of the SAARC countries, it is understood that the CO2 emissions from road transport sector in the SAARC countries will definitely be more than 27% of their total emissions. Therefore, Conservation of Energy in the road transport sector will have a substantial impact on the overall fuel consumption of these countries as well as reduction of their GHG emissions. The number of private vehicles per unit of population is very low compared to that in the developed countries, while the public transport systems are widely used in the SAARC Region. Development of Bio-fuels for use in transport sector is still in the R&D stage. Once achieved, it will be beneficial at least for a fraction of the vehicular fleet.

The SWOT analysis for conserving energy in the Transport sector has been very helpful in formulating the Action Plan for this sector.

Strengths

Commitment of the Member States’ leadership

Fewer numbers of private vehicles per unit of population in comparison with the developed world

Easy to train workmanship

Well distributed road network in the Member States

Growth of income facilitates shifting to more fuel economical modes of transport (from private motor bicycles to cars; from old, inefficient vehicles to new, more efficient vehicles)

Cost effectiveness is visible



Weaknesses

Vehicular engines and locomotives are made outside the SAARC Region, so no chance for influencing their design

Lack of expertise to increase efficiency of the engines and locomotives Railway transport is not evenly developed among Member States Poor public transport schemes force people to use inefficient private means of

transportation Inadequate funding for development of Mass Rapid Transport schemes Highly urbanized economies attract traffic and people to cities

Opportunities

Huge potential of users for more efficient vehicular engines, if developed A good potential of users for more efficient public transport system Potential for induction of Solar powered/ Battery powered motor vehicles in the

region with the maturing of thee technologies.

Threats

Un-announced sudden change of policies in the Member States will have adverse impacts

If the fuel prices fall drastically then no one will be interested in energy conservation Improved income of the people leads to purchase of private and more comfortable

means of transport instead of using public transport services

Goal Setting

The SWOT analysis indicates that there is ample room to conserve energy in the Transport sector. Various studies suggest that the SAARC Member Studies can reduce the consumption of energy to meet their transport demand by a quarter, if the issue is properly addressed. However, poor funding and inadequate deployment of sophisticated technologies can reduce it to a moderate targets. Thus, an appropriate specific target would be to reduce the fuel consumption in the Transport sector by10% from the current consumption level and achieve it by the Year 2021. This is attainable considering the strengths we do posses and realistic with the possible technology development and awareness creation. So the timely target is to conserve Energy use in the Transport sector so that by 2021 fossil fuel requirement is reduced by 10% for a unit of commodity transported (Ex: per passenger km or per ton of goods transported per km) in comparison to 2012 figures.

Goal: 10% reduction in Fuel used in Transport sector in SAARC Member States by 2021 for a unit of transported while other affecting factors remain as of today.

To accomplish the set goal, the following Action Plan is developed comprising various components:



Act

ion

Plan

for E

nerg

y C

onse

rvat

ion

at E

nd-U

se L

evel

: Tra

nspo

rt S

ecto

r

GO

AL:

To

impr

ove

Ene

rgy

Con

serv

atio

n in

the

Tran

spor

t sec

tor b

y 20

21 p

er p

asse

nger

-km

and

per

uni

t of t

on-k

m; s

o th

at p

er u

nit o

f pas

seng

er-k

m a

nd p

er to

n of

goo

d-km

tran

spor

ted,

foss

il fu

el c

onsu

mpt

ion

is re

duce

d by

10%

(in

com

paris

on w

ith 2

012

figur

es).

Prop

osed

Act

ion

Plan

to A

chie

ve th

e se

t Goa

l A

ntic

ipat

ed

C

ontr

ibut

ion

to E

nerg

y

C

onse

rvat

ion

by (%

)

a)

Intro

duct

ion

of M

ass

Rap

id T

rans

port

sche

mes

in la

rge

citie

s 5

b)

Enc

oura

ge s

hifti

ng to

mor

e fu

el e

ffici

ent m

eans

of t

rans

port

by p

rovi

ding

app

ropr

iate

ince

ntiv

es

(e

.g. b

ring

in y

our f

uel i

neffi

cien

t car

and

giv

e in

cent

ives

in th

e sh

ape

of ta

x br

eaks

for p

urch

asin

g

a

new

fuel

effi

cien

t veh

icle

s)

20

c)

Enc

oura

ge u

se o

f Bic

ycle

s fo

r sho

rt di

stan

ces

(so

that

peo

ple

trave

l les

s by

Car

s)

30

d)

Und

erta

ke R

oad

netw

ork

deve

lopm

ents

15

e)

Enc

oura

ge d

evel

opm

ent o

f Bio

-fuel

s fo

r Tra

nspo

rt In

tang

ible

impa

ct

f) U

nder

take

Rai

lway

net

wor

k de

velo

pmen

ts

30

Tim

e fr

ame

for I

mpl

emen

tatio

n:Ye

ar 1

= 20

13 ;

Year

2 =

201

4; Y

ear 3

= 2

015;

Yea

r 4 =

201

6; Y

ear 5

= 2

017;

Yea

r 6 =

201

8; Y

ear 7

= 2

019;

Yea

r 8 =

202

0; Y

ear 9

= 2

021

a)

Intr

oduc

tion

of M

ass

Rap

id T

rans

port

sch

emes

for l

arge

citi

es

Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

Sc

hedu

led

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Targ

et

Fun

ding

Iden

tify

mai

n ju

nctio

ns/ s

ubur

bs

Year

1

Loca

l Aut

ho

Tran

spor

t

in

out

er c

ity li

mits

M

inis

try

(list

ed in

the

pa

rent

hesi

s is

the

Ye

ar th

at is

ta

rget

ed to

co

mpl

ete

a

parti

cula

r act

ivity

)

Und

erta

ke s

urve

y of

Ye

ar 3

Lo

cal A

utho

rity

Tran

spor

t

co

mm

uter

s pa

ssin

g th

ose

M

inis

try

poin

ts in

the

peak

hou

rs

Com

pone

nt W

eigh

tage

Com

pone

nt W

eigh

tage

i) U

nder

take

sur

vey

to id

entif

y ke

y po

ints

at

the

city

ent

ry p

oint

s an

d m

ain

subu

rbs

ii)

whe

re p

asse

nger

s di

sem

bark

from

Bus

ses/

R

ail f

or fu

rther

trav

ellin

g (Y

ear 1

)iii

) E

xpan

d th

e su

rvey

to id

entif

y m

ain

attra

ctio

ns/ f

requ

ent v

isiti

ng p

lace

s (Y

ear 3

)

Ene

rgy

cons

erva

tion

in th

e Tr

ansp

ort s

ecto

r may

be

achi

eved

by

mor

e E

ffici

ent w

ays

of u

tiliz

atio

n of

tran

spor

t or u

se o

f Alte

rnat

ive

met

hod

of tr

ansp

orta

tion.

In

SA

AR

C C

ount

ries

we

will

hav

e to

pa

y m

ore

atte

ntio

n to

enc

oura

ge

to u

se B

icyc

les,

and

to u

nder

take

de

velo

pmen

t of R

ail n

etw

ork

Iden

tifyi

ng c

ity li

mits

M

RT

star

ting

poin

ts.



Mak

e re

com

men

datio

ns fo

r Ye

ar 2

Lo

cal A

utho

rity

Tran

spor

t

M

RT

poin

ts

Min

istry

Hire

loca

l ins

titut

ion

or s

ecur

e

Year

2

Mem

ber S

tate

Tr

ansp

ort

assi

stan

ce fo

r pre

para

tion

of

Min

istry

M

RT

feas

ibili

ty s

tudy

Intro

duct

ion

of Z

onal

ent

ry ta

x Ye

ar 3

M

embe

r Sta

te

Tran

spor

t

sy

stem

with

in th

e ci

ty li

mits

M

inis

try

If R

ail b

ased

MR

T is

feas

ible

, Ye

ar 4

-Yea

r 6

Mem

ber S

tate

Fi

nanc

e

ei

ther

sec

ure

own

fund

ing

or

or

Len

ding

M

inis

try/

arra

nge

BO

O/ B

OO

T

O

rgan

izat

ion

Tran

spor

t

m

echa

nism

to s

ecur

e th

e

Min

istry

op

erat

ion

Neg

otia

tions

, hiri

ng c

onsu

ltant

s,

Year

4

Mem

ber S

tate

Tr

ansp

ort

EIA

, pro

ject

fina

lizin

g

M

inis

try

Sta

rt co

nstru

ctio

n of

MR

Ts o

r Ye

ar 2

(Bus

)-

Loca

l Aut

horit

y/

Fina

nce,

S

tart

Bus

ser

vice

Ye

ar 5

M

embe

r Sta

te

Min

istry

/

(con

stru

ctio

n

Tr

ansp

ort

of

MR

Ts)

M

inis

try/

E

nviro

nmen

t

Min

istry

Intro

duct

ion

of M

RTs

Ye

ar 9

M

embe

r Sta

te

Tran

spor

t

or

Len

ding

M

inis

try/

Org

aniz

atio

n E

nviro

nmen

t

Min

istry

Intro

duce

legi

slat

ions

Ye

ar1

Mem

ber S

tate

/ M

embe

r Sta

te/

SE

C

Tran

spor

t

Min

istry

/

AG

Offi

ce

Em

pow

er lo

cal a

utho

ritie

s fo

r Ye

ar 2

* M

embe

r Sta

te

Loca

l Aut

horit

y/

tax

colle

ctio

n

E

nviro

nmen

t

Min

istry

Impl

emen

t Ye

ar 2

-Yea

r 5*

Loca

l Aut

horit

y Lo

cal A

utho

rity

*a

fter a

rran

ging

that

If a

ltern

ativ

e tra

nspo

rts a

re p

rovi

ded

with

i) H

iring

Con

sulta

nts

(Yea

r 1)

ii)

Feas

ibili

ty S

tudy

(Yea

r 2)

iii)

Bid

ding

for B

OO

/ BO

OT

(Yea

r 3)

iv)

Neg

otia

tion

and

Awar

d of

the

Con

tract

s (Y

ear 4

)

i) B

ased

on

initi

al s

urve

ys a

nd re

ports

, co

nsul

tant

s ar

e hi

red

to p

repa

re fu

ndin

g pr

opos

als

and

othe

r rep

orts

(EIA

, et

c) (Y

ear

3)

ii)

Sec

ure

fund

ing,

sig

n co

ntra

cts

(Yea

r 6)

iii)

Sta

rt co

nstru

ctio

n (Y

ear 7

)

iv)

Exp

and

faci

litie

s ba

sed

on s

ucce

ss (Y

ear 9

)

i) In

trodu

ctio

n of

Poi

nt to

Poi

nt B

usse

s at

Id

entifi

ed lo

catio

ns (Y

ear 2

)

ii)

Eva

luat

ion

(Yea

r 3)

iii)

Intro

duct

ion

of T

ax S

yste

m in

the

Res

trict

ed

Are

a (Y

ear 4

)

Intro

duct

ion

of

MR

T (T

ube

train

s or

“poi

nt-to

-poi

nt”

Luxu

ry/ N

orm

al

Bus

ses)

Impl

emen

t the

Zon

al

taxe

s sc

hem

e fo

r pr

ivat

e ve

hicl

es

Und

erta

ke fe

asib

ility

st

udie

s an

d se

cure

fu

ndin

g



b)

Enco

urag

e sh

iftin

g to

mor

e fu

el e

ffici

ent m

eans

of t

rans

port

by

prov

idin

g ap

prop

riate

ince

ntiv

es

Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

Sc

hedu

led

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Targ

et

Fun

ding

Ass

ess

exis

ting

law

s Ye

ar 1

M

embe

r Sta

te

Dra

ft ne

w le

gisl

atio

ns if

the

Ye

ar 2

M

embe

r Sta

te/

Tran

spor

t

ex

istin

g la

ws

are

not a

dequ

ate

S

EC

Min

istry

/

(L

eadi

ng C

ount

ries

in th

e

AG

Offi

ce

regi

on m

ay h

elp.

)

Enf

orce

the

Law

s

Year

5

Mem

ber S

tate

M

embe

r Sta

te/

Tran

spor

t Min

istry

/ AG

Offi

ce

c)

Enco

urag

e co

mm

uter

s to

get

off

from

car

s an

d us

e pe

ddle

d bi

cycl

es

Und

erta

ke a

feas

ibili

ty s

tudy

Ye

ar 1

Lo

cal A

utho

rity

Mem

ber S

tate

/

Tran

spor

t

Min

istry

/

Loca

l Aut

horit

y

If fe

asib

le, s

ecur

e fu

ndin

g Ye

ar 2

Lo

cal A

utho

rity

Mem

ber S

tate

/

Tran

spor

t

Min

istry

/

Loca

l Aut

horit

y

Bui

ld C

yclin

g pa

ths

Year

4

Loca

l Aut

horit

y Lo

cal A

utho

rity

Eval

uatio

n M

ilest

ones

(li

sted

in th

e pa

rent

hesi

s is

the

Year

that

is

targ

eted

to c

ompl

ete

a pa

rtic

ular

act

ivity

)

i) S

tudy

the

exis

ting

trans

port

law

s (Y

ear 1

)

ii)

Und

erta

ke D

rafti

ng n

ew la

ws

to b

ridge

the

gaps

(Yea

r 3)

iii)

Und

erta

ke O

pini

on v

iew

(Yea

r 4)

iv)

Get

the

law

app

rove

d (Y

ear 5

)

i) Aw

ard

the

feas

ibili

ty s

tudy

to lo

cal

Uni

vers

ity (Y

ear 1

)

ii)

Eva

luat

e th

e re

sults

(Yea

r 3)

iii)

Mar

k C

ycle

lane

s on

the

Roa

ds o

r Bui

ld

sepa

rate

ly (Y

ear 3

)

iv)

Eva

luat

e fo

r effe

ctiv

enes

s (Y

ear 4

)

Mak

e ro

ads

safe

r fo

r Cyc

lists

and

P

edes

trian

s(e.

g.

build

cyc

ling

path

s)

Intro

duct

ion

of la

ws

to re

gula

te fu

el

inef

ficie

nt v

ehic

les



Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

Sc

hedu

led

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Targ

et

Fun

ding

Stu

dy th

e w

ays

thro

ugh

whi

ch

Year

1

Mem

ber S

tate

D

esig

nate

d

im

prov

emen

ts m

ay b

e ac

hiev

ed

SA

AR

C

La

bora

tory

Awar

d R

&D

Pro

gram

me

Year

2

Mem

ber S

tate

/ M

embe

r Sta

te

SD

F/ S

EC

Sca

le-u

p th

e R

&D

Res

ults

Ye

ar 3

-Yea

r 5

Mem

ber S

tate

/ M

embe

r Sta

te

SD

F

Req

uest

Med

ia In

stitu

tions

’ Ye

ar 3

M

embe

r Sta

te

Mem

ber S

tate

/

su

ppor

t

M

ass

Med

ia

M

inis

try

Invi

te M

edia

to c

over

the

Ye

ar 3

-Yea

r 8

Mem

ber S

tate

M

embe

r Sta

te/

Eve

nts

Mas

s M

edia

Min

istry

d)

Und

erta

ke ro

ad n

etw

ork

deve

lopm

ents

Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

Sc

hedu

led

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Targ

et

Fun

ding

Und

erta

ke a

sur

vey

usin

g

Year

1- Y

ear 2

M

embe

r Sta

te/

Mem

ber S

tate

/

ac

tual

dat

a

Len

ding

Tr

ansp

ort

Org

aniz

atio

n M

inis

try

Map

hea

vily

con

gest

ed ro

ads

Ye

ar 3

Tr

ansp

ort

Tran

spor

t

M

inis

try/ S

urve

y M

inis

try

Min

istry

Und

erta

ke ro

ad e

xpan

sion

s or

Ye

ar 4

M

embe

r Sta

te/

Mem

ber S

tate

/

de

velo

p al

tern

ativ

e ro

ads

Le

ndin

g

Tran

spor

t

O

rgan

izat

ion

Min

istry

Eval

uatio

n M

ilest

ones

(li

sted

in th

e pa

rent

hesi

s is

the

Year

that

is

targ

eted

to c

ompl

ete

a pa

rtic

ular

act

ivity

)

i) H

ire c

onsu

ltant

to s

tudy

feas

ibili

ty (Y

ear 1

)ii)

