S MurakamiS. Murakami€¦ · Murakami Keio University S. Kato J.H. Yang University of Tokyo....

Benchmark Tests for Computer Simulated Person- Mixing Ventilation Cases-

S MurakamiS. MurakamiKeio University

S. Kato J.H. YangUniversity of Tokyo

Analysis Spacey p

Exhaust OpeningExhaust Opening

Supply Opening

A l i S (0 25 illi id)

Computer Simulated Person :CPS

Analysis Space (0.25million grid)

Outline of CPS

*Area : 1,473m2

*Height of seat CPS : 1 2mHeight of seat CPS : 1.2m

Analysis boundary conditionsy y

(a) Software: Star-CD(a) Software: Star CD(b) Steady state Calculation(c) Algorithm: SIMPLE(d) Turbulence Model: Low Reynolds number k ɛ model(d) Turbulence Model: Low Reynolds number k-ɛ model(e) Scheme: MARS (for Tetra mesh)(f) Grid: 0.25million, 0.5million, 1million

T t M h i S H b id M h d CPSTetra Mesh in Space, Hybrid Mesh around CPS(g) Convection and Radiation combined simulation

*Heat flux is 76W *Radiation Program have been developed by Dr.Omori at Tokyo Gas Co. of Japan

(h) Breathing: Steady breathing at mouth( ) g y g*Amount of breathing: 19.2 liters/min (=0.00032m3/s)*Mouth area: 9.726E-05 m2

Analysis casesy

Number of grid C Ai Ch t i tiCase Air Characteristics Space

[ million ] Human Surface

[ thousand ]

1-1 0.25 12.8 1

Uo=0.05m/s To=22ºC 1

1-2 ko=6.0E-04ɛo=4.8E-06 1 21.9

2-1 0.25 12.8 U =0 2m/s

2-2 0.5 16.1 2

2-3

Uo=0.2m/sTo=22ºC

ko=9.6E-03 ɛo=3.1E-04

1 21.9

3-1 0.25 12.8

3-2 0 5 16 13

Uo=0.5m/s To=22ºC 3 2 0.5 16.13

3-3

ko=6.0E-02εo=4.8E-03 1 21.9

Result of Case11) Distribution of air velocity: Case1-2

(a) Scalar air velocity [m/s] (b) Airflow pattern(a) Scalar air velocity [m/s] (b) Airflow pattern

Result of Case12) Distribution of temperature: Case1-2

(a) Distribution of CPS’s surface t t [ C]

(a) Distribution of air temperature [oC]temperature [oC]

Result of Case13) Vertical air velocity profile at each position

0.19 0.70 2.191.69 x (m)

2 0

2.5

2 0

2.5

1.5

2.0

t [m

]

Case1-11.5

2.0

ht [m

]

1.0Hei

gh Case1-21.0H

eigh Case1-1

Case1-2

0.0

0.5

0.0

0.5

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30

Velocity [m/s]

(a) X: 0.19m (b) X: 1.69m

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30

Velocity [m/s]

(a) X: 0.19m (b) X: 1.69m

x*

x*

x*

Mouth

Abovehead

TorsoResult of Case1

0.19 0.70 2.191.69 x (m)

3) Vertical air velocity profile at each position

2 0

2.5 0.20

Case1-1

1.5

2.0

t [m

] 0.12

0.16

[m/s

]

Case1-1Case1-2

1.0Hei

gh case1-1Case1-2 0.08V

eloc

ity

0.0

0.5

0.00

0.04

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30

Velocity [m/s]

(c) X: 2.19m

-0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0

X* [m]

(d) Above head(c) X: 2.19m (d) Above head

Result of Case1

0.19 0.70 2.191.69 x (m)

4) Concentration gradients at each position

2.5 2.5

1.5

2.0

[m] 1.5

2.0

[m]

1.0Hei

ght [

Case1-1Case1-2 1.0H

eigh

t

Case1-1Case1-2

0.0

0.5

0.0

0.5

0 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 1 00.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Non-dimensional concentration [-]

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Non-dimensioanl concentration [-]

