Russia’s History

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Russia’s Russia’s History History

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Russia’s History. Czar “Ramanov Family” Rules Russia. Russia was becoming powerful and the lives of serfs had not improved. Russia was divided between two groups; the very rich and the very poor. Tensions between the two groups began to rise drastically. 1855-1881 Alexander II - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Russia’s History

Page 1: Russia’s History

Russia’s Russia’s History History

Page 2: Russia’s History

Czar “Ramanov Family” Rules Czar “Ramanov Family” Rules RussiaRussia► Russia was becoming powerful and Russia was becoming powerful and

the lives of serfs had not improved. the lives of serfs had not improved. Russia was divided between two Russia was divided between two groups; the very rich and the very groups; the very rich and the very poor. Tensions between the two poor. Tensions between the two groups began to rise drastically. groups began to rise drastically.

► 1855-1881 Alexander II1855-1881 Alexander II► -Wanted Russia to become more like -Wanted Russia to become more like

European nations. European nations. ► -Freed the serfs and gave them their own -Freed the serfs and gave them their own

land. land. ► 1881-1894 Alexander III1881-1894 Alexander III► -Reversed many of his father’s reforms and -Reversed many of his father’s reforms and

the country again came under harsh rule. the country again came under harsh rule. ► 1894-1917 Nicholas II1894-1917 Nicholas II► -After a devastating defeat by the Japanese, -After a devastating defeat by the Japanese,

unrest grew among serfs and workers. unrest grew among serfs and workers. ► -Bloody Sunday 1/22/05: Thousand of workers -Bloody Sunday 1/22/05: Thousand of workers

marched to the Winter Palace to request marched to the Winter Palace to request reforms from the czar. The workers were met reforms from the czar. The workers were met by troops that fired into the crowds killing by troops that fired into the crowds killing thousands.thousands.

► -After Bloody Sunday Nicholas was forced to -After Bloody Sunday Nicholas was forced to agree to the “Duma”. The “Duma” was a agree to the “Duma”. The “Duma” was a congress elected by the people. The Dumacongress elected by the people. The Duma held power along with czar until 1917. held power along with czar until 1917.

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World War OneWorld War One ► 1914-19191914-1919► War that was fought over War that was fought over

territory and alliances in Europe.territory and alliances in Europe.► Russia formed an alliance with Russia formed an alliance with

France, Britain, and the USAFrance, Britain, and the USA► 2, 500, 000 Russians killed2, 500, 000 Russians killed► Russia withdrew from the war in Russia withdrew from the war in

1917 due to its own civil war at 1917 due to its own civil war at home. Russia was economically home. Russia was economically devastated after the war. devastated after the war. Inflation soared, people suffered Inflation soared, people suffered severe food shortages and severe food shortages and reconstruction costs were reconstruction costs were astronomical. Russia was on the astronomical. Russia was on the verge of collapse. The Russianverge of collapse. The Russian citizens rioted.citizens rioted. The czar Nicholas The czar Nicholas Romanov was forced to relinquish Romanov was forced to relinquish his power and a weak democratic his power and a weak democratic government controls Russia. government controls Russia.

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Communist Principles Rule Communist Principles Rule RussiaRussia

► 1917 Vladimir 1917 Vladimir Lenin overthrows Lenin overthrows the new Russian the new Russian democracy and democracy and makes peace with makes peace with Germany.Germany.

► In order to heal the In order to heal the deep split between deep split between Russia’s rich and Russia’s rich and poor, Lenin installs poor, Lenin installs a communist a communist government. government.

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Russian Civil WarRussian Civil War ► 1917-19221917-1922► Communists come to Communists come to

power under Lenin. power under Lenin. ► War broke out War broke out

between the between the communists and communists and nationalists. The war nationalists. The war lasted for three years lasted for three years and cost millions of and cost millions of Russian lives. Russian lives.

► The czar Nicholas The czar Nicholas Romanov and his Romanov and his family are murdered family are murdered by the Bolsheviks by the Bolsheviks (Communists). (Communists).

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USSR FormedUSSR Formed► 1922 under Lenin1922 under Lenin► Union of Soviet Socialist Union of Soviet Socialist

RepublicsRepublics► The USSR was made up of The USSR was made up of

Russia and smaller Russia and smaller republics under Russian republics under Russian control.control.

► Lenin jailed or killed Lenin jailed or killed people who opposed his people who opposed his communist government. communist government.

► Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Albania, East Germany, Albania, East Germany, Mongolia, Cuba, and Mongolia, Cuba, and Vietnam were nations that Vietnam were nations that were ruled by the USSR.were ruled by the USSR.

► Lenin dies in 1924Lenin dies in 1924

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Josef Stalin Rules RussiaJosef Stalin Rules Russia Rules from 1924-1953Stalin is a harsh and cruel dictator that supports communist principles. He controlled every aspect of Soviet life and jailed or executed anyone who opposed him. Stalin forced the serfs to give their farm products to the government and sent millions of serfs to the Siberian Labor camps where millions died.

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World War Two World War Two ► In 1939, Stalin signed a In 1939, Stalin signed a

pact with Germany to not pact with Germany to not invade, Germany invades invade, Germany invades anyway. anyway.

► In 1941, Germany invades In 1941, Germany invades the USSR and millions die. the USSR and millions die. Soviet cities are Soviet cities are destroyed. destroyed.

