S ABISTON TRATADO CIRUGÍA - Axónmedia.axon.es/pdf/72108.pdf · TRATADO DE CIRUGÍA Fundamentos...

TRATADO DE

CIRUGÍASA B I S T O N

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COURTNEY M. TOWNSEND, JR ., MDProfessor and John Woods Harris Distinguished Chairman

Department of SurgeryThe University of Texas Medical Branch

Galveston, Texas

R. DANIEL BEAUCHAMP, MDJ. C. Foshee Distinguished Professor of Surgery

Chairman, Section of Surgical SciencesVanderbilt University Medical Center

Surgeon-in-Chief, Vanderbilt University HospitalNashville, Tennessee

B. MARK EVERS, MDProfessor, Departments of Surgery and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Robertson-Poth Distinguished Chair in General SurgeryDirector, Sealy Center for Cancer Cell BiologyDirector, UTMB Comprehensive Cancer Center

The University of Texas Medical BranchGalveston, Texas

KENNETH L. MATTOX, MDProfessor and Vice Chairman

Michael E. DeBakey Department of SurgeryBaylor College of Medicine

Chief of Staff and Chief of SurgeryBen Taub General Hospital

Houston, Texas

TRATADO DE CIRUGÍA

Fundamentos biológicos de la práctica quirúrgica moderna

SA B I S T O N

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D E D I C A T O R I A

A nuestros pacientes, que nos conceden el privilegio de practicar nuestro ofi cio;

a nuestros estudiantes, residentes y colegas, de los que aprendemos,

y a nuestras esposas –Mary, Shannon, Karen y June–,

sin cuya ayuda esto no habría sido posible.

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Jose Acosta, MDAssociate Professor of Surgery, U.S. Naval Hospital, San Diego; Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, University of California–Irvine, Orange, California

Tratamiento del traumatismo agudo

Charles A. Adams, Jr., MDMedical Director, Surgical Intensive and Intermediate Surgical Care Units, Rhode Island Hospital; Assistant Professor of Surgery, Brown Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island

Tratamiento quirúrgico crítico

Louis H. Alarcon, MDAssistant Professor, Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery and Associate Director, Trauma Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Mediadores de la respuesta infl amatoria

Daniel A. Anaya, MDFellow, Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas

Infecciones quirúrgicas y elección de antibióticos

Stanley W. Ashley, MDFrank Sawyer Professor and Vice-Chairman, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

Hemorragia digestiva aguda

Paul S. Auerbach, MD, MSClinical Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Division of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California

Mordeduras y picaduras

Ali Azizzadeh, MDAssistant Professor, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, The University of Texas at Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas

Vasculatura torácica con énfasis en la aorta torácica

Clyde F. Barker, MDDonald Guthrie Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Trasplante de órganos abdominales

B. Timothy Baxter, MDProfessor, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska

Sistema linfático

R. Daniel Beauchamp, MDJ. C. Foshee Distinguished Professor of Surgery and Chairman, Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Surgeon-in-Chief, Vanderbilt University Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee

Bazo

Paul R. Beery, MDClinical Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Grant Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio

Cirugía en la paciente embarazada

Michael Belkin, MDDivision Chief, Vascular Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

Arteriopatía oclusiva periférica

David H. Berger, MDProfessor of Surgery and Vice-Chair, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine; Operative Care Line Executive, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas

Cirugía geriátrica

Walter L. Biffl , MDAssociate Professor and Chief, Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Health Science Center, Denver, Colorado


John D. Birkmeyer, MDGeorge D. Zuidema Professor and Chair, Surgical Outcomes Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Evaluación crítica de los resultados de la cirugía

Steven J. Blackwell MDStephen R. Lewis Professor of Plastic Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas

Cirugía plástica

Mark E. Brecher, MDProfessor and Vice-Chair, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Director of Transfusion Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Principios hematológicos en cirugía

Bruce D. Browner, MDGray-Gossling Professor and Chairman, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut

Tratamiento emergente de lesiones osteomusculares

vii

C O L A B O R A D O R E S

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viii Colaboradores

Brian B. Burkey, MDAssociate Professor, Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt–Bill Wilkerson Center for Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee

Cabeza y cuello

John L. Burns, MDClinical Instructor, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas

Cirugía plástica

Kathleen E. Carberry, RNResearch Coordinator, Center for Clinical Outcomes Research, Congenital Heart Surgery Service, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas

Cardiopatías congénitas

Ronald A. Carson, PhDHarris L. Kempner Distinguished Professor, Institute for the Medical Humanities, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas

Ética quirúrgica

Ravi S. Chari, MDProfessor of Surgery and Cancer Biology and Chief, Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee

Sistema biliar

Robert R. Cima, MDAssistant Professor of Surgery, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota

Ano

William G. Cioffi , MDSurgeon-in-Chief, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital; Professor and Chairman of Surgery, Brown Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island


Raul Coimbra, MDProfessor of Surgery and Chief, Division of Trauma, Burns, and Surgical Critical Care, University of California–San Diego, San Diego, California


Michael S. Conte, MDAssociate Professor of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts


