Ryan Adams Andrew Beam

Michael Francesconi Noushin Sharmeli

Zoe Waide Austin White

• Sea level water way running across the isthmus of Suez, Egypt

• Connects the Mediterranean and Red Seas

• Shortest maritime route between Europe and lands lying around the Western Pacific Oceans

• The canal extends 101 miles (163 kilometers)

Construction: April 1859 - November 1869People no longer had to travel around AfricaNo locks; water flows freely through the

canalOwned and maintained by the Suez Canal

AuthorityIn time of war any country may use the canal

peacefully

• May, 1916• During WWI• Named after Sir Mark Sykes

(Britain) and Francois Georges-Picot (France)

• Secret convention made between Britain, France, and with the assent of Russia

• Arabs wanted to revolt against the Ottoman Empire

• France and Britain were prepared to recognize and protect an independent Arab state or a confederation of Arab states

• Partition/downfall of the Ottoman Empire

• Division of Turkish-owned Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, and Palestine into French and British administered areas

The Balfour Declaration

• Nations with the allies supported the Declaration

• Palestinian Arabs felt betrayed, they were also promised the land

• Both Jews and Arabs felt betrayed

• Jews emigrated to Palestine, Arabs felt threatened and conflict arose

The Balfour Declaration

• 1901-19181901-1918

• Early BP called Anglo-Persian Oil Early BP called Anglo-Persian Oil CompanyCompany

• Funded by William D’arcyFunded by William D’arcy

• Search for first oil led by George Search for first oil led by George ReynoldsReynolds

• Found first oil in Persia: May 26,1908Found first oil in Persia: May 26,1908

Early BP

Early BP• Company now had oil, but few companiesCompany now had oil, but few companies• Winston Churchill supported the companyWinston Churchill supported the company• Believed that they could give Britain a Believed that they could give Britain a

steady supply of oilsteady supply of oil• WWI broke out, company had no shortage WWI broke out, company had no shortage

of customersof customers• British government seized BP’s assets, British government seized BP’s assets,

gave them to Anglo-Persian Oil Company gave them to Anglo-Persian Oil Company during WWIduring WWI

• BP: German company based in Britain BP: German company based in Britain thenthen

•Exploration for oil began in 1860s•1908—search in Egypt began, but failed•Later on, British company struck oil in PERSIA (now Iran) ----------- first BIG oil find in middle east-----------•D’Arcy—oil man

• 1908-BIGGEST oil field in the world (at that time) found in D’Arcy’s territory•1909→Anglo-Persian Oil→Anglo-Iranian Oil →British Petroleum

•black gold• provides power for automobiles, airplanes, factories, farm equipment, trains, ships and MORE •generates heat and electricity for many houses and businesses.

WORKS CONSULTEDWORKS CONSULTED• http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/middle_east/2001/israel_and_the_palestinians/key_documents/1681362.stm• http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/sykes_picot_agreement.htm• http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/577523/Sykes-Picot-Agreement• http://israelipalestinian.procon.org/view.answers.php?questionID=496• http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/britain-and-france-conclude-sykes-picot-agreement• http://www.americanroyaltycouncil.com/Resources/HistoryofOil/tabid/109/Default.aspx• http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/darcy-william-knox-5882• http://school.eb.com/eb/article-43475?query=middle eastern oil companies&ct=null• http://school.eb.com/eb/article-50719?query=early oil production&ct=null• http://www.geohelp.net/world.html• http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/balfour_declaration_of_1917.htm• http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/balfour.asp• http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/50162/Balfour-Declaration• http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9014440&contentId=7027520• http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9014441&contentId=7027521• http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/80326/BP-PLC • http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/92049/canal• http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/571673/Suez-Canal• http://www.menl.org• http://www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/article?id=ar341640&st=mandate+system• http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_was_the_World_War_1_mandate_system• Leczowski, George. The Middle East in World Affairs, 4th edition. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1980.• Walters, F.P. A History of the League of Nations. London and New York: Oxford University Press, 1952.• http://wa8.wikispaces.com/League+of+Nations