(a) X: 0.19m (b) X: 1.69m(a) X: 0.19m (b) X: 1.69m

x*

x*

x*

Mouth

Abovehead


0.19 0.70 2.191.69 x (m)


2.5

1 0E-03

1.2E-03

[-]

1.5

2.0

t [m

]

8.0E-04

1.0E-03

conc

entra

tion

Case1-1Case1 2

0 5

1.0Hei

ght

Case1-1Case1-2

4.0E-04

6.0E-04

n-di

men

sion

al c Case1-2

0.0

0.5

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00.0E+00

2.0E-04

-1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0

Non

Non-dimensional concentration [-] X* [m]

(c) X: 2.19m (d) Mouth(c) X: 2.19m (d) Mouth

Result of Case15) Result of radiation analysis

0.7W/m2, 1W 0.8W/m2, 1.1W

25

30

35

2]

Case1-1 Case1-2

25

30

35

2]

Case1-1 Case1-2

5

10

15

20

Qc

[W/m

^2

5

10

15

20

Qr [

W/m

^2

0

5

Hea

d

Che

st

Bac

k

Pel

vis

.upp

erar

m

R.fo

rear

m

R.h

and

.upp

erar

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L.fo

rear

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L.ha

nd

R.th

igh

R.lo

wer

leg

R.fo

ot

L.th

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L.lo

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L.fo

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Aver

age

0

5

Hea

d

Che

st

Bac

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Pel

vis

.upp

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R.fo

rear

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R.h

and

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L.fo

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L.ha

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R.th

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R.lo

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R.fo

ot

L.th

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L.lo

wer

leg

L.fo

ot

Aver

age

R L R L

Region

R L R L

Region

(a) Convective heat transfer rate [W/m2] (b) Radiative heat transfer rate [W/m2]

*Case1-1:27.57*Case1-2:28.25

*Case1-1:26.14*Case1-2:25.32


0.2W/m2K 0.01W/m2K

3.54.04.55.0

K]

Case1-1 Case1-2

3.54.04.55.0

K]

Case1-1 Case1-2

1.01.52.02.53.0

hc [W

/m^2

K

1.01.52.02.53.0

hr [W

/m^2

K

0.00.5

Hea

d

Che

st

Bac

k

Pel

vis

uppe

rarm

R.fo

rear

m

R.h

and

uppe

rarm

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rear

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L.ha

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R.th

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.low

er le

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R.fo

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L.th

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.low

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L.fo

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0.00.5

Hea

d

Che

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Bac

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Pel

vis

uppe

rarm

R.fo

rear

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R.h

and

uppe

rarm

L.fo

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L.ha

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R.th

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.low

er le

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R.fo

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L.th

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.low

er le

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L.fo

ot

Ave

rage

R.u R L.u L

R. L.

Region

R.u R L.u L

R L

Region

(c) Convective heat transfer rate coefficient [W/m2K]

(d) Radiative heat transfer rate coefficient [W/m2K][W/m2K] [W/m2K]

*Case1-1:3.49*Case1-2:3.67

*Case1-1:3.3*Case1-2:3.29

Analysis casesy

Number of grid Case Air Characteristics S H S fCase Air Characteristics Space


[ thousand ]

1-1 0.25 12.8 1


1-2 ko=6.0E-04ɛo=4.8E-06 1 21.9

2-1 0.25 12.8 Uo=0.2m/s

2-2 0.5 16.1 2

2-3

Uo 0.2m/sTo=22ºC

ko=9.6E-03 ɛo=3.1E-04

1 21.9

3-1 0.25 12.8

3-2 0 5 16 13

Uo=0.5m/s To=22ºC

k 6 0E 023 2 0.5 16.13

3-3

ko=6.0E-02εo=4.8E-03 1 21.9


0.19 0.70 2.191.69 x (m)

2 0

2.5

2 0

2.5

1.5

2.0

ht [m

] Exp.Case2-1

1.5

2.0

t [m

] Exp.Case1-1

1.0Hei

gh

Case2 1Case2-2Case2-3 1.0H

eigh

Case1 1Case1-2Case1-3

0.0

0.5

0 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 1 00.0

0.5

(a) X: 0.19m (b) X: 1.69m

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Velocity [m/s]0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Velocity [m/s]

(a) X: 0.19m (b) X: 1.69m

x*

x*

x*

Mouth

Abovehead


0.19 0.70 2.191.69 x (m)


2.5

0 20

0.25

1.5

2.0

[m] Exp.

