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Transcript of RUSSIAN IÎEFUGEES Document No. I Dossier No.biblio-archive.unog.ch/Dateien/3/D15656.pdf · Russian...
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# SOCIETE DES NATIONS. j « 2 S f ^ L E A G U E OF NATIONS.
| Classement. ~
RUSSIAN IÎEFUGEES Document No. I Dossier No.
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SOCIÉTÉ DES NATIONS. U f â f t LEAGUE OF NATIONS,
Clnsgemont.r e g is t r y .
1 RUSSIAN REFUGEES.45°.'
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rSUR L'ititilOlUTION'.
r feia con fé re n ce a eu l l o u o u t r e l e e r e p rése n ta i ! te
du Gouvernement p o lo n a is e t l e a r e p r é s e n t a n t s du Gouveruomen"
am crica lrm . .. p, lottne à Varsovie a u au j e t du c o n t in g e n t
d 'émlRTfinta P o lo n a is qu i s o ra admis à e n t r e r aux E t a t s Unis
J i . t re lu l o r J u i l l e t 1922 e t l e 1 e r j u i l l e t 1923.
D 'a p rès fine a u t r e sou rce un-; déc i i i ion r é c e n t .j des
.u t e r i to u Am érica ines s t i p u L . quv Los i . .i r . i . t s
on a n t de c e r t a i n s Q i s t r i c t s p o l o n a i s a d j a c e n t s à la
R u s s i e do iv en t ê t r e de: . l o u é s du cc- .t i i. - -c t . t l im l* .i..t
i 'immigî î t i o n u n a t i o n
Los a 01.v : uut i .
p r lno l p l e m e n t u u r 1 . u. i t >urerhemerit p o l o n a i s
:a c o n t i n g e n t s l i m i t a n t
i .L ss lD l e aux t a t s Un i s . 1)
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r MR DICKINSON
The Immigration Act now in £6rce in tlie United
States limits the number of aliens of any nationality who
may be admitted to the United States in any fiscal year to
3$ of the number of foreign-born persons of such nationality
resident in the United States as determined by the census
of 1910. The nationality is determined by country of birth
and it is specified that in case of changes in political
boundaries occurring subsequent to 1910, resulting either
in the creation of new countries, which are recognised by the
United States,or in a transfer of territory recognised by the
United States, an estimate is made of the number of persons
resident in the United States in 1910 who were born within
the area included in such new countries or in such territoryIs Afcv-wt-A.
so transferred, and w v i iw d the population basis (-accordingly.
The Russian)could, therefore, in no case be
considered in the quota of any other country but Russia
itself, such as Poland, for example, even if the quota
for that country were not exhausted. In fact, however,
on 20 April 1922 the quota for the fiscal year ending
30 June 1922 was already exhausted for Poland. There was,
however, a balance of aliens admissible during the same period
from Finland (1,481) and from Russia (12,227). Quotas fcr
the whole year for these two countries were Finland 2^90,
Russia 34,247, of which 778 and 6,849 respectively, might
be admitted in any single month. Finland ai.d Russia
( inducing Siberia) are the only two parts of tka pre-war
Russia separately recognised for the purpose of the Act.
Certain difficulties might be met with in the
case of Rus8ia>,£oing to the United States, under t he Act
of 1917 which is still in fortfe. There are somewhat
stringent health conditions. Anarchists and persons
1
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~x
holding similar views are excluded and persons likely
to become a public charge are also excluded. Moreover,
"persons whose tickets or passage ie paid for with the
money of another, or who are assisted by others to come,
unless it is affirmatively anci satisfactorily shown that
such persons do not belong to one of the foregoing
excluded classes; persons whose ticket or passage is
paid for by any corporation, association, society,
municipality, or foreign Government, either directly or
indirectlyV" f In addition, the regulations lay do-sn
that an alien entering the United States must have
sufficient money to provide for reasonable wants and those
of accompanying persons dependent upon them, until such
time as they are likely to find employment. Finally,
it is necessary to have a passport viséd by a United
States Consul.
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01? ch a n g e s In p o l i t i c a l b o u n d a r i e s In f o r e i g n co n t r i e s
o c c u r i n g s u b s e q u e n t t o 1910 and r e s u l t i n g (1 ) In th e
c r e a t i o n oi' nev; o o u n t r l e s , th e G overnments o f which
a r e r e c o g n i s e d by th e U n i te d S t a t e s , o r f Z ) in the
t r a n s i ' e r o f t e r r i t o r y from one c o u n t r y to a i o t h e r , such
t r a n s f e r b e i n g r e c o g n i z e d by t h e Uni to d S t a t e s , au ch
o f f i c i a l s , j o i n t l y , s f r a l l e s t i m a t e t h e number o f p e r s o n s
r e s i d e n t i n th e U n i te d S t a t e s i n 1910 who w ere born w i t h i n
t h e a r e a i n c lu d e d i n such new c o u n t r i e s o r In such t e r r i
t o r y so t r a n s f e r r e d , ana r e v i s e th e p o p u l a t i o n o a s i s a s to
e a c h c o u n t r y i i -vdved i n such change o f p o l i t i c a l b ounda ry .
For t h e p u rp o s e o f s u c h r e v i s i o n anu f o r t h e pu re ..ses of
t h i s A c t g e n e r a l l y a l i e n s oorn in t h e a r e a in o lutied in
any such now c o u n t r y s h a l l be c o n s i d e r e d a s h a v in g been
born i n such c o u n t r y , and a l i e n s b o m i n at y t e r r i t o r y
so t r a n s f e r r e d s h a l l be c o n s i d e r e d a s h a v in g been born in
th e c o u n t r y to w h ich such t e r r i t o r y was t r a n s f e r r e u .
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COMMENTAIRES. M INUTES. (I’ngo 1).
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COMMENTAIRES. MINUTES. (Page 2).
//“
1 JCii ** )ÂU~l ' yk. ï. *v
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r U? .
L .
*
En o s q u i oo n o em é l e a deux demandes de M. BJK1® • J e
o r o i a p o u v o i r a t t i r e r v o t r e a t t e n t i o n gar l e s p o i n t s s u iv a n t s .
l o ) M. HOOVSK p o u r r a i t - i l o b t e n i r que l a r è g l e m e n ta t i o n
des E ta t s - U n i s au s u j e t de l 'im m igra t ion s o i t q u e lq u e p e u r e
l â c h é e ?
A oe s u j e t , j e f e r a i s rem arquer que d 'u n e manière généra le
l ' a p p l i c a t i o n d e s l o i s s u r l 'immigrat ion aux E ta t s - U n is e s t
a s s e z s t r i o t e e t q u ' i l ne p e u t y ê t r e dérogé que p a r des l o i s
ou d e s r é s o l u t i o n s c o n j o i n t e s des deux Chambres. I l n ' e s t d'
a i l l e u r s p a s e x o lu q u 'u n e r é s o l u t i o n de oe gen re p u i s s e e t r e
p r i s e e t e n f a i t dans o e a d e r n i e r s temps q u e lq u e s d é c is io n s
ont é t é a d o p t é e a , mais p o u r a u t a n t que j e p u i s s e en ju g er de
l o i n , i l me sem ble peu p ro b a b le que l e P a r le m e n t des E t a t s -
Unis p re n n e des m esures s p é c i a l e s en f a v e u r de R u sses , t o u
j o u r s un p e u s u s p e c ta de s ' ê t r e a s s i m i l é s des i d é e s b o lohév is -
2o) P o u r r a i t - o n r e p o r t e r à l ' a n n é e p r o c h a in e ( J u i l l e t
1982 à j u i l l e t 1923) une p a r Lie de l a b a la n c e non épu isée de
R u sse s?
l o i l a r é p o n se me p a r a i t ê t r e in d i s c u t a b l e m e n t non. l a
l o i a c t u e l l e m e n t en v ig u e u r n ' a v a i t é t é co nçue que pour un an
e t i l n ' y e s t évidemment p a s q u e s t i o n d<l r e p o r t . Dans l e s B i l l s
v o t é s en de a t e x t e a d i f f é r e n t s p a r l e s deux Chambres de a E ta t s -
Un is e t sur l e a q u e l a 1 ' ac co rd ne a ' e s t p a a e n c o r e f a i t j e c ro i s ,
j e n ' a i vu aucun amendement qu i permetGoe r e p o r t . I l f a u d r a i t
donc i c i a u s s i une l o i ou une r é s o l u t i o n c o n jo in t e des Chambres
Toute a o e a que a t i o n s ne r e g a r d e n t d ' a i l l e u r a paa s t r i o t e -
ment l a l é g i s l a t i o n , m ais p l u t ô t l ' a p p l i o a t i o n de a l o i s qui ap
pend de l ' a d m i n i s t r a t i o n a m é r i c a in e pour ch aque c a s p a r t ic u l ie r .
Comme M i n i s t r e , m. HOOVER p o u r r a i t sans d o u te o b t e n i r un exa
men p a r t i c u l i è r e m e n t f a v o r a b le d e s o a a i n d i v id u e l s .
ci J a n Jru-, < ûv
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r-,le B/JP1/6/22
ÜWITEB STATES .
Mr.GEEENWOOD, the Washington correspondanttu,
of|International labour Office states in his report
of April 80th. to May 5th. 1922/(thete is ft shortage
of workers in the steel mills and factories in the
Calumet region of Indiana. The shortage is ascribed
to the fact that many foreigners have returned to their
home lands or have moved to other regions during the
depression, and also to the minimum wage scale of
28 cents an hour.
Acute shortage of semi-skilled laborers
for rolling mills in Yougstown Ohio, district is reported.
The american Legion employment bureeLu in Baltimore
has registered more vacancies than applicants for work.
L
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RUSSIAN REFUGEES IN THE UNITED STATES
The most helpful suggestion I can make about
Russian Refugees in America is this:-
That instead of making any vague, general theoretical
proposition to the American authorities, the League states
specifically and directly exactly what it is that it wants,
that is, the number of people, their present locations,
their character, their method of shipment to America,
their available money, etc., with a specific enumeration
of what the American Government might do on its part, i.e.,
relaxation of immigration restrictions, provision of em
ployment etc. This would follow the very admirable
precedent set by the A.R.A., ijl offering 100,000 dollars
for 15,000 refugees in Constantinople on condition that
the League raised 30,000 pounds.
If it is desired to make any such proposal unofficially,
we could do it either through Greenwood, the I.L.O. man at
V/ashington who is very close to the American Immigration
authorities, or direct through the A.R.A. who might find
it more effective to care for these refugees in America,
than in Constantinople.
h r- Â v O i - *-T / - I 7
yV— V <-
//>/
June 6th, 1922,
ir
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/— H - ^ '?/; 7ÿw ~ ~ /A- ^ ^6 ' <*_
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Geneva, June IO th 1928.
A6/2072*/£0724.«.
T e a r Mr. B u t le r ,
W ith re fe re n c e t o our re o e n t c o n v e rs a t io n re g a rd in g
th e p o s s i b i l i t y o f s e c u r in g employment f o r R uss ian
aefuece» I n th e U n ite » e ta te e , I b -e t o «no looe h e re w ith ,
t o r yO JT In fo r m a t io n , oopjr o i a m inu te on the e u b je o t h j
a r . 3 « e n t ie r o l ou r In fo rm a t io n e o t lo n , »ho le « e l l ln lo r m e l
on American q u e s t io n s .
You w i l l see t h a t M r. ;<weetser endorses you r v iew
th a t the b e s t way t o app roach the s u b je c t I s th ro u g h
. j r . Greenwood, w i th whom you v e ry k i n d l y p rom ised to
o ommunloat e on the rofcjtifiht*
Yours v e r y t r u l y .
B fe c re ta ry t o H igh Jommleolonor f o r .vuselan Sefugees.
■j t , b u tu ;b ,I n t e r n a t i o n a l Labour o i f l o e .
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r - i ^RUSSIAN REFUGEES IN THE UNITED STATES
The most helpful suggestion I can make about
Russian Refugees in America is this:-
That instead of making any vague, general theoretical
proposition to the American authorities, the League states
specifically and directly exactly what it is that it wants,
that is, the number of people, their present locations,
their character, their method of shipment to America,
their available money, etc., with a specific enumeration
of what the American Government might do on its part, i.e.,
relaxation of immigration restrictions, provision of em
ployment etc. This would follow the very admirable
precedent set by the A.R.A., ifl offering 100,000 dollars
for 15,000 refugees in Constantinople on condition that
the League raised 30,000 pounds,
If it is desired to make any such proposal unofficially,
we could do it either through Greenwood, the I.L.O. man at
Washington who is very close to the American Immigration
authorities, or direct through the A.R.A. who might find
it more effective to care for these refugees in America,
than in Constantinople.
A s-
Z/ . ~ , f U s i n . ' - r - A' I 7 ->* A -y < ■y-*** ' / /
-6 », -
June 6th, 1922.A-sfX-- V t 0—.U
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Ÿf/1 aM
/ J ~ - < ~ > &~4
«■ A~ ^ « £-/ — H<- L^ lj f h ^ A ^
* „ ^ ■
'w îc'U;- û*™^ £l
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Genera, June IO th 1922,
46/80784/80724,.
\D ear Mr. B u t le r ,
W ith re fe re n o e t o our re o e n t o o n re ro a t lo n re g a rd in g
th e p o s s i b i l i t y o f a e o u r ln g employment f o r R uss ian
Refugees I n the U n ite f t a t e s , I beg to eno looe h e re w i th ,
t o r yo i r In fo r m a t io n , oopy o f a m inu te on th e a u b je o t by
H r . "w ev tee r o f ou r I n lo rm a t lo n e o t lo n , who la w e l l In fo rm ed
on American q u e s t io n s .
You w i l l ese th a t ."jr. S w eeteer endorsee y o u r v iew
th a t the b e s t way to approaoh the a u b je o t lo th ro u g h
J r . Greenwood, w i th whom you rery k in d l y prom ised to
o ommun lo a t e on the wa&jÆ5*1.
