SECONDARY CITIES: MANAGING URBAN LAND GOVERNANCE SYSTEMS

Brian H Roberts (Land Equity International) Rene Peter Hohmann (Cities Alliance)

World Bank Conference on Land and Poverty 2014: Integrating Land Governance into the Post 2015 Agenda: Harnessing Synergies for Implementation and Monitoring Impact

SESSION URB-06: USES OF SPATIAL DATA IN URBAN MANAGEMENTMarch 25, 10:30, MC 2-800

Scope of Presentation

• The Urban Population • Systems of Cities – Changing Typology and functions• Changing Scope of Land Governance• Issues Affecting Land Governance in Secondary Cities• Policy Agendas for Land Governance in Secondary Cities

• 4000 cities greater than 100,000 population• 2400 cities are home to cities of less than 750,000 population• 60 percent of these cities in developing countries

Secondary Cities

• There is no universally agreed definition for the term “secondary city” • They form part of the order or systems of cities in a country or a global

system of cities. • Most scholars agree secondary cities play a very important functional

role depending on whether they are considered in a country or global level system of cities. • Secondary cities are thus not primary cities. Nor are they smaller cities

with populations of less than 100,000. They are everything in between. • Many of them are growing very rapidly and are facing enormous urban

development and growth management problems.

Typology of Secondary Cities

Functionality of Secondary CitiesFunctional Specialization Examples of CitiesCulture & Religion Mecca (SAD) Ameristar (IND) Lourdes (FRA) Hue (VN) Bethlehem (PAL)

Kandy (SLK) Timbuktu (MAL)

Government Abuja (NIG) Brasilia (BRZ) Islamabad (PKS) Washington (USA) Canberra (AUS) Pretoria (SA)

Heavy Industry Lille (FRA) Busan (KOR)

Advanced Manufacturing Toulouse (FRA) Basal (GDR) Seattle (USA) Pusan (KDR) Curitiba (BRZ)

Knowledge Services Cambridge (UK) Yogyakarta (IND) Seattle (USA) Kumasi (GAN)

Logistics St Louis (USA) Vladivostok (RUS) Cape Town (SA) Manaus (BRZ)

Media & Entertainment Wellington (NZ) Gold Coast (AUS)

Primary Production & Processing Medellin (ARG)

Mining & Resource Extraction Belo Horizonte (BRZ) Perth (AUS) Bloemfontein (SA)

Tourism and Leisure Luxor (EGY) Chang Mai (THD) Cusco (PER) Arusha (TAZ)

Trade & Commerce Aleppo (SYR)

Changing Scope of Land Governance• Land governance has been defined as:

“concerns with the rules, processes and structures through which decisions are made about access to land and its use, the manner in which the decisions are implemented and enforced, the way that competing interests in land are managed” (Palmer 2009)

• Land governance comprises a multifaceted field of activities concerned with all aspects of land management and development

• Historically, land governance was confined to interest of land administration and management. • Later the scope was expanded into land-use planning, regulation, valuation and local property

taxation and regulation of land and property markets. • Urban land governance has moved beyond the domain, responsibility and influence of local

administrative systems and structures to embrace engaging with powerful national and international interest in land, economic development and stabilization of land markets, development finance and the need for integrated and collaborative governance practices

• Many local government and managers of secondary cities no nothing about these things and the way external factors shape local decision making about land and development

Issues Affecting Land Governance in Secondary Cities • Urban land administration and management/security of tenure • Economic geography affects economic opportunities • Controllers of wealth and development are no longer local• Competitiveness land governance matters for secondary cities to

succeed in attracting investment and creating Jobs• Remittances and diaspora driving local economic development and

land markets• Old governance systems no longer work – New urban land

governance systems are needed

Policy Agendas for Land Governance in Secondary Cities

• National Policy Reforms (Integrating sub-national spatial development policy for Land-use, management, economic and human capital development)• Reforms to Planning and Management of Urban Development Practices• Management of Peri-urban Land and land Markets• Land Management and Administration• Value Capture• Development of Strategic infrastructure • Capitalizing on Public Assets, Property and Land Markets• Collaborative Governance Land Management Systems

Land Governance Agenda for Secondary Cities

Regional Secondary Cities City Cluster Development Economic Trade Corridor

• Land banking to provide for stabilization of land markets and management of peri-urban expansion areas

• Value capture and developer charges to raise revenue to cover the extension and costs of infrastructure

• Collaborative governance arrangements administrative and development costs related to urban development

• Taxation and other planning initiatives on speculative land markets

• Collaborative Metropolitan Governance arrangements for peri-urban land development and communication corridors

• Land Banking for better planned employment, commercial and residential areas supported by an integrated communication system

• PPP developments linked with social development requirements for low incomes

• Designated Investment growth poles for more specialised economic activities

• Designated logistics and intermodal modal transfer facilities that minimise transaction costs and time

• Free trade arrangements affecting sale and lease of land to international investors

• Common-user standards for sites and facilities for infrastructure and support facilities

Thank you for your interest and attention

Guayaquil Ecuador