H

ire c

onsu

ltant

for T

oR p

repa

ratio

n (Y

ear 2

)iii

) C

all f

or c

ompe

titiv

e R

&D

pro

ject

s (Y

ear 2

)iv

) Aw

ard

Aut

o-R

icks

haw

Mod

ifica

tion

gran

ts

(Yea

r 2)

v)

Obt

ain

rese

arch

resu

lts (Y

ear 5

)vi

) E

valu

ate

resu

lts (Y

ear 5

)vi

i) S

tart

mas

s pr

oduc

tion

base

d on

sca

ling-

up

(Yea

r 6)

viii)

Re-

visi

t the

R&

D fo

r fur

ther

impr

ovem

ent

(Yea

r 9)

i) A

rran

ge a

wid

e M

edia

Cam

paig

n (Y

ear 1

)

ii)

Mak

e M

edia

as

partn

ers

for t

his

Pro

gram

me

(Yea

r 2)

iii)

Arr

ange

Ann

ual G

ala

Med

ia E

vent

to c

over

th

is a

ctiv

ity (Y

ear 2

- Yea

r 8)

i) Aw

ard

the

stud

y to

a lo

cal U

nive

rsity

(Y

ear 1

)

ii)

Eva

luat

e th

e R

epor

t (Ye

ar 2

)

iii)

Am

end

the

repo

rt an

d pu

blis

h it

(Yea

r 3)

iv)

Mak

e re

com

men

datio

ns to

impr

ove

the

cond

ition

s (Y

ear 4

)

Eval

uatio

n M

ilest

ones

(li

sted

in th

e pa

rent

hesi

s is

the

Year

that

is

targ

eted

to c

ompl

ete

a pa

rtic

ular

act

ivity

)

Arr

ange

nec

essa

ry

publ

icity

Iden

tify

heav

ily u

sed

road

s

Dev

elop

mor

e ef

ficie

nt B

icyc

le

Ric

ksha

ws



e)

Enco

urag

e de

velo

pmen

t of B

io-fu

els

for t

rans

port

Und

erta

ke s

tock

taki

ng o

f all

Ye

ar 1

-Yea

r 2

Min

istry

of

Mem

ber S

tate

/

m

anuf

actu

ring

plan

ts

P

etro

leum

M

inis

try o

f

Agr

icul

ture

,

Fore

stry

Ass

ess

seas

onal

var

iatio

ns o

f Ye

ar 1

-Yea

r 2

Min

istry

of

Min

istry

of

prod

uctio

n

Agr

icul

ture

/ A

gric

ultu

re

Pet

role

um

Stu

dy d

istri

butio

n ne

twor

ks

Year

2 –

Year

3

Min

istry

of

Min

istry

of

Pet

role

um

Pet

role

um

Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

Sc

hedu

led

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Targ

et

Fund

ing

Intro

duce

var

ious

tax

bene

fits

Ye

ar 1

M

embe

r Sta

te

Mem

ber S

tate

an

d ot

her b

enefi

ts fo

r Bio

-fuel

s

pr

oduc

tion

Iden

tify

purc

hasi

ng p

rice

Ye

ar 3

M

embe

r Sta

te/

Mem

ber S

tate

(w

ith u

pper

and

low

er li

mits

in

M

inis

try o

f

re

latio

n to

Oil

pric

es)

P

etro

leum

Take

nec

essa

ry s

teps

to e

nsur

e Ye

ar 3

-Yea

r 4

Mem

ber S

tate

/ M

embe

r Sta

te/

prop

er d

istri

butio

n ne

twor

k or

Min

istry

of

Min

istry

of

Ble

ndin

g w

ith G

asol

ine.

Pet

role

um

Pet

role

um

Pro

posa

ls fo

r Car

bon

Trad

ing

Ye

ar 4

N

atio

nal N

odal

M

inis

try o

f

P

oint

E

nviro

nmen

t

i) U

nder

take

a N

atio

nwid

e st

ock

taki

ng o

f cu

rren

t Bio

-Fue

l Pro

duct

ion

and

Inst

itutio

nal

Cap

acity

(Yea

r 1)

ii)

Und

erta

ke a

feas

ibili

ty s

tudy

of p

rodu

ctio

n w

ith s

easo

nal v

aria

tions

(Yea

r 2)

iii)

Stu

dy c

urre

nt a

nd fe

asib

le e

nd u

sers

(Yea

r 3)

iv)

Stu

dy a

vaila

ble

and

feas

ible

Dis

tribu

tion

netw

orks

(Yea

r 3)

i) In

trodu

ce le

gisl

atio

ns to

sup

port

Bio

-Fue

ls

prog

ram

me

with

gua

rant

eed

min

imal

pu

rcha

sing

pric

e de

pend

on

the

Cos

t and

th

e te

chni

calit

y of

the

prod

uctio

n (Y

ear 3

)

ii)

Em

bark

on

aggr

essi

ve c

ampa

ign

for

prom

otio

n (Y

ear 4

)

iii)

See

k le

gisl

ativ

e su

ppor

t to

intro

duce

m

anda

tory

ble

ndin

g (Y

ear 4

)

iv)

Exp

lore

pos

sibi

lity

on C

arbo

n tra

ding

(Y

ear 4

)

Und

erta

ke B

io-

fuel

pro

mot

ion

prog

ram

mes

Ass

ess

the

feas

ibili

ty

Eval

uatio

n M

ilest

ones

(li

sted

in th

e pa

rent

hesi

s is

the

Year

that

is

targ

eted

to c

ompl

ete

a pa

rtic

ular

act

ivity

)



f) U

nder

take

railw

ay n

etw

ork

deve

lopm

ents

Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

Sc

hedu

led

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Targ

et

Fun

ding

If ra

ilway

is in

exi

sten

ce,

Year

1

Min

Tra

nspo

rt M

in T

rans

port

iden

tify

the

lines

that

are

ov

ercr

owde

d

Und

erta

ke fe

asib

ility

stu

dy o

n

Year

1-Y

ear3

M

in T

rans

port

Min

Tra

nspo

rt

im

prov

ing

the

spee

d (w

here

ne

eded

by

elec

trify

ing

too)

Sec

ure

fund

ing

Year

3

Mem

ber S

tate

M

embe

r Sta

te

Impl

emen

t Inc

reas

e of

Spe

ed

Year

5

Mem

ber S

tate

M

embe

r Sta

te

If ra

ilway

is n

ot in

exi

sten

ce,

Year

1-Y

ear 4

M

embe

r Sta

te/

Mem

ber S

tate

un

derta

ke fe

asib

ility

stu

dy to

Lend

ing

have

maj

or e

cono

mic

and

Org

aniz

atio

n

po

litic

al h

ubs

conn

ecte

d by

ra

ilway

net

wor

k

Invi

te in

vest

ors

to in

vest

in

Year

5

Mem

ber S

tate

M

embe

r Sta

te

BO

O/ B

OO

T sc

hem

es

i) In

itiat

e a

stud

y (Y

ear 1

)

ii)

Pub

lish

the

Stu

dy R

epor

t (Ye

ar 3

)

iii)

Cal

l for

exp

ress

ion

of In

tere

st in

M

odifi

catio

n (Y

ear 3

)

iv)

Und

erta

ke s

tudi

es to

incr

ease

exi

stin

g ra

il sp

eed

or b

uilt

new

(Yea

r 3)

v)

Pub

lish

the

repo

rt (Y

ear 4

)

vi)

Invi

te in

vest

ors

(Yea

r 5)

i) C

all f

or fe

asib

ility

stu

dy (Y

ear 2

)

ii)

Eva

luat

e pr

opos

als

(Yea

r 3)

iii)

Tapp

ing

fund

ing

mec

hani

sms

(Y

ear 3

- Yea

r 5)

iv)

Cal

l for

BO

O/ B

OO

T in

vest

men

ts (i

f the

re

are

no o

ther

way

s) (Y

ear 5

)

Cou

ntrie

s try

ing

to

intro

duce

Rai

lway

s

Und

erta

ke

railw

ay n

etw

ork

deve

lopm

ents

Eval

uatio

n M

ilest

ones

(li

sted

in th

e pa

rent

hesi

s is

the

Year

that

is

targ

eted

to c

ompl

ete

a pa

rtic

ular

act

ivity

)



4.2 Conservation of Energy in Household Sector

The Household sector consumes between 35-50 % of the total primary energy consumed by the Member States. The energy consumption in households includes lighting, cooking and thermal comfort. Electrification of households in the region varies from 20% to 90%. Predominantly biomass is used for meeting the energy needs for food preparation, followed by petroleum gas (liquefied and piped). To achieve thermal comfort in the households during the winter and summer season, gas burning heaters, air conditioners, or biomass burning stoves (Chullah) are being used. Electric heaters are also in use. As the sector’s consumes more than 1/3rd of the total primary energy, it is essential to give due importance to energy conservation.

The SWOT analysis was done to scan the environment and, based on that, the goals were set.

Strengths

Commitment of the Leadership of Member States on EE&EC Expertise/ knowledge available in the region Energy labeling programmes are in progress in the region Awareness creation activities are being undertaken Very aggressive campaigning for CFL Experience in promoting ICS and Fuel shifting ICS, including the Third Generation of ICS, are in exploitation Possibilities for benefiting from CDM

Weaknesses

Lack of enforcement power as the choice is with the consumer Insufficient funding for LED focused research Consumer behavior (e.g. not concerned/ no funds for replacements) affects the

results of campaign CFLs and LEDs are costlier than incandescent bulbs Use of CNG and LPG to achieve thermal comfort inside the houses in the winter

(inefficient approach) End-user behavior (reluctance to change) Lack of Intelligent (Socially accepted) approach in ICS promotion Inadequate funding for ICS promotion Centralized promotion of ICS has not worked Poor knowledge of the end-user behavior resulted in failures in ICS promotion Lack of support from community for ICS (pressure groups are lacking)

Opportunities

Tax on incandescent bulbs Develop LEDs as an industry-new jobs creation



Introduce natural light inside the houses (Solar tubes)-new jobs Fuel shifting for indoor thermal comfort during the winter season (from petroleum

gas to biomass based) Ever rising cost of fossil fuels Chance for a CDM claim (GHG reduction) Chance for an ICS technology breakthrough Reduce deforestation (in some areas) Climate change and loss of biodiversity Improved health conditions (reduction of health related expenses) when using ICS Collaborative work for regional experts Introduction of Environmental Ambassadors (promoting ICS to replace Gas plates) Sustainably grown forests (Afforestation) Room for co-generation activities (use of grassfire, excess power to grid, etc) for

small and medium scale industries

Threats

Increase of income may hamper energy conservation at the household level Consumer behavior (not concerned/ no funds for replacements) affects the results

of campaigns In relation to ICS, an increase of household income leads to fuel switching to Gas Rapid urbanization makes fossil fuels freely available (Gas, Furnace oil, Coal) Low cost for biomass (in some areas) may lead to a failure in energy conservation Rapid electrification in the Member States changes lifestyles of people as Media

plays a negative role (e.g. by offering cooking lessons using Gas plates on TV) Heavy international lobbying for Coal and Gas usage In industries, an increase in production (from limited to mass) leads to fuel switching

Goal Setting

The SWOT analysis indicates that there is a huge potential for energy conservation in this sector. Some surveys conducted in the region suggest that there is a possibility for conservation of up to 30% of energy in comparison with the current level. However, a moderate goal of 15% reduction by 2021 is set under the current economic conditions but the target could be increased at any time, if needed. Consequently an Action Plan was developed to achieve that goal through diverse stakeholders’ effort such as CFL promotion, ICS promotion, promotion of fuel switching, etc.

Goal: To reduce the Energy used by the Household sector by 15% by the Year 2021 considering that same level of comfort is maintained while other affecting factors remain as of 2012

To achieve the set Goal, the following Action Plan was developed involving several Components:



Act

ion

Plan

for E

nerg

y C

onse

rvat

ion

at E

nd-U

se: H

ouse

hold

Sec

tor

GO

AL:

To

redu

ce th

e E

nerg

y us

ed b

y th

e H

ouse

hold

sec

tor b

y 15

% b

y th

e Ye

ar 2

021

cons

ider

ing

that

sam

e le

vel o

f com

fort

is m

aint

aine

d w

hile

oth

er a

ffect

ing

fact

ors

rem

ain

as o

f 201

2

Pro

pose

d A

ctio

n P

lan

to A

chie

ve th

e se

t Goa

l A

ntic

ipat

ed

C

ontri

butio

n

to

Effi

cien

cy

Im

prov

emen

t

by (%

)

a)

Impo

se C

ES

S o

n in

cand

esce

nt b

ulbs

and

div

ert t

hat f

unds

to re

duce

the

cost

of C

FLs

and

LED

s 20

b)

Mak

e en

ergy

labe

ling

man

dato

ry fo

r hou

seho

ld a

pplia

nces

15

c)

Dis

cour

age

use

of A

Cs

in h

ot w

eath

er a

nd u

se o

f fos

sil f

uels

bas

ed h

eate

rs in

col

d w

eath

er

25

co

nditi

ons

(for i

nter

nal t

herm

al c

omfo

rt) a

nd e

ncou

rage

use

of S

olar

Bas

ed A

ir C

ondi

tione

rs a

nd

S

olar

Wat

er H

eate

rs

d)

See

k m

edia

invo

lvem

ent i

n en

ergy

con

serv

atio

n ca

mpa

igns

In

tang

ible

, but

hi

gh im

pact

e)

Intro

duce

Ene

rgy

cons

erva

tion

as a

uni

t / s

ubje

ct in

Jun

ior/

Upp

er s

choo

l cur

ricul

a In

tang

ible

, but

hi

gh im

pact

f) E

ncou

rage

use

of I

CS

for c

ooki

ng in

hou

seho

lds

and

disc

oura

ging

sw

itchi

ng to

Nat

ural

Gas

and

40

LPG

bas

ed s

tove

s

Tim

e fr

ame

for I

mpl

emen

tatio

n:Ye

ar 1

= 20

13 ;

Year

2 =

201

4; Y

ear 3

= 2

015;

Yea

r 4 =

201

6; Y

ear 5

= 2

017;

Yea

r 6 =

201

8; Y

ear 7

= 2

019;

Yea

r 8 =

202

0; Y

ear 9

= 2

021

Com

pone

nt W

eigh

tage

In th

e S

AA

RC

Reg

ion

tota

l ene

rgy

cons

umpt

ion

in fo

od p

repa

ratio

n is

rela

tivel

y hi

gh c

ompa

red

to

othe

r use

rs. M

ore

than

a 7

5% o

f ho

useh

old

in th

e re

gion

use

bio

-m

ass

base

d co

okin

g st

oves

.

Use

of E

nerg

y in

ach

ievi

ng in

tern

al

ther

mal

com

fort

lead

s to

exc

essi

ve

use

of F

uels

in th

e E

nerg

y M

ix.