Yours r e r j i t r u l y ,
e t 'e o re ta ry t o n ig h Jommleoloner f o r ...ueelan ie fu g e e s .
>J r . BUTIKB,In t e r n a t i o n a l Labour J l f l o e .
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Extrait du Journal:
Date:
/ 6 ÉTATS UNIS D'AMÉRIQUE
Dans sa séancc du 2 mni, la Chambre dos Représcn- ants a adopté le rapport de la commission interparlemen- aire, prolongeant de deux ans, A partir du 30 juin 1*122, u durée d'application de la loi restreignant le nombre des mmigrants ft admettre aux F.tats-Unis ft 3 % du nombre les originaires de chacune des nationalités fixés dans le
Los organisations qui s’occupent des réfugiés russes se ;ont émues de ces mesures de prohibition. Dans une séance rju'il a tenue ft Genève, le Comité consullatlf institué auprès du Dr Nansen, Haut-commissaire pour l ’rouvre de se- ’ours russe après de la Société des Nations, a voté la motion suivante, sur la proposition de M. Lucien Wolf, délégué des associations juives :
" J-6 Comité consultatif, représentant des principales organisations de secours aux réfugiés russes, réuni sous la présidence du Haut-commissaire près la Société des Nations. a pris connaissance avec un profond regret du peu de succès de ses efforts en vue de faciliter ft un grand nombre de réfuciés russes l’émimtion dans les pays trnn=noénniens. i.c Comité fait annel ft l’opinion publique de C"s pavs et lui demande son nnpui pour résoudre le problème des réfugies russes, qui sont ft charge ft Plïnrone. néjft ]ns nnvs européens ont consenti en leur faveur de lourds sacrifices. Rien nue s»rn°ur>lés et souffrent du elirtmaee, île; nnl réussi ft placer mielijui's enntaines de milliers de réfugiés et ils ont pourvu A l'entretien de masses considérables de malheureux qui se trouvent notneiment dans les contrées limitro- ni.es d» la Russie. Nous demandons instamment aux grands n.'>vs d’immigration de pnrll-iper ft ces charrr-s en -Iténnant n ri""fur '*l,s lois en cours. l'n -rrand nembr» de réfugiés
pourraient trouver asile dans In-irs (oratoires : d«s né"o- en^n'es Permettraient de les ' conditions
i. 11 !l'!:ssc*mcnt des immigrants. »
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' L e t t e r fromE r h e s t Greeenwood
America c o r re s p o n d e n t I n t e r n a t i o n a l Labour O f f i c e
WASHINGTON
to Mr. H.B. B u t l e r , Deputy D i r e c t o r , INTERHATI0 UAL LABOUR .OFFICE,Geneva, S w i tz e r la n d .
Dear B u t l e r ,
With f u r t h e r r e f e r e n c e to y o u r l e t t e r r / 202/ 3/ c / H
re g a r d in g R u ss ia n re fu g e e s i n Europe and t h e q u e s t io n of
a s s i s t i n g a c e r t a i n number o f them to e n t e r t h e U n i te d S t a t e s ,
I beg to a d v i s e t h a t s i n c e my r e p o r t t o you o f J u n e 1 6 t h , I
h ave had a co n f e re n c e w ith Congressman S idny Anderson o f Minnea-
c o t a , Chairman o f t h e J o i n t C o n g re s s io n a l Committee to I n v e s t ig a
t e t h e A g r i c u l t u r a l S i t u a t i o n .
him t h e s i t u a t i o n i n Europe w i th re g a rd to t h e s e r e fu g e e s , and
s t a t i n g t h a t i t was a m a t t e r i n which I was p e r s o n a l l y i n t e r e s
t e d owing to my knowledge o f t h e e f f o r t s t h a t h ave been made
by t h e a l r e a d y - o v e rb u r d e n e d c o u n t r i e s o f Europe to c a r e f o r
t h e s e r e f u g e e s , and t h e a s s u r a n c e s which had been g iv e n me by
t h e Com missioner-G enera l o f Im m ig ra t io n t h a t they were a
d e s i r a b l e c l a s s o f im m ig ra n ts . I a l s o d e s c r ib e d to him i n some
d e t a i l my d i s c u s s i o n o f t h e s u b j e c t w i th Commissioner-Genera l
Husband and th e o b s t a c l e s t o b r in g i n g any c o n s id e r a b l e number
t o t h e U n i te d S t a t e s s e t up by th e v a r io u s e x c lu s io n c la u s e s
i n ou r Im m ig ra t io n Law.
t h e s e d i f f i c u l t i e s d i d n o t p r o v id e t h e c h i e f o b s t a c l e to your
p r o j e c t . The g r e a t d i f f i c u l t y now seems to b e t h e d i s p o s i t i o n
o f any c o n s i d e r a b l e number o f t h e s e R u s s ia n re fu g e e s once they
had e n t e r e d t h e U n i ted S t a t e s . Accord ing t o L r . Anderson ,
a g r i c u l t u r e i n t h i s c o u n t r y i s i n r a t h e r a bad way a t th e
p r e s e n t moment. While t h e p r i c e s o f a g r i c u l t u r a l p ro d u c ts to
I c a l l e d upon H r . Anderson i n f o r m a l l y , e x p la in in g to
Mr. Anderson was im m edia te ly o f t h e o p in io n t h a t
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t h e c o n s u m e r a r e s t i l l v e r y h i g h , t h e s e p r i c e s a r e n o t d u e to
t h e p r i c e s r e c e i v e d by t h e f a r m e r b u t r a t h e r t o a b n o r m a l c o s t s
o f d i s t r i b u t i o n . The p u r c h a s i n g p o w e r o f t h e f a r m e r h a s b e e n
r e d u c e d t o s u c h a p o i n t t h a t some m a n u f a c t u r e r s o f a g r i c u l
t u r a l i m p l e m e n t s h a v e r e d u c e d t h e i r p r o d u c t i o n t o b e tw e e n 25 /«
a n d b0% o f t h e n o r m a l . The f a r m e r h a s r e d u c e d h i s p r o d u c t i o n .
A c c o r d i n g t o Id r . A n d e r s o n , t h e r e i s no demand f o r a g r i c u l t u r a l
l a b o r o f a n y k i n d a t t h i s t i m e . E v e n t h e demand f o r s e a s o n a l
l a b o r , s u c h a s t h a t r e q u i r e d i n t h e h a r v e s t t i m e , i s b e i n g
l a r g e l y t a k i n g c a r e o f b y c o o p e r a t i o n b e t w e e n f a r m e r s i n t h e
l a r g e a g r i c u l t u r a l d i s t r i c t s .
A-r. A n d e r s o n c a l l e d ny a t t e n t i o n t o t h e f a c t t h a t
t h e s e R u s s i a n r e f u g e e s c o u l d n o t b e e x p e c t e d t o know a n y t h i n g
a b o u t A m e r i c a n m e t h o d s o f f a r m i n g . He c a l l e d p a r t i c u l a r a t t e n t i o n
t o t h e f a c t t h a t m o s t o f o u r f a r m i n g i s d o n e b y m a c h i n e r y , and
t h a t t h e f a r m l a b o r e r o f t o d a y m u s t b e s o m e t h i n g o f a m e c h a n ic .
He t e l l s me t h a t , w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f some s m a l l p o r t i o n o f*
t h e s u g a r - b e e t i n d u s t r y , e v e n w e e d in g i s do n e b y m a c h i n e r y . He
seem ed t o f e e l t h a t i t w i l l b e i m p o s s i b l e t o p l a c e any number
o f t h e s e R u s s i a n r e f u g e e s on A m e r i c a n f a r m s . As h e p u t i t , th e y
h a v e no k n o w l e d g e and now o n l y p r i m i t i v e m e t h o d s o f a g r i c u l t u r e ,
a n d t h e y a v e r a g e A m e r i c a f e r m e r w o u ld n o t b o t h e r w i t h th em even
t h o u g h h e c o u l d g e t them f o r a v e r y s m a l l w age . He m e n t io n e d th e
f a c t t h a t t h e r e a r e a c o n s i d e r a b l e n u m b er o f R u s s i a n employed i n
a g r i c u l t u r e i n N o r t h D a k o t a , b u t t h a t N o r t h D a k o t a h a s had t h r e e
o r f o u r s u c c e s s i v e o r o p f a i l u r e s a n d t h e f a r m e r s i n t h a t S t a t e
a r e i n no p o s i t i o n t o t a k e o n a n y a d d i t i o n a l l a b o r . T h e r e f o r i t
w o u ld seem t h a t i f H r . A n d e r s o n i s c o r r e c t ( a n d t h e r e i g no rea so n
why h e s h o u l d r .o t b e c o r r e c t a s h e h a s b e e n m a k in g a p e r s o n a l
s t u d y o f o u r a g r i c u l t u r a l s i t u a t i o n f o r m o n t h s ) , t h e r e would be
g r e a t d i f f i c u l t y i n s e c u r i n g a n y s p e c i a l l e g i s l a t i o n t o adm i t
an y c o n s i d e r a b l e n u m b e r o f r e f u g e e s f o r t h e r e a s o n t h a t i t would
b e i m p o s s i b l e t o f i n d any em p lo y m en t f o r th e m e x c e p t a s comjion
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l a b o r e r s i n i n d u s t r i a l c e n t e r s .
I a l s o h a v e l a i d t h i s m a t t e r b e f o r e S e c r e t a r y o f
Commerce H o o v e r , u n o f f i c i a l l y . I h a v e r e c e i v e d f r o m h i m t h i s
m o r n i n g a l e t t e r w r i t t e n a s f o l l o w s :
l ly d e a r H r . G re e n w o o d : ,I t h a n k y o u f o r y o u r l e t t e r o f J u n e 1 6 t h , e n c l o s i t,
c o p y o f a l e t t e r c o n c e r n i n g R u s s i a n r e f u g e e s .T h i s i s a n i n t e r e s t i n g p r o b l e m , b u t I a g r e e w i t n
y o u t h a t i t i s w h o l l y a m a t t e r f o r l e g i s l a t i o n a n d I ao n o t b e l i e v e any a c t i o n c a n b e t a k e n e x c e p t a l o n g t h a t
Y o u r s f a i t h f u l l y ,
(evcd) H e r b e r t H o o v e r .
So y o u w i l l s e e f r o m t h i s t h a t h e b e l i e v e s t h e o n l y way a n y t h i n g
c a n b e a c c o m p l i s h e d i s b y s p e c i a l l e g i s l a t i o n .
( S g d , ) E r n e s t G reenw ood
D i r e c t o r ,
W a s h i n g t o n O f f i c e .
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L e t t e r from E r n e s t Greenwood
American co r re sp o n d e n t I n t e r n a t i o n a l La bour O f f i c e
V/ASKIHGTOM..
to H r . H.B. B u t l e r , Deputy D i r e c t o r , INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE,Geneva, S w i tz e r la n d .
Dear B u t l e r ,
Your l e t t e r o f J u n e 1 6 th , r / Z 0 z/ z /C c o n t in u in g your
p r e v i o u s l e t t e r on t h e s u b j e c t o f R u ss ia n r e f u g e e s , throws new
l i g h t on t h i s s u b j e c t . F o r i n s t a n c e , t h e r e i s a p o s s i b i l i t y
t h a t t h e 1800 men who c o n s t i t u e d t h e T e c h n ic a l Coips o f Wrangle a
army m ight b e p l a c e d i n t h e au to m o b ile i n d u s t r y . I w i l l t a k e t h i s
m a t t e r up in f o r m a l ly w i th t h e N a t io n a l Automobile Chamber of
a l r e a d y t a k e n t h i s m a t t e r up w ith S e c r e t a r y Hoover a l th o u g h I
have n o t t a l k e d w i th him ab o u t i t . I ex p e c t t o s ee him, however,
w i t h i n t h e n ex t few days on o t h e r m a t t e r s , and i f h e t h in k s i t
a d v i s a b l e I w i l l go t o Mew y o rk and d i s c u s s i t w i th t h e American
R e l i e f A d m in i s t r a t i o n o f f i c i a l s t h e r e . I f I co u ld e n l i s t t h e i r
c o - o p e r a t io n by c a l l i n g t h e t r a t t e n t i o n to t h e p o i n t you make
i n y our l a s t l e t t e r , they co u ld undoub téd ly b e ve ry h e l p f u l in
a s o lv in g t h e q u e s t i o n o f f i n d i n g employment .
fo l l o w in g t h i s m a t t e r a c t i v e l y , and a t t h e same t ime q u i * l y ,
and do e v e ry th in g in my power to s o lv e t h e p rob le sm s in v o lv e d .
Commerce,
As you w i l l n o te from my l e t t e r o f y e s t e r d a y , I have
At t h e moment I can only day to you t h a t I w i l l keep
C o r d i a l l y y o u r s ,
( Sgd .) E r n e s t Greenwood
W ashington O f f ic e ,
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4 6 / 2 0 7 24/X
0 3 H 3 V A.
7 t h J u l y , 1 9 2 2 .
Dear Mr. B u t l e r ,
fe wore v o r y i n t e r e s t s ! in d e e d i n th e two
co p y l o t t e r a from M r. J r e e m o o » w i t h r e f e r e n c e to
th e employment o f Rugni&n r e f u g e e s i n the U n i te d
S t a t e s which yon were ao rood no t o send to u a .
The s u g g e s t i o n h e make a t h a t t h e r • i a 8
p o s s i b i l i t y t h a t the 1800 men who o o n a t i t u t e the
t e o h n i o a l c o r p s o f r a n c r e l ' s / rmy might b e p la c e d
i n the an tom ob i le i n d u s t r y i a en e x o e e d i n d y i n
t e r e s t i n g on e , aa i f t h i e orge ni n a t i o n c o u ld be
t r a n s f e r r e d to America i t would p r o b a b ly b e th e
b e a t s o l u t i o n o f tho . i f f i c u l t y D r . Nanaen e x p e r
i e n c e s i n c o n n e c t i o n w i th u n d e r t a k in g the p l a c i n g
o f r e f u g e e s w ho -r e u noer ,'range 1 ' a a u t h o r i t y .
