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ACTA ICHTHYOLOGICA ET PISCATORIA (2007) 37 (2): 95–97 DOI: 10.3750/AIP2007.37.2.05 * Correspondence: Dr Leszek Rolbiecki, Katedra Zoologii Bezkręgowców, Uniwersytet Gdański, Al. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland, phone: +48 58 523 6638, fax: +48 58 523 6630, e-mail: [email protected] FIRST RECORD OF A FISH PARASITE APOROCOTYLE SIMPLEX (DIGENEA) FROM THE POLISH EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE OF THE BALTIC SEA Leszek ROLBIECKI * Division of Invertebrate Zoology, University of Gdańsk, Poland Rolbiecki L. 2007. First record of a fish parasite Aporocotyle simplex (Digenea) from the Polish Exclusive Economic Zone of the Baltic Sea. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 37 (2): 95–97. Abstract. One specimen of Aporocotyle simplex Odhner, 1900 (Digenea: Sanguinicolidae) was confirmed in 2004 from the branchial artery of a dab, Limanda limanda (Linnaeus, 1758), from the Gulf of Gdańsk. This work provides a partial description and a few morphological measurements of that specimen. This is the first record of A. simplex from Poland. Keywords: Sanguinicolidae, fish blood fluke, Limanda limanda, dab, fish, parasite, Gulf of Gdańsk, Poland The range of dab, Limanda limanda (Linnaeus, 1758) (Actinopterygii: Pleuronectidae) covers the European Atlantic coasts and stretches into the Polish Exclusive Eco- nomic Zone of the Baltic Sea. There are only two Polish publications dealing with parasites of dab (Markowski 1933, Rolbiecki 2004). In 2004, nine dab specimens (221–224 mm, 154–197 g) were captured from the Gulf of Gdańsk, Poland and exam- ined for parasites. One live specimen of Aporocotyle sim- plex Odhner, 1900 (Fig. 1), infecting the branchial artery of the second gill arch, was recovered. The parasite was preserved in hot 70% ethanol, stained with Gowers alum carmine, dehydrated in 90% acetic acid, cleared in benzyl alcohol, and mounted in Canada balsam. It was deposited in the Division of Invertebrate Zoology, University of Gdańsk. This is the first record of A. simplex in Poland. Description and measurements of Aporocotyle sim- plex (all measurements in mm). Body fusiform with ante- rior end more pointed than posterior end. Body length 2.37 × 0.44. Oesophagus 0.74 long, with the glandular posterior part with oesophageal gland cells measuring 0.17. Alimentary tract H-shaped, anterior- and posterior caeca 0.38 and 1.55 long, respectively. Number of testes 131, measuring (n = 20) 0.016–0.058 × 0.025–0.058 (aver- age 0.043 × 0.036), between posterior caeca. Cirrus sac pyriform, recurvate with visible internal seminal vesicle and pars prostatica, submediall, beneath testes; cirrus sac 0.135 × 0.109. Ovary oval, submediall, orienting diago- nally and opposite of cirrus sac; ovary 0.16 × 0.13. Uterus strongly plicate, between cirrus sac and posterior edge of testes and ovary. Uterine seminal receptacle posterior to and slightly lateral of ovary, 0.093 × 0.051. Vitelline fol- licles lateral to oesophagus and intestine, terminating at level of ovary. Excretory bladder not observed. This specimen corresponds to previous descriptions (e.g., Thulin 1980a). Specimens of Aporocotyle simplex infecting dab are shorter than those infections American plaice, Hippoglossoides platessoides (Fabricius, 1780). Based on the published literature the vitelline follicles in specimens of A. simplex from dab should be less developed than those from American plaice (Thulin 1980a, 1991), but the present specimen had vitelline follicles that are well developed and surrounding the intestine. Adults of Aporocotyle simplex mature in the blood vas- cular system, mainly branchial vessels, heart, and ventral aorta, of flatfishes (Pleuronectidae and Scophthalmidae). The range of the parasite covers the Arctic-, north Atlantic, and the north Pacific oceans. The majority of the host records are from American plaice and dab, but the parasite also infects flathead sole, Hippoglossoides elassodon Jor- dan et Gilbert, 1880; Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hip- poglossus (Linnaeus, 1758); Greenland halibut, Reinhardtius hippoglossoides (Walbaum, 1792); flounder, Platichthys flesus (Linnaeus, 1758); witch, Glyptocephalus cynoglos- sus (Linnaeus, 1758); and European plaice, Pleuronectes platessa Linnaeus, 1758 (cf. Thulin 1980b). A. simplex has also been recorded in a representative of Scophthalmidae— turbot, Psetta maxima (Linnaeus, 1758) (cf. Køie and Petersen 1988). Additionally, Grabda (1977) recorded A. simplex in Alaska pollock, Theragra chalcogramma (Pal- las, 1814), while Zubčenko (1981) did so in roundnose grenadier, Coryphaenoides rupestris Gunnerus, 1765; how- ever, Thulin (1980a) suspected that these specimens were Aporocotyle theragrae Ichihara, 1970 based on the hosts’