Michael D’Angelica, MDAssistant Attending, Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York

Hígado

Alan Dardik, MDAssistant Professor of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine; Chief, Surgical Research, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut


Merril T. Dayton, MDProfessor and Chairman, Department of Surgery, State University of New York–Buffalo; Chief of Surgery, Kaleida Health System, Buffalo General Hospital, Buffalo, New York

Complicaciones quirúrgicas

Joseph P. DeAngelis, MDResident, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut

Tratamiento emergente de lesiones osteomusculares

E. Patchen Dellinger, MDProfessor and Vice-Chairman, Department of Surgery and Chief, Division of General Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington

Infecciones quirúrgicas y elección de antibióticos

Christopher J. Dente, MDAssociate Chief of Trauma, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia

Ecografía para cirujanos

Jose J. Diaz, MDAssociate Professor of Surgery and Medicine, Division of Trauma and Surgical Care, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee

Intervenciones quirúrgicas junto a la cabecera del paciente

Magruder C. Donaldson, MDChairman of Surgery, MetroWest Medical Center, Framingham; Associate Professor of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts


Quan-Yang Duh, MDProfessor of Surgery, Surgical Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California

Glándulas suprarrenales

Timothy J. Eberlein, MDBixby Professor and Chairman, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri

Biología tumoral y marcadores tumorales

E. Christopher Ellison, MDAssociate Vice President for Health Sciences, Vice Dean of Clinical Affairs, Robert M. Zollinger Professor, and Chair, Department of Surgery, Ohio Sate University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio


Stephen S. Entman, MDProfessor Emeritus, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee

Cirugía ginecológica

Anthony L. Estrera, MDAssociate Professor, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, The University of Texas at Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas


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Colaboradores ix

Richard T. Ethridge, MD, PhDResident Surgeon, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas

Cicatrización de las heridas

Thomas R. Eubanks, DOPresident, Portland Surgical Specialists, Portland, Oregon

Hernia de hiato y enfermedad por refl ujo gastroesofágico

B. Mark Evers, MDProfessor, Departments of Surgery and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Robertson-Poth Distinguished Chair in General Surgery; Director, Sealy Center for Cancer Cell Biology; and Director, UTMB Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas

Biología molecular y celular; Intestino delgado

Timothy C. Fabian, MDHarwell Wilson Alumni Professor and Chairman, Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee

Bazo

Samir M. Fakhry, MDChief, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care; Associate Chair for Research and Education, Department of Surgery, Inova Fairfax Hospital; Professor of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University–Inova Campus, Falls Church, Virginia


Victor A. Ferraris, MD, PhDTyler Gill Professor of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky

Cardiopatías adquiridas: insufi ciencia coronaria

Mitchell P. Fink, MDProfessor and Chair, Department of Critical Care Medicine; Watson Professor of Surgery; and Associate Vice-Chancellor for Translational Research and Commercialization, Department of Critical Care, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Mediadores de la respuesta infl amatoria

Samuel R. G. Finlayson, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of Surgery, Dartmouth Medical School, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire

Evaluación crítica de los resultados de la cirugía

Nicholas Fiore, MDAssistant Professor of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas

Cirugía de la mano

Josef E. Fischer, MDWilliam V. McDermott Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Surgeon-in-Chief, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts

Metabolismo en pacientes quirúrgicos

Yuman Fong, MDMurray F. Brennan Chair in Surgery, Department of Surgery, Gastric and Mixed Tumor Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York

Hígado

Robbi L. Franklin, MDResident, Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas

Neurocirugía

Charles D. Fraser, Jr., MDChief and The Donovan Chair in Congenital Health Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital; Chief, Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas

Cardiopatías congénitas

Julie A. Freischlag, MDWilliam Steward Halsted Professor and Chair, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland

Enfermedades venosas

Robert D. Fry, MDProfessor of Surgery and Chair, Department of Surgery, Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Colon y recto

Eric R. Frykberg, MDProfessor of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine; Chief, Division of General Surgery, Shands Jacksonville Medical Center, Jacksonville, Florida

El papel de los cirujanos en las catástrofes civiles poco convencionales

David A. Fullerton, MDProfessor and Division Head, Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado

Cardiopatías adquiridas: valvulares

James J. Gallagher, MDAssistant Professor of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Shriners Hospital for Children, Galveston, Texas

Quemaduras

Peter Gloviczki, MDDirector, Gonda Vascular Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota

Vasculopatías aneurismáticas

Peter S. Goedegebuure, PhDResearch Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri


Joel E. Goldberg, MDAssociate Surgeon, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Instructor in Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts


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x Colaboradores

Guillermo Gomez, MDAssociate Professor and Granville T. Hall Chair, Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas

Tecnología emergente en cirugía: informática, electrónica y robótica

Darla K. Granger, MDClinical Associate Professor of Surgery, St. John Hospital and Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan

Inmunología de los trasplantes e inmunodepresión

Edwin Gravereaux, MDInstructor of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts


Cornelia R. Graves, MDMedical Director, Tennessee Maternal–Fetal Medicine and Consultant, Division of Maternal–Fetal Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baptist Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee


Carl E. Haisch, MDProfessor, Department of Surgery, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina

Puntos de acceso vascular y conexiones

Fadi Hanbali, MDAssistant Professor, Neurosurgery Division, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas

Neurocirugía

John B. Hanks, MDC. Bruce Morton Professor and Chief, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia

Tiroides

Alden H. Harken, MDChairman, Department of Surgery, University of California–San Francisco (East Bay), San Francisco, California

Cardiopatías adquiridas: valvulares

Jennifer A. Heller, MDAssistant Professor and Surgery Director, Johns Hopkins Vein Center, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland

Enfermedades venosas

David N. Herndon, MDChief of Staff, Shriners Burns Hospital for Children; Professor of Surgery and Jesse H. Jones Distinguished Chair in Burn Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas

Quemaduras

Asher Hirshberg, MDProfessor of Surgery, State University of New York Downstate College of Medicine; Director of Emergency Vascular Surgery, Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, New York

Traumatismo vascular

Ginger E. Holt, MDAssistant Professor, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee

Tumores óseos

Michael D. Holzman, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of Surgery and Lester and Sara Jayne Williams Chair in Academic Surgery, General Surgery Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee

Bazo

David B. Hoyt, MDJohn E. Connolly Professor and Chairman of Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California–Irvine, Orange, California


J. Dirk Iglehart, MDChief, Division of Surgical Oncology, Anne E. Dyson Professor of Women’s Cancer, Harvard Medical School; and Director of Women’s Cancers Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts

Patología mamaria

Suzanne T. Ildstad, MDDirector, Institute for Cellular Therapeutics; Jewish Hospital Distinguished Professor of Transplantation; and Professor of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky

Inmunología de los trasplantes e inmunodepresión

Barry K. Jarnagin, MDAssociate Professor, Urogynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee


R. Scott Jones, MDDirector, Division of Research and Optimal Patient Care, American College of Surgeons, Chicago, Illinois; and Professor Emeritus, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia

Seguridad de los pacientes quirúrgicos

Kimberly S. Kirkwood, MDAssociate Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California

El apéndice

Tien C. Ko, MDProfessor of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center and Chief of Surgery, Lyndon B. Johnson General Hospital, Houston, Texas

Biología molecular y celular

Mahmoud N. Kulaylat, MDAssociate Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, State University of New York–Buffalo, Buffalo General Hospital, Buffalo, New York

Complicaciones quirúrgicas

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Colaboradores xi

Matthew D. Kwan, MDPost-Doctoral Fellow, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; General Surgery Resident, Department of Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Medicina regeneradora

Terry C. Lairmore, MDProfessor of Surgery and Director, Division of Surgical Oncology, Scott and White Memorial Hospital and Clinic, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas

Síndromes de neoplasia endocrina múltiple

Christine L. Lau, MDAssistant Professor, Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Mediastino

Mimi Leong, MDAssistant Professor, Plastic Surgery Division, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas

Cicatrización de las heridas

Benjamin D. Li, MDProfessor and Chief, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana

Pared abdominal, ombligo, peritoneo, mesenterios, epiplón y retroperitoneo

Michael T. Longaker, MD, MBADeane P. and Louise Mitchell Professor, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford and Deputy Director, The Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Palo Alto, California


Robert R. Lorenz, MDHead, Section of Head and Neck Surgery, Laryngotracheal Reconstruction/Oncology, Head and Neck Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio

Cabeza y cuello

Jeanne M. Lukanich, MDStaff, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Instructor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Pared torácica y pleura

John Maa, MDAssistant Professor, Department of Surgery, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California

El apéndice

Najjia Mahmoud, MDAssistant Professor of Surgery, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Colon y recto

Mary Maish, MDSurgical Director of the Esophageal Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California

Esófago

Mark A. Malangoni, MDProfessor of Surgery, Case Western Reserve University; Chairperson, Department of Surgery; and Surgeon-in-Chief, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio

Hernias

James F. Markmann, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania


David J. Maron, MDAssistant Professor of Surgery, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Colon y recto

Kenneth L. Mattox, MDProfessor and Vice Chairman, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine; Chief of Staff and Chief of Surgery, Ben Taub General Hospital, Houston, Texas

Traumatismo vascular

Addison K. May, MDAssociate Professor of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee

Intervenciones quirúrgicas junto a la cabecera del paciente

John C. McDonald, MDChancellor and Dean, Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana


Robert M. Mentzer, Jr., MDDean, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan

Cardiopatías adquiridas: insufi ciencia coronaria

David W. Mercer, MDProfessor and Vice Chairman, Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas

Estómago

Dean J. Mikami, MDAssistant Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio


Charles C. Miller, III, PhDProfessor, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, The University of Texas at Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas


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xii Colaboradores

Jeffrey F. Moley, MDProfessor of Surgery and Chief, Section of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri

Síndromes de neoplasia endocrina múltiple

Richard J. Mullins, MDProfessor of Surgery and Chief, Trauma/Critical Care, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon

Shock, electrólitos y líquidos

Ali Naji, MD, PhDJ. William White Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania


Haring J. W. Nauta, MD, PhDProfessor, Chief, and Samuel R. Snodgrass Professor of Neurosurgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas

Neurocirugía

Elaine E. Nelson, MDChairman, Department of Emergency Medicine, Regional Medical Center of San Jose, San Jose, California


Heidi Nelson, MDProfessor of Surgery, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota

Ano

David Netscher, MDClinical Professor, Division of Plastic Surgery; Professor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine; Chief of Hand Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital; and Chief of Plastic Surgery, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas

Cirugía de la mano

James L. Netterville, MDDirector, Head and Neck Oncologic Surgery and Mark C. Smith Professor, Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee

Cabeza y cuello

Leigh Neumayer, MDProfessor of Surgery, Department of General Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah

Principios de cirugía preoperatoria y operatoria

Robert L. Norris, MDAssociate Professor, Department of Surgery and Chief, Division of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California


Brant K. Oelschlager, MDAssociate Professor; Director, Center for Videoendoscopic Surgery; and Director, Swallowing Center, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington


Kim M. Olthoff, MDDirector of Liver Transplant Program, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania


Aria F. Olumi, MDAssistant Professor of Surgery/Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Cirugía urológica

Christopher D. Owens, MDInstructor of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts


Frank M. Parker, DOAssistant Professor, Department of Vascular Surgery, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina


Joel T. Patterson, MDAssistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas

Neurocirugía

Carlos A. Pellegrini, MDThe Henry N. Harkins Professor and Chairman, Department of Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington


Linda G. Phillips, MDTruman G. Blocker, Jr., MD, Distinguished Professor and Chief, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas

Cicatrización de las heridas; Reconstrucción mamaria

Iraklis I. Pipinos, MDAssociate Professor, Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska

Sistema linfático

Eyal E. Porat, MDChairman, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel


Russell G. Postier, MDJohn A. Schilling Professor and Chairman, Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

Abdomen agudo

Donald S. Prough, MDProfessor and Chair, Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas

Principios de anestesiología, tratamiento del dolor y sedación consciente

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Colaboradores xiii

Joe B. Putnam, Jr., MDIngram Professor of Surgery; Chairman, Department of Thoracic Surgery; Program Director, Resident Education in Thoracic Surgery; and Professor, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Vanderbilt Clinic, Nashville, Tennessee

Pulmón (incluyendo embolia pulmonar y síndrome del desfi ladero torácico)

Gautam G. Rao, MDAssistant Professor, Gynecologic Oncology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee


Scott I. Reznik, MDAssistant Professor of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Scott and White Memorial Hospital and Clinic, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas


William O. Richards, MDIngram Professor of Surgery; Director, Laparoscopic General Surgery; and Medical Director, Center for Surgical Weight Loss, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee

Obesidad mórbida

Kathryn A. Richardson, MDAssistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana


Jerome P. Richie, MDChief, Division of Urology, Elliott Carr Cutler Professor of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

Cirugía urológica

Joseph J. Ricotta, II, MDFellow in Vascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota

Vasculopatías aneurismáticas

Layton F. Rikkers, MDA. R. Curreri Professor and Chairman, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin

Complicaciones quirúrgicas de la cirrosis y de la hipertensión portal

Thomas Stuart Riles, MDFrank C. Spencer Professor of Surgery and Associate Dean for Medical Education and Technology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York

Trastornos cerebrovasculares

Emily K. Robinson, MDAssociate Professor, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas

Estómago

Caron B. Rockman, MDAssociate Professor, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York

Trastornos cerebrovasculares

John Rombeau, MDProfessor, Department of Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Colon y recto

Michael J. Rosen, MDAssistant Professor of Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio

Hernias

Ronnie A. Rosenthal, MDAssociate Professor of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven and Chief, Surgical Service, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut


Howard M. Ross, MDAssistant Professor of Surgery, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Colon y recto

Grace S. Rozycki, MD, RDMSChief of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia

Ecografía para cirujanos

Edmund J. Rutherford, MDAssociate Professor, Trauma and General Surgery, WakeMed Faculty Physicians, Raleigh, North Carolina


Ira M. Rutkow, MD, MPH, DrPHClinical Professor of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey

Historia de la cirugía

Hazim J. Safi , MDProfessor and Chairman, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, The University of Texas at Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas


Leslie J. Salomone, MDClinical Fellow, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia

Tiroides

Bruce D. Schirmer, MDStephen H. Watts Professor of Surgery and Director, Residency Program, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia

Obesidad mórbida

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xiv Colaboradores

Herbert S. Schwartz, MDProfessor, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee

Tumores óseos

Shimul A. Shah, MDAssistant Professor of Surgery, Division of Organ Transplantation, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts

Sistema biliar

Abraham Shaked, MD, PhDProfessor of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania


George F. Sheldon, MDZack D. Owens Distinguished Professor of Surgery and Social Medicine and Chair Emeritus, Department of Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina


Edward R. Sherwood, MD, PhDProfessor, Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas


Samuel Singer, MDChief, Sarcoma Disease Management Team, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York

Sarcomas de partes blandas

Barbara L. Smith, MD, PhDDirector, Breast Program, Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts

Patología mamaria

W. Roy Smythe, MDChairman, Department of Surgery; Professor of Surgery, Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Scott & White Hospital, Texas A & M University Health Sciences Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas


Seng-jaw Soong, PhDProfessor of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wallace Tumor Institute, Birmingham, Alabama

Melanoma y neoplasias malignas de la piel

Julie Ann Sosa, MA, MDAssistant Professor of Surgery and Clinical Epidemiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut

Glándulas paratiroideas

Ronald A. Squires, MDProfessor, Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

Abdomen agudo

Michael L. Steer, MDChief, General Surgery and Vice Chairman, Department of Surgery, Tufts–New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts

Páncreas endocrino

Michael C. Stoner, MDAssistant Professor, Department of Vascular Surgery, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina


David J. Sugarbaker, MDChief of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

Pared torácica y pleura

Marcus C. B. Tan, MBBS (Hons)Clinical Research Fellow, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri


Ali Tavakkolizadeh, MDAssociate Surgeon, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Instructor in Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts


Nicholas E. Tawa, Jr., MD, PhDAssistant Professor of Surgery (Cell Biology), Harvard Medical School and Associate in Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts

Metabolismo en pacientes quirúrgicos

James C. Thompson, MDDepartment of Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children, Galveston, Texas

Páncreas endocrino

Courtney M. Townsend, Jr., MDProfessor and John Woods Harris Distinguished Chairman, Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas

Páncreas endocrino

Richard H. Turnage, MDProfessor and Chairman, Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana


Robert Udelsman, MD, MBAWilliam H. Carmalt Professor of Surgery and Oncology and Chairman, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut

Glándulas paratiroideas

Marshall M. Urist, MDProfessor and Vice-Chairman, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama

Melanoma y neoplasias malignas de la piel

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Colaboradores xv

Thomas K. Varghese, Jr., MDCardiothoracic Surgery Fellow, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Mediastino

Daniel Vargo, MDAssistant Professor of Surgery, Department of General Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah

Principios de cirugía preoperatoria y operatoria

Derrick C. Wan, MDPost-Doctoral Fellow, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford and General Surgery Resident, Department of Surgery, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California


Brad W. Warner, MDApolline Blair Professor of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine and Surgeon-in-Chief, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri

Cirugía pediátrica

Lawrence W. Way, MDProfessor, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California

Seguridad de los pacientes quirúrgicos

Jordan A. Weinberg, MDAssistant Professor, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama

Bazo

Anthony D. Whittemore, MDProfessor of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts


Bradon J. Wilhelmi, MDLeonard Weiner Endowed Professor, Chief of Plastic Surgery, and Residency Program Director, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky

Reconstrucción mamaria

Courtney G. Williams, MDProfessor, Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas


Steven E. Wolf, MDProfessor of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio and Director of Burns, U.S. Army Institute for Surgical Research, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas

Quemaduras

Heidi Yeh, MDAssistant Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania


Michael W. Yeh, MDAssistant Professor of Surgery, Endocrine Surgical Unit, Division of General Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California

Glándulas suprarrenales

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“Estudiar los fenómenos patológicos sin libros es como navegar por el mar sin cartas de navegación…”

SIR WILLIAM OSLER (1849–1919)

Durante los últimos sesenta y siete años, este texto quirúrgico, dirigido de forma sucesiva por Christopher (cinco ediciones), Davis (cuatro ediciones), Sabiston

(seis ediciones) y en este momento Townsend (tres ediciones), ha sido la carta de navegación a través de la cirugía para varias generaciones de cirujanos durante toda su actividad, desde que eran estudiantes hasta que han llegado a médicos y profesores. El Dr. Townsend y sus tres directores asociados han aumentado las innovaciones que iniciaron en la decimoquinta edición, con lo que reconocen la velocidad de aparición de conocimientos cada vez más importante, la expansión de la práctica quirúrgica y las aplicaciones de las nuevas tecnologías. Esta edición se organiza en trece secciones, que se centran en los principios básicos de la cirugía, los tratamientos quirúrgicos generales según órganos concretos y las superespecia-lidades quirúrgicas, tratando de ajustarse al contenido del examen de certifi cación del American Board of Surgery. El equipo editorial ha incorporado más de cin-cuenta nuevos miembros al elenco de autores de primera línea responsables de los setenta y siete capítulos, que cubren todos los aspectos de la cirugía.

Dentro de los textos quirúrgicos este es el que con más éxito integra la infor-mación obtenida en el laboratorio para aclarar las bases del tratamiento quirúrgico. Cada capítulo se inicia con un esbozo de su contenido y recoge tablas con listas de comprobación para los principios y las prácticas fundamentales. Se ha empleado mucho el color en las fotografías y dibujos representativos y también para resaltar los aspectos más importantes de gráfi cos y tablas. Una característica única de esta obra es que se citan y resumen de forma breve los artículos pioneros, que están fuera del alcance de los programas de búsqueda a corto plazo; con este plantea-miento se trata de informar al lector de cómo se ha llegado a la situación actual.