Aa you n r o b a b ly know Dr. Ncnaen haa been
o f f e r e d e c e r t a i n r r a n t p e r head b y O e m r a l r o n g e l
i n r e s p e c t o f t h o s e 1600 r e f u g e e s so t h a t i f th e y
co u ld be s e n t t o the U n i te d 3 t a t e a th e money i n
q u e s t i o n w o u ld come i n e x c e e d i n g l y u s e f u l f o t the
e v a c u a t i o n o f the r e f u g e e s from C o n s t a n t i n o p l e .
The som o f f e r e d would i n f a c t e n a b le D r . Nensvn to
ta k e ad van tage o f nn o f f e r t o e v a c u a t e a b o u t 1000
a i h e r l a n s t o V la d i v o a t o o k , w hic h would be a most
a w f u l c o n t r i b u t i o n t o the o o l n t i o n o f t - e C o n s t a n t
i n o p l e p ro b lem .
Yours e i n o e r e l y .
H. B . B u t l e r , " . s i . .I n t e r n e t i o n u l Labour O f f i c e . -
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I I \ contenta of this document must . .not_bJ-
COiTFIDEKTIi
Ver,.. Deputy Pi recto: ^-Labour Office nerland.
n This will acknowledge receipt of your letter r/202/3/c/H,
dated June 2nd, enclosing copy of a Resolution which vas adopted
at the last meeting of the Advisory Committee of the High Comis-
sioner for Russian Refugees, and suggesting that I approach Mr.
Husband, the Commissioner-General of Immigration, and find out
unofficially what steps, if any, could be taken to assist a certain
number of these refugees to enter the United States.
I had luncheon with Mr. Husband yesterday, and discussed
this matter with him for nearly four hours. I find that he
knows this class of Russian immigrant very well, having, as he
says, slept with them and eaten with them, in Russia. It is his
opinion that while they are a primitive people, they are in
every way desirable immigrants and make splendid citizens. There
are, however, a number of obstacles in the way of such a project
as you suggest which, for the moment, seem almost insurmountable.
Section 3 of our present Immigration Law, reads as follows:
"That the following classes of aliens shall be excluded from admission into the United States : *** persons hereinafter called contract laborers, who have been induced.assist ed, encouraged, or solicited to migrate to this country by offers or promises of employment, whether such offers or promises are true or false, or in consequence of agreements oral, written or printed, express or implied, to perform ’labor in this country of any kind, skilled or unskilled- * * * persons likely to become a public charge; * * *persons whose ticket or passage is paid for by any corporation, association, society, municipality, or foreign government ' directly or indirectly." * ^ r
Ther are, of course, many other classes of immigrants
specified in Section 3, but the above quotation contains provi
sions which directly affect this present situation.
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The one provision which causes the greatest difficulty
in this particular instance is the one v/hich excludes persons
whose tickets or passage is paid for by any corporation,
association, society, municipality, or foreign government.
It is quite obvious that the passage of these refugees would
be paid for by some association, foreign government, or by
founds which might be provided by the Commissariat and which
would bring the immigrant within the law. There has been one
case recently where an American llennonite Society brought to
this country seventy Russian lîennonites. To overcome passport
difficulties, this Society first obtained special permission
from the Department of Stat& When they alrived here, it was
found that the Society had paid for their passage. It was
finally arranged that each of the seventy Russian should give
to the Society a note for the amount of the passage money,
and the seventy were admitted temporarily for six months. At
the end of the six months it was found that severy one of
the refugees was well established on farms, some of them had
paid their note in full, and the balance had made substan
tial payments of them. They were thereupon admitted permanent
ly. The Commis ioner-Ger.etal, however, is not at all sure in
his own mind that the Department acted in this mutter in stricu
accordance with the law. He is quite sure that such a device
would be absolutely impossible in the case of any considerable
number of refugees, even though there might be some organiza
tion to handle the details, such as the taking of notes and
the keeping track of each individual Immigrant who might have
been admitted temporarily.
We then approached the subject from another angle, the
Commissioner-General recalled that a Section of the Law of
16 1907 exempted States and Territories of the United States
from those provisions of the law v/hich forbid the entrance
of immigrants v/ho had come in response to advert!s*n,enta
offering inducements to aliens to seule in dome particule
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section of the country. The Commiaaioner-General recalls
that the State of North Carolina had, under the provision»
of this law, imported aorne a even hundred Belgians as agr
cultural workere. unfortunately, at the end of the year hut
aeventy of theae immigrai-.ta could be found in the State, the
balance had acattered, and the project to import agricultu
ral workera waa dropped. Thia particular Section of the Law
of 1907, however, waa repealed by the Law of 1917. The Com!a
aioner-General called in the Solicitor and the Aasiatant
Solicitor of the Department, and put before them the question
aa to whether or nor a State would have the right to approp
riate funds to pay the passage of immigrants for the purpose
of securing them as agricultural workers. It was the opinion
of the Solicitor that no State would have the right to approp
riate such funds and, if it was found that they could do so,
such action would still be contrary to the Federal Law.
This question of the payment of the passage money is
one which cannot be overcome, at the moment, without legisla
tion. Neither the Secretary nor the Commiasionefr-Ger.eral has
any discration in the matter. If it could be shown that these
refugees have money of their own to pay their passage--that
is, money not supplied by any organization or government for
the purpose of paying their passage to the United States— one
of the chief difficulties would be overcome.
You may be interested to know how this provision happened
to be included in the law. Sometime in the Minetiea it was
discovered that, either before or after the period of the
Civil War, the German Governement gathered together a shipload
of criminals and shipped them to America. This exclusion claua,,
was immediately inserted in the law, and has been there ever
The provision excluding persons who are likely to become
a public charge, or persona who might come under the so-called
Contract Labor Law, does not present insurmountable difficllj_ti&
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- 4 -
nThe Commissioner-General aaya thiit he would not conaider
that these refugees would come under thia provision airnply
because they came In reaponae to aaauranoe from some aooiflt/
or groupe of employera or some State that they would find
employment or meana of livelihood in aome particular section
of the country.
Neither do I think the question of paaaporta, or the
viae of paaaporta, presents any insurmountable obataole.
The precedent has already been established by the State
Department in the case of the seventy Russian îiennonitea.
I have not .of course taken this up with the State Department,
nor will I do ao until I hear further from you and until it
ia discovered whether or. not the difficulties involved in the
question of passage money can be overcome.
I find that within the last few days Mr. Steenerson,
member of Congress from the State of Hinneaota, has intro
duced an amendment to the act limiting the immigration of
aliéna into the United States, which provides that "aliens
experienced in agricultural upon filing with the American
Consul at the port of embarcation a statement of such experienu-
and a sworn declaration of intention to either aettle upon the
public land of the United States and occupy and farm the aame,
or to purchaae, cultivate, and improve other land available
for such purpose : Provided. That auch alien shall deposit the
sum of ^ 200 for himself and each adult member of his family
and 50 for each minor child admitted hereunder, aaid aum or
sums to be repaid to auch alien or his successors in interest
upon satisfactory proof that said declaration has been oompliea
with; otherwise said aum or suma to be applied to the cost of
deporting such alien and hi a family for failure to comply
with said declaration.11 This proposed legislation does not of
course, offer any solution of the difficulties involved in you
project. The Commissioner-General suggested, however, that I
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g«39 Ur. Steeneraon and expiain to him in detail the aituatio
of these Ruaaian refugees, the splendid work which haa been
done by the already-overburdened nations of Europe, the moral
reaponaability of the United States to do it ahar«, and the
opportunity which is provided to secure high-grade agricultural
labor and at the same time discharge a portion of this moral
obligation. In other worda, it was the thought of the Commis
sioner-General that I might suggest to Hr Steeneraon that he
amend hia bill to take care of this particular, and peculiar,
situation. In this way the whole matter of Ruaaian refugees-
who are skilled agricultural workers and who are considered
by the Commissioner-General aa deairable immigrants - would
be brought to the attention of Congress in the hoi» of secu
ring some form of special legislation to accomplish your
purpoaea. It is of course unnecessary for me to say to you
that in doing this I would do it in such a way that I could
not be accused of attempting to secure legislation for some
specific purpose, i would aimply supply Krj. Steeneraon with
the detailed information concerning the situation of these
refugees in Europe, and the matter would go before Congress
as hia own proposition, together with the information which
would apparently have been solicited from me by him, rather
th i offered to him with any definite suggestion, i may aay to
you that I have the authority of the Commisaioner-General to
aay to Mr. Steeneraon that I have called upon him at his request, 1
The Cotijidssioner-General has also requested me to see
Senator Sterling, who is now formulating some new lagialation,
and lay thla entire matter before him. The Commissioner-General
and Senator Sterling are close personal frienda, and work toe;e- !
ther. As in the case of 2£r. Steenerson, the Commissioner-General
instructs me to say that I an: calling on Senator Sterling at his ^
request.
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This is the situation as it is at the moment. Although he
is entirely sypathetio toward the whole idea, the Commisai oner
General can find no way of admitting these refugees unless it
ca be shown that they had paid their own passage out of their own
funds, or unless special legislation is secured, Tt is my personal
opinion that the other exclusion clauses (with the exception of
those involving ^certain class of contagious or incurable diseases)
do not provide any serious obstacles. Neither do I think the
question of passports is a very great problem under the plan
suggested in your letter.
I will discuss this matter with both Mr. Steenerson and
Senator Sterling within the next few days and write to you further.
Cordially yours,
(SAd)Ernest Greenwood
Director,Washington Office.
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rU f . D ick inson . - -
"fi th r e fe r e n c e to U r . Greenw ood's l e t t e r o f the
14 th J u l y , a d d r e s s e d to Mr. B u t l e r , r e g a r d i n g an a r r a n g e
ment f o r t h e advance o f t r a n s p o r t expenses t o R ussian
re fu g e e s s e e k in g employment i n the U n i ted S t a t e s , i n
such a way as to s a t i s f y the im m ig ra t io n a u t h o r i t i e s ,
i t would be v e r y convenient i f Mr. Greenwood could make
an arrangement w i th the N a t io n a l Automobile Chamber o f
Commerc" f o r an advance to be made to any re f u g e e s to
whom they may o f f e r employment on the u n d e r s ta n d in g t h a t
th e advance should be r e p a i d from the r e f u s e s ' wages
a f t e r a r r i v a l . I u n d e r s ta n d t h a t s u c h an ar rangem en t
i s made w i th the em ig ra n ts to c e r t a i n B r i t i s h c o lo n ie s
and on th e whole i s ve ry s a t i s f a c t o i y .
As f a r a s t h e G a l l i p o l i r e f u g e e s a r e co n c e r n e d , i f
t h e N a t io n a l Automobile Chamber of Comne r c e co uld see
i t s way to advance a p o r t i o n o f t h e t r a n s p o r t expenses
i t might be n o a s i b l e f o r Dr. Nansen to make u t > t h e d i f f
e r e n c e , a l s o i n t h e shape o f on advance , i n which c a se
the Chamber o f Commerce would be asked to make an a r r
angement t o have t h i s advance a l s o re funded from the
r e f u g e e s ' wages.
■
27 th J u l y 192?. -
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rM I N U T E S H E E T .
A
s'lurj xirjt
L
,K;
Ur. de Watteville.n
Ur. Greenwood writes porsonoll^and confidential
ly to Mr. Butler that he has had a long talk with Mr.
Johnson, Washington representative of the National Automobile
Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Greenwood laid before Mr. Pÿk«
Johnson the entire situation with regard to the 1,800 mem
bers of the Technical Corps of Y/rangel's army and said that
he thought the automobile industry could absorb them with
out difficxilty. m t . x’yke Johnson was inten^Ly interested
and will take the matter up with his board of directors.
Mr. Greenwood has also discussed the matter with
Mr. Hoover who was very interested.
Mr. Greenwood says that if he can arrange for the
National Automobile Chamber of Commerce to take these men
it only remains for the High Commissariat to/take the neces
sary arrangements for advancing money for their passages.
It will have definitely to appear that the money was
lent to each individual for the purpose of paying his pas
sage to America when the Commissioner-General will rule that
they will not come under the "Assisted Immigrant Exclusion
Clause" and will admit them on Mr. Greenwood giving some
assurance that they will not become a charge on the public.
Mr. Butler has again emphasised the need for giving
no sort of publicity to this affair unless authorisation
is given by the International labour Office.
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M IN U T E S H E E T .
R.20^/S/_D/ ^
r W/MK. Reference -9 —lQ l
Mr. de V/atteville
V/ith reference to your minute of th
regarding assisted passages for Gallipoli refugees, Mr.
Butler is away and will not be back until next month so
that I am not able to give you a definite answer for the
iJy own opinion is that while there would be no ob
jection to passing on your suggestion to Mr. Greenwood
it would be unwise to rely on its being received with any
especial favour. The tone of Mr. Greenwood letters con
veys an impression that while he will do his best to per
suade the National Automobile Chan ber of Commerce to take
these men he expects the High Commissariat to tiiake the
arrangements for transport^.
moment.
Ü .8 .Ü 2 . U .
(7582) Wt. Ml3—123 1(10,000 7/il J. T. .<■ S., Ltd. 102 (MIUWIT)
«
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Wr.v-v
m s siiissi Ei i n i fn n n n o n n iD E L A P R E S S E S. A
'*ux de Rédaction. - BitillooriRecherches dens blbllothéqun. -
' lAiaUtiUAXlOX IN THEUNITED STATES. \ A
1# -POSSIBLE LABOUR SHORTAGE.Tho decrease in unemployment nn<l llm
general industrial improvement in the United Stales has brought nut the inabilities of nil actual shortage occurring among common midskilled workers in some lines and localities,
..notably in llm stoél mills and the automobile •(industry. “ TliotO is lit tie doubt,’’ states the 1 Ouaranly Surety, the monthly publication ,of t he Guaranty Trust Company of New York, " |hat if the slionrtge which is said to impend lii-enmes an actuality our present immigration laws will hr considered an important con-
uniting immigration into this country Ix-emne
i . J 1 <
limitation, e*|iccially if the
S SUISSE EI lNTERtiATIOIIAL
E xtrait du Journa l : /> .' h /H A >'>
A M
Taxe d'inscriptlc
Ml'
rerceniageI m m i g r a t i o n
BïTTOfîeredPe rm a n e n t LiiHifation In
A m erica Is P roposed
h i Congress
- ? “ “ “ “
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'/iV x
L E A G U E O F N A T I O N S
H I G H C O M M I S S I O N F O R R E F U G E E S
CON STANTINOPLE.
