Communism and The Russian Revolution Communism and The Russian Revolution.
Russian Revolution
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Transcript of Russian Revolution
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Russian Revolution
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CausesLandless peasantryAbsolute monarchyMilitary inadequately supplied –
losing World War IDefeat in a war with Japan
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Russian Revolution – March Revolution
Czar abdicatedDuma (representative assembly)
Russian Republic (liberal constitution)
Provisional government continued war against Germany (bad decision)
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Russian Revolution – November Revolution
Lenin and the Bolsheviks (communists)
Lenin organized the communist takeover of Russia
Communism – government owns and operates the means of production
Executed both the Czar and his family
Lenin signed Treaty of Brest-Litovsk – got Russia out of World War I
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Lenin Builds a Communist State
New Economic Policy (NEP) – state controlled banks, foreign trade, and large industries while small businesses are owned and operated by individuals (socialism) – worked improved Russian economy
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Lenin Builds a Communist State
Seen as temporary retreat from communism
Lenin dies and Stalin comes to power in the Soviet Union,
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Five Year PlanGoal – make Soviet Union a modern
industrial power by building heavy industry, improving transportation, and increasing farm output
How – Command Economy government controls all economic activity (communism)
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Five Year Plan - ResultsOil, coal, and steel production grewMining expanded and new railroads
were builtStandard of living remained poorWages were low
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Revolution in Agriculture - Collectivism
Goal – end peasant ownership of small plots of land
How – peasants could keep only homes and personal belongings and had to give up land (two choices – live on state owned farms or collectives – farms owned and operated by peasants as a group)
Results – did not improve farm output (grain production grew slightly while meat, vegetables, and fruits remained in short supply)
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Great Purge Goal – seek out and destroy anyone who
might weaken Stalin’s power (writers, intellectuals, heroes, etc…)
How – Secret Police (rounded up people), Show Trials (people confessed to all kinds of crimes against the government due to torture)
Results – people sent to labor camps in Siberia or executed increased Stalin’s power
Stalin
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Totalitarianism Stalin establishes a
totalitarian state (Soviet Union) Totalitarianism state a one-
party dictator (Stalin) attempts to regulate every aspect of the lives of its citizens
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Propaganda Radios, movies,
theaters, etc… Emphasized
communist success
Capitalism is evil
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Censorship Government
controlled what books were published, what music was heard, etc…
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Communist Ideology Sacred texts –
Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx
Shrine – tomb of Lenin
Portraits of Stalin replaced religious icons
Religion
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War on ReligionAtheism – belief in no godDestroy religious organization in the
Soviet Union
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Secret PoliceRounded up the accusedSought out people who might
threaten Stalin’s power