This

regi

on c

ompr

isin

g of

dev

elop

ing

coun

tries

has

mor

e lo

ad fr

om

light

ing

in th

e E

lect

ricity

Loa

d C

urve

th

an fr

om o

ther

equ

ipm

ent.



a)

Impo

se C

ESS

on in

cand

esce

nt b

ulbs

and

div

ert t

hat f

unds

to re

duce

the

cost

of C

FLs

and

LED

s

Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

Sc

hedu

led

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Targ

et

Fun

ding

Stu

dy le

gal f

easi

bilit

y Ye

ar 1

M

in P

ower

M

in P

ower

If no

t in

plac

e, in

trodu

ce n

ew

Year

1-Y

ear 2

M

in P

ower

M

in P

ower

/

le

gal a

cts

A

G O

ffice

Initi

ate

an A

war

enes

s

Year

2- Y

ear 5

M

in P

ower

M

in P

ower

,

C

ampa

ign

Mas

s M

edia

Iden

tify

how

the

colle

cted

Ye

ar 2

M

in P

ower

M

in P

ower

,

C

ES

S is

cha

nnel

ed fo

r

Fi

nanc

e

pr

omot

ing

LED

use

Enf

orce

the

legi

slat

ions

for

Year

2

Min

Pow

er

Min

Pow

er,

CE

SS

Fi

nanc

e

Initi

ate

a m

echa

nism

for

Year

3

Min

Pow

er

Min

Pow

er,

supp

ortin

g th

e C

FL m

anuf

ac-

Mas

s M

edia

tu

res

Initi

ate

aggr

essi

ve c

ampa

ign

Ye

ar 2

M

in P

ower

M

embe

r Sta

te,

targ

etin

g th

e C

onsu

mer

s

M

in P

ower

Sur

vey

exis

ting

rele

vant

Ye

ar 1

M

in P

ower

, M

in P

ower

m

anuf

actu

ring

faci

litie

s

Indu

stry

Sup

port

pers

pect

ive

LED

Ye

ar 3

–Ye

ar9

Min

Pow

er,

Min

Pow

er

man

ufac

turin

g fa

cilit

ies

In

dust

ry,

Fina

nce

Eval

uatio

n M

ilest

ones

(li

sted

in th

e pa

rent

hesi

s is

the

Year

that

is

targ

eted

to c

ompl

ete

a pa

rtic

ular

act

ivity

)

Ass

ess

lega

l fe

asib

ility

Pre

pare

im

plem

enta

tion

mec

hani

sm

Exp

lore

LE

D

man

ufac

turin

g Fa

cilit

y

i) S

tudy

the

loca

l pro

duct

ion

and

impo

rt of

all

type

s of

lam

ps to

Com

pare

the

usag

e

(Yea

r 1)

ii)

Eva

luat

e ex

istin

g le

gal f

ram

e w

orks

for

feas

ibili

ty o

f ban

ning

inca

ndes

cent

lam

ps

and

also

mak

ing

man

dato

ry u

se o

f LE

D

lam

ps in

som

e pl

aces

(Yea

r 1)

iii)

Intro

duce

new

legi

slat

ions

(Yea

r 2)

iv)

Initi

ate

publ

ic a

war

enes

s ca

mpa

ign

(Yea

r 2-

Year

5)

i) C

ES

S p

erce

ntag

e an

d C

hann

elin

g m

echa

nism

iden

tified

(Yea

r 1)

ii)

Lega

lize

CE

SS

(Yea

r 2)

iii)

Initi

ate

PA c

ampa

ign

(Yea

r 2)

iv)

Sup

port

loca

l CFL

man

ufac

ture

rs

(Yea

r 3)

i) U

nder

take

a s

urve

y of

exi

stin

g lig

ht b

ulb

man

ufac

turin

g fa

cilit

ies

(Yea

r 1)

ii)

Und

erta

ke a

feas

ibili

ty s

tudy

of C

FL a

nd

LED

man

ufac

turin

g (Y

ear 2

)iii

) If

feas

ible

Cha

nnel

CE

SS

fund

s to

m

anuf

actu

ring

faci

litie

s (Y

ear 3

)iv

) E

valu

ate

the

prog

ress

of u

tiliz

atio

n of

CE

SS

fu

nds

by th

em (Y

ear 5

- Yea

r 9)



b)

Mak

e en

ergy

labe

ling

man

dato

ry fo

r hou

seho

ld a

pplia

nces

Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

Sc

hedu

led

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Targ

et

Fun

ding

Initi

ate

surv

eys

to id

entif

y

Year

1

Min

Pow

er

Min

Pow

er

hous

ehol

d eq

uipm

ent t

hat

cons

ume

mor

e el

ectri

city

Ass

ess

the

feas

ibili

ty o

f Ene

rgy

Ye

ar 2

M

in P

ower

, M

in P

ower

la

belin

g th

e id

entifi

ed e

quip

-

Com

mer

ce

men

t

Em

bark

on

Ene

rgy

labe

ling

Ye

ar 2

-Yea

r 3

Mem

ber S

tate

/ M

in P

ower

ac

tivity

for t

he s

elec

ted

Min

Pow

er

equi

pmen

t

Ass

ess

the

exis

ting

lega

l and

Ye

ar 1

M

in P

ower

M

in P

ower

/

re

gula

tory

fram

ewor

k fo

r

A

G o

ffice

en

forc

ing

the

Man

dato

ry

labe

ling

If ga

ps a

re fo

und

or th

ere

is n

o

Year

1

Mem

ber S

tate

/ M

in P

ower

/ AG

le

gisl

atio

n, ta

ke in

itiat

ive

to

M

in P

ower

/ SE

C

offic

e

dr

aft l

aws

(Lea

ding

Sta

tes

in

the

SA

AR

C R

egio

n m

ay h

elp.

)

Lega

lize

the

Act

Ye

ar 2

M

embe

r Sta

te

Mem

ber S

tate

Enf

orce

the

legi

slat

ions

Ye

ar 2

-Yea

r 3

Mem

ber S

tate

M

embe

r Sta

te

The

Mem

ber S

tate

s m

ay

Year

1

Mem

ber S

tate

M

embe

r Sta

te

eval

uate

ava

ilabl

e la

belin

g

prog

ram

mes

in th

e re

gion

for

adop

tion

Eval

uatio

n M

ilest

ones

(li

sted

in th

e pa

rent

hesi

s is

the

Year

that

is

targ

eted

to c

ompl

ete

a pa

rtic

ular

act

ivity

)

Iden

tify

com

mon

ly

used

hou

seho

ld

equi

pmen

t (e.

g. li

ght

bulb

s, re

frige

rato

rs,

fans

, A/C

s, g

as

wat

er h

eate

rs, e

tc.)

for m

akin

g la

belin

g m

anda

tory

Intro

duce

le

gisl

atio

ns

Har

mon

izat

ion

of la

belin

g of

ap

plia

nces

i) H

ouse

hold

com

mon

ly u

sed

equi

pmen

t su

rvey

ed (Y

ear 1

)

ii)

Iden

tify

grou

ps o

f equ

ipm

ent w

here

co

nsum

ptio

n va

ries

a lo

t (Ye

ar 2

)

iii)

Rep

licat

e E

nerg

y Li

belin

g th

at h

as ta

ken

plac

e in

oth

er m

embe

r cou

ntrie

s (Y

ear 2

)

iv)

Ene

rgy

labe

ling

prog

ram

me

intro

duce

d fo

r se

lect

ed a

reas

(Yea

r 3)

i) S

tudy

exi

stin

g le

gal f

ram

e w

orks

for E

nerg

y la

belin

g (Y

ear 2

)

ii)

If th

ere

are

any

gaps

in th

e ex

istin

g le

gisl

atio

ns o

r no

legi

slat

ions

exi

st,

intro

duce

lega

l fra

me

wor

ks (Y

ear 2

)

iii)

Impl

emen

t and

Mon

itor E

nerg

y La

belin

g pr

ogra

mm

e (Y

ear 3

)

i) Th

e M

S s

tudi

es E

nerg

y la

belin

g pr

ogra

mm

es in

oth

er M

embe

r Sta

tes

(Y

ear 1

)

ii)

Pro

gram

me

gaps

and

sim

ilarit

ies

iden

tified

(Y

ear 2

)

iii)

Dis

sem

inat

e th

e in

form

atio

n fo

r ado

ptio

n (Y

ear 2

)



c)

Dis

cour

age

use

of A

Cs

in h

ot w

eath

er a

nd u

se o

f fos

sil f

uels

bas

ed h

eate

rs in

col

d w

eath

er c

ondi

tions

(for

inte

rnal

ther

mal

com

fort)

and

enc

oura

ge u

se o

f

Sol

ar B

ased

Air

Con

ditio

ners

and

Sol

ar W

ater

Hea

ters

Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

Sc

hedu

led

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Targ

et

Fun

ding

Eng

age

Res

earc

h Te

ams

to

Year

1

Mem

ber S

tate

/ M

in H

ealth

id

entif

y in

door

air

pollu

tion

and

M

in H

ealth

its im

pact

on

hum

an h

ealth

w

hen

Gas

room

hea

ters

are

be

ing

used

Ana

lyze

the

rese

arch

resu

lts

Year

1-Y

ear 2

M

in H

ealth

M

in H

ealth

an

d pr

esen

t the

m g

ivin

g

prom

inen

ce to

the

impa

ct o

n

heal

th p

art

Intro

duce

sim

ple

hous

e

Year

2

Min

Pow

er

Min

Pow

er,

insu

latin

g te

chni

ques

as

wel

l as

Env

ironm

ent

low

cos

t air

cool

ing

syst

ems

(E

x: D

eser

t Coo

lers

)

Laun

ch A

war

enes

s ca

mpa

igns

/ Ye

ar 3

M

in H

ealth

M

in P

ower

M

edia

app

eals

Iden

tify

dem

and

incr

ease

Ye

ar 1

M

in P

ower

, M

in P

ower

pa

ttern

s fo

r Gas

and

Ele

ctric

ity

P

etro

leum

Con

side

r int

rodu

cing

Ye

ar 2

-Yea

r4

Mem

ber S

tate

s M

embe

r Sta

tes

diffe

rent

iate

d ta

riffs

for G

as

and

Ele

ctric

ity

(afte

r int

rodu

cing

insu

latin

g

tech

niqu

es)

Eval

uatio

n M

ilest

ones

(li

sted

in th

e pa

rent

hesi

s is

the

Year

that

is

targ

eted

to c

ompl

ete

a pa

rtic

ular

act

ivity

)

Hea

lth h

azar

d aw

aren

ess

crea

tion

(Gas

bas

ed ro

om

heat

ers)

Intro

duct

ion

of

incr

emen

tal t

ariff

for

elec

trici

ty a

nd g

as

i) R

esea

rch

task

and

TO

R id

entifi

ed (Y

ear 1

)

ii)

Res

earc

h is

aw

arde

d (Y

ear 1

)

iii)

Res

earc

h re

sults

are

ana

lyze

d an

d pu

blis

hed

(Yea

r 3)

iv)

PA c

ampa

ign

star

ted

(Yea

r 3)

v)

Intro

duct

ion

of In

sula

tions

and

Impl

emen

t B

uild

ing

Cod

es (Y

ear 3

)

i) C

onsi

der i

ncre

men

tal t

ariff

pla

n on

Gas

and

E

lect

ricity

as

a m

easu

re fo

r con

serv

atio

n (Y

ear 1

)

ii)

Und

erta

ke s

teps

to c

hann

el c

olle

cted

ad

ditio

nal m

oney

on

inve

stin

g lo

w c

ost

cool

ers

and

hom

e in

sula

tions

dev

elop

men

t (Y

ear 4

)



d)

Seek

med

ia in

volv

emen

t in

ener

gy c

onse

rvat

ion

cam

paig

ns

Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

Sc

hedu

led

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Targ

et

Fun

ding

Org

aniz

e E

nerg

y C

onse

rvat

ion

Ye

ar 1

- Yea

r 2

Min

Pow

er,

Min

Pow

er

info

rmat

ion

diss

emin

atio

n

M

ass

Med

ia

wor

ksho

ps E

XC

LUS

IVE

LY fo

r

m

edia

per

sonn

el

Med

ia in

stitu

tions

are

giv

en li

st

Year

1

Min

Pow

er,

Min

Sci

ence

of

Sci

entis

ts e

ngag

ed in

EC

Mas

s M

edia

, &

Tec

hnol

ogy

activ

ities

Sci

ence

&

Tech

nolo

gy

Invi

te M

edia

to h

ave

regu

lar

Year

1-Y

ear 3

M

in P

ower

, M

in M

ass

disc

ussi

ons

with

Sci

entis

ts

M

ass

Med

ia

Med

ia

Invi

te M

edia

to re

min

d vi

ewer

s

Year

1-Y

ear 9

M

in P

ower

, M

in P

ower

,

to

sav

e en

ergy

(onc

e, e

very

Mas

s M

edia

M

ass

Med

ia

hour

)

Ann

ounc

e th

e Aw

ard

and

Ye

ar 1

M

in P

ower

, M

in P

ower

pr

epar

e cr

iteria

for s

elec

tion

M

ass

Med

ia

Sel

ect,

thre

e ou

tsta

ndin

g

Year

1-Y

ear 9

M

in P

ower

M

in P

ower

pe

rform

ers

from

eac

h st

ream

of

Med

ia

Pre

sent

the

Awar

ds w

ith

Year

1-Y

ear 9

M

in P

ower

M

embe

r Sta

te/

max

imum

pos

sibl

e pa

rtici

patio

n

M

in P

ower

of

hig

h pr

ofile

Fig

ures

Eval

uatio

n M

ilest

ones

(li

sted

in th

e pa

rent

hesi

s is

the

Year

that

is

targ

eted

to c

ompl

ete

a pa

rtic

ular

act

ivity

)

Invi

te m

edia

to

prom

ote

Ene

rgy

Effi

cien

cy

Intro

duce

an

awar

d fo

r the

Med

ia

inst

itutio

n do

ing

best

en

ergy

con

serv

atio

n ca

mpa

ign

i) P

repa

re li

st o

f Jou

rnal

ists

who

wor

k in

S

cien

ce/ E

nerg

y pr

ogra

mm

es (Y

ear 1

)

ii)

Pre

pare

list

of S

cien

tists

who

can

/ w

illin

g sp

eak

to m

edia

(Yea

r 1)

iii)

Arr

ange

Nat

ionw

ide

wor

ksho

ps fo

r med

ia

pers

onne

l in

prom

otin

g of

Ene

rgy

Effi

cien

cy

(Yea

r 1, Y

ear 2

)

iv)

Intro

duce

som

e m

easu

res

that

enc

oura

ge

med

ia p

erso

nnel

take

the

mes

sage

to th

e pu

blic

(Yea

r 2)

i) Id

entif

y ev

alua

tion

crite

ria, p

anel

of j

udge

s,

amou

nt o

f Rew

ard

(Yea

r 1)

ii)

Adv

ertis

ed th

e Aw

ard

and

Cal

l for

no

min

atio

ns/ a

pplic

atio

ns (Y

ear 2

)iii

) S

elec

tion

of th

e W

inne

rs a

nd R

unne

rs-u

p (Y

ear 2

)iv

) R

ewar

d th

e w

inne

rs a

t a G

ala

even

t with

pa

rtici

patio

n of

Hig

hest

pos

sibl

e na

tiona

l fig

ure

(Yea

r 2)

v)

Mon

itor m

edia

initi

ativ

es a

nd re

war

d th

em

(Yea

r 3- Y

ear 9

)

i) D

evel

op a

pro

gram

me

to re

war

d th

e m

edia

fo

r EC

cam

paig

ns (Y

ear 1

)

ii)

Dev

elop

mec

hani

sm to

eva

luat

e (Y

ear 1

)

iii)

Initi

ate

annu

al a

war

d (Y

ear 2

- Yea

r 9)



e)

