S6.5 Sustainable Intensification of Maize Legume cropping systems for food security in Eastern and...
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Transcript of S6.5 Sustainable Intensification of Maize Legume cropping systems for food security in Eastern and...
Sustainable Intensification of Maize Legume cropping
systems for food security in Eastern and Southern Africa
SIMLESA : Initial Experiences and
Lessons to Asia
Geographic focus Ethiopia Kenya Malawi Mozambique South Africa Tanzania
Mulugetta Mekuria, Shiferaw B, Prasanna B.M, Rodriguez D and
Dixon J
Problem setting Why SIMLESA and Origins of Program idea
• Persistent hunger & poverty in east and southern Africa
* droughts and famine; food (price) crisis; global financial
crisis (GFC)
• History of Australian contributions to global food security since
the middle of the last century: establishment of FAO; and
ongoing support to establishment of CGIAR; and ongoing
support
• During 2008 additional budget allocations sought for specific
food security programs in Asia and Africa (including one
part focused on maize-legume systems )
• consultations and scoping studies to initiate a food security
initiative in ESA- Hence SIMLESA in March 2010
Clusters of food insecurity SIMLESA Countries
http://apsrunet.apsim.info/simlesa/
Potgieter, Davis and Rodriguez, 2010
Low productivity of maize-legume cropping systems
Lack of functioning input and output value chains
Poor availability of improved seeds
Scarce agricultural research capacity
Why are we where we are?
Dual Challenge to SSA
To double food production, and significantly increase incomes and livelihood opportunities, while
• Ensuring resilience and sustainability of farming systems on essentially the same land area,
• Adapting to climate change and the increases in costs of fertilizer, water, and labor.
SIMLESA goes right to the heart of this challenge
Vision of Success
• To increase maize and legume yields by 30% for benefitting farmers
– through improved maize and legume varieties and associated management practices,
– with adoption enabled and motivated through the development of markets and value chains, from input supplies to output markets.
• To reduce downside yield risks by 30% To benefit 500,000 farm households within 10 years.
More productive, resilient and sustainable
smallholder maize-legume practices,
tactics and strategies
SIMLESA aims at increasing farm-household food security and productivity, in the context of climate risk and change, through the development of more resilient, profitable and sustainable
maize-legume farming systems
Mainstreaming Gender, M&E , Spill overs, Scaling out
and capacity building
Socio-economic characterization
Input and output
value chain
Whole farm resource allocations
Improved range of maize and legume varieties available for smallholders
30% increase in maize and legume yields and 30% reduction in risk 500,000 households over the next 10 years
3 Is
INTEGRATION (SYSTEMS) INNOVATION PLATFORMS IMPACT ORIENTATION
Farmer-to-farmer exchanges SIMLESA, 2010
Baseline surveys, and SE studies
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Arumeru Karatu Hanang
Reported Farmers' Sources of Income
other
craft
petty trade
beer brewing
self-employment
remittance
hiring-out labour
livestock sales
vegetable sales
crop sales
Farming systems modelling
Researcher and extension training
Researcher managed trials
On-farm trials Farmer-
managed trials
Farmers experimenting
Community awareness meetings
Governance and Organization
Project Steering Committee
Project Management: CIMMYT
EIAR Ethiopia
KARI Kenya
MoAMalawi
IIAM Mozambi
q
MoATanzania
ASARECA CIMMYT
ICRISAT-TL2
Australian Partners
South African Partners
Objective 1: Major achievements-2010
Household baseline survey • Baseline survey completed in all the five countries and on-going in Malawi
• Interviewed 4600 farm households randomly selected
• 29 districts located in two agro-ecological zones and maize-pigeon pea, maize-beans, and maize-groundnuts , maize-soya beans cropping system
• More than 580 villages
• Community survey data collected from these villages
Achievements in Objective 2 (CA) • Ethiopia: Second season 2011/2012 progressing vey
Field days ongoing
• Kenya and Tanzania Season two crops mid season stage-Field days being organized
• Malawi and Mozambique-First Season results reported
Field Day –Hawassa –Ethiopia 16 August 2011
Objective 2: Establishment of on-farm exploratory trials by farmers
Country Farmer groups # of Exploratory trials
Ethiopia 12 58
Kenya 8 48
Tanzania 8 48
Malawi 6 36
Mozambique 6 36
Total 40 226
Australian partners contributions
• Innovative relay & intercrop cropping systems tested for Queensland
• Stress characterisation for Queensland • Capacity building
• APSIM Training • NARS trained on BNF
• African graduate student supervision at
Australian universities
• Support publications
Achievements in Objective 2 (CA) :
Field Visit Kenya 16 June
Ethiopia Kenya Malawi Mozambique Tanzania
Hybrids BH661 BH543
KH500-39E KDH3 WH105 KH500Q KH631Q H624 H520 KH533A KM0406
MH26 MH27
CZH0511 Olipa
Selian H308 Selian H208 SAH779 SAH638 SAH636
OPVs Melkassa 2 Melkassa 6Q Gibe 2 Gibe 3
KDV1 Embu Synth KKSynth2 WS303 KM0403
ZM523 ZM623 ZM309 ZM721
ZM523 Tsangano Chinaca
SA523 SA525
Identification of pre-release (within NVMTs) or newly released hybrids and OPVs with potential suitability for the targeted farming system
Objective 03
Farmers’ assessment of newly released and pre-released maize varieties
• Assessment was done for newly released varieties, pre-released varieties, and farmer maize varieties
• Evaluation involves socio-economists, maize breeders and agronomists in collaboration with farmers and extension staff
Capacity building
• Graduate level training/scholarships -AusAID and ACIAR – 5 PhD enrolled in 2011 in Austrian Universities
– 30+Msc,3 PhDs registered in local Universities
– 2012 Candidates being selected
• Specific short term training in
– CA Principles for research ,extension, NGO,staff and farmers
– socio economics, M&E, Impact assessment for NARS
– breeding and seed systems
– Gender Mainstreaming; APSIM
For SIMLESA to succeed, it must align with realistic
value chains
• Seed supply
• Fertilizer supply
• Equipment for CA based technologies
• Postharvest technologies
• Insurance providers
• Price information providers
• Traders and processors …
Do you know them? Are the appropriate providers involved?