LEA GU E o f n a t i o n sh i g h c o w m s s i o ' i i f o r r - F u c : E S l v
CONSTANTINOPLE W
M.V"
(U U,»L
Hey, I echvikié Djade
6th. Noventoer 1922
My Dear Johnson,
A ttached plea»# f in d Uemorandx» on ev acua tion t o America.
I should be g r a te f u l t o have your v i e w on th e su b jec t.
I have a lread y appealed t o e l l In te re s te d O rganisations he re w ith a view t-o
ob ta in in g a ss is ta n c e b u t a t p resen t nothing can be produced»
P e rso n a lly I regard th e s i t u a t io n fo r R ussians here as
be ing so eer io u s t h a t I th in k we * o u ld use our utmost endeavours t o ensure
t h a t th e se people g e t away t o America.
With k in d reg a rd s ,
Yours s in c e re ly ,
EBPUTY ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER, LEAGUE OF NATIONS,
CONSTANTINOPLE.
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M B M O R A H L U M
on e m i g r a t i o n to t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s Am er loa
yThe c n e u l a t e o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s i n C o n e t a n t i n o p l e
i s g r a n t i n g w i l l i n g l y v i s a s to r u e s i a n r e f u g e e s , h a v i n g
l e t t e r s o f i n t r o d u c t i o n f rom t h e Leag ue o f H â t i o n s and
p r o m i n e n t /Vmerioan I n s t i t u t i o n s .
As t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s a r e th e o n l y o v e r s e a s c o u n t r y
h a v i n g d i r e c t s t e a m s h i p l i n e s w i t h C o n e t a n t i n o p l e , a num
b e r o f r e f u g e e s w i s h t o l e a v e f o r t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s , whe
r e many o f t hem h av e f r i e n d s and r e l a t i v e s .
The a v e r a g e p r i c e o f a t h i r d c l a s s t i c k e t i s L t q s 88 ,
o o e t o f v i s a $10 ( L t q a 1 8 . 5 0 } and i n c l u d i n g d o c t o r ' s
c e r t i f i c a t e , i n o c u l a t i o n e t c . t h e g e n e r a l e x p e n d i t u r e can
be e s t i m a t e d a t L t » s 110 p . o a p .
In c a s e i f t h e r e f u g e e s c o u l d be s e n t i n g r o u p s , t h i s
a v e r a g e d e x p e n d i t u r e c o u l d b e r e d u c e d t o L t q s 9 0 - 9 5 .
Up t o now t h e Leag ue o f H â t i o n s i s p a y i n g f o r t h e v i s a s
t o s u ch r e f u g e e s a s h av e s e n t i n c e r t i f i c a t e s p r o o v i n g
t h a t t h e i r p a s s a g e to t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s i s P a i d by some
o t h e r o r g a n i s a t i o n ( ' . B . C . e t c ) o r have f r e e p a s s a g e
( employmen t on b o a r d e t c ) and o n l y i n e x c e p t i o n a l c a s n e
t h e Leag ue o f Bet i o n s p r o v i d e s c e r t a i n e m a i l sums i n
a d d i t i o n t o t h e f u n d s a l l r e a d y p o s s e s s e d by t h e r e f u g e e s
i n o r d e r t o p ay f o r t h e i r t i c k e t s , s u c h a d d i t i o n a l eume
n o t e x c e e d i n g i n e v e r y ca s e L t n e 35 p e r . h .
As t h e nee d f o r a s s i s t a n c e i n e m i g r a t i n g to t h e U n i
t e d S t a t e s i s v e r y c o n r i d e r a b l e and come ^ 0 0 *
r u e s i a n s t r e g e t t i n g e v e r y mon th v i e a s e n a b l i n g them to
e n t e r t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s i t would a d v i s a b l e t o h av e g e n e r a l
r e g u l t t i o n e on t h i s s u b j e c t , em pow er in g t h e Le l e n a t i o n
1
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in Turkey to grant to the refugees, already in poeeeeeion of
eome funds en additional earn of Ltqe 50 $.h. ( inol. vieae )
and to enroll them into groupe thus obtaining reduction of
fere from Const an tlnople.
Constantinople , Lovember 4, 1922
_J
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IIIC o n f i d e n t i a l .
: ' g:’' NATiONa
9 t h Novembi9 t h November 1922 - R/80
(ÏH N
( H i g h r î “"- '
I n t e r n a t i o n a l l a b o u r O f f io e> -
Ma j or Johnson hag o o n fe r ro d w i th «ir .. S u t l e r and Ur. Greenwood on th e .[ueation o f s e n d in g R u sa ia r Refueoes to th e U.S .A.Mr. Greenwood ex p la in e d the l e g a l d i f f i c u l t i e s a r i s i n g out o f the f a o t t h a t th e R uss ia n Refugees: might come under th e ’’C o n t ra c t Labour" law o r the laxva r e l a t i n g to p u b l i a cha rge a and a s s i s t e d e m ig ra n t s , a s w e l l a s tho t e c h n ic a l d i f f i c u l t y t h a t Bussiem Refugees were l a r g e l y a g r i c u l t u r i s t s whose methods w id e ly d i f f e r ed from th o se employed in th e U.S..A., which would p re v e n t anyone employing them. Ifr* Greenwood thought» however, t h a t som eth ing could be done, w hich would e s t a b l i s h a p r e c e d e n t i n th e ca se o f t h e r e f u g e e s o f V r a n g e l ' s t e c h n i c a l c o rp s i n whom ho hp.d succeeded in g e t t i n g th e American motor i n d u s t r y to t ake c o n s i d e r a b l e i n t e r e s t . Mr. Greenwood had t a l k e d to Mr. Hoover obout t h o s e re fu g e e s and had s e c u re d h i s s u p p o r t v i s - à - v i s t h e ' Im m igra t ion Commission. Mr. Gompers would a l s o h e l p . Lir. Greenwo wood e x p la in e d t h a t , a t the p r e s e n t moment- t h e r e was s t a g n a t i o n i n th e au tom obile i n d u s t r y b u t i t was hoped t h i s would be over by th e s n in g . The a u to m o b i le Chamber o f Commerce cou ld n o tpromise d e f i n i t e i obs f o r t h e s e men b u t ex p e c te d t h a t t h e r e would be r.'v d i f f i c u l t y i n a b s o r b in g them i n tho i n d u s t r y 30 t h a t t h e y shou ld n o t become p u b l i c c h a r g e s . Mr. Greenwood would a r ra n g e t h a t i f t h e s e r e f u g e e s wore b ro u g h t over to the U.S^Ao the Automobile Chamber o f Commatea would see t h a t they were p ro v id e d w i th employment,
' / i t h r e g a r d t o f i n a n c i a l a r ran g e m en ts f o r t r a n s p o r t &c th e s e must bo made h e r o . Dr. Nunson would have to a r ra n g e t h a t the lo an c o v e r in g p assa ge monoy should be r e p a i d out o f wages and tho A utomobile Chamber o f Commerce would s e e t h a t t h i s ar range m en t was c a r r i e d o u t . A l l t h i s would be ve ry c a r e f u l l y checked by t h e U.S,Ae a u t h o r i t i e s . The lo an would have to be made in the name o f an i n d i v id u a l so as to comply w i t h the re q u i re m e n t s o f the U .3,.' . im m igra t ion laws,. To g o t over any d i f f i c u l t i e s w i t h regard to p a s s p o r t s c e r t i f i c a t e s from tho High Commissioner conId bo g r a n t e d .
Mr. Greenwood e x p la in e d t h a t a l l the d e t a i l s should be comp l e t e d b e f o r e th e s p r in g , i . e . , the m a t t e r o f th e l o a n s and the c e r t i f i c a t e s . In o rd o r t h a t he mi?ht bo in a p o s i t i o n to c a r r y th rough tho a r rangem en ts i n the U.S.A. Mr. ' r e enwood su g g es ted t h a t t h e High Commissioner should ?ivo him a g e n e ra l l e t t e r o f a u t h o r i s a t i o n empower i n a: him to a c t a s th e Hi r?h C om missioner 's r e p r e s e n t a t i v e . In a d d i t i o n to t h i s g e n e r a l l e t t e r he would l i k e a l e t t e r o f i n s t r u c t i o n s d e a l in g v / i th the q u e s t io n o f the repayment o f t h e lo an out o f v/agos and c o n t a in i n g a r e a s o n a b le a s su r a n c e t h a t the money vrould bo r e p a i d .
Major Johnson agreed to d r a f t t h e s e two l e t t e r s nnd to l e t Mr, Greenwood have tho d r a f t s f o r ap p ro v a l a t once. Major Johnson though t t h e r e would bo no- d i f f i c u l t y i n r a i s i n , ? t h e monev f o r t r a n s p o r t once tho H i * Commission» r was s a t i s f i e d th a t the
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r / , Ilrofugues v/ero sure of f ind ing employmont in tho U.'5»A.
K j expla in ad th a t tiio '/rangel refugees v/ore being sont in small numbers to Hungary but in tho un l ik e ly event of the demand from tho U. 3 bei ng in excess of tho number of Huasian refugees a v a ila b le fo r t re n a fo r ho did not a n t i c ip a t e any d i f f i c u l t y in making up tho c’i ffe ronoo with Asia Minor refugees .
Tho quota d i f f i c u l t y in tho case of Greeks was mentioned.Mr. Greenwood explained th a t Greeks bom in any p a r t of the old Turkish Empire would bo considered to be Turks a m3 th a t even though the Turkish quota was not exhausted i t was a very small one. The quota was a temporary measure only and a t a l a t e r period the m atter w i l l bo in the hands of a commission with d i sc re t io n a ry powers (8 . November).
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LiAJOR JüHilSOlî
I have read the attached Minute on Russian
7
Refugees with considerable concern. I do not want to seem to throw cold water on any project of this sort, but I think I ought to give you my own judgment, that the chance of anything important eventuating along these lines is very small indeed. I may be entirely wrong, but I should not feel right about it if I did not let you know that I thought you ought not to feel too much encouraged. This proposal is a good one to work with but not to hope too much from.
November 20th, 1922.
I'vUto'tVtA , (Tj {{<.< Ji. I, I, ( tCtft Li t Ht-Vv
I c uv > v A /vviv/VMVl.
kt,
t . H
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23rd November 1»P8.
Uy d e a r O orfe ,
HTbonatlon o f Rnaolana t o U.
T his l a Juo t a n o te to remind yon theuât the
au® rea tlon oada by Child a thftt p o s s i b ly the Hoover ah lpa
mlKht tulce R ussian r e f B » e a t o the United S t a t e a on
t h e i r « t u r n Jon m e y a . I f C h l ld a raonngea to imke
t h l a ar range awn t f o r the r e fu g e e s from C o n a ta n t ln o p la
and yon oro n o t a b l e t o üwke 8 s i m i l a r a r range m en t with
Row H i l l c o n c e r n in g the American Red Créa a food ah lpa
In O reeoa, mlqbt I t no t be p o s s i b l e f o r yon t o aend
the Rnaalana to C o n s ta n t in o p le t o Jo in H oove r 's ah lpa
T h is l a on ly e t e n t a t i v e a n g s e a t l on which n»y n o t
be n r a o t l e a l . I p.m aend In p r copy o f t h l a l e t t e r t o
Child He
lo u r a a lnce r e l y .
Colonel . C. Cor to ,H o te l ;r&ij£o 3vetn g n c.
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4 û /80724/20724i ï It ü V ï ,
1 s t üeoem bor, 1988.
My dear C hi 1 As,
I t h in k I oan o r y s t a l l i s e my v ie w * i n re g a rd to the q u a n tu m ra is e d i n y o u r l e t t e r , H .K .11E , o f t h e 6 th o f November, w i t h re fe re n c e t o th e p o s s i b i l i t y o f e v a c u a t io n s o f R uss ian re fu g e e s t o A m erica , i n a few l i n e s .
t f l r u t l y , I Co not. f o r a moment b e l le v o t h a t the U n ite d S ta te s w i l l a c c e p t th e numbers o f re fu g e e s whi oh the Mémorandum aooompanying y o u r l e t t e r seems t o su g g e s t, end s e c o n d ly , I do n o t t h in k th a t we sh o u ld be a t a l l J u s t i f i e d i n o o n t r lb u t in g as h ig h u sum t.o 62 T u rk is h pounds p e r he ad f o r th e p u rp o se .
P iece# do n o t th in .c th a t I am u n n e c e s s a r i ly th ro w in g o o ld w a te r on th ie s u g g e s t io n , b u t I have i n th e above l iq p s condensed th e r e u l t o f a' /rood d e o l o f n e g o t ia t io n s w i t h v a e p e o ia l r e p r e s e n ta t iv e o f th e I n t e r n a t io n a l Labour O f f in e ,
who has been enden vo u r in g f o r n lo n g t im e t o saoure th e r e la x a t io n o f th e A m erican iTV-nijrat io n r e s t r i c t i o n s i n fa v o u r o f R uss ian re fu g e e s , b u t up t o now w i th o u t any r e s u l t . * b the n e g o t ia t io n s i n q u e s t io n oonoemed a s p o o le l c a te g o ry o f re fu g e e , i . e . , nembors o f .V ra n g e l's Toohniou l C o rps , f o r whom employment was ; w a l la b lo i n th e U n ite d S ta te s a u to m o b ile in d u s t r y , I do n o t t h in k t h a t wo oan re a s o n a b ly e x p e c t b e t te r r e s u l t s i n th e oase o f le s s u s e fu l in d iv id u a ls .