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ACTA ICHTHYOLOGICA ET PISCATORIA (2007) 37 (2) 95ndash97 DOI 103750AIP200737205
Correspondence Dr Leszek Rolbiecki Katedra Zoologii Bezkręgowcoacutew Uniwersytet Gdański Al Piłsudskiego 46 81-378 Gdynia Poland phone +48 58 523 6638fax +48 58 523 6630 e-mail lrolbieckioceanunivgdapl
FIRST RECORD OF A FISH PARASITE APOROCOTYLE SIMPLEX (DIGENEA)FROM THE POLISH EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE OF THE BALTIC SEA
Leszek ROLBIECKI
Division of Invertebrate Zoology University of Gdańsk Poland
Rolbiecki L 2007 First record of a fish parasite Aporocotyle simplex (Digenea) from the Polish ExclusiveEconomic Zone of the Baltic Sea Acta Ichthyol Piscat 37 (2) 95ndash97
Abstract One specimen of Aporocotyle simplex Odhner 1900 (Digenea Sanguinicolidae) was confirmed in2004 from the branchial artery of a dab Limanda limanda (Linnaeus 1758) from the Gulf of Gdańsk This workprovides a partial description and a few morphological measurements of that specimen This is the first record ofA simplex from Poland
Keywords Sanguinicolidae fish blood fluke Limanda limanda dab fish parasite Gulf of Gdańsk Poland
The range of dab Limanda limanda (Linnaeus 1758)(Actinopterygii Pleuronectidae) covers the EuropeanAtlantic coasts and stretches into the Polish Exclusive Eco-nomic Zone of the Baltic Sea There are only two Polishpublications dealing with parasites of dab (Markowski 1933Rolbiecki 2004)
In 2004 nine dab specimens (221ndash224 mm 154ndash197 g)were captured from the Gulf of Gdańsk Poland and exam-ined for parasites One live specimen of Aporocotyle sim-plex Odhner 1900 (Fig 1) infecting the branchial arteryof the second gill arch was recovered The parasite waspreserved in hot 70 ethanol stained with Gowers alumcarmine dehydrated in 90 acetic acid cleared in benzylalcohol and mounted in Canada balsam It was depositedin the Division of Invertebrate Zoology University ofGdańsk This is the first record of A simplex in Poland
Description and measurements of Aporocotyle sim-plex (all measurements in mm) Body fusiform with ante-rior end more pointed than posterior end Body length237 times 044 Oesophagus 074 long with the glandularposterior part with oesophageal gland cells measuring017 Alimentary tract H-shaped anterior- and posteriorcaeca 038 and 155 long respectively Number of testes131 measuring (n = 20) 0016ndash0058 times 0025ndash0058 (aver-age 0043 times 0036) between posterior caeca Cirrus sacpyriform recurvate with visible internal seminal vesicleand pars prostatica submediall beneath testes cirrus sac0135 times 0109 Ovary oval submediall orienting diago-nally and opposite of cirrus sac ovary 016 times 013 Uterusstrongly plicate between cirrus sac and posterior edge oftestes and ovary Uterine seminal receptacle posterior toand slightly lateral of ovary 0093 times 0051 Vitelline fol-
licles lateral to oesophagus and intestine terminating atlevel of ovary Excretory bladder not observed
This specimen corresponds to previous descriptions(eg Thulin 1980a) Specimens of Aporocotyle simplexinfecting dab are shorter than those infections Americanplaice Hippoglossoides platessoides (Fabricius 1780)Based on the published literature the vitelline follicles inspecimens of A simplex from dab should be less developedthan those from American plaice (Thulin 1980a 1991) butthe present specimen had vitelline follicles that are welldeveloped and surrounding the intestine
