Rural Water Supply Network

RWSN Webinars – mini series 2017

November 2017

Webinar 2:

“Grown up” finance for rural water?

Are the rural water poor a bankable prospect? - payment behaviours, digital data, performance models

Presented by Johanna Koehler on behalf of Water Programme Team, SSEE, University of Oxford

Private and public finance for rural water supply in Africa

= countries with rural water cost recovery policy with O&M under CBM; est. annual O&M expenditure c. USD1bn p.a.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

LiberiaZimbabwe

LesothoMalawiZambia

MaliSouth AfricaMadagascar

TanzaniaNigeria

Weighted averageKenya

Burkina FasoUganda

MozambiqueGhana

BotswanaSenegal

BeninNamibia

Cape Verde

Rural households paying for water (2008-09)1

1. Waterpoints analysed include standpipes, kiosks, handpumps and protected springs. Analysis excludes waterpoints located in urban areas. Data drawn from publicly available waterpoint datasets (Virtual Kenya, 2015; National Water Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion Committee, 2014; Sierra Leone, STATWASH Portal 2014; Government of Tanzania, 2014; Government of Uganda, 2012). For additional data see Waterpoint Data Exchange http://www.waterpointdata.org/

Private and public finance for rural water supply in Africa

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Tanzania Kenya Uganda Liberia SierraLeone

Revenue collection rates1

Rural utility collection rate (piped schemes)

Standpipes/kiosks with revenue collection

Handpumps with revenue collection

8%

22%

13%

24%

10%

16%

34%

25%

43%

26%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

Kenya Liberia SierraLeone

Tanzania Uganda

Rural waterpoint non-functionality rates (n=183,149)1

With revenue collection Without revenue collection

1. Waterpoints analysed include standpipes, kiosks, handpumps and protected springs. Analysis excludes waterpoints located in urban areas. Data drawn from publicly available waterpoint datasets (Virtual Kenya, 2015; National Water Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion Committee, 2014; Sierra Leone, STATWASH Portal 2014; Government of Tanzania, 2014; Government of Uganda, 2012). For additional data see Waterpoint Data Exchange http://www.waterpointdata.org/

Multi-decadal payment analysis from coastal Kenya

Refs: Foster & Hope (2016); Foster & Hope (2017); Foster (2017)

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Payment rate (% users paying) (Monthly payments, 1990-2013)

Multi-decadal payment analysis from coastal Kenya

Refs: Foster & Hope (2016); Foster & Hope (2017); Foster (2017)

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Payment rate (% users paying) (Monthly payments, 1990-2013)

Data - 229 years of financial records from 100 handpumps with >50,000 payment records Predictors of payment: • Distance to waterpoint • Water quality (pH, taste) • Productive use • Seasonality Late payment and non-payment

are prevalent Payment behaviour a ‘socio-

ecological’ response Higher revenue collection, higher

unimproved use

From analogue to digital verification - performance, planning, investment

Refs: Thomson et al. (2012); Hope et al. (2014); Foster et al. (2015) Thomson (forthcoming);

From analogue to digital verification - performance, planning, investment

Refs: Thomson et al. (2012); Hope et al. (2014); Foster et al. (2015) Thomson (forthcoming);

From analogue to digital verification - performance, planning, investment

Refs: Thomson et al. (2012); Hope et al. (2014); Foster et al. (2015) Thomson (forthcoming);

From analogue to digital verification - performance, planning, investment

Refs: Thomson et al. (2012); Hope et al. (2014); Foster et al. (2015) Thomson (forthcoming);

From analogue to digital verification - performance, planning, investment

Refs: Thomson et al. (2012); Hope et al. (2014); Foster et al. (2015) Thomson (forthcoming);

From analogue to digital verification - performance, planning, investment

Refs: Thomson et al. (2012); Hope et al. (2014); Foster et al. (2015) Thomson (forthcoming);

Project performance data from FundiFix model - KHSL (Kwale county) and Miambani Ltd. (Kitui county), Kenya

Project performance data from FundiFix model - KHSL (Kwale county) and Miambani Ltd. (Kitui county), Kenya

0%

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Feb15

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Miambani Ltd. (Kitui) Collection efficiency

Project performance data from FundiFix model - KHSL (Kwale county) and Miambani Ltd. (Kitui county), Kenya

Project performance data from FundiFix model - KHSL (Kwale county) and Miambani Ltd. (Kitui county), Kenya

0%

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Feb15

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Miambani Ltd. (Kitui) Collection efficiency

0%

5%

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30%

Jan16

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Okt17

Working Ratio-Kitui Working Ratio-Kwale

Management dispute

Water Services Maintenance Trust Fund - pooling financial risk so no one is left behind

Rural Water Supply Network

RWSN Webinars – mini series 2017

November 2017