Rwanda Consultative Workshop Report FINAL EN/Youth... · very little opportunity within educational...

Kigali, Rwanda

September 25, 2015

National Consultative Workshop

Pathways for expanding economic opportunities for Rwandan youth:

The role of research and evidence

WORKSHOP REPORT

Consultative Workshop on Youth Employment - Rwanda 1 | P a g e

Contents

I. Background and introduction .................................................................................................................. 2

II. Workshop Findings: Challenges to youth employment .......................................................................... 3

III. Workshop Findings: Facilitating school-to-work transitions .................................................................. 6

IV. The role of research in responding to youth employment challenges .................................................. 8

V. Conclusion .............................................................................................................................................. 9

Annex A: Workshop agenda ...................................................................................................................... 10

Annex B: List of participants ..................................................................................................................... 12


I. Background and introduction

The Institute for Policy Analysis and Research (IPAR), in collaboration with Canada’s International

Development Research Centre (IDRC), organized a national consultative workshop on youth employment on

September 25, 2015 in Kigali. The workshop was part of a series of three such events supported by IDRC and

the MasterCard Foundation as part of a wide-ranging initiative to deliberate on the role of research in

supporting efforts to unlock the potential of Africa’s youth. The other two were held in Dar es Salaam,

Tanzania and Lusaka, Zambia.

Titled Pathways for expanding economic opportunities for Rwandan Youth: The Role of research and evidence,

the workshop brought together key stakeholders to discuss the state of youth employment and under-

employment in Rwanda, identify ways to enhance the employability and entrepreneurial skills of young

Rwandans, and explore what kind of evidence is needed to support this. Presentations from the private

sector, the Ministry of Youth and ICT, the Ministry of Labour and Employment, implementing agencies,

training institutes, researchers and academia, as well as interventions from young people themselves,

outlined the current situation for young people transitioning from education to work, the obstacles they face,

and some of the possible remedies.

The workshop started off with an overview of the landscape of Rwanda’s youth employment, based on a

scoping paper commissioned by IDRC and the MasterCard Foundation, to provide context to the ensuing

discussion.

It was noted that Rwanda has enjoyed

sustained economic growth over the last

decade and is on course to achieve the

targets set out in its Economic

Development and Poverty Reduction

Strategy. This growth, however, has not led

to increases in youth employment to the

same extent. This is particularly important

because the youth (15-35 years old) make

up over 40 percent of Rwanda’s population

and hence constitute a major pillar of the

country’s development.

More than 125,000 young people enter Rwanda’s labour market every year. The overall youth unemployment

rate is low, at 4.1% (national unemployment stands at around 2%). The official measure of employment

captures many individuals who are engaging in activities solely to ensure their survival. The unemployment

data therefore masks a serious problem of underemployment among Rwanda’s youth. Two-thirds of the

employable youth work less than what they are willing to and in jobs that do not realize their full potential

nor provide any form of social protection. The vast majority of young Rwandans are self-employed, mostly in

agriculture. In addition to absorbing the thousands of young people that enter the labour market each year,

Rwanda’s economy will thus have to expand at a rate fast enough to generate higher paying and more secure

jobs for those already active in the labour force.

Skills mismatch and lack of employable skills are major challenges that the Rwandan government and other

actors grapple with in the fight to boost youth employment and livelihoods. Unemployment is more prevalent

Mr. Sachin Gathani, Managing Partner of Laterite Ltd. sharing key insights

from a scoping paper on youth employment in Rwanda.


among urban youth and among girls. Those with tertiary education also seem to be the most likely to be

unemployed, which points to the disconnect between the education system and what the job market needs.

Youth unemployment and under-employment thus remain major concerns for government and other

stakeholders in Rwanda, as in most other African countries. Of particular importance and the motivating

factor for the workshop was the need to uncover where the evidence gaps lie and what role research can play

in underpinning effective policy making and implementation. This report highlights some of the key insights

from the workshop discussion.