Intr

oduc

e En

ergy

con

serv

atio

n as

a u

nit /

sub

ject

in J

unio

r / U

pper

sch

ool c

urric

ula

Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

Sc

hedu

led

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Targ

et

Fun

ding

Ass

ess

curr

ent S

cien

ce

Year

1

Min

Edu

catio

n M

in E

duca

tion

curr

icul

a in

Jun

ior S

choo

ls

Iden

tify

mos

t sui

tabl

e ye

ar/

Year

1

Min

Edu

catio

n M

in E

duca

tion,

gr

ade

whe

n E

nerg

y co

nser

va-

Pow

er

tion

shou

ld b

e in

trodu

ced

Eva

luat

e th

e av

aila

ble

Ye

ar 2

M

in E

duca

tion

Min

Edu

catio

n,

com

pete

nt re

sour

ces

for

Pow

er

curr

icul

a de

velo

pmen

t

Hire

Spe

cial

ists

to d

evel

op th

e

Year

2

Min

Edu

catio

n,

Min

Edu

catio

n

cu

rric

ula

P

ower

Laun

ch E

nerg

y C

onse

rvat

ion

Ye

ar 3

M

in E

duca

tion,

M

in E

duca

tion

subj

ects

in N

atio

nal S

choo

l

Pow

er

Cur

ricul

a

Eva

luat

e th

e co

mpe

tenc

y of

Ye

ar 2

M

in E

duca

tion

Min

Edu

catio

n

av

aila

ble

reso

urce

s fo

r

cu

rric

ula

deve

lopm

ent

If sa

tisfa

ctor

y re

sour

ces

not

Year

3

Min

Pow

er, S

EC

M

in E

duca

tion,

fo

und,

see

k S

EC

ass

ista

nce

in

Pow

er

iden

tifyi

ng s

uita

ble

pers

onne

l

fro

m o

ther

Mem

ber S

tate

s

Eval

uatio

n M

ilest

ones

(li

sted

in th

e pa

rent

hesi

s is

the

Year

that

is

targ

eted

to c

ompl

ete

a pa

rtic

ular

act

ivity

)

Intro

duct

ion

of E

nerg

y C

onse

rvat

ion

in to

S

choo

l cur

ricul

ar

In th

e ab

senc

e of

reso

urce

s, th

e S

AA

RC

Ene

rgy

Cen

tre m

ay h

elp

in id

entif

ying

co

mpe

tent

re

sour

ces

from

oth

er

Mem

ber S

tate

s

i) S

tudy

the

Sch

ool c

urric

ula

to s

ee w

heth

er

Ene

rgy

Con

serv

atio

n is

alre

ady

ther

e

(Yea

r 1)

ii)

If ye

s se

e w

ays

to im

prov

e (Y

ear 1

)

iii)

If no

, ide

ntify

the

idea

l lev

el in

whi

ch th

at

is to

be

intro

duce

d w

ith th

e he

lp o

f Exp

erts

(Y

ear 1

)

iv)

Con

tract

cur

ricul

ar d

evel

opm

ent (

Year

1)

v)

Intro

duce

the

topi

c in

to C

urric

ular

(Yea

r 3)

i) C

onta

ct S

EC

(Yea

r 1)

ii)

The

SE

C c

onta

cts

regi

onal

exp

erts

(Y

ear 1

)

iii)

Reg

iona

l exp

erts

hel

ps c

urric

ular

de

velo

pmen

t (Ye

ar 2

)

iv)

The

SE

C re

ports

to th

e M

embe

r Sta

te

conc

ern

(Yea

r 2)

v)

The

Mem

ber S

tate

ado

pts

the

curr

icul

ar

(Yea

r 3)



f) En

cour

age

use

of IC

S fo

r coo

king

Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

Sc

hedu

led

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Targ

et

Fun

ding

Initi

ates

aw

aren

ess

cam

paig

n

Year

1

Min

Pow

er,

Min

Pow

er

on h

ealth

haz

ards

bas

ed o

n

E

nviro

nmen

t

al

read

y kn

own

fact

s

Hire

sui

tabl

e S

cien

tists

to

Year

1- Y

ear 2

M

in P

ower

, M

in P

ower

,

C

emen

t the

Arg

umen

ts a

nd

E

nviro

nmen

t E

nviro

nmen

t

de

velo

p in

form

atio

n di

ssem

ina-

tio

n m

echa

nism

Invi

te C

eleb

ritie

s (G

oodw

ill

Year

2

Min

Pow

er,

Min

Pow

er,

Am

bass

ador

s) fr

om S

ports

and

Cul

ture

, Mas

s M

ass

Med

ia

Cin

ema

to jo

in h

ands

with

the

Med

ia

cam

paig

n

Mak

e a

few

TV

adv

ertis

emen

ts

Year

2

Min

Pow

er,

Min

Pow

er,

invo

lvin

g C

eleb

ritie

s to

pro

mot

e

Cul

ture

, Mas

s M

ass

Med

ia

the

ICS

Med

ia

A sa

mpl

e si

ze is

iden

tified

to

Year

2

Min

Pow

er,

Min

Pow

er

colle

ct a

feed

back

on

ICS

Env

ironm

ent

Feed

back

is a

naly

zed

Year

3

Min

Pow

er

Min

Pow

er

Ana

lyze

d fe

edba

ck is

giv

en

Year

3

Min

Pow

er

Min

Pow

er

as a

n in

put f

or fu

rther

dev

elop

-

m

ent o

f IC

S

Nat

iona

l lev

el C

ompe

titio

n is

Ye

ar 3

M

in P

ower

M

in P

ower

or

gani

zed

to fu

rther

dev

elop

th

e IC

S

Eva

luat

es th

e N

ew IC

S a

nd

Year

4

Min

Pow

er

Min

Pow

er

sele

ct w

inni

ng m

odel

s

Rew

ard

the

win

ners

and

Ye

ar 4

M

embe

r Sta

te/

Min

Pow

er

prom

ote

the

win

ning

mod

els

Min

Pow

er

with

the

help

of C

eleb

ritie

s

Eval

uatio

n M

ilest

ones

(li

sted

in th

e pa

rent

hesi

s is

the

Year

that

is

targ

eted

to c

ompl

ete

a pa

rtic

ular

act

ivity

)

Hea

lth h

azar

d aw

aren

ess

crea

tion

(Indo

or a

ir po

llutio

n, T

B, v

isio

n de

terio

ratio

n, e

tc.)

Agg

ress

ive

cam

paig

n of

ICS

w

ith p

artic

ipat

ion

of

Cel

ebrit

ies

Org

aniz

e co

mpe

titio

ns to

fu

rther

dev

elop

ICS

to

giv

e bl

ue fl

ame

and

heat

regu

latio

n ab

ility

i) D

ata

gath

erin

g ab

out h

ealth

haz

ards

from

tra

ditio

nal c

ooki

ng s

tove

s (Y

ear 1

)ii)

H

ire a

Sci

entis

t to

deve

lop

the

data

in to

in

form

atio

n (Y

ear 1

)iii

) G

athe

r dat

a/ in

form

atio

n fro

m o

ther

co

untri

es (Y

ear 1

)iv

) In

itiat

e aw

aren

ess

mak

ing

cam

paig

n

(Yea

r 2)

i) R

eque

st s

ports

and

/ or c

inem

a ce

lebr

ities

jo

in th

e IC

S p

rom

otio

n ca

mpa

ign

(Yea

r 1)

ii)

Hire

an

adve

rtisi

ng c

ompa

ny fo

r mak

ing

the

com

mer

cial

(Yea

r 1)

iii)

Fund

the

com

mer

cial

on

TV o

r see

k fu

ndin

g su

ppor

t for

the

TV ti

me

(Yea

r 1)

iv)

Em

bark

on

aggr

essi

ve c

ampa

ign

for I

CS

(Y

ear 2

)

i) S

ampl

e an

d sa

mpl

e si

ze is

iden

tified

for t

he

ICS

feed

back

sur

vey

(Yea

r 2)

ii)

Sur

vey

resu

lts a

naly

zed

for e

nd-u

ser

perc

eptio

ns (Y

ear 2

)iii

) A

nnou

nce

a N

atio

n-w

ide

com

petit

ion

to d

evel

op n

ew IC

S to

sat

isfy

end

-use

r pe

rcep

tions

and

whi

ch h

ave

regu

late

Blu

e-Fl

ame

(Yea

r 3)

iv)

Eva

luat

e ne

w d

esig

ns a

nd R

ewar

d th

e w

inne

rs (Y

ear 3

)v)

E

mba

rk o

n pr

omot

ion

of w

inni

ng IC

S to

the

publ

ic (Y

ear 4

)



4.3 Conservation of Energy in Industrial Sector (Including Agriculture)

The Energy consumption by the industry sector in the SAARC Member States varies from 5% to 50% depending on the level of the industrial development of country. This disparity does not allow making generalized recommendations to conserve the energy in these consumer categories. Some Member States have very few industries or none at all, while some others can boast with their industries developed to a level which puts them at par with the fastest developing industrial economies. When conservation of energy in the industrial sector is considered, it is imperative to identify industry specific ways, as conservation methodologies vary depending on the type of the industry. That part is left for the Energy Managers, who are responsible for detailed planning. Nevertheless, general proper housekeeping will also lead to conservation of energy to a reasonable extent.

A SWOT analysis was conducted to assess the feasibility of introducing energy conservation and to derive an Action Plan. As mentioned earlier, only a general picture of industries was studied for the SWOT analysis, targeting those non-technical measures that may help in achieving the main objective.

Strengths

Regulations exist to make hiring of Energy Managers mandatory (in classified industries in some Member States)

With the availability of Energy Managing expertise, training is regularized (in some Member Countries)

Experience of Energy Conservation exists in Industries (in some Member States) Industry realizes the necessity of Energy Management (for Cost saving) Different Energy Conservation Awards and Awareness Creation Campaigns are in

place (in some Member States) GDP growth in Member States will lead to acquiring of new technologies that are

energy efficient Industries are organized through different kinds of Chambers (Easy to approach) Easy to train workmanship

Weaknesses

Industry feels hiring of Energy Managers increases their running costs Poor benchmarking and target setting Positive results of Energy Conservation are not measurable on the spot (difficulty

in convincing) Limited opportunities to train Energy Managers (in some Member States) Absence of proper legislations that make hiring of Energy Managers mandatory (in

some Member States) Awareness campaigns are not much effective Top management is more interested in Sales and Marketing rather than in Energy

Management or R&D Resistance to change (from shop floor workers)



Opportunities

GDP growth in Member States will lead to acquiring new technologies that are energy efficient

Proper Tax reduction on import of energy efficient technologies will lead to the use of new technologies

Low energy consuming products will have greater demand (Carbon foot print) Greater energy savings may lead to claiming of CDM funding as well as support

out of other Kyoto protocol funding possibilities New industrial estates/zones amenable to adoption of energy efficient technologies Cost saving from deployment of efficient technologies in the prevailing high energy

price regime

Threats

Discovery of a new fuel type or discoveries of vast deposits of fossil fuels may lead to drop in the prices of fuels

Another economic downturn in the West may lead to low production in Member States, thus reducing the energy efficiency initiatives

The current pattern of fuel consumption in Member States and the upward trend of fossil fuels prices hamper the industrial growth as well as the growth of disposable income in Member States

Non-affordability of industry to acquire new technologies that are energy efficient Poor Law and Order situation in some areas in Member States Non-tariff barriers to import of state-of-the-art technologies into the region

(technology transfer issue) Resistance to change (from shop floor workers)

Goal Setting

The SWOT analysis has shown avenues for energy conservation as well as drawbacks in the region. Considering all the available information about the potential of energy savings in the industry and the results of the SWOT analysis, it is proposed to reduce energy consumption in this sector by 15% by the Year 2021.

Goal: To reduce by 15%, the Energy used per unit of Value Added products of the Industrial sector by the Year 2021.

The following Action Plan has been developed to accomplish the target of achieving the set Goal:



Act

ion

Plan

for E

nerg

y C

onse

rvat

ion

at E

nd-U

se: I

ndus

try

Sect

or (i

nclu

ding

Agr

icul

ture

)

GO

AL:

To

redu

ce b

y 15

% th

e E

nerg

y us

e pe

r uni

t of V

alue

Add

ed p

rodu

ct o

f the

Indu

stria

l sec

tor b

y th

e Ye

ar 2

021

assu

min

g th

at o

ther

rela

ted

fact

ors

rem

ain

freez

e as

of i

n 20

12

Prop

osed

Act

ion

Plan

to A

chie

ve th

e se

t Goa

l A

ntic

ipat

ed

C

ontr

ibut

ion

(%

)

a)

Intro

duct

ion

of le

gisl

atio

ns fo

r man

dato

ry E

nerg

y M

anag

ers

in In

dust

ry a

nd fo

r dev

elop

men

t of

35

E

nerg

y P

olic

y

b)

Intro

duct

ion

of N

atio

nal r

ewar

ding

sys

tem

for b

est e

nerg

y co

nser

ving

indu

strie

s 10

c)

Intro

duct

ion

of ta

x be

nefit

s or

oth

er in

cent

ives

for i

ndus

tries

, enc

oura

ging

them

to s

witc

h ov

er to

25

fuel

effi

cien

t tec

hnol

ogie

s

d)

Inef

ficie

nt A

gric

ultu

re p

umps

to b

e re

plac

ed

5

e)

Enc

oura

ge in

dust

ries

to ta

p ho

me-

grow

n so

urce

s of

sus

tain

able

ene

rgy

(Ren

ewab

le)

15

f) E

ncou

rage

indu

stria

l sta

tes/

zon

es/ p

arks

to re

duce

the

ener

gy lo

sses

in tr

ansp

orta

tion

10

Tim

e fra

me

for I

mpl

emen

tatio

n:Ye

ar 1

= 20

13 ;

Year

2 =

201

4; Y

ear 3

= 2

015;

Yea

r 4 =

201

6; Y

ear 5

= 2

017;

Yea

r 6 =

201

8; Y

ear 7

= 2

019;

Yea

r 8 =

202

0; Y

ear 9

= 2

021

Com

pone

nt W

eigh

tage

The

Indu

stry

and

Its

deve

lopm

ent

vary

ver

y m

uch

in th

e S

AA

RC

R

egio

n. S

ame

as e

nerg

y co

nser

vatio

n po

tent

ial o

f diff

eren

t ty

pe o

f ind

ustri

es. B

ut d

iffer

ent

surv

ey in

dica

ted

that

the

Indu

stria

l se

ctor

cou

ld s

ave

up to

35%

of

ener

gy fr

om th

e cu

rren

t con

sum

ptio

n fo

r the

sam

e pr

oduc

t. Th

ere

are

num

ber o

f way

s to

ach

ieve

EE

, but

do

min

ant s

olut

ions

can

com

e fro

m

self-

asse

ssm

ent b

y th

e In

dust

ry

it-se

lf w

hich

is to

be

done

by

Ene

rgy

Man

ager

s.



a)

Intr

oduc

tion

of le

gisl

atio

ns fo

r man

dato

ry E

nerg

y M

anag

ers

in in

dust

ry a

nd fo

r dev

elop

men

t of E

nerg

y Po

licy

Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

Sc

hedu

led

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Targ

et

Fun

ding

Ass

ess

the

curr

ent a

vaila

ble

Ye

ar 1

M

in P

ower

M

in P

ower

po

licie

s

App

oint

a g

roup

of e

xper

ts to

Ye

ar 1

M

in P

ower

M

in P

ower

dr

aft N

atio

nal E

nerg

y C

onse

r-

vatio

n P

olic

y

Pre

pare

Ene

rgy

Con

serv

atio

n

Year

2

Min

Pow

er/ A

G

Min

Pow

er

Act

whe

re n

eede

d

Offi

ce

Take

initi

ativ

es p

rom

otin

g

Year

3

Min

Pow

er/ A

G

Min

Pow

er

ener

gy c

onse

rvat

ion

in th

e

O

ffice

M

embe

r Sta

tes

thro

ugh

le

gisl

atio

ns.