Los nuevos capítulos sobre aspectos de la seguridad del paciente, intervenciones junto a la cabecera del paciente y medicina regeneradora permiten al lector orientarse dentro de mares previamente inexplorados para la cirugía. El Dr. Townsend y sus colaboradores han enfatizado todavía más la importancia de su trabajo clásico introdu-ciéndolo en el mundo de la educación electrónica. Expert Consult, recurso de la obra original y, por tanto, en lengua inglesa, facilitará el aprendizaje durante toda la vida, ya que permite el acceso en línea al contenido completo del libro, con la posibilidad de realizar búsquedas, y también incluye actualizaciones, vínculos entre las referencias y Medline, la descarga de las ilustraciones y artículos de revistas quirúrgicas, además de preguntas de repaso que se pueden emplear para preparar los exámenes.

En resumen, este volumen supone una nueva referencia para los textos quirúr-gicos. La información que se incluye en esta prestigiosa edición, la tercera del Dr. Townsend y la decimoctava en conjunto, nos permite asegurarle una navegación tranquila en las turbulentas aguas de la cirugía actual.

BASIL A. PRUITT, JR., MD

P R E S E N T A C I Ó N

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La cirugía continúa evolucionando conforme las nuevas tecnologías, técnicas y conocimientos se van incorporando a la asistencia de los pacientes sometidos

a cirugía. La seguridad resulta fundamental en la asistencia quirúrgica de nuestros enfermos. En esta edición del Sabiston Tratado de cirugía hemos incluido un nuevo capítulo sobre nuestra misión y responsabilidad en garantizar la seguridad. Los cirujanos, habituales responsables en las catástrofes civiles masivas, se enfrentan a nuevos problemas y desafíos en la era del bioterrorismo. La cirugía a distancia, basada en la robótica y la tecnología remota, es ya una realidad. Además, en casi todas las intervenciones que implican invasión se están empleando técnicas míni-mamente invasivas. Y también, gracias al mejor conocimiento de las anomalías genéticas moleculares, ha aumentado el uso de intervenciones preventivas para evitar el cáncer.

La decimoctava edición del Sabiston Tratado de cirugía refl eja estos increíbles cambios y nuevos conocimientos. Se han incorporado tres capítulos nuevos y más de cincuenta autores para garantizar que se presenta la información más actualizada. El objetivo es que esta nueva edición siga siendo el tratado más completo, útil, legible y comprensible que presenta los principios y las técnicas de la cirugía. Ha sido pensado para que resulte igualmente útil a estudiantes, licenciados y expertos en este campo. Estamos dispuestos a mantener la tradición de excelencia que comenzó en 1936. Después de todo, la cirugía sigue siendo una disciplina en la que se combinan los conocimientos y la pericia de un cirujano en benefi cio de nuestros pacientes.

COURTNEY M. TOWNSEND, JR., MD

P R E F A C I O

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Nos gustaría reconocer la inestimable contribución del editor Paul Waschka, de los coordinadores de la publicación, Karen Martin, Steve Schuenke y Eileen

Figueroa, y de la administradora Barbara Petit. Su abnegada profesionalidad, infa-tigables esfuerzos y entusiasta colaboración son únicos. Hicieron todo aquello que se les pidió, con frecuencia con unos plazos muy breves o mínimos, y resultaron cruciales para poder completar con éxito la empresa.

Nuestros autores, autoridades muy respetadas en sus respectivos ámbitos, y todos ellos médicos y cirujanos muy ocupados, realizaron un trabajo sobresaliente com-partiendo sus amplios conocimientos.

También queremos agradecer la profesionalidad de nuestros colegas de Elsevier: el director editorial senior Scott Scheidt, la directora de Publicaciones Tina Rebane, la jefa de Proyecto senior Amy Cannon y la directora de Edición Judith Fletcher.

A G R A D E C I M I E N T O S

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14 Infecciones quirúrgicas y elección de antibióticos 299 Daniel A. Anaya, MD, y E. Patchen Dellinger, MD

