SOUTHERN COLONIESCh3Section1

Mrs. Cady- US History

1. IN 1607, THE FIRST 105 COLONISTS, SENT BY THE LONDON COMPANY, ARRIVED IN AMERICA.

2. 2/3 OF SETTLERS DIED WITHIN THE FIRST YEAR.

Why?

JAMESTOWN MARSHES

IN 1608, JOHN SMITH TOOK CONTROL OF THE JAMESTOWN COLONY. HE MADE IMPROVEMENTS:

1. Forced the settlers to work harder by using food as incentive (work to eat)

2. They received help from the Powhatan.

MORE SETTLERS ARRIVED IN 1609, BUT BY 1610, ONLY 60 SETTLERS WERE STILL ALIVE, AND THE COLONY COULD NOT MAKE A PROFIT.

JOHN ROLFE WAS A COLONIST WHO INTRODUCED TOBACCO TO JAMESTOWN AND ALLOWED THE COLONY TO BE MORE SUCCESSFUL.

HE MARRIED POCAHONTAS. HOW DID THIS MARRIAGE HELP THE COLONISTS?

IN 1622, COLONISTS KILLED A POWHATAN LEADER.FIGHTING BETWEEN POWHATAN AND COLONISTS CONTINUED FOR THE NEXT 20 YEARS.

VIRGINIA BECAME A ROYAL COLONY IN 1624 BECAUSE THE LONDON COMPANY (WHO ISSUED THE CHARTER) COULD NOT PROTECT THE COLONISTS FROM NATIVE AMERICAN ATTACKS.

LIFE IN VIRGINIA1.People in Virginia lived on

scattered farms rather than in towns.

2.Headright System- if you pay for your journey to the new world, you get 50 acres of land + 50 acres for every person you finance

An indentured servant signed a contract to work for 4-7 years if the employer paid the servant’s journey to America.

You get 50 acres of land if you come to the new world IF: Rules:

1. Plant a crop 2. Mark the boundaries of your land 3. Build a shelter

You get 50 acres of land for each person you bring over if you paid their way, so people brought many

indentured servants and

slaves

WHY WOULD SOMEONE AGREE TO BE AN INDENTURED SERVANT?

They couldn’t afford to get to America on their own

SLAVERY IN VIRGINIAa. The demand for workers

became greater than they supply of people willing to work as indentured servants because many Africans came to America as indentured servants and then became free when their contracts ended.

b. By the mid-1600s, there were many slaves in Virginia.

My 5 years as an indentured servant is up, now I get to own my own land and be a farmer!

Wait! Who will help me run my farm!? I guess I need a replacement. HEY, slaves are cheap right now, let’s just do that!

Indentured Servitude didn’t work well

BACON’S REBELLIONa. Colonists were upset with the

governor about taxes and his friendly policies toward native americans.

b. Natives attacked—the governor did not retalitate.

c. Nathaniel Bacon wanted to attack the Natives and take their land.

d. Governor tried to stop Bacon, so Bacon and his followers attacked and burned Jamestown.e. When Bacon died, the rebellion ended.

MARYLANDIn the 1620s, Lord Baltimore got

a charter from the king to start a colony north of Virginia in Maryland.

He named it after Queen Henrietta Maria.

He intended it to be a refuge for English Catholics and a proprietary colony, or a colony in which colonies’ owners controlled the government.

MARYLANDMost of the people who lived in Maryland were wealthy landowners, servants, craftspeople and farmers, who spend their time raising corn, cattle and hogs to have enough to eat.

MARYLANDMany Protestants began moving to Maryland in the 1640s and increased tensions between Catholics and Protestants.

The colony passed the Toleration Act of 1649, which made it a crime to restrict the religious rights of Christians.

CAROLINASEstablished in 1663. At first, they were one colony, but separated into north and south because of size in 1712.

Most of the colonists were farmers who moved from Virginia or the Caribbean.

CAROLINASBy 1730, 20,000 enslaved Africans were living in the colony, compared to 10,000 white settlers.

South Carolina was poorly managed, the government was overthrown and, in 1729, it became a royal colony.

GEORGIAJames Oglethorpe was granted a charter to establish Georgia in 1732.

The purpose was to have a place for debtors to pay off debts and to be a buffer colony from Spanish Florida.

GEORGIAOglethorpe wanted:

Many small farms, so he outlawed slavery and limited land grants.

Settlers were unhappy with Oglethorpe’s strict rules and, in 1752, Georgia became a royal colony.

ECONOMY IN THE SOUTHERN COLONIES

They depended on agriculture and slavery.

Some colonies also exported shipbuilding materials or traded with natives.

Farms were successful because of warm climate.

Most successful crops were tobacco, corn, rice, indigo.

ECONOMY IN THE SOUTHERN COLONIES Slave labor was used because the cash crops

were labor intensive and plantation owners needed many workers

Slaves lived and worked in brutal conditions. Southern colonies passed slave codes, which

were laws to control slaves. Some examples:

Slaves couldn’t hold meetings They couldn’t learn to read or write They couldn’t get married They couldn’t own weapons They were tortured or killed for trying to runaway They were whipped or branded for working too slow,

talking back,etc.