Adults of Aporocotyle simplex mature in the blood vas-cular system mainly branchial vessels heart and ventralaorta of flatfishes (Pleuronectidae and Scophthalmidae)The range of the parasite covers the Arctic- north Atlanticand the north Pacific oceans The majority of the hostrecords are from American plaice and dab but the parasitealso infects flathead sole Hippoglossoides elassodon Jor-dan et Gilbert 1880 Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hip-poglossus (Linnaeus 1758) Greenland halibut Reinhardtiushippoglossoides (Walbaum 1792) flounder Platichthysflesus (Linnaeus 1758) witch Glyptocephalus cynoglos-sus (Linnaeus 1758) and European plaice Pleuronectesplatessa Linnaeus 1758 (cf Thulin 1980b) A simplex hasalso been recorded in a representative of Scophthalmidaemdashturbot Psetta maxima (Linnaeus 1758) (cf Koslashie andPetersen 1988) Additionally Grabda (1977) recordedA simplex in Alaska pollock Theragra chalcogramma (Pal-las 1814) while Zubčenko (1981) did so in roundnosegrenadier Coryphaenoides rupestris Gunnerus 1765 how-ever Thulin (1980a) suspected that these specimens wereAporocotyle theragrae Ichihara 1970 based on the hostsrsquo
phylogenetic affiliation (Gadiformes) and geographic local-ity (Pacific Ocean) Indeed the Grabdarsquos (1977) mistakewas acknowledged by Grabda (1991) who amended theprevious parasitersquos identification as A theragrae
Blood flukes including Aporocotyle simplex can harmthe host fish by damaging the gills and consequently com-promise the respiration Adults and eggs can occlude bloodvessels leading to thrombosis hyperplasia epitheliumhypertrophy and consequentlymdashgill necrosis Infectedfish can have granulomatous nodules in the branchial cav-ity epithelium and the heart of infected fishes can have cer-cariae andor schistosomule larvae (Thulin 1991)
Aporocotyle simplex is a marine species using either ofthe terebellid polychaetes Artacama proboscidea Malm-gren 1865 or Lanassa nordenskioeldi Malmgren 1866 asintermediate hosts (Koslashie 1982 Koslashie and Petersen 1988)and flatfishes as the most commonly reported definitivehost (Thulin 1991) Due to the lack of those species of poly-chaetes in the Baltic Sea would seem that the fluke usinganother annelids in that area or A simplex was introducedhere in dab from the region of the North Sea
REFERENCESGrabda J 1977 Studies on parasitisation and consumability of
Alaska pollack Theragra chalcogramma (Pall) Acta Ichthy-ologica et Piscatoria 7 (2) 15ndash34
Grabda J 1991 Marine fish parasitology an outlinePWNmdashPolish Scientific Publishers Warszawa and VCHmdashVerlagsgesellschaft mbH Weinheim
Koslashie M 1982 The redia cercaria and early stages of Aporocotylesimplex Odhner 1900 (Sanguinicolidae)mdasha digenetic trema-tode which has a polychaete annelid as the only intermediatehost Ophelia 21 115ndash145
Koslashie M Petersen ME 1988 A new annelid intermediate host(Lanassa nordenskioeldi Malmgren 1866) (Polychaeta Tere-bellidae) for Aporocotyle sp and a new final host family(Pisces Bothidae) for Aporocotyle simplex Odhner 1900(Digenea Sanguinicolidae) Journal of Parasitology 74499ndash502
Markowski S 1933 Die Eingeweidewuumlrmer der Fische des pol-nischen Balticums (Trematoda Cestoda Nematoda Acantho-cephala) Archives drsquoHydrobiologie et drsquoIchthyologie Suwał-ki 7 1ndash58
Rolbiecki L 2004 Can the dab (Limanda limanda) be a paratenichost of Anguillicola crassus (Nematoda Dracunculoidea)The Gulf of Gdańsk and Vistula Lagoon (Poland) exampleWiadomości Parazytologiczne 50 317ndash322
Thulin J 1980a A redescription of the fish blood-fluke Aporo-cotyle simplex Odhner 1900 (Digenea Sanguilicolidae) withcomments on its biology Sarsia 65 35ndash48
Thulin J 1980b Scanning electron microscope observations ofAporocotyle simplex Odhner 1900 (Digenea Sanguinicoli-dae) Zeitschrift fuumlr Parasitenkunde 63 27ndash32
Thulin J 1991 Aporocotyle simplex a blood fluke in flatfishICES identification leaflets for diseases and parasites of fishand shellfish Leaflet No 49
Zubčenko AV [Zubchenko AV] 1981 Ispolrsquozovanie parazi-tologičeskih dannyh dlacirc izučeniacirc lokalrsquonyh gruppirovok
Rolbiecki96
Fig 1 Aporocotyle simplex from branchial vessels of dabLimanda limanda from the Polish Baltic Seascale bar = 200 microm A oesophagus B posteriorpart of oesophagus with gland cells C anteriorcaecum D posterior caecum E testes F vitellinefollicles G cirrus sac H uterus I ovary J uter-ine seminal receptacle
tuporylogo makrurusa Coryphaenoides rupestris Gunner)[Using of parasitologic data in studying of rock grenadier(Coryphaenoides rupestris Gunner) local groupings]Pp 25ndash32 In Symposium on parasitology and pathology ofmarine organisms Leningrad 13ndash16 October 1981 NaukaLeningrad [In Russian]