Ass

ess

the

avai

labl

e le

gal

Year

1

Min

Pow

er

Min

Pow

er

fram

ewor

ks

Iden

tify

Indu

stry

seg

men

ts fo

r Ye

ar 1

M

in P

ower

M

in P

ower

w

hich

hiri

ng o

f EM

s ne

eds

to

be m

ade

man

dato

ry

Ass

ess

the

avai

labl

e le

gal

Year

1

Min

Pow

er

Min

Pow

er

fram

ewor

ks

Con

tact

the

SE

C If

exp

ertis

e is

Ye

ar 2

M

in P

ower

/ SE

C

Min

Pow

er/

not a

vaila

ble

S

EC

Eval

uatio

n M

ilest

ones

(li

sted

in th

e pa

rent

hesi

s is

the

Year

that

is

targ

eted

to c

ompl

ete

a pa

rtic

ular

act

ivity

)

Mem

ber S

tate

s w

ith

no o

r ina

dequ

ate

ener

gy c

onse

rvat

ion

polic

y ta

kes

actio

ns to

pre

pare

co

mpr

ehen

sive

po

licy

Mem

ber S

tate

s w

here

ther

e ar

e no

legi

slat

ions

that

m

ake

it m

anda

tory

hi

ring

Ene

rgy

Man

ager

s ar

e to

ta

ke in

itiat

ives

to

draf

t leg

isla

tions

Mem

ber S

tate

s w

here

exp

ertis

e is

lack

ing

for t

he

purp

ose;

see

k he

lp

from

mor

e ad

vanc

ed

Mem

ber S

tate

s th

roug

h S

EC

vi)

App

oint

a te

am to

stu

dy a

ll av

aila

ble

Ene

rgy

rela

ted

Pol

icie

s (Y

ear 1

)

vii)

Iden

tify

Pol

icy

gaps

(Yea

r 1)

viii)

Pre

pare

Act

s an

d P

olic

ies

for E

nerg

y C

onse

rvat

ion

(Yea

r 1)

ix)

Initi

ate

publ

ic a

war

enes

s ca

mpa

ign

(Yea

r 2)

x)

Em

bark

on

lega

l enf

orce

men

t (Ye

ar 2

)

xi)

Re-

visi

t the

act

ivity

for f

eedb

ack

(Yea

r 3)

i) S

tudy

the

legi

slat

ions

(Yea

r 1)

ii)

Iden

tify

the

indu

stry

seg

men

ts a

nd s

ize

of

the

indu

stry

to in

trodu

ce E

nerg

y M

anag

ers

(Yea

r 1)

iii)

If no

room

for E

nerg

y M

anag

ers

in e

xist

ing

legi

slat

ions

, go

to A

ctio

n (ii

i) in

abo

ve it

em

(Yea

r 1)

iv)

Iden

tifica

tion

of E

xper

ts (Y

ear 1

)

v)

Nee

ds a

sses

smen

t (Ye

ar 1

)

vi)

See

k A

ssis

tanc

e th

roug

h th

e S

EC

for

expe

rts to

hel

p dr

aftin

g th

e le

gisl

atio

ns

(Yea

r 2)



Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

Sc

hedu

led

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Targ

et

Fun

ding

Ass

ess

avai

labl

e m

echa

nism

Ye

ar 1

M

in P

ower

M

in P

ower

fo

r Ene

rgy

Man

agem

ent i

n

Indu

strie

s

Stu

dy h

ow to

inco

rpor

ate

Ye

ar 2

M

in P

ower

M

in P

ower

ce

rtific

atio

n pr

ogra

mm

e in

the

le

gisl

atio

ns

Incl

ude

inpu

ts to

Ene

rgy

Ye

ar 2

M

in P

ower

M

in P

ower

C

onse

rvat

ion

Act

Stu

dy w

heth

er E

nerg

y La

belin

g

Year

1

Min

Pow

er

Min

Pow

er

Pro

gram

me

is in

exi

sten

ce

If no

t, ad

opt o

ne o

f the

labe

ling

Ye

ar 2

-Yea

r 9

Min

Pow

er

Min

Pow

er/

prog

ram

mes

dev

elop

ed b

y

SE

C

fore

front

cou

ntrie

s in

the

regi

on,

and

star

t effo

rt to

dev

elop

ow

n

la

belin

g sy

stem

Eval

uatio

n M

ilest

ones

(li

sted

in th

e pa

rent

hesi

s is

the

Year

that

is

targ

eted

to c

ompl

ete

a pa

rtic

ular

act

ivity

)

Mem

ber S

tate

s ta

ke

initi

ativ

es to

inst

itute

a

certi

ficat

ion

mec

hani

sm fo

r E

nerg

y M

anag

ers

Mem

ber S

tate

s ad

opt E

nerg

y La

belin

g P

rogr

amm

es

deve

lope

d by

oth

er

Mem

ber S

tate

s or

de

velo

p th

eir o

wn

labe

ling

syst

em

i) S

tudy

exi

stin

g m

echa

nism

s to

cer

tify

Ene

rgy

Man

ager

s an

d th

eir d

raw

back

s (Y

ear 1

) ii)

C

onsi

der i

ntro

duci

ng c

ertifi

catio

n al

ong

with

m

akin

g it

man

dato

ry to

hire

EM

s (Y

ear 1

)iii

) If

loca

l exp

ertis

e is

not

ade

quat

e, s

eek

SE

C

help

in a

rran

ging

regi

onal

exp

erts

(Yea

r 1)

iv)

Wor

k to

war

ds le

galiz

ing

Act

s an

d re

gula

tions

(Yea

r 2)

i) S

tudy

whe

ther

ene

rgy

labe

ling

prog

ram

me

is in

exi

sten

ce (Y

ear 1

)ii)

If

not,

Con

side

r dev

elop

ing

own

labe

ling

prog

ram

me

or a

dopt

from

a M

embe

r Sta

te

(Yea

r 1)

iii)

If to

be

adop

ted,

con

tact

SE

C (Y

ear 1

)iv

) M

ake

Ene

rgy

Labe

ling

man

dato

ry fo

r se

lect

ed e

quip

men

t (Ye

ar 2

-Yea

r 9)



b)

Intr

oduc

tion

of N

atio

nal r

ewar

ding

sys

tem

for b

est e

nerg

y co

nser

ving

indu

strie

s

Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

Sc

hedu

led

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Targ

et

Fun

ding

Iden

tify

high

ene

rgy

cons

umin

g

Year

1

Min

Pow

er

Min

Pow

er

indu

strie

s

Stu

dy h

ow o

ther

cou

ntrie

s in

Ye

ar 1

M

in P

ower

M

in P

ower

th

e re

gion

arr

ange

rew

ardi

ng

syst

ems

(Mem

ber S

tate

s m

ay

seek

hel

p fro

m S

EC

)

Ann

ounc

e N

atio

nal A

war

d

Year

1

Min

Pow

er

Min

Pow

er

Sys

tem

s (F

orm

s of

BE

E m

ay

be u

sed

for e

valu

atio

n )

Sel

ect w

inne

rs

Year

2-Y

ear 9

M

in P

ower

M

in P

ower

Rew

ard

the

win

ners

at t

he

Year

2-Y

ear 9

M

in P

ower

M

embe

r Sta

te/

high

est p

ossi

ble

leve

l

M

in P

ower

Eval

uatio

n M

ilest

ones

(li

sted

in th

e pa

rent

hesi

s is

the

Year

that

is

targ

eted

to c

ompl

ete

a pa

rtic

ular

act

ivity

)

Iden

tify

Indu

stry

se

gmen

ts u

nder

w

hich

the

rew

ardi

ng

com

petit

ions

are

to

be o

rgan

ized

i) S

tudy

loca

l ind

ustry

and

seg

rega

te it

ac

cord

ing

to th

e en

ergy

con

sum

ptio

n E

x:

per u

nit o

f pro

duct

or t

otal

con

sum

ptio

n (Y

ear 1

)

ii)

Dev

elop

a re

war

ding

sys

tem

for e

nerg

y co

nser

vatio

n an

d ca

ll fo

r nom

inat

ions

(Y

ear 2

)

iii)

Eva

luat

e th

e w

inne

rs a

nd re

war

d th

em

annu

ally

(Yea

r 2)

iv)

Bas

ed o

n an

nual

sav

ings

for a

uni

t of

prod

uctio

n an

nual

ly d

evel

op b

ench

mar

ks

for o

ther

inst

itutio

ns in

the

sect

or (Y

ear 3

)

v)

Incl

ude

benc

hmar

king

to E

nerg

y sa

ving

ac

ts (Y

ear 4

)

vi)

Mak

e th

ese

happ

en a

nnua

lly

(Yea

r 4- Y

ear 9

)



c)

Intr

oduc

tion

of ta

x be

nefit

s or

oth

er in

cent

ives

for i

ndus

try,

enc

oura

ging

them

to s

witc

h ov

er to

fuel

effi

cien

t tec

hnol

ogie

s

Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

Sc

hedu

led

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Targ

et

Fun

ding

Ass

ess

the

sche

mes

of o

ther

Ye

ar 1

M

in P

ower

/ M

in P

ower

/

fo

refro

nt M

embe

r Sta

tes

S

EC

S

EC

Ado

pt th

e sc

hem

es w

ith

Year

2

Min

Pow

er

Min

Pow

er

nece

ssar

y m

odifi

catio

ns

Lega

lize

the

sche

me

Ye

ar 2

M

in P

ower

M

in P

ower

Impl

emen

t the

sch

eme

Ye

ar 2

-Yea

r 4

Min

Pow

er

Min

Pow

er

d)

Inef

ficie

nt A

gric

ultu

re p

umps

to b

e m

ade

ener

gy e

ffici

ent

Ass

ess

the

Agr

o pu

mps

’ Ye

ar 1

M

in P

ower

, M

in P

ower

co

ntrib

utio

n to

Nat

iona

l Ene

rgy

Agr

icul

ture

D

eman

d

Mem

ber S

tate

s m

ay a

dopt

Ye

ar 1

-Yea

r 2

Min

Pow

er,

Min

Pow

er,

succ

essf

ul s

chem

es fr

om

A

gric

ultu

re

Agr

icul

ture

fo

refro

nt M

embe

r sta

tes

(e

.g. I

ndia

)

Eval

uatio

n M

ilest

ones

(li

sted

in th

e pa

rent

hesi

s is

the

Year

that

is

targ

eted

to c

ompl

ete

a pa

rtic

ular

act

ivity

)

Intro

duce

Tax

B

enefi

t sch

emes

Re-

Sca

ling

of A

gro

pum

ps

i) S

tudy

whe

ther

ther

e ar

e an

y ta

x be

nefit

s or

ot

her b

enefi

ts fo

r the

Indu

stry

who

em

bark

on

fuel

effi

cien

t tec

hnol

ogie

s to

con

serv

e en

ergy

(Yea

r 1)

ii)

Dev

elop

ow

n sc

hem

e or

ado

pt fr

om a

n ad

vanc

ed M

embe

r Cou

ntry

(Yea

r 1)

iii)

If ne

eded

see

k S

EC

ass

ista

nce

(Yea

r 1)

iv)

Mak

e re

war

dsa

lega

l bin

ding

(Yea

r 1)

v)

Re-

visi

t afte

r tw

o ye

ars

for a

feed

back

(Y

ear 3

)

vi)

Impr

ove

the

sche

me

base

d on

feed

back

(Y

ear 4

)

i) S

tudy

the

Agr

icul

ture

pum

ps b

eing

use

d in

a

larg

e sc

ale

(Yea

r 1)

ii)

Est

imat

e av

erag

e en

ergy

con

sum

ptio

n an

d w

ays

to im

prov

e th

e ef

ficie

ncy

(Yea

r 1)

iii)

In c

ase

of in

adeq

uate

exp

ertis

e, s

eek

assi

stan

ce fr

om th

e S

EC

(Yea

r 1)

iv)

Re-

scal

e th

e pu

mps

whe

re n

eces

sary

(Yea

r 2)

v)

Eva

luat

e in

trodu

ctio

n of

Sol

ar B

ased

wat

er

pum

ping

in a

gric

ultu

re (Y

ear 2

)



e)

Enco

urag

e in

dust

ries

to ta

p ho

me-

grow

n so

urce

s of

sus

tain

able

ene

rgy

(Ren

ewab

le)

Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

Sc

hedu

led

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Targ

et

Fun

ding

Mem

ber S

tate

s id

entifi

es

Year

1

Min

Pow

er

Min

Pow

er

indu

stry

seg

men

ts w

here

this

co

ncep

t will

be

intro

duce

d

easi

ly

Initi

ate

a pr

omot

ion

Year

1

Min

Pow

er

Min

Pow

er

Est

ablis

h an

inst

itutio

nal

Year

2

Min

Pow

er

Mem

ber S

tate

/

m

echa

nism

to s

uppo

rt th

e

M

in P

ower

in

dust

ries

that

are

usi

ng h

ome-

gr

own

sour

ces

of e

nerg

y

f) En

cour

age

indu

stria

l sta

tes/

zon

es/ p

arks

to re

duce

the

ener

gy lo

sses

in tr

ansp

orta

tion

/ tra

nsm

issi

on

Ass

ess

the

wor

king

mod

els

of

Year

1

Min

Pow

er,

Min

Pow

er,

exis

ting

Par

ks/ Z

ones

Indu

stry

In

dust

ry

Exp

lore

pos

sibi

litie

s to

exp

and

Ye

ar 2

-Yea

r 9

Min

Pow

er,

Min

Pow

er

the

park

s In

dust

ry

Intro

duce

add

ition

al b

enefi

ts fo

r Ye

ar 2

M

in P

ower

, M

in P

ower

in

dust

ries

whi

ch s

hift

thei

r

Indu

stry

fa

ctor

ies

to d

esig

nate

d zo

nes

Eval

uatio

n M

ilest

ones

(li

sted

in th

e pa

rent

hesi

s is

the

Year

that

is

targ

eted

to c

ompl

ete

a pa

rtic

ular

act

ivity

)

Enc

oura

ge u

se o

f ho

me-

grow

n en

ergy

(r

enew

able

)for

Indu

stry

Pro

mot

ion

of

Indu

stria

l Sta

tes/

P

arks

i) S

urve

y to

det

erm

ine

the

indu

stry

seg

men

ts

read

y fo

r fue

l sw

itchi

ng (Y

ear 1

)

ii)

Stu

dy w

ays

to e

ncou

rage

fuel

sw

itchi

ng

(Yea

r 1)

iii)

Inst

itute

a m

echa

nism

that

sup

port

use

of

rene

wab

le in

Indu

stry

(Yea

r 1)

iv)

Dev

elop

a re

war

ding

mec

hani

sm fo

r the

in

dust

ry w

ho u

se re

new

able

(Yea

r 2)

i) A

sses

s ex

istin

g in

dust

rial e

stat

e op

erat

ions

fo

r min

imiz

ing

trans

porta

tion

cost

and

sel

f-su

ffici

ent z

ones

(Yea

r 1)

ii)

Dev

elop

pro

mot

ion

sche

mes

so

mor

e an

d m

ore

indu

stry

mov

ed in

to s

peci

aliz

ed

zone

s (Y

ear 2

)

iii)

Stu

dy p

ossi

bilit

ies

of b

ulk

trans

porta

tion

from

and

to Z

one

(Yea

r 2)

iv)

If fo

und

acce

ptab

le c

ontin

ue p

rom

otin

g it

(Yea

r 3- Y

ear 9

)



4.4 Conservation of Energy in Large Commercial and Service Sector

The SAARC Member States can boast with the development of their tourism sectors where some of the world’s top hotel chains are present. Hotels occupy large land areas and buildings, hence there is room for substantial energy conservation. Most of the hotels are designed to make the guests comfortable compromising efficient utilization of energy resources. Hospitals and Government buildings also occupy vast land areas and are usually over-designed and have outdated interiors, thus contributing to inefficient use of energy within the premises. Further, lack of proper building management systems also contributes to the unnecessary loss or use of energy.

A SWOT analysis was performed to assess the energy saving capability and ways to promote conservation in this sector.

Strengths

Private ownership (savings matter) In most cases well educated staff (easy to make aware) Availability of expertise within the region Available experience in the sector Chains of hotels and groups of hospitals (easy to communicate)

Weaknesses

Inadequate top management support Lack of Energy Managers within the premises (current status) Inadequate funding (belief that other things are more important) Inadequate introduction of energy efficient technologies Poor infrastructure in some places (old) Negligence (in government buildings) Small scale operators cannot afford changes (costly) Inappropriate building and interior designs contribute to high energy consumption Poor standards (direct adoption from other countries) may lead to high energy

consumption

Opportunities

Possibility to exploit locally available experts Potential for employment generation (Energy Managers) Chance to market renewable energy resources Opening of new avenues for energy conservation

Threats

Sudden fall of fuel prices may lead to complete disregard of energy conservation Requirements of occupants of the premises may conflict with energy conservation Sudden income boost in the sector may lead to lack of interest in energy

conservation



Goal Setting

Based on the SWOT analysis and other information, an Action Plan was developed to reduce the energy consumption in this sector by 15% by the Year 2021.

