Russian isolates of Phytophthora infestansGenotypes of Russian P. infestans isolates Clonal lineage...
Transcript of Russian isolates of Phytophthora infestansGenotypes of Russian P. infestans isolates Clonal lineage...
Sergey Elansky Moscow M.V. Lomonosov State University Biological faculty
Russian isolates of
Phytophthora infestans:
genotypes, virulence and resistance
to fungicides
Distribution of potato and tomato late blight in Russia
potato
www.agroatlas.ru
tomato
Genotypic analysis
1997-1998
Location of sampling sites
Khabarovsk
Vladivostok
Chita
Birobidzhan
Omsk
9,2
Krasnoyarsk
Ekaterinburg
Sakhalin
Moscow
Tomsk
Irkutsk
Genotypes of Russian P. infestans isolates
Clonal
lineage
Place of
collecting ТС GPI Pep 1 RG 57 fingerprint mtDNA
Number
of
isolates
Isolates from potato
SIB 1 *1 A1 100/100 100/100 1000100011001101000110011 IIa 31
SIB 2 Khabarovsk A2 100/100 100/100 1000100001001101000110011 IIa 5
SIB 3 Vladivostok A1 100/100 100/100 1100101010001101000110011 IIa 1
MO 1 M1 (97) A2 100/100 100/100 1000100011001101000110011 IIa 1
MO 2 M1 (97) A2 100/100 100/100 1000100001001101000110011 Ia 1
MO 3 M1 (97) A1 100/100 100/100 1010100001001101000110011 IIa 1
MO 4 M1 (97) A1 100/100 92/100 1010111011001101000110011 IIa 3
MO 5 M2 (97) A1 100/100 100/100 1000101001001101010110011 IIa 1
MO 6 M2 (97) A1 100/100 100/100 1010101001001101000110011 Ia 1
MO 7 M4 (97) A1 100/100 92/100 1000100011001100000110011 IIa 1
MO 8 M4 (97) A1 100/100 92/92 1010110001001100000110011 IIa 1
MO 9 M1 (98) A1 100/100 92/100 1000100001001101000110011 IIa 1
MO 10 M2 (98) A1 100/100 100/100 1010110000001100000110011 Ia 1
MO 11 M3 (98) A1 100/100 92/100 1010101001001100000110011 Ia 1
MO 12 M3 (98) A2 100/100 100/100 1010101001001101000110011 Ia 1
Isolates from tomato
SIB 2 Birobidjan A2 100/100 100/100 1000100001001101000110011 IIa 3
MO 13 M2 (97) A1 100/100 100/100 1010101000001101000110011 Ia 1
MO 14 M3 (98) A1 100/100 100/100 0010101001001100000110011 Ia 1
MO 15 M3 (98) A1 100/100 100/100 0110111001001100010110011 Ia 1
MO 16 M3 (98) A1 100/100 100/100 1000100000001101000110011 IIa 1
Isolates from old collections
US 1 M3 (93) A1 86/100 92/100 1010101011001101000110011 Ib 2
SIB 1 несколько2 A1 100/100 100/100 1000100011001101000110011 IIa 5
1 Sib 1 was found in Sakhalin, Omsk, Vladivostok, Chita, Irkutsk, Ekaterinburg, Krasnoyarsk, Tomsk.
1 (S1)
1 (S2)
2 (S1+S3)
1 (S1)
1 (S2)
1 (S1) 9,2
1 (S1)
1 (S1)
Number of genotypes in regional populations
RG 57, haplotypes, mating types, GPI 1, and Pep1 were tested
2
17 (M1- M16, S1)
Ratio of strains with different mating types
in regional populations (A1/ A2)
100/ 0
0/100
100/ 0
100/ 0
0/ 100
100/ 0 9,2
100/ 0
100/ 0 100/ 0
80/ 20
Genotypic analysis
2001-2009
Location of sampling sites and number of collected isolates
Astrakhan reg., 33
