S & T for Enhanced Societal Security:

A European Approach

Bengt SundeliusProfessor of Government, Uppsala University

& Swedish National Defence College

Swedish Agreement Director for Science &Technology Agreement with

The US Department of Homeland Security

and coordinated by the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency

Societal security – a social contract with the citizens

It is an obligation of good governance to prepare for the unthinkable and to

allocate the necessary resources to minimize the impact on people and

society from catastrophic events

An All Hazards plus Approach

Societal consequences are similar for crises caused by natural disasters, man-made disasters or by terrorists and other antagonistic threats.

Critical functions of Society are at stake

This approach draws on a different logic than a counter-terrorism plus approach, where immense investments in security measures for antagonistic threats may also give other societal security effects.

Challenges for Societal Security

• Trans-boundary & Real Time Flows

• Technological Interconnectedness

• Second & Third Order Consequences

• Mediatization

• Governing versus Government

• Public Service versus Private Profit

• Multilevel, Cross-sector & Multilateral Capacity

Building

Failures of

• Imagination (9/11)

• Initiative (Katrina)

• Next: Coordination (trans-boundary crisis)

Overcoming Jurisdictional and Mental Gaps

• Security and Safety professionals

• Civil and Military professionals

• Civil and Civil authorities

• National, Regional and Local authorities

• Public authorities and Private Sector

• Public domain and Volunteer associations

Generic Crisis Management Capacities

Situational Awareness

(understanding)

CoordinatedDecisionMaking

CoordinatedExternal

Information

Crisis Communication

The image of the crisis and the crisis must be handled simultaneously

Vulnerability Surpluses & Crisis Management Capacity Deficits in Europe

• Domestic focus is dangerously limiting

• EU Solidarity Clause for managing trans-boundary

crises (not yet ratified Lisbon Treaty)

• Requires coordination across:

– Multi-sectors,

– Multi-levels,

– Multi-institutions,

– Multi-nationals,

– and Multi-continental

Research Training

Improved Practices

• Societal Security Research Program

• Curriculum Development for Higher Education

• Comprehensive Training and Coordinated

Exercises for Government Authorities and with

Private Sector and NGO Engagement

Research based programs for Capacity Building and Training

• Linking professionals in leadership roles across sectors and nations

• Using interactive simulations and scenario based exercises to strengthen the common capacity for coordination

• Establishing an institutionalized core for Solidarity driven capacity building through research and training

Evolution of civil European security researchEvolution of civil European security research

From ESRIF web-site

PASR (2004-2006)

45 M€

time2013201220112010200920082007200620052004

FP7 Security Theme(2007 -2013)

1400 M€

ESRAB report “Meeting the challenge: the European Security Research Agenda”(Oct 2006)

ESRAB (2005-2006)

“European Security Research: The Next Steps” (Sept 2004)

GoP report “Research for a secure Europe” (March 2004)

GoP (2003-2004)

ESRIF(2007-2009)

“Fostering Public-Private Dialogue in Security Research and Innovation”(Sept 2007)

Various national programmes

SRC’06 Vienna

SRC’07 Berlin

SRC’08 Paris

SRC’09 Stockholm

SRC’10 Brussels

New Commission Communication announced

Nationally based security research programs are estimated to match EU level funding ~10:1

Place and Time 13

UK: Security and Counter-Terrorism Science and

Innovation Strategy

SE: National Security Technology Research and Innovation Program

NL: R&D Programme on Security, Safety and Technology

FR: Research Programme CSOSG - Concepts, Systèmes et Outils

pour la Sécurité Globale - (National Research Agency ANR)

AT: KIRAS – The Austrian Security Research Programme

FI: Technology Programme on Safety and Security

DE: Research for Civil Security

From ESRIF web-site

Security research Security research

in the in the Member StatesMember States selected

From ESRIF web-site

What is ESRIF: Purpose and objectivesWhat is ESRIF: Purpose and objectives

European Security Research & Innovation Forum

• to develop and promote a European civil „Joint Security Research and Innovation Agenda“ for all European stakeholders (public and private)