C 2 1

0.15

0.20

[m/s

]

1.0Hei

ght Case2-1

Case2-2Case2-3 0.10V

eloc

ity

Exp.

0.0

0.5

0.00

0.05 Case2-1Case2-2Case2-3

0.00.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Velocity [m/s]

-0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0

X* [m]

(c) X: 2.19m (d) Above head(c) X: 2.19m (d) Above head

Result of Case2

0.19 0.70 2.191.69 x (m)


2.5

2 0

2.5

1.5

2.0

[m]

Case2-11.5

2.0

t [m

]

Case2-1

1.0Hei

ght

Case2-2Case2-3 1.0H

eigh

t

Case2-2Case2-3

0.0

0.5

0.0

0.5

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

Non-dimensional contaminant [-]0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Non-dimensional contaminant [-]

(a) X: 0.19m (b) X: 1.69m(a) X: 0.19m (b) X: 1.69m

x*

x*

x*

Mouth

Abovehead


0.19 0.70 2.191.69 x (m)

4) Concentration gradients at each Position

2.5

1 2E-05

1.4E-05

1.5

2.0

m]

Case2 1 8 0E 06

1.0E-05

1.2E-05

onta

min

ant [

-]

Case2-1Case2-2

1.0Hei

ght [

m Case2-1Case2-2Case2-3

4 0E 06

6.0E-06

8.0E-06

dim

ensi

onal

co Case2-3

0.5

0 0E 00

2.0E-06

4.0E-06

Non

-d0.0

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Non-dimensional contaminant [-]

0.0E+00-1.2 -1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0

X* [m]

(c) X: 2.19m (d) Mouth(c) X: 2.19m (d) Mouth


C 2 1 C 2 2 C 2 3

0.3W/m2, 0.4W 0.4W/m2, 0.6W

30

35

40

45

2]

Case2-1 Case2-2 Case2-3

30

35

40

45

2]


10

15

20

25

Qc

[W/m

^2

10

15

20

25

Qr [

W/m

^2

05

Hea

d

Che

st

Bac

k

Pel

vis

R.u

pper

arm

R.fo

rear

m

R.h

and

L.up

pera

rm

L.fo

rear

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L.ha

nd

R.th

igh

R.lo

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leg

R.fo

ot

L.th

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L.lo

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leg

L.fo

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Ave

rage

0

5

Hea

d

Che

st

Bac

k

Pel

vis

R.u

pper

arm

R.fo

rear

m

R.h

and

L.up

pera

rm

L.fo

rear

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L.ha

nd

R.th

igh

R.lo

wer

leg

R.fo

ot

L.th

igh

L.lo

wer

leg

L.fo

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Ave

rage

R L R

Region

R L R

Region


*Case2-1:35.42*Case2-2:35.7*Case2-3:35.55

*Case2-1:18.28*Case2-2:17.91*Case2-3:18.03


910


910


0.2W/m2K 0.01W/m2K

456789

[W/m

^2K]

45678

c [W

/m^2

K]

01234

ad st

ck is m m d m m d h g ot h g ot ge

hr

01234

ad st

ck is m m nd m m nd gh eg ot

gh eg ot

ge

h c

Hea

Che

s

Bac

Pel

vi

R.u

pper

arm

R.fo

rear

m

R.h

an

L.up

pera

r m

L.fo

rear

m

L.ha

n

R.th

ig

R.lo

wer

le

R.fo

o

L.th

ig

L.lo

wer

le

L.fo

o

Aver

ag

Region

Hea

Che

s

Bac

Pel

v

R.u

pper

arm

R.fo

rear

m

R.h

an

L.up

pera

rm

L.fo

rear

m

L.ha

n

R.th

ig

R.lo

wer

le

R.fo

o

L.th

ig

L.lo

wer

le

L.fo

o

Aver

agRegion


(d) Radiative heat transfer rate coefficient [W/m2K]