Goal: To reduce the Energy used per Unit of Value added product/ service by Large Commercial Service Sector by 15% by the Year 2021 in comparison to Year 2012

The following components of the Action Plan with time frame are identified to achieve the set Goal:



Act

ion

Plan

for E

nerg

y C

onse

rvat

ion

at E

nd-U

se: L

arge

Com

mer

cial

and

Ser

vice

Sec

tor

GO

AL:

To

redu

ce th

e E

nerg

y us

ed p

er U

nit o

f Val

ue a

dded

ser

vice

of L

arge

Com

mer

cial

Ser

vice

Sec

tor b

y 15

% b

y th

e Ye

ar 2

021

in c

ompa

rison

to 2

012

Prop

osed

Act

ion

Plan

to A

chie

ve th

e se

t Goa

l A

ntic

ipat

ed

C

ontr

ibut

ion

(%

)

a)

Ben

chm

arki

ng fo

r Hot

el s

ecto

r (E

lect

ricity

con

sum

ptio

n pe

r gue

st/n

ight

ser

ved)

and

intro

duct

ion

15

of C

O2

foot

-prin

t

b)

Enf

orce

exi

stin

g B

uild

ing

Cod

es o

r dev

elop

Cod

es if

not

are

alre

ady

in p

lace

40

c)

Mak

e hi

ring

of E

nerg

y M

anag

ers

man

dato

ry fo

r lar

ge C

omm

erci

al/ S

ervi

ce e

ntiti

es (E

lect

ricity

30

cons

umpt

ion

> 40

0 kV

A??

)

d)

For l

arge

sca

le s

ervi

ce a

nd c

omm

erci

al e

ntiti

es, m

ake

ener

gy a

uditi

ng m

anda

tory

afte

r eve

ry

15

tw

o ye

as

Tim

e fr

ame

for I

mpl

emen

tatio

n:Ye

ar 1

= 20

13 ;

Year

2 =

201

4; Y

ear 3

= 2

015;

Yea

r 4 =

201

6; Y

ear 5

= 2

017;

Yea

r 6 =

201

8; Y

ear 7

= 2

019;

Yea

r 8 =

202

0; Y

ear 9

= 2

021

Com

pone

nt W

eigh

tage

Sig

nific

ant e

nerg

y co

nser

vatio

n co

uld

be a

chie

ved

by le

galiz

ing

build

ing

Cod

es a

nd m

akin

g hi

ring

of E

nerg

y M

anag

ers

man

dato

ry

for c

erta

in s

ize

of in

dust

ry.

Intro

duct

ion

of C

arbo

n fo

ot p

rint

and

the

requ

irem

ent o

f con

tinuo

us

impr

ovem

ent o

f car

bon

foot

prin

t will

le

ad to

redu

ce e

nerg

y co

nsum

ptio

n



a)

Ben

chm

arki

ng fo

r hot

el s

ecto

r (El

ectr

icity

con

sum

ptio

n pe

r gue

st/n

ight

ser

ved)

and

intr

oduc

tion

of C

O2

foot

-prin

t

Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

Sc

hedu

led

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Targ

et

Fun

ding

Iden

tify

a be

nchm

ark

for h

otel

s

Year

1-Y

ear2

M

in P

ower

, M

in P

ower

fo

r ene

rgy

cons

umpt

ion

To

uris

m

Invi

te o

ther

pla

yers

to ta

rget

Ye

ar 3

-Yea

r 9

Min

Tou

rism

M

in P

ower

,

th

e be

nchm

ark

Tour

ism

Ass

ess

the

achi

evem

ents

Ye

ar 3

-Yea

r 9

Min

Pow

er,

Min

Pow

er

Tour

ism

Incr

ease

ben

chm

arki

ng a

nd

Year

9 +

M

in P

ower

, M

in P

ower

,

re

peat

the

exer

cise

Tour

ism

To

uris

m

As

a st

artin

g po

int,

intro

duce

Ye

ar 1

M

in P

ower

, M

in P

ower

,

ca

lcul

atio

n of

Car

bon

foot

prin

t

Tour

ism

To

uris

m

for H

otel

sec

tor

Afte

rwar

ds, i

ntro

duce

a

Year

2

Min

Pow

er,

Min

Tou

rism

re

war

ding

mec

hani

sm fo

r

Tour

ism

m

inim

um C

arbo

n fo

otpr

ints

Onc

e it

is s

ucce

ssfu

l in

Hot

el

Year

3-Y

ear 9

M

in P

ower

, M

in P

ower

,

se

ctor

, tak

e st

eps

to e

xpan

d

To

uris

m

Min

Indu

strie

s

th

e sp

here

of a

pplic

atio

n

Eval

uatio

n M

ilest

ones

(li

sted

in th

e pa

rent

hesi

s is

the

Year

that

is

targ

eted

to c

ompl

ete

a pa

rtic

ular

act

ivity

)

Ben

chm

arki

ng o

f H

otel

s

(> 5

0 R

oom

s)

Intro

duct

ion

of

Car

bon

foot

prin

t

v)

Ass

ess

Ene

rgy

Con

sum

ptio

n pe

r Gue

st

per N

ight

sta

y in

a fe

w le

adin

g ho

tels

(Y

ear 1

)

vi)

Take

the

min

imum

as

initi

al b

ench

mar

king

an

d ac

cept

it a

s th

e in

dust

ry

benc

hmar

king

. Req

uire

oth

er p

laye

rs to

fo

llow

(Yea

r 1)

vii)

Sur

vey

on in

tern

atio

nal b

ench

mar

king

for

the

sect

or (Y

ear 1

)

viii)

If i

nter

natio

nal B

ench

mar

king

is le

ss th

an

loca

l,acc

ept t

he in

tern

atio

nal fi

gure

as

the

benc

hmar

king

for t

he S

ecto

r and

follo

w

(Yea

r 2)

ix)

Incr

ease

the

benc

hmar

king

and

take

ne

cess

ary

step

s to

ach

ieve

it

(Yea

r 4-Y

ear 9

)

i) H

ire a

n ex

pert

to C

alcu

late

the

Car

bon

foot

-pr

int i

n a

luxu

ry H

otel

(Yea

r 1)

ii)

Exp

and

deve

lopi

ng C

arbo

n fo

ot-p

rint f

or th

e ho

telie

r sec

tor (

Year

1)

iii)

Rew

ard

the

low

est f

oot-p

rint a

chie

ver (

Year

2-

Year

9)

iv)

Bas

ed o

n su

cces

s ex

pand

the

carb

on-fo

ot

prin

t cal

cula

tion

to o

ther

exp

ort o

rient

ed

indu

strie

s (Y

ear 3

- Yea

r 9)



b)

Enfo

rce

exis

ting

Bui

ldin

g C

odes

or d

evel

op C

odes

if n

ot a

lread

y in

pla

ce

Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

Sc

hedu

led

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Targ

et

Fun

ding

Stu

dy w

heth

er B

uild

ing

Cod

es

Year

1

Min

Pow

er

Min

Pow

er

are

in e

xist

ence

If in

exi

sten

ce, e

nfor

ce a

ll

Year

2-Ye

ar9

M

embe

r Sta

te

aspe

cts

of th

e C

odes

Ens

ure

prop

er a

sses

smen

t Ye

ar2-

Year

3 M

in P

ower

M

in P

ower

m

etho

dolo

gy

Set

and

enf

orce

tim

e fra

me

for

Year

2-Ye

ar4

Min

Pow

er

Min

Pow

er

old

build

ings

to c

ompl

y w

ith

If B

uild

ing

Cod

es a

re n

ot in

Ye

ar2-

Year

4 M

embe

r Sta

te/

Mem

ber S

tate

/

ex

iste

nce,

ado

pt th

e C

odes

Min

Pow

er/ S

EC

M

in P

ower

/

fro

m o

ther

Mem

ber S

tate

s or

S

EC

de

velo

p th

em. T

he S

EC

may

he

lp in

this

rega

rd.

c)

For l

arge

sca

le s

ervi

ce a

nd c

omm

erci

al e

ntiti

es, m

ake

ener

gy a

uditi

ng m

anda

tory

afte

r eve

ry tw

o ye

as

Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

Sc

hedu

led

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Targ

et

Fun

ding

Ass

ess

the

Min

imum

mon

thly

Ye

ar 1

M

in P

ower

M

embe

r Sta

te/

Ene

rgy

cons

umpt

ion

abov

e

Min

Pow

er

whi

ch E

nerg

y A

udit

is to

is to

be

mad

e m

anda

tory

Impo

se m

anda

tory

Ene

rgy

Ye

ar 3

-Yea

r9

Min

Pow

er

Min

Pow

er

Aud

iting

eve

ry tw

o ye

ars

with

as

sess

men

t of f

ollo

w-u

p ac

tions

(B

EE

Eva

luat

ion

form

may

be

use

d)

Eval

uatio

n M

ilest

ones

(li

sted

in th

e pa

rent

hesi

s is

the

Year

that

is

targ

eted

to c

ompl

ete

a pa

rtic

ular

act

ivity

)

Eval

uatio

n M

ilest

ones

(li

sted

in th

e pa

rent

hesi

s is

the

Year

that

is

targ

eted

to c

ompl

ete

a pa

rtic

ular

act

ivity

)

Bui

ldin

g C

odes

Ene

rgy

Aud

iting

i) S

tudy

the

build

ing

code

s fo

r lar

ge

com

mer

cial

ent

ity s

truct

ures

(Yea

r 1)

ii)

If th

ere

are

no b

uild

ing

code

s st

art

deve

lopi

ng o

r ado

pt fr

om a

Mem

ber S

tate

th

roug

h S

EC

(Yea

r 1)

iii)

Mak

e it

man

dato

ry to

abi

de b

y th

e co

des

(Yea

r 2)

iv)

Rev

isit

the

activ

ity fo

r com

plia

nce

(Yea

r 3,

Year

4)

v)

Bui

ldin

g co

des

enfo

rced

(Yea

r 4-Y

ear 9

)

i) S

ee w

heth

er E

A ha

s m

ade

man

dato

ry fo

r la

rge

entit

ies

(Yea

r 1)

ii)

If no

t, ta

ke a

ppro

pria

te a

ctio

ns fo

r the

sam

e (Y

ear 1

)

iii)

Intro

duce

Bi-a

nnua

l EA

(Yea

r 2)

iv)

Rev

isit

the

activ

ity fo

r bet

ter f

eedb

ack

afte

r fo

ur y

ears

(Yea

r 4)

v)

Man

dato

ry E

nerg

y A

udit

cont

inue

s (Y

ear

5-Ye

ar 9

)



d)

Mak

e hi

ring

of E

nerg

y M

anag

ers

man

dato

ry fo

r lar

ge C

omm

erci

al/ S

ervi

ce e

ntiti

es (E

lect

ricity

con

sum

ptio

n >

400

kVA

)

Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

Sc

hedu

led

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Targ

et

Fun

ding

Ass

ess

the

Min

imum

mon

thly

Ye

ar 1

M

in P

ower

in

Pow

er

Ene

rgy

cons

umpt

ion

abov

e

whi

ch h

iring

of E

nerg

y M

anag

er

is to

be

mad

e m

anda

tory

Intro

duce

the

Man

dato

ry h

iring

Ye

ar 3

M

in P

ower

M

in P

ower

of

EM

s as

dec

ided

Ass

ess

whe

ther

ther

e is

a

Year

1-Y

ear2

M

in P

ower

M

in P

ower

sc

hem

e to

trai

n E

nerg

y

Man

ager

s

If no

t ava

ilabl

e, d

evel

op a

Ye

ar3-

Year

5 M

in P

ower

/ SE

C

Min

Pow

er

sche

me

or tr

ain

EM

s in

lead

ing

co

untri

es in

the

Reg

ion.

The

S

EC

may

hel

p in

this

rega

rd.

Eval

uatio

n M

ilest

ones

(li

sted

in th

e pa

rent

hesi

s is

the

Year

that

is

targ

eted

to c

ompl

ete

a pa

rtic

ular

act

ivity

)

Ene

rgy

Man

ager

si)

Stu

dy w

heth

er s

uch

prog

ram

me

is in

ex

iste

nce

(Yea

r 1)

ii)

If no

suc

h pr

ogra

mm

e in

ope

ratio

n de

velo

p on

e (Y

ear 1

)

iii)

If ex

perti

se is

inad

equa

te to

dev

elop

pr

ogra

mm

e se

ek a

ssis

tanc

e fro

m S

EC

(Y

ear 1

-Yea

r 5)

iv)

Defi

ne th

e el

ectri

city

con

sum

ptio

n le

vel

beyo

nd w

hich

EM

hiri

ng is

man

dato

ry

(Yea

r 2)



ENERGY CONSERVATION BY INTRODUCING ALTERNATE SOURCES OF ENERGYChapter 5

It is vital to introduce as much indigenous energy to the national energy mix as possible, so as to reduce the burden of fossil fuel imports and for employment generation. Besides, the alternative energy sources are less polluting and environment friendly. As at this juncture, we are not considering nuclear power and animal power, the remaining alternative energies may be categorized into three groups.

5.1 Renewable Energy

Biomass; Biogas; Geothermal; Hydro power (mini, micro, and pico); Ocean power (Tidal, OTEC, and Wave); Solar based; and Wind energy harnessing are to be considered as renewable sources of Energy in the SAARC region. Normally, renewable energy costs are high compared to those of fossil fuels and traditional large hydro power. Their other disadvantage is that most of the renewable energy sources mentioned above are intermittent in nature or depend on weather pattern. In spite of these shortcomings, it is essential to examine the possibilities for introducing more renewable sources into the national energy mix.

In this context a SWOT analysis was conducted for scanning the environment. Noting the findings of the SWOT analysis and the current trends, a Goal was set to provide 10% of the total electric power generated in 2021 from renewable sources of energy.

Strengths

Commitment of the Leadership Ever rising cost of fossil fuels forces the market to think for alternative sources Availability of Expertise knowledge Experience gained by the Member States Employment generation potential Chances for CDM funding Minimal environmental pollution Step towards Energy independence

Weaknesses

Higher capital cost Higher per unit price of energy generated from renewable Low profile generation Intermittent generation Relatively higher funding requirements Larger Land area requirement Lack of intelligent (socially accepted) approach in promoting renewable energy Inadequate funding for promotion



Poor centralized promotions Poor knowledge of end-user behavior resulted in failures (Biogas, Solar) Lack of proper pricing mechanism for supplying RE based energy to the Grid

Opportunities

Chance of a CDM claim (GHG reduction) Chances of a technology breakthrough Collaborative work for regional experts Sustainably grown forests (Afforestation) Room for co-generation activities (use of grassfire, excess power to the grid, etc.) Employment generation

Threats

Sudden drop of fossil fuels prices will cause a negative impact Accelerated economic growth in Member States may force them to forgo

conservation Heavy international lobby for Coal and Gas High cost Immature technology Improper technology transfer

Goal Setting

The SWOT analysis reveals that the SAARC region has enormous potential for Renewable Energy and its utilization is supported at the top leadership level. Considering all the available information about the potential for renewable energy and the findings of the SWOT analysis, it is proposed to have 10% of total electricity generation from Renewable sources in the region.

Goal: To have a RE share of 10% in the total electricity supplied to the National Grid in SAARC Member States by the Year in terms of 2021.

