Sandborn

WestphaliaFreelandville

Emison

Busseron

Fritchton

Verne

Ragsdale

Ridgeville

Iona Willis

Purcell

Saint Thomas

SR 67

SR 58

R. 12 W. R. 11 W.

T. 1 N.T. 1 S.

R. 11 W. R. 10 W.

T. 2 N.T. 1 N.

R. 8 W. R. 7 W.

R. 8 W. R. 7 W. R. 7 W. R. 6 W.

T. 6 N.T. 5 N.

T. 5 N.T. 4 N.

R. 7 W. R. 6 W.

T. 4 N.T. 3 N.

T. 3 N.T. 2 N.

R. 9 W. R. 8 W.R. 10 W. R. 9 W.

R. 11 W. R. 10 W.

21

R. 9 W. R. 8 W.

8R. 10 W. R. 9 W.

R. 12 W. R. 11 W.

T. 6 N.T. 5 N.

T. 5 N.T. 4 N.

T. 4 N.T. 3 N.

T. 3 N.T. 2 N.

T. 2 N.T. 1 N.

T. 1 N.T. 1 S.

SR 58

SR 550

£¤41£¤150

SR 67

£¤50£¤150

£¤150

£¤50

£¤41

SR 61

£¤41

£¤41

SR 241

Bens Creek

River Deshee

Frick Ditch

Coun

ty Ro

ad 10

00 E

River Deshee

Plass Ditch

Swan Pond

Ditch

Williams Ditch

Upper River Deshee

County Road 800 SE

Kessinger Ditch

South For k Smalls C

reek

Pond Creek

Miller Ditch

Pickel Ditch

Old

Busse

ron

Creek

Black Creek

Coun

ty Ro

ad 16

00 E

GraysPond

County Road 1600 S

County Road 900 N

County Road 1100 E

County Road 850 E

County Road 1200 S

County Road 1100 S

County Road 1300 W

County Road 1100 W

County Road 300 N

County Road 1200 W

County Road 1175 W

County Road 1450 S

County Road 875 N

County Road 1800 S

County Road 200 W

County Road 900 E

County Road 600 N

County Road 1000 W

County Road 700 W

County Road 950 N

County Road 1000 N

County Road 1200 E

County Road 1400 S

County Road 725 N

County Road 800 W

County Road 1150 S

County Road 1250 S

County Road 1050 N

County Road 1100 E

County Road 1750 S

County Road 1000 N

County Road 350 E

Maria Pond

Wabash Pond

Claypole Pond

Mirror Lake

Broadie Lake

£¤41

SR 67

SR 61

£¤50

SR 241

£¤150

SR 58

SR 550

SR 159

SR 59

SR 441

SR 358

Wilson Creek

Pollard Ditch

Indian Creek

Marsh Creek

Flat Creek

Tilley Ditch

Maria Creek

Kelso CreekWabash

River

Hill Ditch

Snapp

Creek

Singer Ditch

Vieke Drainage System Ditch

Brush

Creek

Lowe

r Sha

ker

McC

oy C

reek

Beav

er Di

tch

White River

Prair

ie Di

tch

White River

Scott Creek

Wabash River

White River

Wabash River

White R iver

White River

Wabash River

White River

Wabash River

White River

Maria C

reek

Vincennes

Bicknell

Wheatland

Decker

Oaktown

Bruceville

Edwardsport

Monroe City

Johnstown

White Oak Public Access Site

Yocum Woods Wildlife Management Area

Clark's Landing Public Access Site

3

98

34

3

4

1

2

5

9

3

42

5

8

2

3

3

4

8

5

9

9

2

3

1

8

9

2

9

6

7

9 7

7

2

5

3

5

5 6

2

4

4

2

6

2

9

45

2

5

8

1

34 2

41 5

3

8

1

1

1 through 52

7

6

88

6

7

2

7

4

8

5

6

1

9

1

6

3

3

9

4

1

11

7

10

14

1

2

11

15

6

11

11

2322

13

15

28

14

9

23

11

11

34

15

12

10

36

16

21

29

3334

11

15

32

15

28

11

17

9

16

27

10

27

27

26

29

21

14

35

25

28

34

12

25

23

17

34

29

14

22

28

21

13

10

12

21

32

33

16

20

10

32

22 24

33

33

11

21

35

36

14

15 14

26

33

17

10

22

30

35

10

36

21

24

17

11

26

23

29

16

2

24

35

18

14

23

26

22

10

8

1

19

4

12

1

20

31

15

13

32

30

23

16

9

16

30

16

19

2

18

2530

23

15

3

22

12

19

7

26

27

36

18

14

27

11

22

12

35

13

7

36

5

2

11

31

32

16

28

1 through 20

27

3

26

20

12

1

2

14

2

Division B

13

6

3

35

14

15

38

58

19

31

12