I n any case th e memorandum on th e f i n a n c ia l p o s i t io n o f th e H igh C om m issa ria t w h loh I have se n t you w ith a n o th e r l e t t e r to -d a y , w i l l , I t h in k , be th e b e s t argument th a t ws cannot e n t e r t a in such a h i * c o s t p e r head as th e e v a o la t io n e w h ich you su g g e s t w ould in v o lv e .
W ith k in d re g a rd a .
S .L . C h i ld s , JSsq,• n i la s , ü>sq. ,Pera Hamol Be c h i ,
ru e P e rk in Ko. 11,COHiiVJixIIJOPL.;.
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wÆ,
JA M - 4IoJJk 4- ^
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» ' • * - ' C j
>fh " ï * i y tQ/u A n
*1 * V * • '
11th *,ocmbQr 19<.:;
TeVim ^ e o re tw j u f tiw Union t»f t_n4i,lnv r s ,
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tyv s ;
air.
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In t.-** n*««wiüle» howe*ei% th e se o fïlo ea have no ..sjreliwlun to ,,uy the oust o f tran sp o rt to i=:-t>rl«a*
fears tifcltnfiU,
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Extract from proceedings of Executive Meeting on
Wflrtnaadav- the 13th. December 1922. >The question of the evacuation of Russians to
America was put forward on a statement by Mr. Gragg.
Some 1200 Russians were anxious to proceed to
^ U.S.A. and of them about 400 had already obtained
visas.
The problem was the cost of transport.
Admiral Me Gowan replied that the question was
one into which he had gone With Major Davis and they
had decided to put up the case to the American Shipping
Board with a strong recommendation that oilers returning
empty to U.S.A. might be allowed to take refugee passengers
free. The cost would thus be only food.
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I n r e p l y t o y o u r l e t t e r o f t h e V th i n a t a n t w ith
r e f e r e n c e t o t h e q u e s t i o n o f r r o v l d l n r v i a a a f o r 400
B u 33 i£izi r e f u g e e s i n C o n s t a n t i n o p l e ho ô n ^ i r e to eo te
th o O h l te f l tt- t o a , I hep: to iflifurm you t h a t we brve
r e c e i v e d a o o m n u n i o a t i o n f ro m o u r C o n s t a n t i n o p l e
o f f i c e to th e e f f e c t t h a t 4 0 0 v l a n a h a v e a l r e a d y be°n
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p r o b a b l y r e f e r t o t h e 4 0 0 r e f u g e e i n whom yon a re
i n t e r e a t e d .
The ( iQ eii ti on o f t h e -payment o f t h e c o a t o f
t r a n s p o r t f o r t h e a e r e f u g e e s , h o w e v e r , h a a n o t y e t
b e e n s o l v e d , a l t h o u g h o ti r C o n s t a n t i n o p l e o f f i c e l a
e n d e a v o u r i n g t o come t o some a r r a n g e m e n t w i t h th e
Amer I c o n S h i p p i n g Boa rd i n o r d e r t h a t t h e re fu g e o a
may t r a v e l t o A m e r i c a on o l l e r a r e t u r n i n g t o the
U n i t e d s t a t e s e m p ty . T h e r e w i l l t h e n o n l y be the
q u e s t i o n o f fo od w h ic h I d o n o t t h i n k w i l l p r e s e n t
v e r y g r e u t d i f f i c u l t i e s .
Y o u r s a i n c e r e l y ,
M o n a le u r 00ULK3VITCH,H o t e l M i r a b e a u ,
LAUSANNE.-
J a n u a r y 19P3
L
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ru I h 0 H A j, y ,11 u
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B y t h e 7 t h . o f Peb r u a r y l S P . S ^ - t l f e n u m b e r o f U . f . v i s a s i n c i r c u i t t i o n a m o ng t h e R u s r i e n R e f u g e « f i n C o n r t r r t i n o p l ® ®x “ t e n d e d t o 8S C .
T h e e / e " 7 H K K I F Î ' CLf e n d " B B S O A " s r i l r » w i t h eoroe SHC F u s e l a n r e f a p e f B o n bo c r d en d t h u r t h e a c t B o l n u m b e r o f v l e a e o n h e n d i n C o n s t on t i n o p l e , i e e b o u t 3 0 0 .
T h e R n s E i e n q u o t e n o w b e i n g c o m p l e t e l y f i l l e d , t h e me J o r i t y o f t h e e e 3 0 0 p e e e e n g e r E « i l l be a b l e t o e n t e r t h e U . - ' . ' o n l y a f t e r t h e l r t . o f J u l y , w h e n t h e n e w q u o t e w i l l o p e n .
t p r e s e n t e p e c l e l i e t e o n l y e r e a d m i t t e d o v e r e n d n b o v e t h e q u o t e , b u t t h i s p r o v i c i o n d o e e n o t e x t e n d t o t h e i r f a m i l i e s en d t h e a p p l i c a n t s h e r e t o ee t i e f y t h e t m i g r a t i o n u t h o r l t i ee l r . l e w Y o rk , i n e a c h i n d i v i d u e l c a s e ne t o t h e i r p r o f e c e i o n a l q u e l i f i c a t i o n s . c p e c i a l i s t s i n c l u d e ee p e r a n n e x e d c o p y o f U . S . * . V i c e C o n e u l ' e l e t t e r .
T h e e e r e g u l a t i o n s p r a c t i c t l l y r o u e s t h e n u m b e r o f p e r e o n e a b l e t o l e v e i m m e d i a t e l y , t o 100 o r u i d e r . ' 1 1 o t h e r s e r e o b l i g e d t o a w a i t t h e f t e a m e r e r e a c h i n g l ie w / o r K . o y a n * a f t e r J u l y l e t .
e r , u m i n g t h a t t h e C o n g r e e e w i l l v o t e f o r t h e c u r r e n tye e ^r l t t f c . ' - ? . 4 , t h e 37 q u o t e esc. e ee p r e v i o e u y e ; r * e , a n d c o n s i d e r ing tbit t h e m o n t h l y m a x i m u m a d m i t t e d à o e e n o t e x c e e d 1/8 o f t h e y e a r l y quote, i t IB o b v i o u s the t d u r i n ? t h e f i r e t levs m o n t h s e f t i i r J a l y l e t . i . e . a f t e r t h e o p e n i n g o f t h e n e » q u o t a , a c o n r i t i e r e b l e n u m b e r o f p e o p l e r b o u t 7 0 , 0 0 0 p e r m o n t h can be a d m i t t e d t o t h e Uni t e d t e t e e , o u t i f which n u m b e r som e 5 0 , 0 0 0 e m i g r a n t s " i l l p r a c t i c a l l y pee k a d m i r e ! on d u r i n g t h e f i r s t month t o the U n i t e d States.
•’ e f a r a t t h e C o n e t a n t i n o p l e s e c t i o n i r t o n t o r n o d ,( B u l g a r i a , G r e e c e , Y o u g o s l a v i e . , i o u n a n i a , • o u t h u i e i e , r m e n i a , : m y r n a t i i e t r i c t e n d T u r k e y ) * , 0 0 0 men a r e t h e m o n t h l y l i m i t ( s e e a n n e x e d l i e t ) e n d e l l t h a n e e m i g r a n t s w i l l c e r t a i n l y be a n x i o u s t o l e a v e o - i n g t o t h e e x i s t i n g p o l i t i c a l s i t u a t i o n i n t h e l i e ' r ' ■ B t , S p e c i a l l y l a r g e m a y be t h e a r r i v a l » o f é m i g r a n t e ( p r i n c i p a l l y «1e w e ) f r o m t h e i o u t h o f B a s e l a .
A l l t h e q u o t a s b e i n g n o s f i l l e d , t h e i n t e n d e d e m i g r a n t e f o r t h e n e w q u o t a w i l l b e f l o c k i n g t o f o n e t en t i n o p l e e n d o t h e r
p r i n c i p a l p o r t e i n t h e c o u r s e o f . a r c ^ , A p r i l , a y e n d » ur.e ( w i t h t h i e o b j e c t i n v i e w , t h e l a r g e t e ; m e h i p < o t t p a n i e s a r e e e t e o l i e h i n g f p e c i a l h o t e l s ) e n d w i l l c e r t a i n l y do t h e i r b e s t t o l e < ve b y t h e f i r m b o a t d u e t o a r r i v e t o l ie w ï o r k a l t e r i a l v l r t .
t h e t r a n s p o r t o e p e c i t l e b o f t o n e t a n t i n o p l e c o n a i e t o f m o n t h l y t » o b o a t s . On e b e l o n g i n g t o t h e " F a o r e L i n e " e n d t h e o t h e r t o " B y r o n L i n e " s a i l i n g t o t h e U . . . . u c h uo;. t e t r a n s p o r t a o o u t i- , 5 0 0 p e o p l e i n e l l c l b l ee e a l t o g e t h e r .
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r • " i>'b i t l e f r o m « v e r y point o f ▼ ! * * , v e r y d e s i r a b l e
t o e n c o u r a g e R e s s l n n e m i g r a t i o n to t h e U . 3 $ * , , w h e r e t h e Baeelan r e f u g e e s csn f i n a l l y s o t t i e , l t l e n e o o r s a r y t o i n s u r e f o r a t l o a r t 1 , 0 0 0 K u n l n r n t h e r o e e l b l l i 1 jr o f l o ' v l n g w i t h t h e f l r e t b o a t s , I n c l u d i n g t h e Ü0<) who e r e e l r e a d y I n p o s e e n e i o n o f v l e e e .
S u p p o s i n g t h l e e v a c u a t i o n t o b e d o n e o n t h e f o r m e r b a e i e o f p a r t p a y m e n t o f the t r a n p p o r t f * r e b y t h e r e f u g e e s , we ma y e s t i m a t e t h a t e ome 4 0 * w i l l b e a b l e t o p a y h a l f f e r e ® a ç d t h e r e m a i n i n g 60?, q u a r t e r f % r e s . I h U F t h e R E : l Pt ln g O r g a n i s a t i o n o u s t b e p r e p a r e d t o s p e n d o n t h i s f i r s t g r o u p ; a eura o f L t q s . 3 3 , 6 0 0 a t t h e r o t e o f 9 0 L t q e . p e r t l o l c e t .
4 0 0 X 9 0 a 1 / E - 1 8 , 0 0 0 L t q s .6 0 0 X 9 0 X 3 /4 T 4 0 , 0 0 0 "
T o t a l S 6 , 3 0 n L t q e .
A s m a n y O r g a n i s a t i o n s , a m o n g s t o t h e r s l . C . t e , e r e a l r e a d y s e c u r i n g p a s s a g e s f o r t h e i r e m i g r a n t s , i t I p n e c e s s a r y t o e n t e r i n t o i m m e d i a t e n e g o t i a t i o n w i t h t h e S t e a m s h i p Compa»*e< n i e s w i t h a v i e w t o r e s e r v i n g f o r t . h e L e a g u e o f D a t i o n s , e o o r t l e n n u m b e r o f b e r t h s w h i c h w i l l n e c e a e i t a t e a c e r t a i n i m m e d i a t e o u t l a y .
T a l c i n g i n t o c o n s i d e r a t l o n t h a t t h e ' . R . • . h r * i n v i e w t o s p e n d o n t h e R u R B l f n e v c c u e t i o n t o t h e U . K . 11. , a eum o f a b o u t ? 5 , 0 0 0 L o l i a r s , 1 , f . V / , 5 0 0 L t q e . , t h e r h e r e o f t h e L e t g u e o f l i e t i o n E w a n e x t e n d t o a b o u t " 0 , 0 0 0 L t q * . f o r t h e a o o v e m e n t i o n e d 1 , 0 0 0 p e o p l e o r 2 0 L t q s . p e r h e a d .
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b, in odd i t ion t o the r>cirt3 of d i f f i c u l t y whioh
havo dy "boon romovod - end i t i sj e v id e n t from th e c o r r e s
pondence t h a t -thoro have "boon some -, i t w i l l bo p o s s ib l e for
th e two p a r t i e s to reach a s o l u t i o n of o th e r s by d i r o o t
n e g o t i a t i o n s , a s o l u t i o n which w i l l guurantoo to the Saor
i n h a b i t a n t s tho r ig h t s to which they uro o n t i t l o d by tho T r ea ty ,
I bog t o propose tho f o l l o w i n g r e s o l u t i o n :
RESOLUTION.
1 . The Counci l of th x League of Habitons no te s tho comrr.unic'itioris of March 6 th 1*923 and “ p r i l 7 th 1983 from th e Chairman of the Saa r 3, 'isin Governing Commission --nd of L 'i rch 2Cth 1923 from tho Terman Government co n ce rn in g commercial r e l a t i o n s botwo on tho S a a r T o r r i t o r ; v-nd Germany. I t i s hoped th t i t tho d i r e c t n e g o t i a t i o n s which are now going on with r e f e r ence to t h i s o uos t iop may 1-JLd t o a s o l u t i o n of thu o u t s ta n d in g d i f f i c u l t i e s
2 , Tho S e c r e t a r y - G e n e r a l is reques ted to t r a n s m i t j copy of jkhis r e s o l u t i o n t o tho Saer B as in 'ïoverning Comjnissioni and to tho German Government.
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Department of STATE,
In reply refer to I WASHINGTON.3B __________ 1
January 20th 1923.
yMy dear «Ir. Ughet, [
Your letter of December 23rd 19°2, concerning the situation of certain Russian refugees in Constantinople and the possibility of their transportation to this country, was duly received. A copy was furnished to the American Red Cross.
