Rwanda 100 Days of Genocide. Genocide Genocide is a term defined as any of the following acts...
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Transcript of Rwanda 100 Days of Genocide. Genocide Genocide is a term defined as any of the following acts...
Rwanda
100 Days of Genocide
Genocide• Genocide is a term defined as any of the following
acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group, as such:
Killing members of the group; causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life, calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; imposing measures intended to prevent births within a group; and forcibly transferring children of the group to another group
Rwanda Genocide• The Rwandan genocide was the systematic
massacre of an estimated 1,000,000 Tutsi tribe members and moderate Hutus in Rwanda
• The killing was mostly carried out by two extremist Hutu militia groups, Interahamwe and the Impuzamugambi
• The massacre lasted approximately 100 days from April to mid-July, 1994
Rwandan Genocide Cont.
• The genocide began with Tutsi individuals and families being taken from their homes and killed in secret locations.
• Then it grew into mass killings in central locations like schools and churches.
• Eventually the slaughter spread everywhere, and people were being hacked to death in the streets.
Rwanda-History
• 3 tribes of people that inhabit Rwanda– Twa, the original inhabitants– Hutus, migrated in 1000 A.D.– Tutsi, migrated in the 14th or 15th century
Rwanda-History (Continued)• The Tutsis tribe of people gained a large dominance over the
Hutus• By the late 18th century, a single Tutsi-ruled state occupied
most of the present day Rwanda• The rule was headed by a Tutsi King who controlled the land
and gave power over the regions to the Tutsi groups• The Tutsis, in turn, dominated the Hutus, who had the
majority of the population-The population of Rwanda was :– 75% Hutu– 20% Tutsi– 5% Twa
Rwanda Under Belgian Rule• During WW1 (1916), Belgian forces occupied
Rwanda• In 1919 it became part of the Belgian League
of Nations• Before the Belgian rule, Hutus and Tutsis lived
together as neighbors• When the Belgians took power in Rwanda, they
gave political power to the Tutsis• Tutsis were considered to have Caucasian
ancestry (through lighter skin, larger skulls) and therefore were ‘superior’ to Hutus
Rwanda Divided• One of the major contributing factors to the split of ethnic groups was the creation
of group classification on ID cards in 1933
• The Belgian government introduced a rigid racial concept of group identity where it had not previously existed-the ID cards now stated if the individual was Twa, Hutu or Tutsi
• Another important factor was the repeated decision by the Rwandan Government (after independence in 1962) to retain the group classifications on ID cards
Tutsi Superiority Myth
• The Belgians gave the majority of political control to the Tutsis
• Tutsis began to believe the myth of their superior racial status and exploited their power over the Hutu majority
• Created a resentment of the Tutsis by the Hutu people
Rwanda 1990-1993
• In 1990, Rwanda was invaded from Uganda by the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), made up mainly of Tutsi refugees. The invasion was unsuccessful, but the president of Rwanda agreed to share the power of the country
• In 1993, a power-sharing agreement was signed between Hutus and Tutsis
Rwanda 1994
• In April 1994, the president of Rwanda and the president of Burundi were killed in a suspicious plane crash
• Civil strife erupted on a massive scale• Rwandan soldiers and Hutu gangs
slaughtered an estimated 500,000 to 1,000,000 people, mostly Tutsis and moderate Hutus
Rwanda Today
• Rwanda is struggling to heal and rebuild• It is showing signs of rapid development• Many Hutu members have returned to
Rwanda• The government has promoted
reconciliation and economic development
Images From RwandaThe follow set of slides show images from Rwanda and the
Rwandan Genocide.
Some of these images show how beautiful Rwanda and its people are.
Other images, some graphic and disturbing, show the unspeakable violence and horror of genocide.
Rwanda is in Central Africa
Machetes – Tools of Genocide