College DevianceRyan Brehmer

Ottawa University

Three Deviant or Illegal Behaviors College Kids Engage In

1. Heavy Drinking2. Drug Use (Illegal and Prescription)

3. Gambling

Heavy Drinking, Some Consquences-Social Acceptance-Drinking at college has become a ritual that students often see as an integral part of their higher education experience (NIH, 2015).-Academic -About 1 in 4 college students report academic consequences from drinking, including missing class, falling behind in class, doing poorly on exams or papers, and receiving lower grades overall (NIH, 2015).-Legal/Othersuicide attempts, health problems, injuries, unsafe sex, and driving under the influence of alcohol, as well as vandalism, property damage, and involvement with the police (NIH, 2015).

Heavy Drinking Justifications

Socially Acceptable “Everyone Is Doing It” “I Can Stop Whenever I want” You Only Live Once Gibbions (2013) reported, “New study

shows that students who binge drink are more happy than those who don't. This is another reason for students to justify their actions on campus” (para. 3).

Why Underage Drinking is Illegal

Teenagers are not responsible enough to handle alcohol

Physical consequences› Brain Damage

Research shows that brain development continues well into a person’s twenties. Alcohol can affect this development, and contribute to a range of problems (NIH, n.d.).

› Significant Impairment

Drug Use (Illegal or Legal), Some Consequences -Overdose/Medical-Death, significant medical bills-Over 60% of all college women who have contracted STDs were intoxicated at the time that they were infected (FIT.edu, n.d.). -Dependence-Become and addict, essentially ruining one’s life-Legal -Arrest and conviction can affect educational journey as well as the rest of adult life-Academic-You may find it difficult to make good decisions, to make them quickly or to be realistic when you make them ( FIT.edu, n.d.).

Drug Use Justifications Experimental Phase of Life Socially Acceptable Peer Pressure

› Some feel pressured to use drugs or alcohol at social gatherings either because everyone else seems to be doing it, or because they believe it’s the cool thing to do (FIT.edu, n.d.).

Florida Institute of Technology (n.d.) reported, “Sometimes, these drugs act as a substitute for satisfying relationships, educational accomplishments or self-fulfillment” (p. 1).

Help Academia› Dubbed the “study drug,” Adderall and other stimulants are

increasing in popularity among college students who are facing pressure to meet all of their academic requirements (Addiction Center, 2015).

Why Drugs and Drug Use are Illegal

Significant Bodily Consequence Impairment

› Judgment› Time, Distance, Space› Decision Making› Incoherence

Dangerous to Ingest› Unknown Source of Drug(s)

Gambling, Some Consequences-Loss of Money-Unmanageable Debt leading to dropping out of college-Legal-Gambling is Illegal-Health Concerns/Academic -The most recent research estimates that 6 percent of college students in the U.S. have a serious gambling problem that can result in psychological difficulties, unmanageable debt and failing grades (CollegeGambling.org, n.d.)- Compared to students without gambling problems, students with gambling problems are more likely to use tobacco, drink heavily or binge drink, smoke marijuana or use other illegal drugs, drive under the influence and have a low GPA (CollegeGambling.org, n.d.)

Gambling Justifications It is Fun Stress Reliever Exciting Cannot Stop/Addicted to it

Why Gambling is Illegal Addictive Easily Corrupted

› Cheating is Tempting› Creates Environment in Which Crime

Thrives Winnings Usually Not Regulated by

Government (private games)

Drinking, Drugs, Gambling-Theses three issues feed into one another

-Each Help the other spiral out of control if not closely monitored by an individual

-All three can lead to significant plight for an individual-Legal problems-Addiction-Loss of money, time, potential, future

Probation/Parole and Social Bonds

Programs in Place to Re-Establish Social Bonds

Integrate offenders into Society to become productive members of society› Keeping them involved with those who set

good examples rather than bad› Faith based programs for learning

Probation/Parole and Social Bonds, Cont.

Hold offenders accountable by providing offenders with goals

Provide Programs Involving People who Set Good Examples For Offenders on How to Conduct Their Lives

Examples of Programs-Mentoring-Many communities have initiated mentoring programs in which adult mentors spend time with and act as role models for individual youth (NRJCS, n.d.).-Evidence from 10 evaluations of mentoring programs consistently indicates that noncontingent, supportive mentoring relationships have not had the desired effect on academic achievement, school attendance, decisions to drop out, various aspects of child behavior (NRJCS, n.d.).-Faith Based Integration -Go Milwaukee.com reported, “ Word of Hope Ministries the reintegration of Ex-Offenders Adult Generation 5 project is focused on serving ex-offenders at least 18 years of age, who are returning from incarceration” (para. 7).-Milwaukee County (WI) House of Corrections Program

Examples of Programs, Cont.

Fatherhood: conducted by My Father’s House- Serving male inmates in a six week program focusing on cognitive thinking, parental roles with extended resources upon release(GoMilwaukee, n.d.)› Milwaukee County (WI) House of

Corrections Program

Some Programs Work, Some Do Not

Social Bond Programs may or may not work› All individual based› Many factors go into success

Programs that have good leadership and accountability work better› High sense achievement for offenders› Offenders actually make a life for

themselves

Reference Addiction Center. (2015, December). Why

College Students Turn to Drugs. Retrieved from https://www.addictioncenter.com/college/

CollegeGambling.org (n.d.). Fact Sheet: Gambling Disorders among College Students.

Retrieved from http://www.collegegambling.org/just-facts/gambling-disorders-among-college- students

Florida Institute of Technology. (n.d.). The Effects of Drugs and Alcohol on Academic Life.

Retrieved from http://www.fit.edu/caps/documents/effects%20 of%20drugs.pdf

Reference, Cont. Gibbons, M. (2013). How do Students Justify Drinking?

Retrieved from https://storify.com/melissagibbons3/how-do-students- justify-drinking

GoMilwaukee.gov. (n.d.). Programs. Retrieved from http://county.milwaukee.gov/HOC/About- Us/Programs.htm

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (2015, December). College Drinking. Retrieved from

http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/CollegeFactSheet/CollegeFactSheet.pdf

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (n.d.). Underage Drinking. Retrieved from

https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-health/special-populations-co-occurring-disorders/underage-drinking