II. Workshop Findings: Challenges to youth employment Workshop participants recognised that the government of Rwanda is making serious efforts to resolve the

problem of youth unemployment, especially among tertiary-institution graduates. They also pointed out that

underemployment is also a pressing issue that should receive more

attention from policy makers and other stakeholders, including

educational institutions. While the statistics appear to show that

unemployment among young Rwandans is among the lowest in

Africa, the quality and length of that employment is unclear.

Several interventions pointed out that many young people struggle

to make ends meet and search for additional jobs to supplement

their earnings. The situation is particularly acute in the countryside,

where young people are employed in agriculture, usually on their

own or their family plots, but cannot survive on the income they

receive from farming.

The situation for tertiary-institution graduates is a particular one

and one that has received specific attention from the government.

The latest Rwanda Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey –

released just a week prior to the workshop – sounded an alarm bell

with regards to the rise in graduate unemployment. According to

the data, some 13.5% of Rwandans with a university degree are

unemployed – almost 7 times higher than the national

unemployment rate. The Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of

Public Service and Labour, Mr. Samuel Mulindwa, underscored the problem of skills mismatch and stressed

the need to impart young people with employable skills. The government is emphasising skills development as

a key tool to tackle this problem.

Institutions of higher learning are producing some 20,000 graduates of tertiary education every year, but they

constitute the body of young people with the lowest proportion of employment. Overall, young people who

seek employment after education are unable to achieve their ambitions and, though they may be formally

employed for statistical purposes, they are under-employed, given their capacities and their aspirations.

Several speakers at the workshop, including young graduates themselves, pointed out that the education

received from institutes of higher learning are not connected to what the job market requires, or are

concentrated in areas where there is already an oversupply. One of the youth participants – a graduate of

Microbiology at the former Kigali Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) – shared his experience that

Mr. Samuel Mulindwa, Permanent Secretary of

Public Service and Labour addressing workshop

participants.


typifies the challenges many young graduates face. Upon finishing his studies in 2012, he found that there are

practically no job opportunities for someone with his expertise. After a relentless search for a job, he went

back to acquire new set of skills in rural development, which eventually helped him obtain a job. The objective

of obtaining a tertiary diploma appears to trump its usefulness in the employment market, so that young

graduates emerge from education with expectations that cannot be met. The fault, they noted, is not all that

of the students, since the institutions offering tertiary studies also do not encourage students to take courses

relevant to their future working lives.

The notion of “employability” dominated much of the discussion, both from the perspective of employers in

the private sector as well as that of the youth. Young people recognised that they contribute to the problem

of unemployment and underemployment by not taking advantage of the opportunities that do exist on the

jobs market, albeit limited. They appear to lack flexibility and limit themselves to seeking employment in their

chosen field or geographical area, rather than being more adaptable and prepared to move around. They may

also not be adaptable enough within their chosen field by being too narrowly focused on one area of study or

career.

On the other hand, the

workshop also heard

that educational

institutions have a

rather narrow

conception of

education, with little or

no opportunity to

sample a working

environment before

leaving school or

college. They also offer

limited work-related

disciplines, such as

bookkeeping or

computer skills. There is

very little opportunity within educational institutions for career guidance or mentorship. Young people

present at the workshop identified career guidance and mentorship as two things that would make a big

difference in their attempts to find work, especially as entrepreneurs but also in paid employment.

While acknowledging the reality that self-employment will remain the only option for many young people in

the foreseeable future, there was also a clear recognition that not everyone can become an entrepreneur.

Part of this has to do with the fact that the formal education system is not geared to cultivating

entrepreneurial skills. Aspirations of young people also matter a lot in determining whether young people

simply see self-employment as a survival strategy or to thrive. Many young people also pointed that society

does not value entrepreneurship, but rather measures success by the ability to obtain a white collar job.