For SIMLESA to succeed, it must draw on
appropriate component technologies
• CA based practices
• Drought tolerant maize
• More productive legume varieties
• Postharvest technologies
• Improved integration of livestock options
• Cell-phone managed insurance approaches
The Challenge:
How do we combine them so they optimize food security, incomes, resilience and sustainability?
What are we targeting?
– Farms that strongly base their food and income
security on maize and legumes
What do we do? –
Interventions that maximize farm-level productivity,
income, resilience and sustainability in these farming
systems, based on farmers own resources and long
realistic value chains.
How do we work? – Innovation systems approach which
means strong partnership with relevant actors
Looking at the bigger picture:
African Maize systems are different than Asian Systems
“In east Asia, if you invent an improved rice variety, every farmer for hundreds of
miles around can use it because the land and climate are much the same. In Africa, soil and climatic conditions are much more diverse and farmers a few hundred yards apart may need different seeds.” Larson, World Bank on The Economist Feb 24 issue
2011
The African maize system
• Maize is a major staple food
• Characterized by mostly uni- modal rainfall
• Maize- legume intercropping and rotation is common system
• Production of single crop per year.
• Small scale irrigation development is at stage of infancy
• Average yields less than 3t/ha,
• Seeds and fertilizer access and availability is a major constraint
• Maize-legume intercropping system with maize as main crop
clearly revealed the yield advantages (over sole maize cropping) as
well as soil nitrogen enrichment
• Maize dominated cropping systems were found in the mountain
and hill regions of Nepal, whereas paddy dominated the cropping
system in the plain (terai) region
• The drivers of Asian maize production systems are the increased
demand for maize for feed
• system is most dynamic in the low land rice based systems(Gulati
and Dixon, 2008) where rice is the cultural crop as maize is for
Africa.
• . Research undertaken in some of the Asian countries also led to
identification of specific legumes that fit well as an intercrop in the
maize-legume systems.
• In Asia the constraint might be inputs quality rather than access
Asian Maize Systems
• The systems and participatory approaches - are not new for
Asia
• Recognizing management of system integration is a
necessary condition to properly implement maize legume
intensification
SIMLESA’s 3Is are relevant to an Asian SIMLESA in a different
way: How can we to develop it?
• Adopt the value chain approach from the start; link together
input value chains, farmers, output chains
• Implement a systems diagnostic process as early as possible
• Start the project by including the private sector early- because
you need them to develop and agree on a seed road map
Initial Lessons from SIMLESA
Initial Lessons from SIMLESA
• Undertake PVS and farmer evaluation methods to
enhance and speed up release of farmer accepted
and preferred maize and legume varieties and
• Promote sustainable agronomic practices including
CA options
• Cognizant that input access and availability is not a
major constraint in Asia, there is a need insure that
farmers use the right/optimum amount and quality
of inputs.
• Conduct studies on the economics of input use
What could an Asian SIMLESA look like?
• Maize-rice collaboration projects base on
SIMLESA framework
• Maize-rice-legumes + livestock in some places?
• Maize-legume System opportunities: South Asia
(Bangladesh- Nepal-eastern India under CA)
• Mekong (Laos-Cambodia-Vietnam-Thailand)
Philippines; Indonesia
Conclusions
SIMLESA’s initial findings reveal that and an integrated
systems approach in designing and promoting technologies in
partnership with a range of stakeholders using innovation
platforms framework, supported by science and partnerships,
would contribute to a productive, sustainable and resilient
maize –legume production systems.
For an ASIA SIMLESA to succeed we need to:
• Anchor it on a stronger leadership from agribusiness
• Support role of public sector and
• Ensure that it is farm income oriented to lead to
poverty reduction.
“This particular project is helping to develop drought and disease-tolerant
maize and legume varieties and to educate farmers about new farming
technologies in conservation agriculture in five African countries. In the first
eighteen months of the program, we’ve helped train more than 150 agricultural
researchers from Malawi, Mozambique, Kenya, Ethiopia and Tanzania and
trialled conservation agriculture in 215 fields owned by local farmers. It’s on
track to reaching its target of increasing crop productivity of maize and
legumes by 30% on around half a million African small farms within 10 years.”
“We need a new Agricultural Revolution of the 21st century if we are to feed a
further 3 billion members of the human family. As a responsible global citizen,
Australia stands ready to play our part” Kevin Rudd
Kevin Rudd Australia’s Foreign Affairs Minister
praises SIMLESA achievements in Africa
Addressing the 5th WCCA Brisbane 26-29
Sept.2011