30

48

42

45

41

47

23

36

59

43

4083

44

88

13

91

78

54

46

34

56

1

56

37

67

84

18

15

18

57

35

52

11

85

57

2

1035

1

15

14

31

62

23

39

86

76

82

28

25

3

17

21

60

44

2669

65

93

49

32

24

53

50

16

29

19

33

89

97

1

1

51

30

94

64

20

33

75

14

99

55

81

98

36

34

80

77

68

96

74

73

27

58

95

92

12

27

72

22

24

2

71

70

13

13

10

28

16

20

61

11

25

90

15

66

63

10

79

12

13

15

Division C5

3

13

2

10

4

31

16

20

87

11

6

7

30

24

15

24

24

50

1

33

24

31

14

25

52

13

20

23

155

1

11

12

25

34

3

1122

25

223

222

105

221

41

28

8

149

16

104

24

19

10

115

107

9

22

4

137

113

139

19

102

9

108

28

207

211

224

18

128

34

13

126

26

176

235

36

117

153

232

1

237

233

29

199

178

231

236

234

246

141

150

110

210

116

147

229

203

151

200

146

45

83

13

136

164

173

242

124

190

120

219

205

118

185

140

216

10

220

111

183

152

196

240

238

119

101

18

217

241

206

213

209

100

144

218

170

177

120

202

8

109

181244

174

167

114

208

132

191

130

184142

143

9

145

192

212

125

161

180

129

179

214

239

226

243

162

182

227

188

261

112

20

117

131

215

123

122

245

198

85

189

195

171

4

123

230

11

121

197

201

163

225

172

175

204

35

194

106

193

228

187

166

5

165

103

186

23

14

114

103

169

168

5

9

1 through 18

19

34

119

20

43

138

127

148

28

15

43

22

4

156

24

26

112

16

154

28

4

135

21

2

12

15

6

3

1

11

6

9

27

13

7

1

34

6

21

19

1

21

5

16

3

2

8

17

30

42

2

17

1

3

35

46

3

5

5

33

5

26

7

4

3

51

7

8

3

6

4

29

4

5

35

22

23

26

21

17

148

25

12

139

30

7

14

7

113

1

38

20

36

3

22

6

23

4

7

29

54

11

12

36

142

50

33

134

36

18

24

133

55

21

21

26

18

26

35

18

33

Division A

41

40

10

53

6

25

32

4

290

20

24

39

24

18

34

30

25

27

140

36

22

6

12

45

7 34

32

46

13

59

29

3

2022

141

1

1

286

29

12

17

12

26

39

10

18

31

180

10

28

35

14

7

29

10

7

40

20

25

51

12

28

19

6

12

35

5

2150

10

33

11

48

3

14

8

65

1

35

19

26

1

27

1525

4

179

26

12

97

14

5

47

2

49

36

13

31

10

2

49157

115

47

6

17

32

38

18

13

7

86

17

27

52

82

16

23

1

1

150

1

32

143

23

76

35

46

36

144

149

14

17

25

145

6

218

31198

299303

186

176

302

5

160

1

212

147

122

298

199

35

252

17

19

19

A Decker

22

34

810

1

6

11

37

20

33

25

62

42

98

60

7

13

13

34

34

81

22

37

44

75

23

18

53

32

48

70

26

34

19

25

4

30

St Mary Racine

27

7

2

25

205

36

F Mallet

297

6

6

18

22

35

36

260

206

17

283

17

36

27

32

8

110

31

174

296

16378

197

183

195

184

181

16

11

22

4

30

21

12

34

17

207

209

201

13

2

19

144

6

34

24

14

13

281

27

12

158

1

2

6

23

8

35

31

35

11

34

25

1521

26

34

31

182

175

2223

25

30

21

24

23

29

28

51

27

8

30

6

29

26

21

30

20

20

29

29

1

17

Garrison Land

16

1

173

10

305

17

29

25

1919

27

34

27

32

29

11

24

26

10

2323

12

25

28

19

13

1

351

2342-04419-EP

!C

Map generated by Scott H. DeanIDNR, Division of Water, Resource Assessment Section

