1

A2 PSYCHOLOGYUnit 3

Topics in PsychologyAGGRESSION

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW…

AGGRESSION:

Social psychological approaches to explaining aggression1. Social psychological theories of aggression

- Social learning theory- Deindividuation

2. Institutional aggression

Biological explanations of aggression1. Neural and Hormonal mechanisms in aggression

2. Genetic factors in aggressive behaviour

Evolution and Human aggression1. Evolutionary explanations of human aggression

- Infidelity- Jealousy

2. Evolutionary explanations of group display in humans- Sport- Warfare

2

Social Psychological explanations of Aggression

Social Learning Theory:

Outline the four processes of social learning theory below:

A

R

R

M

3

Role Models

RESEARCH EVIDENCE: BANDURA ET AL (1961) BOBO DOLL STUDY

Aim(s):

Procedure:

Results:

Conclusions:

Evaluation of SLT:

4

My study has problems because…………….

Social Psychological explanations of Aggression

Deindividuation:

Supporting evidence:

5

My study has problems because…………….

IDA…

Zimbardo (1969)

Diener (1976)

Silke (2003)

Evaluation of Deindividuation:

6

Contrasting Research:

Strengths:

Discuss social psychological theories of aggression (8+16 marks)

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Contrasting Research:

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In stitutional Aggression:

Importation Model:

10

Outline

Evidence

Evaluation

The Deprivation Model:

11

Outline and evaluate explanations for institutional aggression (8+16 marks)

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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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Biological explanations of AggressionHormonal mechanisms in aggression:

Evaluation

14

What is testosterone?

Wagner et al (1979) found that…

Pillay (2006) found that…

Harrison et al (2000) found that…

Neural mechanisms in aggression:

15

What were the main findings of Lenard’s (2008) study on Vervet monkeys?

Evaluation of serotonin explanation

What did Mann et al (1990) find? What does this tell us about the link between serotonin and aggression?

Outline the role of serotonin in aggression

Discuss the role of neural and/or hormonal mechanisms in aggression. (8 + 16 marks)

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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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Genetic factors in aggression:Outline the methodology used by twin studies below. Explain why DZ and MZ twins are compared and what is meant by concordance.

Outline why adoption studies are useful in disentangling the role of the environment and genetics below.

What is MAOA? How is it thought to link to aggression?

18

Outline research evidence below:

Discuss genetic factors involved in aggressive behaviour. (8 marks + 16 marks)

19

Is there evidence for the link between MAOA and aggression?

Evaluation of genetic explanation:

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Evolutionary explanations of human aggressionWhat are the main assumptions of the evolutionary perspective?

How might aggression be an adaptive response?

22

Infidelity and Jealousy

Define cuckoldry

………………………………………………………………..........................................................................................................................................................................................................

How is sexual jealousy an adaptive response?

………………………………………………………………..........................................................................................................................................................................................................

JEALOUSY – Mate Retention and Violence

23

Outline evidence for the link between mate retention techniques and violence below. You must include Buss and Shackleford (1997) and Shackleford et al (2005)

Gender differences:

Discuss evolutionary explanations of human aggression, including infidelity and/or jealousy. (8 marks + 16 marks)

24

Why do men and women express jealousy differently? What evidence is there of this?

EVALUATION OF EVOLUTIONARY EXPLANATION

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Evolutionary explanations of group displays of aggressionIMPORTANT NOTE!!!!!

YOU HAVE TO EXPLAIN GROUP DISPLAY AS AN ADAPTIVE RESPONSE, SO YOU MUST USE EVOLUTIONARY THEORIES I.E. HOW DOES AGGRESSION BENEFIT THE SURVIVAL

OF A GROUP???

Group displays and sport

What do we mean by xenophobia?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

How does this relate to sports and group displays of aggression?

27

What evidence is there of this?

Group display in Warfare

Evaluation of Evolutionary approach to group displays of aggression

28

Why would war have an evolutionary advantage?

How does Chignon (1975) support this approach?

STRENGTHS

Discuss evolutionary explanations of group display in humans. {8 + 16 marks}

29

WEAKNESSES

IDA

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