15 Complicaciones quirúrgicas 328 Mahmoud N. Kulaylat, MD, y Merril T. Dayton, MD

16 Cirugía geriátrica 371 David H. Berger, MD, Alan Dardik, MD,

y Ronnie A. Rosenthal, MD

17 Obesidad mórbida 399 William O. Richards, MD, y Bruce D. Schirmer, MD

18 Principios de anestesiología, tratamiento del dolor y sedación consciente 431

Edward R. Sherwood, MD, PhD, Courtney G. Williams, MD, y Donald S. Prough, MD

19 Tecnología emergente en cirugía: informática, electrónica y robótica 464

Guillermo Gomez, MD

xxiii

Í N D I C E

PRINCIPIOS BÁSICOS EN CIRUGÍA

1 Historia de la cirugía 3 Ira M. Rutkow, MD, MPH, DrPH

2 Ética quirúrgica 21 Ronald A. Carson, PhD

3 Biología molecular y celular 26 Tien C. Ko, MD, y B. Mark Evers, MD

4 Mediadores de la respuesta infl amatoria 44 Louis H. Alarcon, MD, y Mitchell P. Fink, MD

5 Shock, electrólitos y líquidos 69 Richard J. Mullins, MD

6 Principios hematológicos en cirugía 113 Edmund J. Rutherford, MD, Mark E. Brecher, MD,

Samir M. Fakhry, MD, y George F. Sheldon, MD

7 Metabolismo en pacientes quirúrgicos 143 Nicholas E. Tawa, Jr., MD, PhD, y Josef E. Fischer, MD

8 Cicatrización de las heridas 191 Richard T. Ethridge, MD, PhD, Mimi Leong, MD,

y Linda G. Phillips, MD

9 Medicina regeneradora 217 Derrick C. Wan, MD, Matthew D. Kwan, MD,

y Michael T. Longaker, MD, MBA

10 Evaluación crítica de los resultados de la cirugía 226

Samuel R. G. Finlayson, MD, MPH, y John D. Birkmeyer, MD

11 Seguridad de los pacientes quirúrgicos 237 R. Scott Jones, MD, y Lawrence W. Way, MD

S E C C I Ó N I

S E C C I Ó N I I I

TRAUMATISMOS Y CUIDADOS CRÍTICOS

20 Tratamiento del traumatismo agudo 477 David B. Hoyt, MD, Raul Coimbra, MD, y Jose Acosta, MD

21 Tratamiento emergente de lesiones osteomusculares 521

Bruce D. Browner, MD, y Joseph P. DeAngelis, MD

22 Quemaduras 559 James J. Gallagher, MD, Steven E. Wolf, MD,

y David N. Herndon, MD

23 Mordeduras y picaduras 586 Robert L. Norris, MD, Paul S. Auerbach, MD, MS,

y Elaine E. Nelson, MD

24 Tratamiento quirúrgico crítico 602 Charles A. Adams, Jr., MD, Walter L. Biffl , MD,

y William G. Cioffi , MD

25 Intervenciones quirúrgicas junto a la cabecera del paciente 631

Addison K. May, MD, y Jose J. Diaz, MD

26 El papel de los cirujanos en las catástrofes civiles poco convencionales 639

Eric R. Frykberg, MD

S E C C I Ó N I I

TRATAMIENTO PERIOPERATORIO

12 Principios de cirugía preoperatoria y operatoria 251

Leigh Neumayer, MD, y Daniel Vargo, MD

13 Ecografía para cirujanos 280 Christopher J. Dente, MD, y Grace S. Rozycki, MD, RDMS

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S E C C I Ó N V I

CABEZA Y CUELLO

33 Cabeza y cuello 813 Robert R. Lorenz, MD, James L. Netterville, MD,

y Brian B. Burkey, MD

S E C C I Ó N X

S E C C I Ó N V

ONCOLOGÍA QUIRÚRGICA

29 Biología tumoral y marcadores tumorales 737 Marcus C. B. Tan, MBBS (Hons), Peter S. Goedegebuure, PhD,

y Timothy J. Eberlein, MD

30 Melanoma y neoplasias malignas de la piel 767 Marshall M. Urist, MD, y Seng-jaw Soong, PhD

31 Sarcomas de partes blandas 786 Samuel Singer, MD

32 Tumores óseos 800 Ginger E. Holt, MD, y Herbert S. Schwartz, MD

S E C C I Ó N V I I I

S E C C I Ó N V I I

MAMA

34 Patología mamaria 851 J. Dirk Iglehart, MD, y Barbara L. Smith, MD, PhD

35 Reconstrucción mamaria 899 Bradon J. Wilhelmi, MD, y Linda G. Phillips, MD

SISTEMA ENDOCRINO

36 Tiroides 917 John B. Hanks, MD, y Leslie J. Salomone, MD

37 Glándulas paratiroideas 955 Julie Ann Sosa, MA, MD, y Robert Udelsman, MD, MBA

38 Páncreas endocrino 976 James C. Thompson, MD, y Courtney M. Townsend, Jr., MD

S E C C I Ó N I X

ESÓFAGO

41 Esófago 1049 Mary Maish, MD

42 Hernia de hiato y enfermedad por refl ujo gastroesofágico 1108

Brant K. Oelschlager, MD, Thomas R. Eubanks, DO, y Carlos A. Pellegrini, MD

ABDOMEN

43 Pared abdominal, ombligo, peritoneo, mesenterios, epiplón y retroperitoneo 1129

Richard H. Turnage, MD, Kathryn A. Richardson, MD, Benjamin D. Li, MD, y John C. McDonald, MD