The Department has now received a letter from Colonel 53.P. Bicknell, Acting Director of Foreign Operations of the Red Cross, dated January 12th 1923, setting forth the views of the Red Cdss on this matter. Colonel Biclmell points to the United states and their subsistence en route could be arranged there would still remain unsettled.the question of moral and financial responsibility for the trsnsportation, maintenance, health and employment of these refugees after landing on American soil. "This constitutes," he writes,"a very serious and burdensome responsibility and one which the American Red Cross Relief Administration also finds it impracticable to accept this burden. "
"ialay I venture to suggest, " Colonel Bicknell continues, "that if some competent and reliable committee of association v/ould assume primary responsibility for the acceptance and care these refugees, it is conceivable that financial contributions towards support of that organisation might be obtained from private and organised sources. While in any way to such an effort, I may say that the Red Cross would give sympathetic consideration to the subject of a reasonable contribution.
"We are of the impression that the Financial Attaché to the Russian Embassy, New York, or the interests which he represents, holds a sum of money which misrht be applied to the project under discussion. This impression may be erroneous and in any case we have no information as t o the amount of money available. If the groun associated with the Russian Embassy were able to establish and direct a responsible organisation prepared to take full charge of the maintenance and care of the Russian refugees and to assume a substantial part of the cost, other agencies might perhaps provide additional financial support. It is to be pointed o ut, however, that the moral responsibility involved in this proposal is no less important than the financial responsibility. A percentage of the immigrant group will inevitably be composed of ineffectives unable to become self- supporting in a strange country. Some will become disabled through illness. It therefore beco;nes necessary to contemplate the certainty that some of these refugees will become a permanent charge upon chnrity and any organisation which accepts responsibility for the transplanting of these people must make provisions against the permanent incapacity of a considerable number of persons."
I repeat the foregoing to you, with Colonel Bicknell permission, in order that you may be apprised fully of the situation. Should you or any of your cornpa triots'desire to
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in thé matter, I would suggest that you communicate directly with Colonel Bicknell. You may also care to consult directly with the American Relief Administration.
With regard to visas inform you that, although the
Russian immigration quota now shows a balance of about c ,000 immigrants Jet to enter, it is possible, in view of the large number of applications which have recently been reported, that the greater part of this balance is already taken up, In order that precise information may be had, telegraphic inquiry is being made among the American consulates concerned and I will inform you later as to just what the situation turns out to be. You of course understand that immigration matters are under the jurisdiction of the Department of Labour and that the granting of a visa to an alien does not guarantee his entrance into the United States should he be found inadmissible under immigration regulations.
I remain, my dear -<ir. Ughet,
Very sincerely yours,
(S g d ) B.C. Poole.
Chief Division of Eastern European Affairs.
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December 23rd 1922.
My dear Ur, Poole, V
I have recently received several appeals from Constantinople soliciting the attention of the United States Government to the extremely difficult and even dangerous situation of Russian refugees in Constantinople, in connection
w ith the latest political events in the Near East. The new Turkish authorities are insisting that these refugees leave the City as they refuse to take care of them. On the other hand, in case the Russian refugees will not be able to leave Constantinople, some of them are in danger of being extradited to the Bolsheviks. All efforts of the Russian organisations to obtain for the Russian refugees in Constantinople diplomatic protection from some of the Powers so far have not been successful. At the same time Russiens are handicapped in obtaining visas for European countries or the United States.
Through inquiries mad e , it was ascertained that about 2,000 of these refugees desire to come to this country.I am fully aware of all the difficulties which are connected with this matter, insofar as your visa regulations and immigration rules are concerned. Bu t , yielding to the urgent appeals of my countrymen, and taking into consideration their extremely pitiful condition, I take the liberty of transmitting these appeals to you with an earnest request to do everything possible to alleviate the plight of these refugees, and particularly in authorising your representatives over there to be more lenient in granting visas to the refugees desiring to come to this country. No doubt the Department of State has been fully informed of the general situation in Constantinople by the American representatives in that city who can also verify all the facts concerning the conditions’ of the Russian refugees.
Thanking you in advance for your kindness,
I remain,My dear Mr. Poole,
Yery sincerely yours,
(Signed) S. UGHET.
RUSSIAN FINANCIAL ATTACHE.
Hon.D.C. Poole, Chief,
Division of Eastern European Affairs, Department of State,
Washington, D.C.
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Februo
J'
a> ;My dear Butler, '
I have youn letter with regard to the Russian
refugees at Constantinople and will take this matter up
immediately with the shipping board.
I enclose a draft of the sort of letter which I think
I should have. You will note that this letter appoints
me as special commissioner representing the High Commission
but practically does nothing else. It is simply a clear
indication of the fact that I am speaking for the High
Commissioner, but you will note that I have carefully
limited my authority so that I can not bin» him to any
policy without his specific approval. I have also been
at some pains to definitely withhold authority with regard
to financial obligations. This is due to the fact that
we discussed the question of advancing transportàtlon
and negotiating with possible employers here for with
holding a certain percentage of the paypf the refugee in
order to re-pay this transportation to anyone who may
advance it. As you know, if the transportation of the
immigrant is paid by other -, it must be done in the form
of a loan.
As you know, I have done considerable work with the
National Automobile Chamber of Commerce and only
to-day had a talk with the .Vashington representative. The
situation in the automobile industry seems to me to be
clearing up and e both hope that within a short time
we can again take this matter up with some decided
prospects of success.
I wish you would say to Dr. Nansen for me that I am not
neglecting this matter and that if I do not succeed in
making a contribution towards his work it will not befrom lack of effort. ( i :
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1 6. I-IV. 9 2 3
Mr. Ernest Greenwood, 618- 17th Street. N.W. Washington, D.O.
Tlÿ-s ia to certify that you have been appointed Special
Qoimjrisnloner for the United States, representing the High commission
f»r Russian Refugees.
toy negotiations which you may undertake, either with officials
of the United states Government, or with private individuals, asso
ciations or corporations, for the purpose of relieving the distress,
or the transporting to the United States, or the finding of employ -
ment in the United states for Russian refugees, or any so-called
refugees which may come within the jurisdiction of the High Com
missioner, must he submitted to him for approval before they can
be considetied as completed.
This appointment does not authorize you to bind either the High for the High Commissioner/'
Commlsslônër7forKu3sian HelleTto any financial obligation of any
kind without special and separate authority being given in writing
by the High Commissioner.
( Signed )______________________
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GcL-kbm
Confidential* loth Fo oruary 1923.R/I08,
LEAGUE OP M I O N S ,(High Commissarlet for Refugees)
INTERRITIOMAL LABOUR OFFICE.
L I A I 3 0 H R E P O R T .
Repatriation. ;; report from Lr. Gorvin (30 Jan. ) states thet 10 delegates from c-mong the Kouban Cossacks who '"ere to have returned to Bulgaria to report, have not yet left as they are not assured of return visas > Three Cossacks h. ve returned to Varna to reporte Mr, Gorvin has heard that there ere 500 officers in Bulgaria waiting to proceed to Russia end he asks for a list of theseo Hr. Karakhan has complained that there is unnecessary deley in repatriation nd has rskod for prompt measures to be tr.ken as the emigrants will be useful for Spring work on thelc'nd,
732 Cossack refugees, including women end children, arrived at Novorossiisk on the Ifflth January,
The refugees on landing r.re put into camps and examined as to their political views, e proceeding which entrils some delay.The camp accomodrtion appears to be satisfactory but the r.tions are insufficienta The physical condition of the refugees is good and for this reason they are considered suitable for reconstruction and field works It is not thought that the refugees are suitable material for the Red Army,
21 Refugees arrived at Novorossiisk from Constantinople on the 17th January.,
United States» Mr. Greenwood h_s sent a draft of the letter which he thinks he should have t . enable him to negotiate with the U lited States authorities a Mr 0 Grcf.nwood has seen tho representative of the National Automobi].e Chamber of Commerce who hopes that within a short time the mctter can be taken up with some decided prospects of success (I Feb).
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>I
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,
C o n s t a n t i n o p l e , F e b r u a r y 2 7 t h . 1 9 2 3 . -
Mri S. Law ford C h i l d s ,Deputy A e e l é t a n t Comifclsüio n e r f o r R ef u g ee » ,
League o f t i a t l o n e .Const i n t l n o p l e .
t i i r ,
I n rf£ll y o u r l e t t e r o f F e b r u a r y 1 6 t h . 19 2 3 , I ha ve to i n f o r m you t h a t t h e q u o t a f o r R u s s i a n s le cow e x h e u s t e d , an d t h a t R ub aea ue n t to t h e f i l l i n g o f t h e q u o t a no more w i l l be a d m i t t e d to tn e u n i t e d s t a t e s ev en t h o ug h th e y may have t h e i r v i s a s . Howev p e r r o n s whose c r e d e n t i a l » end e p o o i a l q u a l i f i c a t i o n s o r e p r o o f o f
an m i n » ait f h 4 >< t i m « v n - P » q n < » .1 -, . .- -- — " ■ ' • " •! UW 4 . J . * V a Jku U B 0 1 « U X U u 1 e It h e i r coming w i t h i n t h e p r o f e s s i o n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n may be g ran t® v i e a s , b u t th e ex cep t io n o f an a l i e n un de r t h i s p r o v i e i o n do e» no e x t e n d to h i # w i f e and c h i l d r e n . . The c l a s u i f i c a t io n r e f e r r e d to m o i udee \
Lawye re ,j -hyByolene ,C h em is t s ,C i v i l K n g l n e e r e ,Jr r o f e s s o r e ,* r t i e t s ,S i n g e r a .t iu r se e ( g r e d u n t e )M i n i s t e r e .
a l s o p e r h o n e employed a» d o m e s t i c eervc n t e t r a v e l l i n g w i t h t h e i r e m p lo y e rs .
t i i r .Very r e s p e c t f u l l y ï o u r e ,
F o r 0 / B l e h a v n d a l .
( S ig ne d ) t idwln / . l i i t t Amer ican VI ee C o ns u l .
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rTÉLÉPHONE : M T. B L A N C 6 2 0 0 .
s o c i é T l. d e s n a t i o n s .
L E A G U E O F N A T IO N S .
L i f j 'U r j T s ÿ . I
Pieuse quote Ref. N” In reply Dans la réponse pr iè re de rappele r
*R eoe/5/D/6i>
I . TÉLÉenAPHiQUB , INTEH4AB QENÈVE-SUISSE
B U R E A U I N T E R N A T I O N A L D U T R A V A IL
IN T E R N A T I O N A L L A B O U B O F F IC E
•r A Y ]T l3
p . i f G E N È V E
Dear Maje 'ohrison,
Dickinson being on leave I send you,
for your information, a copy of a personal
letter received by the Deputy Director from
our Washington Correspondent.
Yours sincerely,
Major Johnson,Russian High Commissariat, League of Nations,GENEVA.
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at greenwood,, seventeenth Street, "ashlngton,D.O,
Washington, May 3, 1923»
Mr. H.B. Butler, Deputy Director, INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE, Geneva, Switzerland.
My dear put1er,
I note the copy of the letter from the American Vice Consul at Constantinople states that the provisions for members of learned professions do not extend to the families of such persons. There has been a movement on 100 to revise this provision so that it will extend to families. It is hoped here that this can be accomplished.
please warn the High Commissariat again with regard
to the care which must be taken concerning the payment of the transportation costs for immigrants. I do not believe even our own organisations understand this very thoroughly. You may be assured, however, that the opposition to any kind of immigration does; and as you know, organized labour in this country has adopted a policy of opposing all sorts of immigration. This Exclusion Clause can be made quite as effective as any other, and is apt to cause great difficulties.
In any event, however, you may call upon me for any sort of assistance in this matter which you may care to, for I am deeply interested.
Cordially yours,
ERNEST GREENWOOD.
Director,Washington Office.
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Oenevc, May 30th 1923.
Dear Mr. Burge,
In the absence of Major Johnson, I kre to
noknov/ledge your lotter of the loth May, enoloolng a
oopy of a lotter received by the Deputy Director from
your Washington Oorrespondent, whloh, I know, will be
read by Major Johnson on hlu return with very great
Interest.
Yours elnoerely,
For Assist nt High Como:asioner for Refugees.
M.R.K. liurge, 15Bq.,tntemation.11 ! jab our Office,
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B x t r a o t o f a l e t t e r f r o m Mr L a w f o r S C h t l f t s , D e p u t y ^ l s * ^ C o m m i s s i o n e r f o r Re f u s e o g , l e a p i e o f n a t i o n s C o n s t a r r t i n o ^
t o M a j o r J o h n s o n . * ~ ' L%'
ACTION COPY
P e r a . Ha m a l B a o h l , t o e S e r k l a , Ho 11
3 1 s t M a y , 1 9 2 3 . -
) V\'e s h a l l be s e n s i n g t h e f l ï s t c o n v o y t o A m e r i c a v e r y s o o n .
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OBNrWA ,Z£ J a n e 19?3
rMy d e a r C h i ld a .
I n one o f y o u r r e o e n t l o t t e r a on a n o t h e r s u b j e c t you
m e n t io n e d t h n t t h e f i r s t co n v o y o f R u s s i a n r e f u g e e s wou ld
s h o r t l y l e a v e f o r t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s . I am v e r y p i a d t o
r e c e i v e t h i ;• new s , and s h o u l d v e r y much l i k e t o h a v e f u r t h e r
d e t a i l s a t y : u r e a r l y c o r v e n l n a o e i n d i c a t i n g how many r e f u f r e e s
you e x p e c t t o be a b l e t o send t o t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s , and e x a c t l y
w h n t a r r a n g e ments u r e b e i n g made f o r t h e p a y m e n t o f v i s a : nd
t r a n s p o r t e x p e n s e s .