Mari El, 110 Belarus, 78
Moscow reg., 45
Leningrad reg., 22
Kostroma reg., 84
Caucasus, 65
Vologda reg., 12
Ryazan reg., 22
Tula reg., 33
In total:
549 strains
10 regions
Allozyme structure of peptidase (Pep 1 and Pep 2 loci)
Pep1
Pep2
100/100
100/100 100/112 112/112
Allozyme structure of peptidase, mtDNA haplotypes,
and mating types were tested
Markers Number of
populations* Mating type Рер 1 Рер 2 MtDNA
haplotype
A2 100/100 100/100 IIa 10
A1 100/100 100/100 Ia 10
A1 100/100 100/100 IIa 8
A2 100/100 100/112 Ia 7
A1 100/100 100/112 IIa 6
A2 100/100 100/112 IIa 5
A2 100/100 100/100 Ia 5
A1 100/100 100/112 Ia 4
A1 100/100 112/112 Ia 4
A2 100/100 112/112 IIa 4
A2 92/100 100/100 Ia 3
A2 92/100 100/100 IIa 3
A1 100/100 112/112 IIa 2
A2 92/92 112/112 Ia 1
A1 100/100 112/112 Ia+IIa 1
A1 92/100 100/100 Ia 1
Other 11 genotypes 1
* 18 field populations were tested
The most frequent genotypes in Russian field populations
Astrakhan reg., 1
Mari El, 12 Belarus, 12
Moscow reg., 8
Leningrad reg., 4
Kostroma reg., 3
Caucasus, 16
Vologda reg., 4
Ryazan reg., 3
Tula reg., 1
Number of genotypes in regional populations
Ratio of mating types in regional populations (A1/ A2/ A1A2/ 00)
Astrakhan reg.
100/ 0/ 0/ 0
Mari El
38/ 60/ 2/ 0
Belarus
58/ 42/ 0/ 0
Moscow reg.
57/ 36/ 5/ 2
Leningrad reg.
100/ 0/ 0/ 0
Kostroma reg.
88/ 11/ 1/ 0
Caucasus
52/ 43/ 3/ 2
Vologda reg.
58/ 42/ 0/ 0
Ryazan reg.
95/ 5/ 0/ 0
Tula reg.
100/ 0/ 0/ 0
Number of P. infestans populations from the Moscow
region with various A1:A2 ratios
Per cent of P. infestans strains with
A2 mating types in population, %
Number (%) of populations with a
certain A2 percentage
0 or 100 5 (12%)
1-29 or 70-99 19 (46%)
30-69 17 (41,6%)
Total number of tested populations in the Moscow region 41 (100%)
Per cent of P. infestans strains with A2 mating type in
population, %
Number of populations with a certain
percentage of strains with A2 mating type
Average number of
genotypes per a population
0 or 100 3 1
1-29 or 70-99 6 2,5
30-69 8 6,9
Average number of genotypes in P. infestans populations
with various A1:A2 ratios
0
10
20
30
40
50
TL+PL TL PL
% of samples with 1 lesion with oospores
% of samples with 2 and more lesions with oospores
Oospores in samples with different number of lesions
%
Ratio A1:A2 in “tomato” population was as 57:43,
in “potato” – 45:55
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1993
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2003
%А1 P
%А1 T
Year
%
Annual dynamics of strains with A1 mating type
in the Moscow region 1850 isolates were tested in 1993 - 2003
Slow decrease of A1 strains in 1993 – 1999 and oscillating around
50% (A1:A2=1:1) in 1999 – 2003 in both tomato and potato populations
Specific compatibility (virulence)
to potato R-genes
Frequencies of separate virulence genes in the studied P.