44 Hernias 1155 Mark A. Malangoni, MD, y Michael J. Rosen, MD

45 Abdomen agudo 1180 Russell G. Postier, MD, y Ronald A. Squires, MD

46 Hemorragia digestiva aguda 1199 Ali Tavakkolizadeh, MD, Joel E. Goldberg, MD,

y Stanley W. Ashley, MD

47 Estómago 1223 David W. Mercer, MD, y Emily K. Robinson, MD

48 Intestino delgado 1278 B. Mark Evers, MD

49 El apéndice 1333 John Maa, MD, y Kimberly S. Kirkwood, MD

50 Colon y recto 1348 Robert D. Fry, MD, Najjia Mahmoud, MD, David J. Maron, MD,

Howard M. Ross, MD, y John Rombeau, MD

51 Ano 1433 Heidi Nelson, MD, y Robert R. Cima, MD

52 Hígado 1463 Michael D’Angelica, MD, y Yuman Fong, MD

53 Complicaciones quirúrgicas de la cirrosis y de la hipertensión portal 1524

Layton F. Rikkers, MD

54 Sistema biliar 1547 Ravi S. Chari, MD, y Shimul A. Shah, MD

55 Páncreas exocrino 1589 Michael L. Steer, MD

56 Bazo 1624 R. Daniel Beauchamp, MD, Michael D. Holzman, MD, MPH,

Timothy C. Fabian, MD, y Jordan A. Weinberg, MD

xxiv Índice

S E C C I Ó N I V

TRASPLANTES E INMUNOLOGÍA

27 Inmunología de los trasplantes e inmunodepresión 655

Darla K. Granger, MD, y Suzanne T. Ildstad, MD

28 Trasplante de órganos abdominales 692 James F. Markmann, MD, PhD, Heidi Yeh, MD, Ali Naji, MD, PhD,

Kim M. Olthoff, MD, Abraham Shaked, MD, PhD, y Clyde F. Barker, MD

39 Glándulas suprarrenales 997 Quan-Yang Duh, MD, y Michael W. Yeh, MD

40 Síndromes de neoplasia endocrina múltiple 1031 Terry C. Lairmore, MD, y Jeffrey F. Moley, MD

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S E C C I Ó N X I

TÓRAX

57 Pared torácica y pleura 1655 David J. Sugarbaker, MD, y Jeanne M. Lukanich, MD

58 Mediastino 1677 Thomas K. Varghese, Jr., MD, y Christine L. Lau, MD

59 Pulmón (incluyendo embolia pulmonar y síndrome del desfi ladero torácico) 1698

W. Roy Smythe, MD, Scott I. Reznik, MD, y Joe B. Putnam, Jr., MD

60 Cardiopatías congénitas 1749 Charles D. Fraser, Jr., MD, y Kathleen E. Carberry, RN

61 Cardiopatías adquiridas: insufi ciencia coronaria 1790

Victor A. Ferraris, MD, PhD, y Robert M. Mentzer, Jr., MD

62 Cardiopatías adquiridas: valvulares 1833 David A. Fullerton, MD, y Alden H. Harken, MD

S E C C I Ó N X I I

SISTEMA VASCULAR

63 Vasculatura torácica con énfasis en la aorta torácica 1853

Hazim J. Safi , MD, Anthony L. Estrera, MD, Charles C. Miller, III, PhD, Ali Azizzadeh, MD, y Eyal E. Porat, MD

64 Trastornos cerebrovasculares 1882 Thomas Stuart Riles, MD, y Caron B. Rockman, MD

65 Vasculopatías aneurismáticas 1907 Peter Gloviczki, MD, y Joseph J. Ricotta, II, MD

66 Arteriopatía oclusiva periférica 1941 Michael Belkin, MD, Christopher D. Owens, MD,

Anthony D. Whittemore, MD, Magruder C. Donaldson, MD, Michael S. Conte, MD, y Edwin Gravereaux, MD Í N D I C E A L F A B É T I C O 2287

S E C C I Ó N X I I I

ESPECIALIDADES EN CIRUGÍA GENERAL

71 Cirugía pediátrica 2047 Brad W. Warner, MD

72 Neurocirugía 2090 Joel T. Patterson, MD, Fadi Hanbali, MD, Robbi L. Franklin, MD,

y Haring J. W. Nauta, MD, PhD

73 Cirugía plástica 2131 John L. Burns, MD, y Steven J. Blackwell, MD

74 Cirugía de la mano 2154 David Netscher, MD, y Nicholas Fiore, MD

75 Cirugía ginecológica 2201 Stephen S. Entman, MD, Cornelia R. Graves, MD,

Barry K. Jarnagin, MD, y Gautam G. Rao, MD

76 Cirugía en la paciente embarazada 2236 Dean J. Mikami, MD, Paul R. Beery, MD,

y E. Christopher Ellison, MD

77 Cirugía urológica 2251 Aria F. Olumi, MD, y Jerome P. Richie, MD

Índice xxv

67 Traumatismo vascular 1980 Asher Hirshberg, MD, y Kenneth L. Mattox, MD

68 Enfermedades venosas 2002 Julie A. Freischlag, MD, y Jennifer A. Heller, MD

69 Sistema linfático 2020 Iraklis I. Pipinos, MD, y B. Timothy Baxter, MD

70 Puntos de acceso vascular y conexiones 2029 Frank M. Parker, DO, Michael C. Stoner, MD,

y Carl E. Haisch, MD

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