A t t h e same ti . . i e w o u ld you be s o good a s t o t e l l me how
many d e s t i t u t e r e f u g e e s you e s t i m a t e t h e r o s t i l l a r e i n
C o n s t a n t i n o p l e , and how many r e f u g e e s , d e s t i t u t e and s e l f - s u p -
p o r t i n g , d e s i r e t o g e t t o t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s . I a s k f o r t h i s
i n f o r m a t i o n i n v i e w o f c o n v e r s a t i o n s I h a v e r e c e n t l y h a d w i t h
a v e r y p r o m i n e n t member o f t h e R u s s i a n R e f u g e e R e l i e f Com m it tee
i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s , f ro m whom I g a t h e r t h n t v e r y / s u b s t a n t i a l
g r a n t w i l l bo made a v a i l a b l e f r o m t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s f o r t h e
p a y m e n t o f t r a n s p o r t e x p e n s e s and a s s i s t a n c e o f t h e r e f u g e e s
s e n t fr o m C o n s t a n t i n o p l e . I s e e f r o m a -iemorandum w'nioh you
s e n t t o u s a b o u t t h e end o f F e b r u a r y t h a t you e s t i m a t e d t h a t
t h e r e w o re 6 , 0 0 0 men p e r month who h a d r a k e d t o be e v a c u a t e d
f r o m t h 2 C o n s t a n t i n o p l e a r e a t o t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s . I n t h l a
memorandum you I n c l u d e i n t h e C o n s t a n t i n o p l e a r e a B u l g a r i a ,
G r e e c e , ï u g o - S l a v l a , S o u t h R u s s i a , A rm e n ia and T u r k e y , A l t h o u g h
t h l a c o v e r s r a t h e r a w id e f i e l d , r e you s a t i s f i e d t h a t t h e num
b e r you n e n t l o n l a n o t p e r h a p s so mewhat e x a g g e r a t e d ? On th e
o t h e r h a n d , I g a t h e r f r o m my A m e r i c a n I n f o r m a n t t h a t h i a Com
m i t t e e wou ld o n l y be b l e t o c o n t r i b u t e t o w a r d s t h e e x p e n s e s o f
r e f u g e e a f ro m C o n s t a n t i n o p l e p r o p e r , a s f u n a a a r e b e i n g o b t a i n e d
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in America specifically for the evacuation of Constantinople.
In .« k i n g the a o l e o t i o n o f r e f u g e e s f o r e v a c u a t i o n t o
th e U n i t e d S t a t e s I wonder whethr-r yon mig ht t h i n k i t d e s i r t i t i e
t o r i v e p r e f e r e n c e t o t h o s e who ho ve no 'ncllnntlnn w h a te v e r
t o r e t u r n t o R u s s i a , aa i t would seem t o bo r a t h e r w a s t e o f
fund s and e f f o r t s t o a r r a n g e f o r t h o e v a c u a t i o n o f r e f u g e e s
fro m C o n s t a n t i n o p l e who might f e e l i n c l i n e d i n th e n ea r
f u t u r e t o r e t u r n t o R u s s i a i f t h e y are s a t i s f i e d t h a t s u f f i c i e n t
a t o p 3 cou ld be t a k e n f o r t h e i r p r o t e c t i o n a f t e r t h e i r a r r i v a l .
I make t h i s s u g g e s t i o n b e c n n a e I ha v e v e r y rood r e a s o n to
b e l i e v e t h a t f a r g r e a t e r funds wo uld be made e v - . i l a b l e from th e
U n i t e d S t a t e s f o r r e c o n s t r u c t i v e w ork i n R u s s i a , i n c l u d i n g
r e p a t r i a t i o n , th a n f o r th e e v a c u a t i o n o f th e r e f u g e e s t o any
o t h e r c o u n t r y .
I t i s n o t , o f c o u r s e , f o r u s t o i n d i c a t e i n any way
w ha t t h e r e f u g e e s ' c h o i c e i n th e m a t t e r sh ou ld b e , b ut t h e i r
a t t i t u d e tow ard s r e p a t r i a t i o n s h o u l d , I t h i n k , be taken c a r e
f u l l y i n t o a c c o u n t .
W i l l you v e r y k i n d l y l e t me h a v e yo u r v i e w s on t h e s e
s u g g e s t i o n s a t yo u r e a r l y c o n v e n ie n c e ?
With kihd r e g a r d s .
You rs s i n c e r e l y ,
'JiffC a p t . 3 . Lawton C h i l d s ,1 1 , Rue S e r l c i s ,P é r a , CONSTANTINOPLE
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LEAGUE OF NATIONS
H lv r i COMMISSION FOR REFUGEES
, ' s d c i Ê T É DES NATIONS
HAUT COMMISSARIAT POUR LES R É FU G IÉ S^
CON STAN TINOPLE OFFICE
Télégrammes: NATIONS, Constantinople.
Telephone: Bef? 3481.
Code - Berrf
k - *
LEAGU.7L O F N A T I O N S b u r e a u d e C o n s t a n t i n o p l e
H I G H C 0 M I C C Ï 0 I I F O n H l T U G E E SC O N S T A N T I N O P L E
M A-K I Pera, Hamal Bachi, Rue Serkis, N" 11.
A
\ S f'S'Dear Johnson,
I A C T I O h i
j C O P Y j
18th June 1923.-
Your recent undated letter asking for particulars about the American
The following details nmy perhaps be of Interest In addition to those sent recently in my progress report.
It is hoped to send 1200 in all. in this evacuation we collaborate with the Bristol Disaster Belief Qomnittee which represents the American Belief Administration and the American tied Cross. Candidates fill up the form (annex 1), are scrutinized by the American and by myself or my representatives and, if accepted, are despatched.
The charges in connection with evacuation to America are as followsj-
#60 per capita.
$10 per visa (not per capita in the case of faillies).
The fare, including food
Examination by American Immigration Doctor
Disinfection by American Hospital
Charge for bagage, porterage, etc.,
Ltqs. 2.50 " 2.50
The average deposit made by the refugee comes to Ltqs. 20mr>er head in addition to which all visas are paid for ly the refugees themselves. *
League pays Lstg. 3- 0- 0 per head for each refugee evacuated, the American tied Cross and American Belief Administration and the refugees make up the rest. Beductioae in fares for minors are allowed.
; After the despatch of each convoy an audit is made of its expenses.! an<* League contributions are inspected and it has been foundI that the three contributions are practically equal. jvor this purpose I have
b e e n ^ H t ^ Latti> 3,600 out of whl°h Lstg. 919- 0- 0 rou^ily has~SïïeStiy
Beception is arranged by the Bussian tiefugee Belief Society of America Annex 2 is ^‘pledge by the refugee for repayment of suas advanced. Any sums * thus returned are to be held by the tiussian tiefugee itelief tiooiety of America in trust for disposal as the result of an agreement between ourselves the A.B.A. and the A.B.C. I was consulted and am partially responsible with regard to the forms concerned.
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This report should read together with the apposite paragraph in my reoent pro- gress report.
With reference to further queries in your letter I do not think that the figure of 6,000 that I recently gave you is exaggerated as regards the numbers who wish to go to America from what I then described perhaps rather loosely as the '«Constantinople area», in view, however, of the lack of funds and the American Imnigration laws, I do not think that it is practical to contemplate anything like this number, in fact, I think that what is being done now is really the most that can be done, unless independent evacuation can be organised from the Bulgarian and ïougo-Slav offices.
With reference to your remarks about giving preference to those who have no inclination whatever to return to Russia, this would be very difficult, - firstly because opinions change with the changing situation in Russia, and secondly my [fiiperience in ïougo-ylavia taught me that a very large number of inanigrants who go to America, return afterwards when they have saved a little money, to the country in which they formerly lived. Majiy of the types we are sending to America will obtain money, work, and experience there which will be a great service to them when the time comes for them to go back to Russia. They should, in fact, be a great reconstructing and civilizing influence.
I do not think that the type of refugee we are sending to America is one that would, return to itussiaïi imnediately. in any case the amount of their individual contribution is quite enough to get them to Russia by then» selves if they wished to go.
I hope this answers all your queries.
With kind regards,
yours sincerely,
T« P. Johnson Esq.League of Nations,
Geneva. LEAGUH OF NATIONS CONSTANTINOPLE
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Bristol D isas te r Relief C om m ittee for R ussian RefugeesCONSTANTINOPLE.
A p p l ic a t io n N o
P a s s p o r t N o
: C la ss : C la ss S e r i a l N o • D a te a p p l ic a t io n
E 'G 1 > " : Hil
2. BIRTHPLACE
4. Dale arrival in Constantinople
5. List here children under 16 years r
1) Name Sex
2) »
3) >
4) -■
6 List here all olhere r
LJ:_:(Pallier» name)
: Single, Married, Widower, Widow
/ living in Constantinople who w ill accompany applicant:
Age Birthplace (counlryonly)
i living in Constantinople who w ill accompany applicant:
Age Relation
en female children
university technical
7. Number who w ill accompany applicant: Women
children . Total family including applici
8. EDUCATION: primary gymnasium
wise state here
9. LANGUAGES: speaks
writes
10. OCCUPATION of applicant in: 1911
11. OCCUPATION during Great War
12 LAST OCCUPATION In Constantinople from
Wages received : Name and address of employer
Money saved
13. WORK preferred in America
14. NAMES AND ADDRESSES OP RELATIVES OR FRItNDS IN AMERICA:
Relation.
Relation
Relation
1ft Has applicant now a visa for America for any other country if so state:
if other
S ig n a tu r e o f a p p l ic a n t S ig n a tu r e o f re c o rd e r
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Exam iners Questionnaire.
C a re fu l luy r e a d th e a p p l i c a n t s p e r so n a l h i s t o r y on th e r eve rse .
I. Physical appearance; Satisfactory
If unsatisfactory give nature of disability
unsatisfactory
2 Education:fair—primary
good gymnasium
excellent— university or technical
3. Dependents: Do numbers indicate a handicap in earning a living?
Distinguish between minors soon to become self-supporting and adult dependents.
4. Has any member other than the head of family earning ability ? Stale character of employment
possible what language does tills member speak?
5. Occupation: What work is applicant best fitted for? In answering this question consider first physical
ability to pursue a particular class of employment, second mental ability or skill; third chances of se
curing and holding the pariicular work contemplated; forth number of persons dependent upon
applicant for support. List class of work in order of fitness.
6, Money: How much will applicant have on arrival?
7. Remarks:
8 Recommendation: In view of all factors do you unqualifiedly recommend applicant as Ihc type of alien
America should admit? Check
Yes Suspend Reject
BEST FITTED FOR: R E M A R K S :
N a m e o f e x a m i n e r:
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A N N E X 2.
D is a s te r R e l ie f C om m ittee fo r R u s s ia n R e fugeesCONSTANTINOPLE.
Voucher No.
0 0 ' A pplica tion
I................. JSsàSèS.p ledge m y word o f honor tha t m y deposit fee represen ts a ll tha t I am able
to contribute a t this tim e tow ard the cost o f m y evacua tion or tha t o f my
fam ily and I agree tha t in consideration o f the p a ym en t o f the balance
n ecessa ry in m y b e h a lf I w ill p a y to the order o f R uss ian R e fu g ee R e lie f
S o c ie ty o f A m er ic a Inc., 3 5 0 W es t 87th S tre e t N ew York City the sum
o f S (..........................................................................................dollars) represen ting the
sum expended over and above the am ount o f m y deposit fe e by the D i
sa ste r R e l ie f C om m ittee for R ussian R e fu g ee s in C onstan tinop le in my
b eh a lf or tha t o f m y fam ily; tha t I will do all in m y pow er to pay the above
sum in partia l paym en ts from tim e to tim e and com ple te the w hole p a y
m en t oe or before J u ly I, 192k with the unders tand ing that the m oney so
returned by m e will be used as a revo lving fund for the further relief o f
m y fellow R u ss ia n re fugees particu larly the invalids and those who h a ve
had no opportunity to becom e self-supporting.
.NOTE: P lease keep the Russian R efugee Relief Soc ie ty 350 W est 87Hi S tree t N ew York City inform ed of y o u r ad d re ss and of a n y c h a n g e s . In all c o re spondence g ive y o u r voucher an d application n u m b e r a s g iven at the top of th is sheet.
n e p e B O f l ' b c i » A m - J i i M O K a r o :
51, HHwenofl riMcaBwiM Csi , c h m b o ô s i s y i o c b necTH biM ’b c / i o b o m t i , h t o B n e c e H H a s
m h o h cyMMa r ip e f lC T aB / is ie rb Bee h t o n M o r y b h b c t h bt> H a c r o s n n e e BpeMsi B t y n j i a r y a a moR
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Telephone-Pera 2915, Cablegrams-A MCROSS Mall-csre of American Embassy.
EXECUTIVE CON
Rear-Adntirnl Mark L. Bril Mrs. Mark L Bristol Mrs. Foster Stearns.Miss. Anna Mitchell.MUs Alma Ruggles.Miss Beatrice Hodge.Thomas Whittemore.Ernest Heddon.Lt.-Commdr. H. G. Sandlin.C. Ciaflln Davis.Arthur C. Ringland.
COOPERATING WITH.
League of Nations.American Red Cross.American Relief Administration.Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial Fund.Russian Refugee Relief Society Inc., of New-Yorl.Boston Emergency Fund for Russian Refugees. Washington Relief Committee for Russian Refugees: Committee for Rescue and Education of Russian Youtl. Christian Science Relief Committee.Young Men's Christian Association.Young Women's Christian Association
DISASTP.H KB1.1EF CO M M ITTEE FOR R USSIA N R E F U Q E E S
Chalrmt (date)
COPY jL etter N um ber
A pp lica tion N um ber
{Family name) (First name) (Father's name)
The Secretary,
Russian R e fu g ee R e l ie f S o c ie ty o f A m er ic a n Inc.,
3 5 0 W e s / 87 th S tree t, Neu>- York City.
S ir :
W e h a v e the honor to com m end to the p ro tec tion o f your S o c ie ty the above
nam ed R uss ian re fugee ev acua ted from C onstan tinop le under the ausp ices o f this
Com m ittee. The or ig ina l o f th is le tter toge ther w ith com ple te p er so n a l h istory and
pho tographs are forw arded to you under sep a ra te cover.
Very respectfully,
M A R K L. B R IS T O L .