Workshop participants also raised the issue of preparing students to be active participants in their strategies

for making a career path and stressed the importance of “soft skills”. The lack of soft skills – interpersonal

communication, time management, self-presentation, language and expression, computer literacy and

analytical competence – is a serious handicap for young people in interviews for the most desirable and

Workshop participants reflecting on the challenges and opportunities for boosting youth

employment prospects.


better paying jobs. Such skills, workshop participants noted, are generally neglected in the formal educational

system. The challenge young people face in finding out the requirements of the job market or of available

employment opportunities was another issue raised. It was noted that by helping students understand how

the job market works, what opportunities are available and how to prepare themselves to take those

opportunities, institutes of training or general education can fill a gap in young people’s knowledge and give

them the support they need to be successful in their search for good employment.

Institutes of higher learning and, indeed, students themselves, were criticised in the workshop for failing to

follow up on their graduates and for not maintaining networks of alumni. If institutions knew what happened

to their graduates and if those graduates kept in touch with each other, a better picture wold emerge of the

career paths that had been taken. It would also enable the institutions to identify which of their study streams

led to employment and those that did not. This would enable the institutions to tailor their courses to the

most likely positive outcomes, rather than continuing to produce graduates who, in the end, become

unemployable or destined to disappointment as they find jobs that do not use their full potential. In a similar

vein, graduates who kept in touch with each other, it was felt, could share information on where jobs were

available and what kind of employers were looking for their particular skills and qualifications.

Linked to the idea that the educational curriculum should be amended to take account of the needs of the

economy and the jobs market is the notion that the country is biased towards offering “intellectual

education”, as opposed to practical training. Indeed, some participants claimed that technical schools had

been closing and technical courses had been curtailed, even though there was ample evidence that Rwanda

was facing a shortage of technical skills. There is a need, participants pointed, for the government to take a

“whole economy” view that takes account of the needs of every level and sector so as to better respond to all

sectors and empower students to find gainful and satisfying employment.

Although the discussions focused mostly on paid employment, challenges young people face when setting up

their own business were also highlighted. Access to finance is a key constraint noted, with youth seen as

“risky” to financial institutions. The lack of entrepreneurial skills is also a serious challenge that limits the

potential of youth businesses to flourish.

Rwandan authorities are well aware of the challenges and have come up with various contingency solutions,

including the government’s guiding policy documents, Vision 2020 and its second Economic Development and

Poverty Reduction Strategy (EDPRS II) which recognizes that Rwanda’s most valuable natural resource is its

people and makes employment a national priority. The Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Public Service

and Labour noted that the government is emphasising skills development as a key tool to tackle the problem.


What role can civil society organisations (CSOs) play, and what of the private sector? There was widespread

recognition that CSOs make an important contribution to the search for solutions to youth underemployment

and unemployment, as well as to young people’s job satisfaction. It was noted that organizations such as DOT-

Rwanda, Technoserve, and Education Development Centre (EDC) – among others – have developed

innovative programs and approaches to enhance skills and youth livelihoods. Such efforts seem to be heading

in the right direction, and could be extended to benefit more young people.

Likewise, the private sector is also playing an important role in skills upgrading and support for business

development for young people. At the same time, the workshop heard that it also needs to see young people

as assets and not a liability. Representatives from the private sector on their part noted that young people

need to show initiative and develop a good work ethics. Some noted the difficulty in finding committed young

people who can take advantage of existing opportunities and work hard to gain the experience needed to

advance their career.

Questions about co-ordination among the different actors, including public-private partnerships, were raised

in the context of deepening impact and to avoid potential duplication of efforts. Participants called for

maximised exploitation of synergies between the different CSO programmes and better co-ordination among

them and with educational programmes and institutions run by the government. They also point that more

needs to be known about the current impact of various interventions and the potential for scale up.

III. Workshop Findings: Facilitating school-to-work transitions

The role of government, civil society actors and the private sector in helping young people effectively

transition into the world of work was an underlying focus of the workshop discussion. A number of key

lessons and recommendations emerged:

Workshop panelists sharing experiences of civil society organizations in helping young people acquire marketable skills.


Address the skills deficit/mismatch. The

testimonies of young people at the workshop

spoke clearly to the mismatch that is becoming a

major impediment to their transition into work.