*Case2-1:6.35*Case2-2:6.53*Case2-3:6.44

*Case2-1:3.28*Case2-2:3.27*Case2-3:3.27

Analysis casesy

Number of grid C Ai Ch t i tiCase Air Characteristics Space


[ thousand ]

1-1 0.25 12.8 1


1-2 ko=6.0E-04ɛo=4.8E-06 1 21.9

2-1 0.25 12.8 U =0 2m/s

2-2 0.5 16.1 2

2-3

Uo=0.2m/sTo=22ºC

ko=9.6E-03 ɛo=3.1E-04

1 21.9

3-1 0.25 12.8

3-2 0 5 16 13

Uo=0.5m/s To=22ºC 3 2 0.5 16.13

3-3

ko=6.0E-02εo=4.8E-03 1 21.9


0.19 0.70 2.191.69 x (m)

2 0

2.5

2 0

2.5

1.5

2.0

t [m

] Exp.Case3-1

1.5

2.0

t [m

]

Exp.

1.0Hei

ght Case3 1

Case3-2Case3-3 1.0H

eigh

t Case3-1Case3-2Case3-3

0.0

0.5

0.0

0.5

(a) X: 0.19m (b) X: 1.69m

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5

Velocity [m/s]

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5

Velocity [m/s]

(a) X: 0.19m (b) X: 1.69m

x*

x*

x*

Mouth

Abovehead


0.19 0.70 2.191.69 x (m)


2.5

0.6

0.7

1.5

2.0

[m] Exp.

C0.4

0.5

[m/s

]

Exp.

1.0Hei

ght Case3-1

Case3-2Case3-3

0.2

0.3

Vel

ocity

[

Case3-1Case3-2Case3-3

0 0

0.5

0.0

0.1

(c) X: 2.19m (d) Above head

0.0

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5

Velocity [m/s]-0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0

X* [m]

(c) X: 2.19m (d) Above head

Result of Case3

0.19 0.70 2.191.69 x (m)


2 0

2.5

2 0

2.5

1.5

2.0

[m]

Case3-11.5

2.0

t [m

]

Case3-1

1.0hei

ght

Case3-2Case3-3 1.0H

eigh

t

Case3-2Case3-3

0.0

0.5

0.0

0.5

(a) X: 0.19m (b) X: 1.69m

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0


0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0


(a) X: 0.19m (b) X: 1.69m

x*

x*

x*

Mouth

Abovehead


0.19 0.70 2.191.69 x (m)


2.56.0E-06

1.5

2.0

[m]

Case3-14.0E-06

5.0E-06

onta

min

ant [

-]

Case3-1Case3-2Case3-3

1.0Hei

ght [

Case3-2Case3-3

2.0E-06

3.0E-06

dim

ensi

onal

co

0 0

0.5

0 0E+00

1.0E-06Non

-d

(c) X: 2.19m (d) Mouth

0.00.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Non-diemensional concentration [-]

0.0E+00-1.2 -1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0

X* [m]

(c) X: 2.19m (d) Mouth


Case3 1 Case3 2 Case3 3

0.4W/m2, 0.6W 0.3W/m2, 0.4W

35404550

2]


3035404550

2]


1015202530

Qr [

W/m

^2

1015202530

Qc

[W/m

^

05

Hea

d

Che

st

Bac

k

Pel

vis

.upp

erar

m

R.fo

rear

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R.h

and

L.up

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L.fo

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R.th

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R.lo

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R.fo

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L.th

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L.lo

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leg

L.fo

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Ave

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05

Hea

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Bac

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Pel

vis

R.u

pper

arm

R.fo

rear

m

R.h

and

L.up

pera

rm

L.fo

rear

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L.ha

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R.th

igh

R.lo

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leg

R.fo

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L.th

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L.lo

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Ave

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R L R L

Region

R L R

Region


*Case2-1:43.77*Case2-2:43.69*Case2-3:43.4

*Case2-1:9.93*Case2-2:9.92*Case2-3:10.18


25


25Case3-1 Case3-2 Case3-3

0.5W/m2K 0.01W/m2K

15

20

W/m

^2K

]

15

20

W/m

^2K

]

