Russian revolution and communism 1
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Transcript of Russian revolution and communism 1
RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
AND COMMUNISM 1
Hegel introduced a history of philosophy and of the world called “dialéctical”: Each movement of history arrises as a solution to contradictions inherent in the previous movement.
Fichte proposed the following scheme for the dialectic–
1 “thesis” example the French revolution
2 “antíthesis” (the subsequent terror
3“sínthesis” (the state of free citizens)
Georg Hegel
Johann Fichte
PHILOSOPHICAL ORIGINOF COMMUNISM
They applied the dialectic of Hegel to the development of the society . They were joint
authors of the Communist Manifest.
Karl MarxFriedrich Engels
Charles Darwin
His theory of evolution led
some to thnk that the human spirit could
evolve from the material world.
Marx y Lenin thought that man could
create himself through his productive
workVoyage of the
Beagle
1 Nihilism and death of God
- Militant atheism- he held that the God of the Judeo Christian heritage helt up progress.
2 Inverting Values- there are different values for different social classes. -The subjected poor should take the stance of the dominant powers.
3 Will to powerHe developed the theory of evolution of Darwin. Human instincts serve for more than just surviving and surpassing oneself. Man should make himself into a superman
Friedrich Nietzsche
Before 1917 the ancient Russian Empire was under the rule of the Tzars, autocratic and repressive since 1613
when the Romanov dynasty began.
Circumstances leading up to the revolution
The abolitiion of serfdom was decreed in 1861 by tzar
Alexander II.
This was the beginning of the end
of the ancient feudal system
Once freed, many went to the cities
to seek work in the factories.
The industrial growth continued. Cities grew and culture developed.
The difficulties of the poor increased.
In 1905 the
Russians were
defeated and
humiliated by the
Japanese
In the February revolution, the political parties, trade unions,
cooperatives, and soviets were rival forms
of organisation, competing for leadership in the Russian
society.
The continuing defeats in the First
World War,
1,700 000 dead
5,950 000 wounded
The moral of the
troops was very low.
Many Deserted.
Wounded in WW1
Famine spread throughout the civil population
The Tzar was not aware of the plight of the people
and lost their confidence
When the rural zones refused to send food to the cities, the famine beame worse.
Since 1915 there arose many committees which replaced the deficient organisation of the state, (supplies, exchanges,
commerce) .The cooperatives and the trade unions, became parallel powers. the government no longer controlled the running of the state.
The soviets and parties worked together to subordinate
or eliminate the trade unions, committees and coops.
Trade unions
MAP OF PETROGRAD, CAPITAL OF RUSSIA
The revolution began with a spontaneous strike of workers of the fac tories
of Petrograd. On 23 feb (8 de marzo según el calendario gregoriano), - the following days, the strikes extended and tension increased.
The confrontations with the police brought casualties on both sides. The protesters took arms from the
police. After 3 days the tzar ordered the
military to stamp out the rebellion.
The soldiers resisted the first attempts at fraternizing, and killed many portesters. Nevertheless, during the night,
part of the company changed over to the side of the insurgents, wherefore they got armed.
The tzar was unable to govern.He ordered the dissolution of the Duma and nominated an interim committee.
All the regiments of Petrograd took sides with the revolt. The revolution had triumphed.
Under pressure from the State, tzar Nicholas II abdicated on 2 march.
It was the end of the tzars. The first elections were held for the workers’ soviet.
There had been about a hundred deaths, mostly protesters.The fall of the regime came as a surprise, and was greeted with with
enthusiasm.