There was a general recognition that technical

and vocational education and training (TVET)

institutions can play an important role in helping

young people acquire marketable skills. However,

it is not evident that these institutions are indeed

filling the skills deficit. Ways to enhance

effectiveness of such programs and finding

innovative solutions for addressing the skills gap

should be a key government priority. At the same time, in all institutions and levels within the system of

education, so-called “soft skills” need to receive more emphasis to endow students with the means to secure

employment and/or set up on their own. In general, the education and training system needs to be better

aligned with the needs of the labour market, and should foster “critical thinking”.

Provide incentives for mentorship and on-the-job training. Workshop participants – particularly the youth –

noted that support for internship programs, career guidance and mentoring would help ease entry into the

labour market. This, they felt, should be an integral part of the education system and should start from an

early stage.

Support young entrepreneurs. Participants noted that although Rwanda has policies that facilitate youth

employment and access to finance, challenges remain. For example access to finance for small entrepreneurs

is difficult. Young people are particularly disadvantaged as they are considered “risky”. As well, schools

prepare young people for illusive formal sector jobs, and hence young people who set up their own

businesses often lack business development and management skills. Fostering entrepreneurial skills from

early ages will help better equip young people for productive self-employment. Providing an enabling

environment that fosters and rewards innovations and entrepreneurial spirit among youth – through for

example financial inclusion and market linkages – would also help address some of the challenges of low

productivity and underemployment.

Address barriers that limit young girls from economic activities. The scoping paper on youth employment in

Rwanda highlighted that the gender gaps in youth economic participation is stark in the country.

Unemployment is highest among young women (4.9%, as opposed to 3.2% for young men) and when they are

employed, they work fewer hours than men. Efforts to facilitate school-to-work transition thus need to

uncover and address the barriers that hold young Rwandans from participating actively in the labour market.

Learn from experience of other countries. Some participants pointed out similar experiences from other

countries can help inform Rwanda in the design of effective interventions. They note that other countries in

Africa and in other parts of the world grapple with similar challenges in preparing youth for successful

transitions from school to work, and may have lessons that could be applied in Rwanda.


IV. The role of research in responding to youth employment challenges

The Permanent Secretary for the Ministry of Youth and ICT, Mrs.

Rosemary Mbabazi, stressed in her opening remarks the importance

of building policies based on research and evidence, and

underscored the value of the consultative approach for policy

making. While the government has made youth employment a

priority, she recognised that policy gaps remain and insufficient

understanding and analysis of policies that had worked and those

that had not.

The following are highlights of the main research gaps that emerged

from the workshop discussions.

Understanding the nature and implications of

underemployment

Workshop participants recognised the prevalence of

underemployment among young people, yet also acknowledged the

difficulty in identifying and quantifying the levels of

underemployment among young Rwandans. As long as the extent

of underemployment remains unknown, the right policies to tackle

it may be elusive. It would be beneficial to better understand the

nature and dynamics of underemployment in Rwanda – what is the experience of an underemployed worker

in the labour market, how does this vary by sector, by gender, by skill level or age? What are the bottlenecks

preventing young people from securing more formal, stable employment? As long as the extent of

underemployment remains unknown, the right policies to tackle it may be elusive.

Assessing the skills mismatch

While there was a general consensus at the workshop about the mismatch between the skills imparted

through formal education and the needs of the labour market, there was also agreement that those needs

have not yet been accurately assessed in any systematic fashion. As well, demand side information is also

lacking, pointing to the need to connect young people to employers and to employment opportunities that

exist. Assessment of the skill needs of the Rwandan labour market would help develop tailored training that

meets the demands of the labour market. This information wold also be vital for young people who are trying

to plan a career, so that they do not choose courses that may be irrelevant to their working lives at the

expense of those that could help them find a job. At the same time, ways to boost employment prospects for

youth in key sectors need to also be explored to help address demand-side constraints in creating more and

better jobs.