The following Action Plan has been developed to accomplish the target of achieving the above Goal:



Act

ion

Plan

for E

nerg

y C

onse

rvat

ion

by In

trod

uctio

n of

var

ious

form

s of

Alte

rnat

ive

Ener

gy: R

enew

able

Ene

rgy

GO

AL:

To

have

a R

E s

hare

of 1

0% in

the

tota

l ele

ctric

ity s

uppl

ied

to th

e N

atio

nal G

rid in

SA

AR

C M

embe

r Sta

tes

by th

e Ye

ar in

term

s of

202

1

Prop

osed

Act

ion

Plan

to A

chie

ve th

e

Ant

icip

ated

Con

trib

utio

n

(%)

a)

Ass

essm

ent o

f exi

stin

g P

ower

Gen

erat

ion

Opt

ions

and

pos

sibl

e in

puts

of R

enew

able

Ene

rgy

20

(exc

ludi

ng la

rge

Hyd

ro)

b)

Ado

ptin

g le

gal f

ram

ewor

ks a

nd in

cent

ives

for n

ew p

ower

gen

erat

ions

from

Ren

ewab

le E

nerg

y 80

Tim

e fr

ame

for I

mpl

emen

tatio

n:Ye

ar 1

= 20

13 ;

Year

2 =

201

4; Y

ear 3

= 2

015;

Yea

r 4 =

201

6; Y

ear 5

= 2

017;

Yea

r 6 =

201

8; Y

ear 7

= 2

019;

Yea

r 8 =

202

0; Y

ear 9

= 2

021

a)

Ass

essm

ent o

f exi

stin

g Po

wer

Gen

erat

ion

Opt

ions

and

pos

sibl

e in

puts

of R

enew

able

Ene

rgy

Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

Sc

hedu

led

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Targ

et

Fun

ding

Ass

essm

ent o

f pos

sibl

e in

puts

Ye

ar 1

M

in P

ower

M

in P

ower

to

Nat

iona

l Grid

from

New

R

enew

able

(exc

ludi

ng L

arge

hy

dro

pow

er)

Feas

ibili

ty s

tudi

es to

ach

ieve

Ye

ar1-

Year

2

Min

Pow

er

Min

Pow

er

the

targ

et

Com

pone

nt W

eigh

tage

GD

P gr

owth

of t

he re

gion

is in

the

rang

e of

5%

-9%

p.a

. Acc

ordi

ngly

th

e po

wer

gen

erat

ion

is e

xpec

ted

to e

xpan

d by

7%

-12%

ann

ually

. To

achi

eve

the

set t

arge

t sup

porti

ng

sche

mes

for R

E b

ased

pow

er

gene

ratio

n ha

s to

be

radi

cally

in

trodu

ced.

Eval

uatio

n M

ilest

ones

(li

sted

in th

e pa

rent

hesi

s is

the

Year

that

is

targ

eted

to c

ompl

ete

a pa

rtic

ular

act

ivity

)

Sto

ckta

king

i) E

xist

ing

Pow

er G

ener

atio

n op

tions

as

sess

ed (y

ear1

)

ii)

Fuel

sw

itchi

ng o

ptio

ns to

war

ds R

E a

re

cons

ider

ed (y

ear1

)

iii)

The

new

RE

opt

ions

are

ado

pted

(with

out

com

prom

isin

g po

wer

sys

tem

relia

bilit

y)

(yea

r2)



a)

Ado

ptin

g le

gal f

ram

ewor

ks a

nd in

cent

ives

to s

uppo

rt th

e ta

rget

Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

Sc

hedu

led

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Targ

et

Fun

ding

Intro

duce

ince

ntiv

es fo

r Priv

ate

Ye

ar 1

-Yea

r 2

Min

Pow

er

Mem

ber S

tate

,

se

ctor

’s ‘R

enew

able

Ene

rgy

M

in P

ower

ba

sed

Pow

er G

ener

atio

n

Intro

duce

ince

ntiv

es fo

r Ye

ar 1

-Yea

r 9

Min

Pow

er

Mem

ber S

tate

,

su

bstit

utin

g fo

ssil

fuel

s in

M

in P

ower

In

dust

ry/ S

ervi

ces

by

sust

aina

ble

rene

wab

le e

nerg

y

Intro

duce

net

met

erin

g fa

cilit

ies

Ye

ar 2

-Yea

r 9

Min

Pow

er

Min

Pow

er

for l

arge

sca

le in

dust

ries

Intro

duce

“Gre

en P

ower

Ye

ar 3

M

in P

ower

M

in P

ower

P

urch

asin

g” fa

cilit

ies

to

conc

erne

d co

nsum

ers

Eval

uatio

n M

ilest

ones

(li

sted

in th

e pa

rent

hesi

s is

the

Year

that

is

targ

eted

to c

ompl

ete

a pa

rtic

ular

act

ivity

)

Ince

ntiv

esv)

D

evel

op p

olic

ies

so in

tens

ives

for

sust

aina

ble

Gre

en P

ower

gen

erat

ion

are

lega

lized

(yea

r1)

vi)

Intro

duce

fuel

sub

stitu

tion

and

fuel

sw

itchi

ng in

cent

ives

(yea

r2)

vii)

Intro

duce

net

met

erin

g at

the

cons

umer

le

vel a

nd G

reen

Pow

er P

urch

asin

g fa

cilit

y (y

ear2

)

viii)

Sch

eme

that

faci

litat

es c

once

rned

co

nsum

ers

purc

hase

gre

en s

usta

inab

le

pow

er in

trodu

ced

(yea

r3)



5.2 Bio-Fuels

The SARRC region has enormous potential for bio-fuels. Bio-fuels are produced from food crops such as Corn, Cassava, Soy gum, Soybean, Rice, Sugar cane, etc. Biomass based bio-fuel production is still in the experimental stage. Jatropha seeds, Rubber seeds, Turpentine latex, Algae are other forms of feedstock for bio-fuel production. Algae based feedstock is the most promising feedstock that does not compromise with food supply chain as well as not demand additional land use or water use. Therefore, it seems to be the Champion beside Cellulose based bio-fuel production.

The SWOT analysis done for scanning the environment to assess the success of promotion of Bio-fuels

Strengths

Expertise knowledge in the region Chance of availing CDM benefits Commitment of the Leadership Ever rising cost of fossil fuels forces the market

Weaknesses

End user behavior (reluctance to change) Lack of intelligent (socially accepted) approach Inadequate funding for promotion Centralized promotion has not worked Lack of proper pricing mechanism for Bio-fuels Competition from other cash crops (land is limited) Technology at primitive stage

Opportunities

Chance for a CDM claim (GHG reduction) Chance for a technology breakthrough Reduce deforestation (in some areas), Climate change and loss of biodiversity Sustainably grown forests (Afforestation) Employment generation Convert barren lands to usable land

Threats

Sudden drop of fossil fuels prices will cause a negative impact Accelerated economic growth in Member States may force to forgo conservation Heavy international lobby for Coal and Gas



Goal Setting

Considering all the macro-level and micro-level issues pertaining to the promotion of Bio-fuels and their use in the region and the findings of the SWOT analysis, a target of having 10% of the total transport energy requirements in the region in the Year 2021 met by Bio-fuels is set.

Goal: To meet 10% of total transport fuel by bio-fuels by the Year 2021 in real terms and adopt other fuel shifting options to minimize the import of fossil fuels.




Act

ion

Plan

for E

nerg

y C

onse

rvat

ion

by In

trod

uctio

n of

Alte

rnat

ive

Ener

gy: B

io-fu

els

GO

AL:

To

mee

t 10%

of t

otal

tran

spor

t fue

l by

bio-

fuel

s by

the

Year

202

1 an

d ad

opt o

ther

fuel

shi

fting

opt

ions

for u

se o

f Bio

-fuel

s in

oth

er s

ecto

rs s

o to

min

imiz

e th

e us

e of

foss

ils fu

els

Prop

osed

Act

ion

Plan

to A

chie

ve th

e

Ant

icip

ated

Con

trib

utio

n

(%)

a)

Ass

essm

ent o

f the

Cou

ntry

’s B

io-fu

el p

oten

tial

5

b)

Stu

dy w

ays

to im

prov

e th

e pr

oduc

tion

10

c)

Und

erta

ke P

olic

y de

velo

pmen

t and

intro

duce

legi

slat

ions

to s

uppo

rt B

io-fu

el p

rogr

amm

e 85

Tim

e fr

ame

for I

mpl

emen

tatio

n:Ye

ar 1

= 20

13 ;

Year

2 =

201

4; Y

ear 3

= 2

015;

Yea

r 4 =

201

6; Y

ear 5

= 2

017;

Yea

r 6 =

201

8; Y

ear 7

= 2

019;

Yea

r 8 =

202

0; Y

ear 9

= 2

021

a)

Ass

essm

ent o

f Cou

ntry

’s B

io-F

uels

pot

entia

l

Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

Sc

hedu

led

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Targ

et

Fun

ding

Ass

essm

ent o

f pos

sibl

e in

puts

Ye

ar 1

M

in P

ower

M

in P

ower

to

Nat

iona

l Grid

from

New

R

enew

able

(exc

ludi

ng L

arge

hy

dro

pow

er)

Feas

ibili

ty s

tudi

es to

ach

ieve

Ye

ar1-

Year

2

Min

Pow

er

Min

Pow

er

the

targ

et

Com

pone

nt W

eigh

tage

GD

P gr

owth

of t

he re

gion

is in

the

rang

e of

5%

-9%

p.a

. Acc

ordi

ngly

th

e po

wer

gen

erat

ion

is e

xpec

ted

to e

xpan

d by

7%

-12%

ann

ually

. To

achi

eve

the

set t

arge

t sup

porti

ng

sche

mes

for R

E b

ased

pow

er

gene

ratio

n ha

s to

be

radi

cally

in

trodu

ced.

Eval

uatio

n M

ilest

ones

(li

sted

in th

e pa

rent

hesi

s is

the

Year

that

is

targ

eted

to c

ompl

ete

a pa

rtic

ular

act

ivity

)

Bio

-fuel

s S

tock

taki

ngi)

Tota

l Bio

-fuel

s pr

oduc

tion

at th

e cu

rren

t st

age

is a

sses

sed

(yea

r1)

ii)

Tota

l pro

duct

ion

pote

ntia

l fro

m a

ll th

e fe

edst

ock

is e

valu

ated

(yea

r1)

iii)

Feas

ibili

ty S

tudy

in p

rodu

ctio

n, s

ale,

and

ut

iliza

tion

is c

ondu

cted

(ass

umin

g th

e ta

rget

as

max

imum

pot

entia

l) (y

ear2

)



a)

Stud

y w

ays

to im

prov

e th

e pr

oduc

tion

Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

Sc

hedu

led

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Targ

et

Fun

ding

Und

erta

ke s

tudi

es a

s to

how

Ye

ar 1

-Yea

r 2

Min

Pow

er,

Min

Sci

ence

&

othe

r cou

ntrie

s ha

ve s

ucce

eded

Agr

icul

ture

T

echn

olog

y

Rec

omm

end

new

app

roac

hes

Year

1-Y

ear 2

M

in P

ower

, M

in S

cien

ce &

A

gric

ultu

re

Tec

hnol

ogy

Ana

lyze

ant

icip

ated

road

bloc

ks

Year

1-Y

ear 2

M

in S

cien

ce &

M

in S

cien

ce &

Te

chno

logy

T

echn

olog

y

Eva

luat

e re

med

ial a

ctio

ns

Year

1-Y

ear 2

M

in S

cien

ce &

M

in S

cien

ce &

Te

chno

logy

Te

chno

logy

,

Pet

role

um

Pro

pose

way

out

and

sta

rt

Year

3-Y

ear 9

M

in S

cien

ce &

M

in P

ower

pr

omot

ion

Tech

nolo

gy,

Pow

er

Eval

uatio

n M

ilest

ones

(li

sted

in th

e pa

rent

hesi

s is

the

Year

that

is

targ

eted

to c

ompl

ete

a pa

rtic

ular

act

ivity

)

Impr

ove

Bio

-fuel

s pr

oduc

tion

ix)

Sur

vey

of le

adin

g co

untri

es’ s

ucce

ss

stor

ies

(yea

r 1)

x)

Eva

luat

e su

itabi

lity

of id

entifi

ed s

ucce

ss

stor

ies’

for r

eplic

atio

n in

loca

l con

ditio

ns

(yea

r 2)

xi)

Bas

ed o

n su

cces

s st

orie

s an

d lo

cal

know

ledg

e pr

opos

e ne

w a

ppro

ache

s (y

ear2

)

xii)

Eva

luat

e an

ticip

ated

road

bloc

ks (y

ear 2

)

xiii)

Pro

pose

rem

edia

l act

ions

to a

void

road

-bl

ocks

(yea

r 3)

xiv)

Sta

rt pr

omot

ion

at G

rand

Sca

le (y

ear3

-ye

ar 9

)



LEGISLATIVE MEASURES AND CAPACITY BUILDINGChapter 6

It is well known that several countries in the world as well as some SAARC Member States have achieved significant energy savings by simply introducing Energy Policies and various regulations. Thus this important aspect of the area of concern also needs to be properly addressed. It has two major components viz. Legal frameworks cum Policies, and Capacity building.

6.1 Introduction and Implementation of Legal Frameworks and Policies

As usual, the policies adopted and legal frameworks developed in the Member States in this regard are not comparable. Some Member States have adopted Energy Policies, Acts to conserve Energy, and have gone to the extent of adopting Bio-fuel policies, whereas some other Member States have not even embarked on the development of National Energy Policies. In order to discuss the way forward in the SAARC region, the usual SWOT analysis was conducted.

Strengths

Expertise/knowledge available in the region

Some Member States have demonstrated how policy changes can promote energy conservation in a big way

Other Member States can adopt such policies and initiatives with suitable modifications

Weaknesses

Uneven development among Member States

Acceptance and implementation of policies by the key stakeholders

Lack of Institutional arrangements for implementation

Opportunities

Collaborative work for regional experts

Huge indirect impact on Energy Conservation

Threats

Accelerated economic growth in Member States may force them to forgo energy conservation specific to this goal



Goal Setting

Though the SWOT has given a gloomy picture, there is a chance that the region will be able to reduce its energy consumption by introducing legal frameworks. Thus a goal has been set for all the Member States to bring them to comparable situation.