– Advising European & national civil security research programmes

– Taking a mid & long term perspective

– Bringing together the demand and supply side of security solutions, and the civil society perspective

• to aid the structuring process in the security domain on both demand and supply side

From ESRIF web-site

ESRIF working ESRIF working groupsgroups

Security of the citizens, counter terrorism,organised crime

Security of critical infra-structures

Border security

Crisis Management

Foresight and scenarios

CBRNE

Situation awareness & the role of space

Identification of people & assets

Working groups along political missions & thematic areas

Working groups on special challenges

across the political missions

Working groups concerning horizontal issues

Innovation, industry & technology base, and market issues

Governance & coordination

Human and societal dynamics of security

Key Components of S & T for Enhanced Societal Security

• Final ESRIF report presented in Stockholm at the 4th annual European Security Research Conference on September 29-30, 2009

Technologies

Enhanced societal security

Humans Organizations

Vision for the Future

European Security Research Programs and North American Science & Technology programs should underpin a coherent Euro-Atlantic approach to meet antagonistic threats and natural or man-made disasters, reduce transnational vulnerabilities and build trans-boundary capacities to strengthen our shared societal security.

Euro-Atlantic Security Research and Innovation

Meeting at a Critical Juncture

Welcome to Stockholm, Sweden

September – October 2009

Jesper Grönvall

Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency/Embassy of Sweden

Washington D.C.

Bilateral SE – US Agreement on Cooperation in Science and Technology for Homeland Security Matters signed 13 April,

2007 in Washington D.C.

Why Transatlantic Cooperation?

Fundamentally• We share core values and strong historical ties across the Atlantic• We share many dependencies/vulnerabilities/threats

Joint activities• Strengthens the transatlantic link, bilaterally and between the EU

and North America• Increases the understanding of threats and risks • Supports structures and processes for support in crises• Allows for the sharing of lessons learned after an event• Facilitates dialogue on important topics (e.g. balance between

security and integrity)• Allows for industrial and university based S&T cooperation

Examples of performed activities

– Explosives/1st Responder workshop, May, 2007 (SE)

– Human Factors workshop, June, 2007 (multilateral, SE)

– Chem/Bio workshop August 2007 (multilateral, SE)

– Maritime Domain Awareness exercise May 2008 (SE)

– Explosives workshop, June 2008 (multilateral, SE)

– Chem/Bio lab-tour September 2008 (US)

– Critical Infrastructure Protection workshop April 09

(multilateral, SE)

DHS S&T Bilateral Agreements

Canada

Australia

UK

Singapore

Sweden

Israel

Mexico

France

Germany

Science & Technology for Societal Security

• Co-hosted by Sweden (Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency) and the US (DHS, Science & Technology Directorate)

• Ambition is to bring together ~700 participants• Exhibit with thematic pavilions (Gov agencies, industry, academia)

Critical Infrastructure ProtectionIncident Management/Geospatial informationMaritime Situational Awareness & Border SecurityDisaster Medicine CBE threats

1 – 2 October, Stockholm, Sweden

Purpose & goals

Communicate research needs, capability gaps and priorities within the transatlantic societal security research area• Create and sustain partnerships among scientists, managers, users• Compare/contrast security research profiles (identify gaps, reduce

duplication, pool resources)• Engage and connect North American Centers of Excellence – EU Networks

of Excellence• Engage and involve the private sector as providers and users of S & T

Initiate policy discussions across the Atlantic on how to secure our societies against a broad spectrum of threats and risks• The Swedish EU-Presidency (July 1 to December 31, 2009) will give priority

to a strengthened transatlantic partnership in many areas, shared societal security being one of them.

4th annual European Security Research Conference (SRC09) • Organized by the EU Commission and Sweden back-to-back with EASC09 at

the same venue on September 29 – 30.

Welcome to Stockholm, Sweden,

for strategic discussions on enhancing

Euro-Atlantic Societal Security

Research and Innovation

• www.easc09.se

• http://www.src09.se/

• http://beta.stockholmtown.com/en/ (Visitor guide to Stockholm)