BEDROCK AQUIFER SYSTEMS OF KNOX COUNTY, INDIANA

Division of Water Aquifer Systems Map 76-B

Map Use and Disclaimer StatementWe request that the following agency be acknowledged in products derived from this map: Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water.This map was compiled by staff of the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water using data believed to be reasonably accurate. However, a degree of error is inherent in all maps. This product is distributed “as is” without warranties of any kind, either expressed or implied. This map is intended for use only at the published scale.

Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr., GovernorDepartment of Natural Resources

Robert E. Carter, Jr., Director

This map was created from several existing shapefiles. Township and Range Lines of Indiana (line shapefile, 20020621), Land Survey Lines of Indiana (polygon shapefile, 20020621), and County Boundaries of Indiana (polygon shapefile, 20050621) were all from the Indiana Geological Survey and based on a 1:24,000 scale, except the Bedrock Geology of Southwestern Indiana (polygon shapefile, 20001124), which was at a 1:500,000 scale. System1 and System2 were from the Indiana Department of Transportation (line shapefile, 2003) and based on a 1:24,000 scale. Managed Areas96 (polygon shapefile, various dates) was from IDNR. City Areas in Southwestern Indiana (polygon shapefile, 1999) was from ESRI and based on a 1:100,000 scale. Streams27 (line shapefile, 20000420 ) was from the Center for Advanced Applications in GIS at Purdue University.

The occurrence of bedrock aquifers depends on the original composition of the geologic material and subsequent changes which influence the hydraulic properties. Post-depositional processes, which promote jointing, fracturing, and solution activity of exposed bedrock, generally increase the hydraulic conductivity (permeability) of the upper portion of bedrock aquifer systems. Because permeability in many places is greatest near the bedrock surface, bedrock units within the upper 100 feet are commonly the most productive aquifers. The yield of a bedrock aquifer depends on its hydraulic characteristics and the nature of the overlying deposits. Shale and glacial till act as aquitards, restricting recharge to underlying bedrock aquifers. However fracturing and/or jointing may occur in aquitards, which can increase recharge to the underlying aquifers. Hydraulic properties of bedrock aquifers are highly variable. Most bedrock aquifers are under confined conditions, mainly a result of low vertical hydraulic conductivity clay-rich materials, such as glacial till, overlying the bedrock. Therefore, the potentiometric surface (water level) in most wells completed in bedrock rises above the top of the water-bearing zone. The susceptibility of bedrock aquifer systems to surface contamination is largely dependent on the type and thickness of the overlying sediments. Because the bedrock aquifer systems have complex fracturing systems, once a contaminant has been introduced into a bedrock aquifer system, it will be difficult to track and remediate. Three bedrock aquifer systems are identified for Knox County. They are, from west to east and younger to older: the McLeansboro Group of Pennsylvanian age; the Carbondale Group of Pennsylvanian age; and the Raccoon Creek Group of Pennsylvanian age. Bedrock aquifer systems in Knox County are overlain by unconsolidated deposits ranging in thickness from less than one foot to 210 feet. The unconsolidated sand and gravel outwash aquifers near the Wabash and White rivers have far greater groundwater potential than the bedrock aquifers in the county. However, bedrock aquifers are widely used in Knox County where unconsolidated sediments are relatively thin and unproductive. Approximately 65 percent of all wells in this county are completed in bedrock.