Received 9 July 2007Accepted 16 September 2007
Published electronically 30 November 2007
Aporocotyle simplex from Polish Baltic 97
phylogenetic affiliation (Gadiformes) and geographic local-ity (Pacific Ocean) Indeed the Grabdarsquos (1977) mistakewas acknowledged by Grabda (1991) who amended theprevious parasitersquos identification as A theragrae
Blood flukes including Aporocotyle simplex can harmthe host fish by damaging the gills and consequently com-promise the respiration Adults and eggs can occlude bloodvessels leading to thrombosis hyperplasia epitheliumhypertrophy and consequentlymdashgill necrosis Infectedfish can have granulomatous nodules in the branchial cav-ity epithelium and the heart of infected fishes can have cer-cariae andor schistosomule larvae (Thulin 1991)
Aporocotyle simplex is a marine species using either ofthe terebellid polychaetes Artacama proboscidea Malm-gren 1865 or Lanassa nordenskioeldi Malmgren 1866 asintermediate hosts (Koslashie 1982 Koslashie and Petersen 1988)and flatfishes as the most commonly reported definitivehost (Thulin 1991) Due to the lack of those species of poly-chaetes in the Baltic Sea would seem that the fluke usinganother annelids in that area or A simplex was introducedhere in dab from the region of the North Sea
REFERENCESGrabda J 1977 Studies on parasitisation and consumability of
Alaska pollack Theragra chalcogramma (Pall) Acta Ichthy-ologica et Piscatoria 7 (2) 15ndash34
Grabda J 1991 Marine fish parasitology an outlinePWNmdashPolish Scientific Publishers Warszawa and VCHmdashVerlagsgesellschaft mbH Weinheim
Koslashie M 1982 The redia cercaria and early stages of Aporocotylesimplex Odhner 1900 (Sanguinicolidae)mdasha digenetic trema-tode which has a polychaete annelid as the only intermediatehost Ophelia 21 115ndash145
Koslashie M Petersen ME 1988 A new annelid intermediate host(Lanassa nordenskioeldi Malmgren 1866) (Polychaeta Tere-bellidae) for Aporocotyle sp and a new final host family(Pisces Bothidae) for Aporocotyle simplex Odhner 1900(Digenea Sanguinicolidae) Journal of Parasitology 74499ndash502
Markowski S 1933 Die Eingeweidewuumlrmer der Fische des pol-nischen Balticums (Trematoda Cestoda Nematoda Acantho-cephala) Archives drsquoHydrobiologie et drsquoIchthyologie Suwał-ki 7 1ndash58
Rolbiecki L 2004 Can the dab (Limanda limanda) be a paratenichost of Anguillicola crassus (Nematoda Dracunculoidea)The Gulf of Gdańsk and Vistula Lagoon (Poland) exampleWiadomości Parazytologiczne 50 317ndash322
Thulin J 1980a A redescription of the fish blood-fluke Aporo-cotyle simplex Odhner 1900 (Digenea Sanguilicolidae) withcomments on its biology Sarsia 65 35ndash48
Thulin J 1980b Scanning electron microscope observations ofAporocotyle simplex Odhner 1900 (Digenea Sanguinicoli-dae) Zeitschrift fuumlr Parasitenkunde 63 27ndash32
Thulin J 1991 Aporocotyle simplex a blood fluke in flatfishICES identification leaflets for diseases and parasites of fishand shellfish Leaflet No 49
Zubčenko AV [Zubchenko AV] 1981 Ispolrsquozovanie parazi-tologičeskih dannyh dlacirc izučeniacirc lokalrsquonyh gruppirovok
Rolbiecki96
Fig 1 Aporocotyle simplex from branchial vessels of dabLimanda limanda from the Polish Baltic Seascale bar = 200 microm A oesophagus B posteriorpart of oesophagus with gland cells C anteriorcaecum D posterior caecum E testes F vitellinefollicles G cirrus sac H uterus I ovary J uter-ine seminal receptacle
tuporylogo makrurusa Coryphaenoides rupestris Gunner)[Using of parasitologic data in studying of rock grenadier(Coryphaenoides rupestris Gunner) local groupings]Pp 25ndash32 In Symposium on parasitology and pathology ofmarine organisms Leningrad 13ndash16 October 1981 NaukaLeningrad [In Russian]
Received 9 July 2007Accepted 16 September 2007
Published electronically 30 November 2007
Aporocotyle simplex from Polish Baltic 97
tuporylogo makrurusa Coryphaenoides rupestris Gunner)[Using of parasitologic data in studying of rock grenadier(Coryphaenoides rupestris Gunner) local groupings]Pp 25ndash32 In Symposium on parasitology and pathology ofmarine organisms Leningrad 13ndash16 October 1981 NaukaLeningrad [In Russian]
Received 9 July 2007Accepted 16 September 2007
Published electronically 30 November 2007
Aporocotyle simplex from Polish Baltic 97
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