Examining gender gaps

Understanding the gender gaps in labour market participation and the reasons women diminish their hours

worked and increasingly leave the labour force is important for designing interventions to support female

employment. The scale of gender differences in the Rwandan labour market is puzzling as Rwanda is

performing extremely well on measures of gender equality in educational enrolment and in government, and

needs particular attention. Better understanding is needed on the different experiences of young men and

young women as they try to enter and advance through the world of work.

Mrs. Rosemary Mbabazi, Permanent Secretary

of the Ministry of Youth and ICT delivering an

opening remark at the workshop.


Examining the impact of youth-targeted initiatives

The workshop discussions brought to light that various policies and interventions are in place to tackle youth

un/underemployment. Yet rigorous analysis of what works and what is scalable is largely absent. There is a

need to carry out rigorous evaluation of the effectiveness of interventions targeted at youth – be it internship

schemes, vocational training programs, or others. This is sorely lacking and yet is essential to equip the

government and other actors with solid knowledge about what works and what does not to improve

employment prospects for the youth. Skills training for example is a tool that the government and many other

key actors have championed to enhance youth employability, and will continue to do so in the forseeable

future. Yet there is lack of rigorous assessment of what kind of training is effective in helping young people

secure decent livelihood, what helps address the gender employment gap, or what helps rural youth secure

off-farm employment. Rigorous evaluation would

also help identify which mechanisms and

interventions affect outcomes and build a body of

evidence about how to best design effective

programs in the Rwandan context.

Uncovering what helps youth businesses

succeed

Workshop participants recognised the role of

entrepreneurship as a way of providing

employment and the need to help young people

better prepare for effective business career.

Government and civil society actors are supporting

a number of entrepreneurship and business development programs, and yet many youth entrepreneurs

continue to struggle for survival. Lack of credit has been identified as a key constraint, but are there other

reasons these businesses struggle? There is little understanding of the determinants of the success of these

firms and of their ability to grow from small household enterprises into more established, formal employers.

This issue is highly relevant for Rwandan policymakers who see the formal private sector as an engine of

employment growth.

V. Conclusion

It was evident from the workshop discussion that a more concerted approach is needed to effectively address

the youth employment challenge in Rwanda. This needs a holistic approach that tackles the growing

unemployment among university graduates, addresses the lack of employable and soft skills, closes the

gender gaps in employment, and improves livelihoods of the self-employed. Many initiatives are already

underway – by government, donors, CSOs, and the private sector alike. Questions about what works, what

does not, how to improve effectiveness, how to scale up, how to better serve disadvantaged youth and young

girls loom large. Research can play an important role in providing a base of evidence to shed light on these

and other unanswered questions, and in doing so guide future interventions.

Young people reflecting on their experiences transitioning from

school to work.


Annex A: Workshop agenda

YOUTH EMPLOYMENT CONSULTATIVE WORKSHOP

“Pathways for expanding economic opportunities for Rwandan youth:

The role of research and evidence”

25th September, 2015

UMUBANO HOTEL, Kigali, Rwanda

Friday 25th September 2015 Workshop moderator: Eugene ANANGWE, renowned radio and television moderator and host

of live Talk Show / call-in programs on Rwanda Television

OPENING SESSION

TIME ACTIVITY 08:00am – 08:45am Registration IPAR TEAM 08:45am – 08:50am Introduction of the conference by

the facilitator

Michael Munyaneza

EPRN / Workshop Coordinator 8:50am – 09:00am Welcome Remarks from IPAR-

Rwanda

Eugenia Kayitesi

Executive Director, IPAR-Rwanda 9:00am – 09:10am Complementary Remarks by IDRC Arjan de Haan

Program Leader, Inclusive Economies

International Development Research Centre 09:10am – 09:30am Opening speech from the guest of

Honor-

Rose Mary Mbabazi

Permanent Secretary Ministry of Youth & ICT 09:30am –09:45am Research paper: Overview of the

youth employment landscape in

Rwanda

Sachin Gathani

Managing Partner, Laterite Ltd,

09:45am-10:00am Coffee Break and Group Photos Youth Panel

10:00am-11:00am Challenges, Success and Opportunities

(Sharing personal experiences and

views moderated with Questions and

comments from moderator and

participants in the audience)