0

5

10

hr [W

0

5

10

hc [W

Hea

d

Che

st

Bac

k

Pel

vis

R.u

pper

arm

R.fo

rear

m

R.h

and

L.up

pera

rm

L.fo

rear

m

L.ha

nd

R.th

igh

R.lo

wer

leg

R.fo

ot

L.th

igh

L.lo

wer

leg

L.fo

ot

Ave

rage

Region

0

Hea

d

Che

st

Bac

k

Pel

vis

R.u

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arm

R.fo

rear

m

R.h

and

L.up

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L.fo

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L.ha

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R.th

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R.lo

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R.fo

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L.th

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L.lo

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leg

L.fo

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Ave

rage

Region


(d) Radiative heat transfer rate coefficient [W/m2K]

*Case2-1:14.4*Case2-2:14.37*Case2-3:13.91

*Case2-1:3.27*Case2-2:3.26*Case2-3:3.26

Benchmark Tests for Computer Simulated Person- Experiment of Displacement Ventilation Cases-

Outline of Test Room - 1

0.3m 0.3m

2.5m

0.4m×0.2m

3.0m

0.37m3.5m

Outline of Test Room - 2

Supply Opening Exhaust Opening

Control Temperature Control Airflow Rate

Check the supply air velocitypp y y1st time, Each air velocity at measurement point[m/s]Average supply air velocity: 0.19 m/s

0.14 0.15 0.21 0.2 0.15

0..11 0.19 0.17 0.21 0.18

0 19 0 22 0 22 0 23 0 220.19 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.22

2nd time Each air velocity at measurement point[m/s]

0.8m

about0.7m 1 2 3 4 5

2nd time, Each air velocity at measurement point[m/s]

0.19 0.16 0.22 0.19 0.19

6 7 8 9 10 2m

11 12 13 14 15

0.12 0.17 0.15 0.17 0.18

11 12 13 14 15

4m

0.15 0.17 0.19 0.21 0.2

Experimental Conditionsp

a) Thermal manikin: 76Wb) Average supply air velocity: 0.19m/s

(Average of 2times, thermistor anemometer)c) Average supply air temperature: 22.1ºC

(Average of 5times, thermocouple of T-type)) fd) Air velocity of room was measured by using ultrasonic anemometer.(Average of 3times, each time was measured 5minitue after stable air velocity)

e) Air temperature of room was measured by using T-type of thermocouple.(A f 5ti h ti d 6h ft t bl i(Average of 5times, each time was measured 6hour after stable air temperature)

f) Air velocity of around of mouth and top of head was measured by using PIV.

Measurement of airflow around Thermal Manikin using PIV

Appearance of measurement of Equipments of PIV andAppearance of measurement of airflow around thermal manikin

Equipments of PIV and controller of thermal manikin

Distribution of Air Temperature [oC]p [ ]

3.5m

0.38m26.326.4

26.7

26.4

0.4m

L1 L2 L3 L4 L5

26 226 26 3

0.32m26.226.2 26.4

26.2

4 7 4

26.10.4m

25.9

26.3 25.9

26.226.1

26.3 26.1

25.2

25.8

240.4m

0.4m

2225.1

25.6

9

25.1

25.725.1

25.7

24.7 0.1m

0.1m

0.2m 1.35m 0.2m0.2m 0.2m1.35m

22.71 24.7 24.9

1

Distribution of Air Velocity [m/s]y [ ]

3.5m

L1 L2 L3 L4 L5

1.1m

L1 L2 L3 L4 L5

0.020.01 0.03 0.01

0.022.5m 0.4m

0.02 0.04 0.02

Thermal

0.02

0.02

0.4m

0.4m

0.03

0.03

0.03

0.02

0.03

0.02

Manikin

0.040.1m0.1m

0.2m 1.35m 0.2m0.2m 0.2m1.35m

0.16 0.05 0.02

Open Data of Experimentp p

The result of PIV and all experiment data are scheduled to open from the Internet with Prof Nielsen after ROOMVENTopen from the Internet with Prof. Nielsen after ROOMVENT.

S MurakamiS. Murakami€¦ · Murakami Keio University S. Kato J.H. Yang University of Tokyo....

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