The McLeansboro Group subcrop area is located throughout nearly all of Knox County excluding the area along the eastern portion of the county. This aquifer system consists in descending order of the Mattoon, Bond, Patoka, and Shelburn Formations; however, the Mattoon Formation is not present in Knox County. The Bond and Patoka Formations are composed of sandstone, shale, mudstone, siltstone, and limestone. The underlying Shelburn Formation consists of sandstone, shale, siltstone, mudstone, limestone, and coal. Two important members of the Shelburn Formation include the West Franklin Limestone at the top of the formation and the Busseron Sandstone at the base. These are the primary aquifer units within the McLeansboro Group Aquifer System in Knox County. The depth to the bedrock surface ranges from less than one foot to 180 feet; however, the typical depth to bedrock ranges from 18 to 62 feet throughout the county. Total well depths commonly range from 75 to 160 feet. The amount of rock penetrated generally ranges from 35 to 115 feet. Domestic well yields range from 2 to 15 gallons per minute (gpm) with static water levels ranging from 14 to 45 feet below the surface. High yields are typically associated with significant drawdowns. A few dry (pumped) holes have been reported. There are no registered significant groundwater withdrawal facilities using the McLeansboro Group Aquifer System in Knox County. In the majority of Knox County, the McLeansboro Group Aquifer System has a low susceptibility to surface contamination where thick clay deposits overlie the system. However where overlying clays are thin or absent, these areas are at moderate to high risk to contamination.

The Carbondale Group Aquifer System subcrops in portions of eastern Knox County. The group consists in ascending order of the Linton, Petersburg, and Dugger Formations. Bedrock deposits include mostly shale and sandstone with some limestone and commercially important coal. Depth to the bedrock surface ranges from 5 to 210 feet, however the depth to bedrock is typically from 28 to 140 feet throughout the county. Well depths generally range from 85 to 235 feet. The amount of rock penetrated ranges from 22 to 120 feet. The Carbondale Group is considered a minor groundwater source with most wells producing from the thicker sandstone and coal units found in the upper formations of the group. Reported domestic well yields range from 2 to 10 gpm with static water levels ranging from 15 to 75 feet below the surface. High yields are typically associated with significant drawdowns. A few dry (pumped) holes have been reported. Water quality from the deeper bedrock units is highly mineralized. There are no registered significant groundwater withdrawal facilities using the Carbondale Group Aquifer System in Knox County. Where the overlying sediment consists of thick fine-grained clay materials, the Carbondale Group Aquifer System in Knox County is at low risk to contamination from the surface or near surface sources. Where bedrock is shallow, risk to contamination from the surface or near surface sources is high.

The Raccoon Creek Group Aquifer System is present in a relatively small portion of northeastern Knox County. This aquifer system consists of three formations: Mansfield, Brazil, and Staunton Formations. The Raccoon Creek Group is composed primarily of shale and sandstone with some clay, coal, and limestone present. The Division has no records of domestic wells that are completed in this system in Knox County. However, in nearby Daviess County well depths are highly variable, ranging from 25 to 490 feet with 60 to 220 feet of typical bedrock penetration. Also, in Daviess County domestic well yields are generally 4 to 30 gpm with reported static water levels ranging from 1 to 197 feet below land surface. There are no registered significant groundwater withdrawal facilities using the Raccoon Creek Group Aquifer System in Knox County.

As noted in Daviess County, water quality is generally satisfactory for domestic use, with some wells producing hard water (calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate type) and some soft water (sodium bicarbonate type). However, records of a few of the deeper wells note salty water. Such water quality may also be noted in shallower wells in scattered low-lying areas. The aquifer system is not very susceptible to contamination from the land surface because of the typical presence of low-permeability materials above the water-bearing zones.

®

In approximately 5 percent of the county various coal seams, within the McLeansboro Group and the Carbondale Group, have been extracted by underground mining methods. About 50 percent of most coal seams are removed during mining operations leaving the potential for storage of substantial amounts of water. The Division of Water has information on a facility with two wells drilled into underground mines for such purposes as coal preparation. These wells have capacities of 40 and 500 gpm. A limitation on use of the water could be its more mineralized nature.

Underground Mine Areas

1 0 10.5 Mile

1 0 10.5 Kilometer

Bedrock Aquifer Systems of Knox County, Indianaby

Glenn E. Grove and Robert A. ScottDivision of Water, Resource Assessment Section

March 2011

Location Map

State Managed Property

Registered Significant Ground-Water Withdrawal Facility

EXPLANATION!C

Lake & River

Municipal Boundary

State Road & US Highway

County Road

Stream

Pennsylvanian -- McLeansboro Group Aquifer System

Pennsylvanian -- Carbondale Group Aquifer System

Pennsylvanian -- Raccoon Creek Group Aquifer System