� Prosper Dutonyekumana

Beneficiary from a youth organisation-Yes Rwanda

� Olivier Musafiri

Beneficiary from a youth organisation Dot Rwanda

� Nadine Niyitegeka

Beneficiary from a youth organisation - Akilah Institute

� Ernestina Niyigena

Beneficiary from a youth organisation-Kicukiro centre

Policy Panel

11:00 am 12:00am Understanding the policy challenges,

programs and impact to respond to

youth Employment

Open Discussion

� Ngabonziza Benoit,

Director of Youth Empowerment and Programs

Coordination Unit, Ministry of Youth and ICT

� Donat Nishirimbere

Employment and Enterprise Development, National

Youth Council

� Mr. Paul Masterjab

Country Director-KUDER partners with Ministry of

Education

� Francois Ngoboka

National Employment, Director of Labor Research

Employment Promotion, Ministry of Public Service and

Labor Program


Private Sector Panel

12:00am - 1:00pm Youth employability: Opportunities,

challenges, and the role of the

private sector (Both the panel and

Open Discussion to be animated by

the moderator by a statement

question and answer style)

� Lydie Hakizimana

Chairperson Youth Entrepreneurship, Private sector

federation

� Innocent Bulindi,

CEO for Business Development Fund

� Rebson Dzara

Managing Director Linkage Point

� Andrew Kanyonya

Director- Business Development, New Kigali Designers

1:00pm-2:00pm LUNCH BREAK

Implementers panel

2:00pm 3:00pm Designing effective interventions for

enhancing prospects for youth

employment

(Moderation to be based on open

discussion by the moderator in an

interactive question and answer

style)

� Diogene Mulindahabi

Principal, Kicukiro Polytechnic

� Angelique Tuyisenge

Director Technoserve

� Emmanuel Nzeyimana

Country Manager DOT-Rwanda

� Annie Alcid

Deputy Chief of Party - Education Development Centre/

Akazi Kanoze

Researchers and Policy Analysts Panel

3:00pm 4:00pm Underlining role of research in

effectively responding to the youth

employment challenges

(Both the panel and Open Discussion

to be animated by the moderator by

a statement question and answer

style)

� Prof. Alfred BIZOZA

Director of Research Institute of Policy Analysis &

Research-Rwanda

� Prof. Ishuheli Bideri

Director of Research, College of Business and Economic,

University of Rwanda.

� Sachin Gathani

Managing Partner, Laterite Ltd 4:00pm 4:10pm Presentation of Workshop

Recommendations

Moderator / Rapportour Team

4:10pm 4:20pm Closing remarks from Institute of

Policy Analysis and Research-Rwanda

Eugenia KAYITESI

Executive Director, IPAR-Rwanda 4:20pm 4:40pm Closing remarks from the guest of

honor

Samuel Mulindwa

Permanent Secretary Ministry of Public Service and

Labor

COCKTAIL - END


Annex B: List of participants

1. Adelite Murindangwe, IT Officer, Institute of Policy Analysis and Research (IPAR)

2. Alfred Bizoza, Director of Research, Institute of Policy Analysis and Research (IPAR)

3. Alex Munyaneza, Student, Integrated Polytechnic Centre

4. Amour JD Ndayishimiye, HRM, Rwanda Manufacturers’ Institute

5. Andrew Kanyuya, Director of Business Development, New Kigali Designers

6. Andrew Mold, Senior Economic Affairs Officer, UNECA

7. Angelique Tuyisenge, Country Director, Technoserve

8. Annie Alcid, Deputy Chief of Party, Education Development Center (EDC)

9. Arjan de Haan, Program Leader, IDRC

10. Armaud Dyevre, Research Assistant, Laterite Ltd.

11. Armel Abizera, Member, African Union Group

12. Benoit Ngabonziza, Director of Youth Employment Program, Ministry of Youth and Information

Technology

13. Celestin Makuza, CEO, The Events Factory Company Limited (TCL)

14. Christine Mukazayire, Disability Mainstreaming Officer, National Council of Persons with Disabilities

(NCDP)