► The Soviets joined forces The Soviets joined forces with the Allies and with the Allies and captured Berlin, Germany captured Berlin, Germany in 1945. Germany is in 1945. Germany is defeated and the Russians defeated and the Russians never leave Eastern never leave Eastern Europe after the war. Europe after the war.

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Cold WarCold War► The Cold War was a time of The Cold War was a time of

great tension in the world. great tension in the world. Communist countries of Communist countries of Eastern Europe and the Eastern Europe and the USSR formed an alliance USSR formed an alliance called the Warsaw called the Warsaw Countries. Countries.

► The capitalist countries of The capitalist countries of Western Europe and the Western Europe and the USA formed the alliance of USA formed the alliance of NATO Countries. NATO Countries.

► The two alliances competed The two alliances competed in an arms race of nuclear in an arms race of nuclear weapons, a space race, weapons, a space race, through education, and the through education, and the Olympics. Olympics.

► The Iron Curtain marked the The Iron Curtain marked the dividing line between dividing line between communism and capitalism.communism and capitalism.

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Sputnik LaunchedSputnik Launched► The Cold War was a The Cold War was a

time of great tension time of great tension and secrets. Both the and secrets. Both the United States and the United States and the USSR worked very hard USSR worked very hard to secure their to secure their countries. countries.

► Both nations were very Both nations were very fearful of spying and fearful of spying and nuclear attacks. nuclear attacks.

► Sputnik was one of the Sputnik was one of the ten artificial orbiting ten artificial orbiting satellites launched by satellites launched by the USSR that was the USSR that was believed to be spying believed to be spying on the USA. on the USA.

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Vietnam WarVietnam War► 1959-19751959-1975► Conflict was part of Conflict was part of

the Cold War and the Cold War and was a hidden war was a hidden war between the USA and between the USA and USSR/China. USSR/China.

► South Vietnam: South Vietnam: CapitalistsCapitalists USA SupportedUSA Supported

► North Vietnam: North Vietnam: Vietcong Vietcong (Communists)(Communists) USSR/China SupportedUSSR/China Supported

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Berlin WallBerlin Wall► The Berlin Wall The Berlin Wall

was built in 1961. was built in 1961. It divided Berlin, It divided Berlin, Germany into the Germany into the East East (Communism) and (Communism) and the West the West (Capitalism). This (Capitalism). This wall split families wall split families and friends for 28 and friends for 28 years. years.

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Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile Crisis► 19621962► Communist Dictator Fidel Communist Dictator Fidel

Castro rules Cuba with the Castro rules Cuba with the financial and military support of financial and military support of the USSR. the USSR.

► The USA had long range nuclear The USA had long range nuclear missiles that could strike all of missiles that could strike all of the USSR. The USSR was the USSR. The USSR was unable to reach the USA with unable to reach the USA with their missiles. their missiles.

► The USSR devised a plan to set The USSR devised a plan to set up Soviet nuclear sites in Cuba up Soviet nuclear sites in Cuba that could reach the USA. that could reach the USA.

► Both nations were in the Both nations were in the highest state of readiness and highest state of readiness and prepared to use nuclear prepared to use nuclear weapons to defend their weapons to defend their territory. territory.

► This crisis is the closest the This crisis is the closest the world has ever come to nuclear world has ever come to nuclear war. war.

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USSR Invades AfghanistanUSSR Invades Afghanistan► 1979-19891979-1989► USSR invades USSR invades

Afghanistan in Afghanistan in attempt to install a attempt to install a communist communist government. government.

► The United States The United States supported the Islamic supported the Islamic Fundamentalist Fundamentalist government (Taliban government (Taliban and Bin Laden) that and Bin Laden) that opposed Soviet rule. opposed Soviet rule.

► Extension of the Cold Extension of the Cold War War

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ChernobylChernobyl ► 1986 Ukraine1986 Ukraine► Worst nuclear reactor Worst nuclear reactor

disaster in history. The disaster in history. The explosion caused explosion caused radioactive material to radioactive material to be released into the be released into the atmosphere. atmosphere.

► Hundreds suffered from Hundreds suffered from severe radiation severe radiation sickness, high cancer sickness, high cancer rates and genetic rates and genetic mutations were mutations were common. common.

► Chernobyl and near byChernobyl and near by towns were all towns were all evacuated.evacuated.

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Fall of Berlin WallFall of Berlin Wall► November 9November 9thth, 1989, 1989► East German East German

government opens its government opens its borders to the West borders to the West and allows thousands and allows thousands to pass freely to pass freely through the Berlin through the Berlin Wall. Wall.

► November 10November 10thth, 1989: , 1989: East German troops East German troops begin to dismantle begin to dismantle the Berlin Wall which the Berlin Wall which marked the end of marked the end of communism in communism in Europe.Europe.

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Break Up of the USSRBreak Up of the USSR► 19911991► In economic ruin due to In economic ruin due to

military spending to military spending to support the Cold War, support the Cold War, the USSR collapses. the USSR collapses.

► Russia becomes Russia becomes democratic and democratic and embraces capitalism. embraces capitalism.

► Former Russian Former Russian republics emerge as republics emerge as free nations and hold free nations and hold their own elections. their own elections.

► Communism is no Communism is no longer present in longer present in Europe. Europe.