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Transcript of Ruth A. David, PhD President & CEO, Analytic Services Inc. Member, US National Academy of...
Ruth A. David, PhDPresident & CEO, Analytic Services Inc.
Member, US National Academy of Engineering
16 June 2009State University – Higher School of Economics
Moscow, Russia
Primary enablers of globalization of science and technology
Key statistical indicators◦ Workforce◦ Patents & Publications◦ Funding
Leaders in innovation◦ Companies◦ Countries
Actions to foster innovation
“Globalization and Science: A Speeded-Up Virtuous Cycle”◦ “The internet and electronic publication revolution have proved a boon –
expanding the areas of research and accelerating the pace of knowledge exchange.”
◦ Source: Ramamurti Shankar; YaleGlobal; 28 March 2003
“Science is Becoming Truly Worldwide”◦ “Bulk of growth in scientific papers is in Europe and Asia; U.S. posts far
more modest gains.”◦ Source: Michael Heylin, C&EN Washington; 14 June 2004
“Globalization of Science Rolls On”◦ “Growth of scientific literature remains strong, while the WORLD OF
SCIENCE continues to flatten.”◦ Source: Michael Heylin, C&EN Washington; 27 November 2006
“Leveraging China and India”◦ “Two countries are the key to staying competitive in cost, talent, and
innovation.”◦ Source: Gupta and Wang; CEO Magazine; March/April 2009
Post-Meltdown Venture Capital Strategies: Level of Investment
Data Source: Global VC Survey Resultswww.nvca.orgLast accessed 10 June 2009
Chart Source: Radar Networks & Nova Spivack, 2007www.radarnetworks.comLast accessed 10 June 2009
The Web is a Key Enabler of Globalization of S&T
Data sources are noted on charts◦ Primary source: National Science Foundation
Science & Engineering Indicators 2008◦ Available online
Statistics reflect most current data available◦ Do not reflect recent governmental initiatives◦ Do not reflect recent economic crisis
Data Source: Science and Engineering Indicators 2008National Science Foundation; www.nsf.gov Last accessed 10 June 2009
Data Source: Science and Engineering Indicators 2008National Science Foundation; www.nsf.gov Last accessed 10 June 2009
Size of Global Research Workforce
Overall 50% growth from 1995 to 2005
Grew 35% in U.S.
Grew 29% in EU
Grew 5% in Japan
Grew 60% in other OECD countries
Doubled in selected non-OECD countries
OECD data: Researcher population dropped by nearly 24% in the Russian Federation
Data Source: Science and Engineering Indicators 2008National Science Foundation; www.nsf.gov Last accessed 10 June 2009
Applications for U.S. Patents
Acceleration of applications beginning in mid-90s coincided with strengthening of patent system and extension of patent protection into new technology areas.
U.S. share of U.S. applications dropped from 55% in 1996 to 53% in 2005.
In 2008, slightly more than 50% of patents granted by USPTO were foreign origin. (Source: www.uspto.gov; last accessed 12 June 2009)
Data Source: Science and Engineering Indicators 2008National Science Foundation; www.nsf.gov Last accessed 10 June 2009
Data Source: Science and Engineering Indicators 2008National Science Foundation; www.nsf.gov Last accessed 10 June 2009
Basic research share of gross domestic product by country/economy: 2003 or 2004
Intellectual capital is mobile. Academic researchers collaborate
worldwide. Businesses leverage research talent
worldwide. Venture capitalists pursue investment
opportunities worldwide.
Data Source: Science and Engineering Indicators 2008National Science Foundation; www.nsf.gov Last accessed 10 June 2009
Data from 2003
Data Source: Science and Engineering Indicators 2008National Science Foundation; www.nsf.gov Last accessed 10 June 2009
Notes: Internationally coauthored articles have at least one collaborating institution from indicated country and an institution from outside that country. Data are from 2005.
Data Source: Science and Engineering Indicators 2008National Science Foundation; www.nsf.gov Last accessed 10 June 2009
R&D expenditures by majority-owned affiliates in US and R&D performed abroad by majority-owned foreign affiliates of US parent companies.
Venture capitalists provide “leading indicators”◦ Concerns regarding funding sources
◦ Shift in regional investment strategy
◦ Shift in sector investment strategy
Significant focus on “clean technology”◦ Corroborated by explicit initiatives
Data Source: Global VC Survey Resultswww.nvca.orgLast accessed 10 June 2009
Data Source: Global VC Survey Resultswww.nvca.orgLast accessed 10 June 2009
Data Source: Global VC Survey Resultswww.nvca.orgLast accessed 10 June 2009
Data Source: Global VC Survey Resultswww.nvca.orgLast accessed 10 June 2009
Data Source: Article by Kevin BullisTechnology Review March/April 2009www.technologyreview.comLast accessed 12 June 2009
Masdar Initiative$15 billion investment by the government of Abu Dhabi
Target completion in 2016
Plan for 1,500 clean-tech businesses
Sized for 50,000 residents
“…an attempt to create the world’s first car-free, zero-carbon-dioxide-emissions, zero waste city.”
Source: REDORBIT NEWS 8 June 2009; www.redorbit.comLast accessed 12 June 2009
According to the International Air Transport Association (IATA), “Airlines all over the world have agreed to attain carbon neutral expansion by 2020.”
Aviation accounts for 2% of greenhouse gas pollution and that number is expected to increase.
IATA endorses a four-pillar plan that covers investment in technology . . .
◦ “ . . . improved fuel efficiency is not enough. Our emissions must stop growing.”
Innovation: The introduction of new goods, services, of business processes in the marketplace.
R&D enables invention (but does not guarantee it)
Invention enables innovation (but does not guarantee it)
In the end, it is the results of R&D expenditures that matter, not their amount.
Source: Science and Engineering Indicators 2008Overview; O-12—O-13National Science Foundation; www.nsf.gov Last accessed 10 June 2009
Data Source: Most Innovative Companieswww.businessweek.comLast accessed 11 June 2009
Data indicate headquarter country and are derived from annual surveys conducted by Boston Consulting Group in partnership with Business Week magazine.
13 companies retained top 20 status from 2005 to 2009
5 companies among the top 20 in 2005 fell below top 50 by 2009
Iceland
Data Source: The World’s Most Innovative Countrieswww.businessweek.comLast accessed 11 June 2009
1. Singapore2. South Korea3. Switzerland4. Iceland5. Ireland
11. Denmark12. Netherlands13. Luxembourg14. Canada15. Britain
16. Israel17. Austria18. Norway19. Germany20. France
21. Malaysia22. Australia23. Estonia24. Spain25. Belgium
26. New Zealand27. China28. Cyprus29. Portugal30. Qatar
6. Hong Kong7. Finland8. United States9. Japan10. Sweden
Data Source: Global VC Survey Resultswww.nvca.orgLast accessed 10 June 2009