15. Colette Nyinawumuntu, Research Officer, Digital Opportunity Trust (DOT) Rwanda

16. Cyrus Nkusi, Secretary General, Pan African Movement

17. Damascene Ndahayo, Student, Integrated Polytechnic Centre (IPRC) East

18. Diana Ingabire, Employment Expert, GIZ

19. Didier Rukorera, Data Quality Assurance, National Institute of Statistics Rwanda

20. Diogene Mulindahabi, Principal, Integrated Polytechnic Centre (IPRC) Kigali

21. Donat Nishyimbere, Youth Entrepereneur, National Youth Council

22. E. Nzeyimana, Country Manager, Digital Opportunity Trust (DOT) Rwanda

23. Edgar Atuhaire, Coordinator, Forum for African Women Educationalists Rwanda

24. Emelary Letca, Social Affairs Officer, UNECA

25. Enatha Uwamahoro, Student, Integrated Polytechnic Centre

26. Eric Didier Habimana, Intern, Institute of Policy Analysis and Research (IPAR)

27. Eric Gatera, Managing Director, El Puente

28. Fidele Bizimana, Guild President, Musanze Polytechnic

29. Florien Rurihose, Technical Officer, Duterimbere One

30. Francis Ngoboka, NEP/Manager, Ministry of Public Service and Labor (MIFOTRA)

31. Frank Mukama, Coordinator, YES-RWANDA

32. Innocent Bulindi, CEO, Development Bank of Rwanda (BDF)

33. J. Nzitukuze, Student, Musanze Polytechnic

34. James Murenzi, Integrated Polytechnic Centre

35. Jean C. Bikomeye, Marketing Director, Kuder Inc

36. Jean Claude Ndayimbaje, Employment Manager, Digital Opportunity Trust (DOT) Rwanda

37. Jean Damascene Nsengiyumva, Ministry of Education

38. Jean Paul Mugiraneza, Marketing Officer, Sina Gerard/Use Urwibutso

39. John Karangwa, Senior Research Officer, Rwanda Revenue Authority

40. Josée Karegeya, Facilitator, Digital Opportunity Trust (DOT) Rwanda

41. Justus Iyamuremye, Action Aid Rwanda

42. Kalisa Dominique, PR Manager, El Puente


43. Lillian Mutesi, Research Fellow, Institute of Policy Analysis and Research (IPAR)

44. Linda Karungi, Communications Officer, Institute of Policy Analysis and Research (IPAR)

45. Lydie H., Chairperson, Private Sector Federation

46. Mallory Baxter, Researcher, Laterite Ltd.

47. Martha Melesse, Senior Program Specialist, IDRC

48. Micheal Munyaneza, Economic Policy Research Network Coordinator, Institute of Policy Analysis and

Research (IPAR)

49. Nadine Niyitegyeka, Communications Officer, Akilah

50. Niyongema, Kicukiro, Student

51. Olivier Musafiri, One Acre Fund Recruiter, Digital Opportunity Trust (DOT) Rwanda

52. Paul Birungi Masterjerb, Country Director, Kuder

53. Prof. Bideri Nyamulinda, Director of Research, College of Business and Economics, University of Rwanda

54. Prosper D, Youth Livelihood Business Department, YES Rwanda,

55. Rebson Dzala, Managing Director, Linkages Point (LBS)

56. Roger Mugisha Researcher, Institute of Policy Analysis and Research (IPAR)

57. Sachin Gathani, Managing Partner, Laterite Ltd.

58. Stella Kabahire, Administration and Finance Manager, Institute of Policy Analysis and Research (IPAR)

59. Solomon Mukashyaka, IMYUGA, KICUKIRO

60. Vincent Rukundo, Student, Gashori Polytechnic

61. Willy Kamanzi, Transition to Work Officer, Education Development Center AKAZI KANOZE

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