infestans populations
8,4
8,3
8,3
6,4
5,5*
6,2
8,2
9,2
8,2
10,0
6,3
7,2
32
8,6
7,8
8,9
Average number of virulence/ isolate
11 R-gene were tested: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11; * - isolates from tomato
10
Resistance of
P. infestans strains
from different regions
to fungicides
Kostroma
region
Kostroma region
Chlorothalonil Metalaxyl Fluazinam
Azoxystrobin Dimethomorph
Average 2,2 1,7 1,4 Variab. 0,7 – 5,0 0,5 – 38,0 0,5 – 4,8
Average < 0,05 < 0,05 6,5
Variab. < 0,05 < 0,05 0,5 – 25,6
0
20
40
60
80
100
<1 1-10 10-100 >100
0
20
40
60
80
100
<1 1-10 10-100 >100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
<1 1-10 10-100 >100
ККЛ
0,00
10,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
70,00
80,00
90,00
<1 1-10 10-100 >1000
20
40
60
80
<1 1-10 10-100 >100
ККЛ
0,00
10,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
70,00
80,00
90,00
<1 1-10 10-100 >100
Mancozeb
Smolensk
region
Smolensk region
Chlorothalonil
Metalaxyl Fluazinam
Azoxystrobin Dimethomorph
Average 2,2 175,2 2,7 Variab. 0,7 – 5,0 0,5 – 380 0,5 – 6,8
Average < 0,05 < 0,05 Variab. < 0,05 < 0,05
СКЛ
0,00
10,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
70,00
<1 1-10 10-100 >100
0
20
40
60
<1 1-10 10-100 >100 0
20
40
60
<1 1-10 10-100 >100
0
20
40
60
80
100
<1 1-10 10-100 >100 0
20
40
60
80
100
<1 1-10 10-100 >100
Moscow
region
Moscow region
Chlorothalonil
Metalaxyl Fluazinam
Azoxystrobin Dimethomorph
Average 0,6 99,0 2,1
Variab. 0,5 – 0,8 0,5 – 398 0,5 – 5,2
Average < 0,05 0,06 5,5
Variab. < 0,05 0,05 – 0,09 0,6 – 22,4
0
20
40
60
80
100
<1 1-10 10-100 >100 0
20
40
60
80
100
<1 1-10 10-100 >100
0
20
40
60
80
100
<1 1-10 10-100 >100
МКК
0,00
5,00
10,00
15,00
20,00
25,00
30,00
35,00
40,00
45,00
50,00
<1 1-10 10-100 >1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
<1 1-10 10-100 >100
МКК
0,00
10,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
70,00
80,00
<1 1-10 10-100 >100
Mancozeb
Belarus
Belarus
Chlorothalonil
Metalaxyl Fluazinam
Azoxystrobin Dimethomorph
Average 5,7 175,2 7,0 Variab. 0,7 – 151,5 0,5 – 380 0,5 – 21,8
Average < 0,05 < 0,05 10,3
Variab. < 0,05 < 0,05 0,6 – 30,6
0
20
40
60
80
100
<1 1-10 10-100 >100
0
20
40
60
80
100
<1 1-10 10-100 >100
Mancozeb
БКЛ
0,00
10,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
<1 1-10 10-100 >100
0
20
40
60
80
<1 1-10 10-100 >100
БКЛ
0,00
10,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
70,00
80,00
90,00
100,00
<1 1-10 10-100 >1000
20
40
60
80
100
<1 1-10 10-100 >100
Selected publications:
Elansky S., A. Smirnov, Y. Dyakov, A. Dolgova, A. Filippov, B. Kozlovsky, I.
Kozlovskaya, P. Russo, C. Smart, W. Fry Genotypic analysis of Russian
isolates of Phytophthora infestans from the Moscow region, Siberia and Far
East // J. Phytopathology, 2001, 149 (10), p. 605-611.
S.N. Elansky, M.A. Pobedinskaya, M.P. Plyakhnevich, N.V. Statsyuk, and Yu.T.
Dyakov Phytophthora infestans populations from the European part of Russia
and Belarus: genotypic structure and metalaxyl resistance //
J. Phytopathology, 2011, in press.
N.V. Statsyuk, M.A. Kuznetsova, I.N. Kozlovskaya, B.E. Kozlovsky, S.N.
Elansky, E.V. Morozova, E.V. Valeva, and A.V. Filippov Characteristics of the
Phytophthora infestans population in Russia // Proceedings of the 12
EuroBlight Workshop, 3-6 May, 2010, Arras, France. P. 247-254.
S.N. Elansky, Yu.T. Dyakov, D.I. Milyutina, V.P. Apryshko, M.A. Pobedinskaya,
A.V. Filippov, B.E. Kozlovsky, M.A. Kuznetsova, A.N. Rogozhin, N.V. Statsyuk
Late blight of potato in Russia // Potato production and innovative
technologies. Ed. A.J. Havenkort, B.V. Anisimov, Wageningen Academic
Publishers, The Netherlands, 2007, P. 262-274.
Other participants of the project:
N.V. Statsyuk, M.A. Kuznetsova, I.N. Kozlovskaya,
B.E. Kozlovsky, E.V. Morozova, A.V. Filippov All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Moscow
region, Russia
Yu.T. Dyakov, M.A. Pobedinskaya, M.Y. Kokaeva,
D.I. Milyutina, A.N. Smirnov, A.V. Dolgova Department of Algology and Mycology, Biological Faculty,
Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
W. Fry, C. Smart Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY,
USA
Thank you for your
attention!