GOAL: National Energy Policies, Energy Conservation Acts, Mandatory Labeling Programmes, and Mandatory Hiring of EMs are in place by end of 2021

The following Action Plan was developed with various components, considering the regional situation:



Act

ion

Plan

for E

nerg

y C

onse

rvat

ion

by In

trod

uctio

n of

Leg

isla

tions

and

thro

ugh

Cap

acity

Bui

ldin

gs:

Intr

oduc

tion

and

Impl

emen

tatio

n of

Leg

al F

ram

ewor

ks

GO

AL:

Nat

iona

l Ene

rgy

Pol

icie

s, E

nerg

y C

onse

rvat

ion

Act

s, M

anda

tory

Lab

elin

g P

rogr

amm

es, m

anda

tory

Hiri

ng o

f EM

s ar

e in

pla

ce b

y en

d of

202

1

Prop

osed

Act

ion

Plan

to A

chie

ve th

e se

t Goa

l A

ntic

ipat

ed

C

ontr

ibut

ion,

%

a)

Ass

essm

ent o

f exi

stin

g en

ergy

rela

ted

regu

latio

ns

40

b)

Und

erta

ke p

repa

ratio

n of

law

s an

d ac

ts if

they

are

not

in p

lace

(Lea

ding

Sta

tes

in th

e re

gion

30

may

hel

p)

c)

Und

erta

ke in

trodu

ctio

n of

Man

dato

ry L

abel

ing

Pro

gram

mes

, Hiri

ng o

f EM

s, a

nd M

anda

tory

30

Ene

rgy

Aud

iting

Tim

e fr

ame

for I

mpl

emen

tatio

n:Ye

ar 1

= 20

13 ;

Year

2 =

201

4; Y

ear 3

= 2

015;

Yea

r 4 =

201

6; Y

ear 5

= 2

017;

Yea

r 6 =

201

8; Y

ear 7

= 2

019;

Yea

r 8 =

202

0; Y

ear 9

= 2

021

a)

Ass

essm

ent o

f exi

stin

g en

ergy

rela

ted

regu

latio

ns

Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

Sc

hedu

led

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Targ

et

Fun

ding

Rev

iew

all

Ene

rgy

rela

ted

lega

l Ye

ar 1

M

in P

ower

/ M

in P

ower

do

cum

ents

/pol

icie

s

AG

Offi

ce

Und

erta

ke a

gap

ana

lysi

s Ye

ar 1

-Yea

r 2

Min

Pow

er

Min

Pow

er

Iden

tify

lega

l vac

uum

s an

d

Year

2-Y

ear 3

M

in P

ower

M

in P

ower

/

pr

opos

e re

med

ial m

easu

res

AG

Offi

ce

Com

pone

nt W

eigh

tage

Reg

ulat

ion

and

Pol

icy

chan

ges

are

enab

lers

to im

plem

ent t

he s

trate

gic

plan

s an

d pr

ogra

ms

of n

atio

nal

impo

rtanc

e. T

here

fore

, pra

ctic

ally

all

the

com

pone

nts

cont

ribut

es e

qual

ly

Eval

uatio

n M

ilest

ones

(li

sted

in th

e pa

rent

hesi

s is

the

Year

that

is

targ

eted

to c

ompl

ete

a pa

rtic

ular

act

ivity

)

Situ

atio

n A

naly

sis

i) S

tudy

all

the

lega

l doc

umen

ts re

latin

g to

E

nerg

y P

rodu

ctio

n, tr

ansp

orta

tion,

and

U

se (Y

ear 1

)

ii)

Iden

tify

over

lapp

ing

and

Gap

s if

any

(Y

ear 2

)

iii)

Pro

pose

mea

sure

s to

add

ress

ove

rlapp

ing

and

Gap

s (Y

ear 3

)



b)

Und

erta

ke p

repa

ratio

n of

law

s an

d ac

ts if

they

are

not

in p

lace

Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

Sc

hedu

led

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Targ

et

Fun

ding

Iden

tify

lega

l req

uire

men

ts to

Ye

ar 1

-Yea

r2

Min

Pow

er/

Min

Pow

er

enco

urag

e an

d en

forc

e en

ergy

AG

Offi

ce

cons

erva

tion

Con

side

r fea

sibi

lity

of d

rafti

ng

Year

2

Min

Pow

er/

Min

Pow

er

them

with

ow

n re

sour

ces

AG

Offi

ce

If un

able

, see

k as

sist

ance

Ye

ar 2

M

in P

ower

/ M

in P

ower

fro

m S

EC

AG

Offi

ce

Fina

lize

the

lega

l fra

mew

orks

Ye

ar 3

-Yea

r 9

Min

Pow

er/

Min

Pow

er

AG

Offi

ce

c)

Und

erta

ke in

trod

uctio

n of

Man

dato

ry L

abel

ing

Prog

ram

mes

, and

Hiri

ng o

f EM

s an

d En

ergy

Aud

itors

Ass

ess

the

curr

ent s

ituat

ion

Year

1

Min

Pow

er

Min

Pow

er

Iden

tify

whi

ch m

anda

tory

EC

Ye

ar 1

-Yea

r 2

Min

Pow

er

Min

Pow

er

prog

ram

mes

are

nee

ded

to

be in

trodu

ce

Con

side

r fea

sibi

lity

of

Year

2

Min

Pow

er/

Min

Pow

er/

draf

ting

them

with

ow

n

A

G O

ffice

A

G O

ffice

re

sour

ces

If un

able

, see

k as

sist

ance

Ye

ar 2

M

in P

ower

/ M

in P

ower

fro

m S

EC

SE

C

Eval

uatio

n M

ilest

ones

(li

sted

in th

e pa

rent

hesi

s is

the

Year

that

is

targ

eted

to c

ompl

ete

a pa

rtic

ular

act

ivity

)

Lega

l Asp

ects

Man

dato

ry

Pro

gram

mes

i) B

ased

on

abov

e re

sults

ass

ign

a dr

aftin

g te

am (Y

ear 3

)

ii)

If lo

cal r

esou

rces

is n

ot a

dequ

ate

seek

S

EC

hel

p (Y

ear 2

)

iii)

Ado

pt th

e le

gal f

ram

ewor

k (Y

ear 3

)

iv)

Impl

emen

t and

follo

w u

p (Y

ear 4

- Yea

r 9)

i) E

xcis

ing

ener

gy la

belin

g pr

ogra

mm

es

asse

ssed

(Yea

r 1)

ii)

If La

belin

g is

in e

xist

ence

Iden

tify

how

to

expa

nd (Y

ear 2

)

iii)

If La

belin

g is

not

ther

e, c

onsi

der

deve

lopi

ng p

rogr

amm

es (Y

ear 1

)

iv)

If ex

perti

se is

not

ava

ilabl

e se

ek a

ssis

tanc

e fro

m S

EC

(Yea

r 2)



6.2 Introduction and Implementation of Capacity Building Activities

As in other sectors, capacity building is vital for efficient management of the energy sector. Energy conservation being a relatively new component in the process of energy sector management, there are not many professional with requisite knowledge and experience to support the various initiative required to support and implement energy conservation initiatives. However, some of the member states have taken the lead in the various aspects of this segment of energy sector management and have moved ahead with significant benefits. For example, capacity building for Energy Auditing is targeted to train professionals to conduct energy audit to identify misuses and wastage of energy. Similarly, capacity building in Energy Management leads to sustainable utilization of the recommendations made during the auditing process. When the situation within the region is analysed, it is seen that, while some Member States have programmes to train Energy Auditors and Energy Managers with Certification, some others do not even have qualified Energy Auditors or Managers.

In this context the SWOT analysis shows the ways for developing the capacities

Strengths

Well established systems are in place in some Member States Training facilities to train professionals and workers already operational in some

member countries Media sensitive population

Weaknesses

Low affordability (Costly undertaking) Impact is not felt immediately

Opportunities

Opportunity for exchange of experiences among Member States Opportunity to save between 10%-20% of total energy consumed in households

through capacity building and awareness creation

Threats

Migration of workforce (internal and external) hampers utilization of learned techniques

Goal Setting

Based on the available information and the findings of the SWOT analysis, a target is set for Member States to embark on Capacity building activities

GOAL: Embark on Capacity building activities to produce Certified Energy Managers and Energy Auditors by 2021.




Act

ion

Plan

for E

nerg

y C

onse

rvat

ion

by In

trod

uctio

n of

Leg

isla

tions

and

Cap

acity

Bui

ldin

g:

Intr

oduc

tion

and

Impl

emen

tatio

n of

Cap

acity

Bui

ldin

g A

ctiv

ities

GO

AL:

Mem

ber S

tate

s em

bark

on

Cap

acity

bui

ldin

g ac

tiviti

es to

pro

duce

Cer

tified

Ene

rgy

Man

ager

s an

d E

nerg

y A

udito

rs b

y 20

21

Pro

pose

d A

ctio

n P

lan

to A

chie

ve th

e se

t Goa

l A

ntic

ipat

ed

C

ontri

butio

n

(%)

a)

Ass

essm

ent o

f the

nee

d fo

r EC

cap

acity

bui

ldin

g ac

tiviti

es w

ithin

the

Cou

ntry

20

b)

Ass

essm

ent (

Gap

Ana

lysi

s) o

f exi

stin

g E

C c

apac

ity b

uild

ing

activ

ities

and

brid

ge th

e ga

ps

40

c)

Und

erta

ke m

easu

res

tow

ards

cap

acity

bui

ldin

g fo

r brid

ging

the

Gap

s, u

tilis

ing

own

expe

rtise

40

Tim

e fr

ame

for I

mpl

emen

tatio

n:Ye

ar 1

= 20

13 ;

Year

2 =

201

4; Y

ear 3

= 2

015;

Yea

r 4 =

201

6; Y

ear 5

= 2

017;

Yea

r 6 =

201

8; Y

ear 7

= 2

019;

Yea

r 8 =

202

0; Y

ear 9

= 2

021

a)

Ass

essm

ent o

f the

nee

d fo

r EC

capa

city

bui

ldin

g ac

tiviti

es

Mai

n C

ompo

nent

s D

etai

led

Act

ions

Sc

hedu

led

R

esou

rce/

R

espo

nsib

ility

Targ

et

Fun

ding

Ass

essm

ent o

f the

nee

ds fo

r Ye

ar 1

M

in P

ower

S

EC

E

Ms

and

EA

s fo

r the

E

cono

mie

s of

the

Mem

ber

Sta

tes

Iden

tify

the

need

to e

mpl

oy

Year

1

Min

Pow

er,

Min

Pow

er

EM

s, E

As,

and

Tec

hnic

ians

Sci

ence

&

Tech

nolo

gy

Ass

essm

ent o

f the

ava

ilabi

lity

Ye

ar 1

-Yea

r 2

Min

Pow

er

Min

Pow

er

of E

Ms,

EA

s, a

nd T

echn

icia

ns

Com

pone

nt W

eigh

tage

Reg

ulat

ion

and

Pol

icy

chan

ges

are

enab

lers

to im

plem

ent t

he s

trate

gic

plan

s an

d pr

ogra

ms

of n

atio

nal

impo

rtanc

e. T

here

fore

, pra

ctic

ally

all

the

com

pone

nts

cont

ribut

e eq

ually

.

Eval

uatio

n M

ilest

ones

(li

sted

in th

e pa

rent

hesi

s is

the

Year

that

is

targ

eted

to c

ompl

ete

a pa

rtic

ular

act

ivity

)

Nee

d as

sess

men

ti)

The

impa

ct o

f EA

and

hirin

g of

EM

are

as

sess

ed (Y

ear 1

)

ii)

If fo

und

esse

ntia

l ide

ntify

leve

ls w

here

the

EA

and

EM

ser

vice

nee

ded

(Yea

r 1)

iii)

Sur

vey

on a

vaila

ble

EM

s an

d E

As

with

in

the

coun

try (Y

ear 1

)

iv)

Iden

tify

the

shor

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CONCLUSIONChapter 7

In order to maximize benefits of energy conservation the entire energy supply chain management concept was applied. A comprehensive approach for energy conservation is thus proposed in this Action Plan. The Action Plan identifies the following key areas for Energy Conservation:

Energy production and generation Transmission and transportation End-use level Renewable and alternative energy Legislations and capacity building

A generalized SWOT analysis was applied on key areas, goals setting for them, local targets were developed based on global experiences, time bound evaluation milestones were identified, balanced score card (BSC) technique is proposed for progress evaluation.

The Action Plan is developed with a vision that proposed Energy Conservation Activities will take place within the time frame of 10 years, i.e. 2012 to 2021

Sectoral Action Plans were developed on the basis n the SWOT analysis. Evaluation of main focus areas and their sub-sections provided the energy conservation potential. The Action Plan proposes energy conservation targets for 2021 for the following Action Areas:

Action Area Proposed Targets

Power Generation Increase in efficiency by 2%

Fossil Fuel Mining Decrease waste by 25%

Electricity Transmission Reduce technical losses by 80%

Fossil Fuel Transportation Reduce waste by 50%

Transport Sector Reduce fuel consumption by 10%

Household Sector Reduce energy consumption by 15%

Industrial Sector (Incl. Agriculture) Reduce consumption by 15%

Large Commercial and Service Reduce energy consumption by 15%

Renewable Energies RE share in power supply 10%

Bio-Fuels Share in transport fuel 10%

Legal Frameworks Policies, Laws, Labeling Programmes

Capacity Building Certified Energy Mangers/Auditors



The SAARC Energy Centre hopes that this effort will be a positive step to improve energy security as this least cost option will increase energy supplies while at the same time it will contribute towards environment protection.

ANNEXURES



SEC FORMAT FOR COLLECTING INPUTSAnnexure I

The SEC prepared this format for collecting inputs from the Member States, and some Member States have responded to the SEC.

1. National policies and legislative frameworks relating to energy efficiency and conservation to benefit from mutual experiences for formulating and/or improving their respective policy/legislative environment.

2. Identification of relevant institutions and their activities for capacity building and promotion of energy efficiency in the country.

3. Experiences, expertise and best available practices especially in industries, buildings, power, transport and agriculture sectors for sharing with other Member States.

4. Status of development of standards, labeling program, testing procedures to promote energy efficiency of energy consuming equipment and appliances.

5. Information on programs launched for creating awareness, training and education, and outreach to promote energy management and conservation in all sectors of economy.

6. Proposal for programs and projects on energy conservation and efficiency for regional cooperation.

7. Information on public-private partnership in implementing energy conservation and efficiency practices.

8. Data for Energy Conservation Directory (listing sector specific energy efficient technologies adopted, and best practices followed).

9. SAARC Energy Centre has included a page on energy conservation and energy efficiency in the SAARC Energy Centre’s website (www.saarcenergy.org), Member States may contribute by providing information on the subject for uploading the website.

10. Availability of trainings for capacity building of Energy Managers and Energy Auditors including Certification Examination.

11. Information on:

o Best management models and practices to promote energy efficiency

o Energy efficient technologies

o Energy audit methodologies

o Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) concept and practice, success and failures

12. Any other information which Member State may like to share for preparation of an Action Plan.



FORMAT DEVELOPED BY THE BEE, INDIA TO EVALUATE EE PERFORMANCES IN

ESTABLISHMENTS

Annexure II

Draft Format for preparation of Energy Conservation DirectoryEnergy Conservation Measure Implemented in 2009-10

ID to be filled by SAARC Member Country Title of the measure Sector

Year: 2009-10 Technology

Description of the energy conservation measure:

Picture/sketch/drawing before modification Picture/sketch/drawing after modification (if available)

Agency that executed the project (with complete address and email):

Total investment, Rs. Year of implementation:

First Year energy cost, Rs.

First Year other saving, Rs.

On Annual basis OTHERS

Energy consumption before

Energy consumption after

Energy tariff, Rs/kWh/Tones/Nm3/kh

Plant/Establishment complete address:

Contract person who could be contacted for more information:

(To be filled up separately for each Energy Conservation Measure Implemented)

We authorize______________ to use this information for dissemination

Signature: ________________

Date :____________________



REFERENCE LITERATUREAnnexure III

1. http://www.netl.doe.gov/energy- analyses/pubs/ NETL%20Power%20Plant% 20 Efficiency%20Workshop%20Report%20Final.pdf,

2. http://www.worldcoal.org/coal-the-environment/coal-use-the-environment/improving-efficiencies/,

3. http://www.siemens.com/press/en/pressrelease/?press=/en/pressrelease/2011/fossil_power_generation/efp201105064.htm,

4. http://web.mit.edu/mitei/docs/reports/beer-emissions.pdf ,

5. http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/resource/docs/coalfired.pdf ,

6. http://www.energy.siemens.com/co/pool/hq/power-generation/power-plants/steam-power-plant-solutions/coal-fired-power-plants/Luenen.pdf,

7. ftp://ftp.euro-cleancoal.net/pub/pdf/j2phase2/chap5.pdf .

8. http://planningcommission.nic.in/sectors/index.php?sectors=energy

9. http://www.tititudorancea.com/z/ies_india_total_oil_petroleum_products_consumption.htm

10. http://www.energy.gov.lk

11. http://www.powermin.nic.in/whats_new/pdf/ENERGY%20MARKETS%20&%20TECHNOLOGIES-REVISED1.pdf

12. http://www.pppinindia.com/pdf/ppp_position_paper_power_122k9.pdf

13. http://www.powergridindia.com/PGCIL_NEW/home.aspx

14. http://www.powergridindia.com/PGCIL_NEW/Files/AnnualReport2010-11.pdf

15. http://www.bpdb.gov.bd

16. http://www.aepc.gov.np/

17. http://www.afghaneic.org/

18. www.mhe.gov.mv/

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