R e a r-A d m ira l U. S . N., C hairm an,
D isaster R e l ie f C om m ittee fo r R uss ian R e fuge
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C ' t ' C t iE N H E I M E - P . U N T E R M Y E R & M A R S H A L L
1 2 0 B r o a d w a y . N e w Y o r k
^ S Q I S T
SARAHAO LAKE, N. Y. July IB, 1923. \
VDear Mr. S o h lea in g er:
I am in r e c e i p t o f yours o f the 12th i n a t .
and have g iven i t and i t s e n c lo s u re s c a r e f u l th o u g h t . D eal
ing w ith the s u b je c t from a p r a c t i c a l s ta n d p o in t a t r e
mendous problem i s p re s e n te d , th a t of p ro v id in g f o r ja
• m i l l i o n R ussian re fu g e e s , who cannot be , or do no t d e s i r e
to be r e p a t r i a t e d in t h e i r n a t iv e la n d , who cannot find
employment in Germany and whose eyes a re d i r e c te d to the
United S t a t e s . Assuming them to he possessed of the
m enta l, m oral and p h y s ic a l q u a l i f i c a t io n s re q u ire d by our
immigration law s, so long a s the quota p r in c ip l e c o n s t i t
u te s p a r t of our l e g i s l a t i o n t h e i r adm ission w ith in our
g a te s i s im p o ssib le . A d m in is tra tiv e r e l i e f i s ou t of
the q u e s t io n . Our s t a t u t e s do n o t co n fe r d is c r e t io n a r y
powers upon any of the departm ents of the Government which
would enab le them to ignore the quota r u l e . The most p a in
f u l p re c ed e n ts serve to dem onstra te t h a t an i ro n ru le of
e x c lu s io n has been e s ta b l i s h e d . The r i g i d i t y of i t s en
forcem ent i s c o n s ta n t ly in c re a s in g . The on ly avenue through
which r e l i e f can l e g a l ly be accomplished i s th a t of Con
g re s s io n a l l e g i s l a t i o n . F a r from ev in c in g a tendency toward
r e la x in g the e x i s t in g ha rshness o f tlie r u l e , the in d ic a t io n s
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a re t h a t th e re may be a re d u c t io n of the pe rcen tage of
ad m iss ib le a l i e n s to 1$ or 2$ o f those who in 1890 had been
adm itted from the la n d s of the s e v e r a l n a t io n a l immigrant
g roups . Even the f a c t th a t American in d u s t ry s o re ly needs
an in c re a se of e f f i c i e n t and in d u s t r io u s workmen, th e re seems
to be a b l in d y e t in c re a s in g p re ju d ic e a g a in s t a l l immigrants
and e s p e c i a l l y those who come from E a s te rn and Southern
Europe. Should the p la n s which you have o u t l in e d re c e iv e
p u b l i c i t y , the su g g es t io n t h a t a j l U l o n guaslan r e f u g e e s , i now in Germany, a re s ee k in g adm ission in to the U nited
S t a t e s , ( to say n o th in g o f those now i n R ussia who e n t e r t a i n
the sane hope 1, I would no t be s u rp r i s e d i f adverse p u b lic
o p in ion would be a roused to su ch an e x te n t a s t o p r o h ib i t
im m igration a l t o g e th e r . There a re s e c t io n s o f the United
S ta te s in which such l e g i s l a t i o n would be exceed ing ly popu
l a r and th e re a re many la b o r and o th e r o rg a n iz a t io n s which
would s t ro n g ly a g i t a t e e i t h e r f o r a p o l ic y of t o t a l e x
c lu s io n , or f o r the s u sp e n s io n of im m igration f o r a te rm of
y e a r s . I have appeared freçp ien tly b e fo re the Committees
on Im m igra tion of the Senate and House of H e p re s e n ta t iv e s ,
and can a ssu re you th a t the mere in t im a t io n of such a
p o l ic y a s you have o u t l in e d , in so f a r as i t looks to a
l i b e r a l i z a t i o n of our im m igration laws i n and of R ussian
e m ig re s , now in Germany, would lead to the slamming o f our
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/ ' - 3 -
d o o ra i n th e f a c e s o f a l l who s e e k a d m is s i o n , however m e r i
t o r i o u s th e y may b e . F o r y e a r s I have a d v o c a te d an a n t i -
r e s t r i o t i o n i s t p o l i c y . I h av e , h o w ev e r , to my g r e a t so rrow ,
w i tn e s s e d a g row ing t i g h t e n i n g o f the l i n e s , an i n c r e a s i n g
d i s t r u s t o f a l l f o r s i g n e r s , and a n o t a b l e j e a lo u s y o f e v e r y
t h i n g E u ro p e a n . There i s no need t o d i s c u s s t h e r e a s o n s *
They a r e m a n ifo ld . Of c o u r s e , t h e y a r e u n s o u n d . They
a r e s t u p i d l y c h a u v i n i s t i c . They a r e unA m erican . They
t o t a l l y ig n o re th e f a c t t h a t i n l a r g e m easure o u r n a t i o n a l
p r o s p e r i t y i s due to o u r im m ig ra n ts and t h e i r d e s c e n d a n t s .
The s a i d f a c t r e m a in s t h a t what I have s a id i s o n ly too t r u e .
My a d v i c e , t h e r e f o r e , i s e m p h a t i c a l l y : Under
no c i r o u m s ta n o e s sho u ld any a t t e m p t be made to s e e k a m odi
f i c a t i o n o f our law s which w i l l e n a b le th e R u s s i a n r e f u g e e s ,
now i n Germany, to be a d m i t t e d i n d i s r e g a r d o f th e q u o ta
r e g u l a t i o n s . F u r th e rm o re any a g i t a t i o n a t t r i b u t e d to th e
League o f N a t i o n s , o r by any f o r e i g n o r g a n i z a t i o n , even
th o u g h i t be co n d u c te d u n d e r t h e a u s p i c e s o f so humane and
u n i v e r s a l l y r e s p e c t e d a p e r s o n a g e a s D r. H ansen , would be
c e r t a i n to d e s t r o y e v e ry v e s t i g e o f a ch a nce to b r in g ab o u t
an im m edia te l i b e r a l i z a t i o n o f ou r im m ig ra t io n p o l i c y .
/tv ia « f That c a n o n ly be ac c o m p l is h e d a s a r e s u l t o f .American i n i -
/V' f A\ t i a t i v e i n th e i n t e r e s t o f ou r own economic n e c e s s i t i e s and
! s p o n so re d by A m erican b u s in e s s men and t r u s t e d l e a d e r s o f V
J a «-/ v-vV* (- vA r o ‘ .V_, w f f"
v
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- 4-
p u b lic o p in io n .
I might p ro p e r ly end my l e t t e r a t t h i s p o in t . But
th e re a re e x p re ss io n s in your l e t t e r , or r a t h e r in i t s
annexes which shook me and on which I f e e l in du ty bound
to comment. They a re those which a re to the e f f e c t
t h a t the ve iy p e rso n s f o r whom you a re seek ing the oppor
tu n i ty to e n t e r America a re consumed w ith a s t ro n g f e e l in g
of h o s t i l i t y a g a in s t the Jews in g e n e r a l , and w ith h a tre d
a g a i n s t the R u ss ia l Jews in p a r t i c u l a r , whom th e y ig
n o ra n t ly o r w i l f u l ly hold r e s p o n s ib le f o r the continuance
of the S o v ie t reg im e . They inc lude a s you say , Russians
who fough t i n th e D eniken , Kolchak, Y urden itoh , Wrangel
"and o th e r w hite arm ies'’ and , t h e r e f o r e , p resum ptive ly
p a r t i c i p a n t s in the b loody pogroms which c o s t th e l i v e s
of more than 200,000 innocen t Jew ish , men, women and c h i ld re n
i n the U kra ine . You say t h a t th e s e men "are unable to
e m ig ra te to America on account of the R ussian immigrant
quota being e n t i r e l y taken up w ith R ussian Jew s." Where
do you ge t your f a c t s ? I know th a t some of th ese em igres
a re now t o r e , and a re engaged in a de term ined e f f o r t to
s t i r up h a tred a g a in s t t i e Jews and in c i r c u l â t ing the
most abominable fa ls e h o o d s a g a in s t them.
Perm it me to say t h a t so long a s th e y e n t e r t a i n
th e se v iew s, which I am c o n f id e n t you do no t s h a r e , so
long w i l l th e y be u n f i t to become a p a r t of the American
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- 5 -
p e o p l e . H a t r e d , p r e j u d i c e , i n t o l e r a n c e and t h e s p i r i t
w h ich s e t i n m o t io n th e b l o o d i e s t pogrom s i n h i s t o r y , a r e
c o m m o d i t ie s , f o r which o u r b e lo v e d c o u n t r y h as no u s e .
L e t them re m a in where th e y now a b i d e and w here I am s o r r y
t o s a y th e y a r e sow ing th e s e e d o f d e s t r u c t i o n . A m erica
a t l e a s t s h o u ld q u a r a n t i n e h e r s e l f a g a i n s t th e i n t r o d u c t i o n
o f su ch p e s t i l e n t i a l p e r s o n s .^ /™ ' 'j *>»•>")
C o r d i a l l y y o u r s .
Mr. M o r r is S o h l e s i n g e r , o /o L ’A c t i o n du*- D r . H ansen , 1 M ad ison A venue ,Hew Y ork C i t y .
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Ju ly 12, 102Û»
ÿfy i ’ax Mr. M irsh a llï
A etit » rery w e indeed for l'eor klrri le t 1er of the lo th . I '.vas ju s t en tun p o in t cf ..•ri.tir-; on a t y tr jr oow .tr/ pl&o», the addr<%ae o f w. Adh :ïr. U ntcr:.fl/ur gave me.
I «mit» r e r t l io th a t « ♦ t e t t e r « h t * t r l i y e W te the United M riM I s . on M'O L .t » r » e $ 1 ! " ’■ » « ra L-.u, a ver» to l lc n te one, t i w » 1 hevo nee» lr :j,e t .re»-j tl.i.t . ra iito r o f »>•; lr-t n f H M » * > V L idive.to litiiie « w n tÿ i
. ; • v tiJ.ka ■. i. <- /■ ' ith 1‘tuiuc
M k « £ d i * ? T Ü m a > » r arid v i t h'tcl «• w t either e e w «
•er!.. , c-r-: .>«« - i - ' v -V. » ,Æ t» Æ M :» (o r ta«Baeelen refageee row In OeaiesBy no oemo te -the- : itted S tetoe.
Zh.’. Kttneen ta , of OGuree, in te re s te d In s-~ree . te e , of V.o Baeelan rm'ugee
f Y . 3ie !le, Ion ie r ts h fefhgew "Ae ar« new I ’: W r t aial IMu.nl» a r t «hewiHflt 1 .. vOl t*-C '3 UC iu' trlOi3*
a. B » Bue la a refugees «fie r re not in Sernany an» "1» w tA to ooie to t i e e * W rV-.te., L „ V tk - l w e l 1.7 .U ff io - '. t Ibx itlo n or the I to e rmai.'imt in Serroanyj .
... » , 3 . .4 » . «I**»»» b r l K i p . l . y «ieteH aetoa»»") * « < #•«*> toauamtv « » «*» * l< h k * * » * " v * *> ’ • CT'4 e lte tiM ntiLu.t I'JreujJi t e Jo in t B lt tr l" . sior Ceir.-i»tie», nyeu. know.le rO ïT O , y. »•„ e w u t l a . la : * a t « ira . » to.-.tive «r .« ,-t : U t t » « e tlen « e tDO toke.i UY 1.» ...ltv a Otat=« Sovermeut to r e m i t tooaa ..eoplo to eu.» to th e U nite!- H t-ten under e i t h e r t . e E aee ian t «ruotà. o r, -perh&i-e, theGenrrtn i n - i f r a n t -aot*,, e in c* tuu? of ti em >.»ve been roaS den ts o f Germanyv i r t u a l l y ten y o n re , now. For Oreop 3 . Dr. Vnao-. rte.-.irar., i f p o s .- i tu a , to IntarLiRu 30« e o f th*» AKWioar. a itl e s p w ia l ly th e Jow l ah o rç a n i j^ t io n a 1 the p la n f o r a M e n la a 'u n iv e r s ity i n B e r l in which in o u t lin e d in the en c lo sed ^ n o - remdonu
I ;v.vo p rep a red two awmoraad» n6tidh î #® *8 1 hurew lllie I h s t Ijam a-akins o f your k ln ln e s e l a .-idvice n,e to how to prooen-i. .»ith th ese rnutfcera w it; ra id I I hi-vo b een eAarged by B r. Nmiewn (1) r* to a rrm ^e rro n te f o r the la , l ib r a t io n o f -sane o f t e se Bus slsui ra fv ç a e e from flem iny to tlte U n ited S ta te b and ( 2 ) ati to jo c u rin g fu id e f o r the e d u c a tio ru l /o rk p lanned by D r. a,sen f o r tîx6 Bu^sliin refu^iees.
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I have had the pleasure of oonaiilting, so fa r, Mr. Polk, Mr. Un.termey»ft Mr. Oacar Strans, Mr. W&rtmrg and Mr. Henry Morgen ttisu, a l l of when liaie been teenly in ton* a ted in both projeeta, but alJ! of vihom te ll me that the one man r*1® oar\ beet adviee me aa to how to proceed Is youraelf. I am therefore haveing recoures to your good nature to aek you to giro me your counsel as to what, concretely, I should do.
With thanks for your pleaoant le t te r , believe me Tours sincorely,
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eoE^i^.nTi.nL àteAPBAHDPM
one m i l l io n T.vteslanThe a p p ro x im ate ly one million T.vtsslan re fu g e e s now In fiermany
1 . R efugees who would w i l l i n g l y r e tu r n to R u ss ia , b u t who w ill
n o t be g ran ted p e rm iss io n to do eo by th e S o v ie t G overnm ent
( a ) on p o l i t i c a l grounds
( b) b ecause th ey have no means o f s u p p o r t tihek they a r r iv e
in R u ss ia .
2 . Refugees who have some means who, f o r p e rs o n a l o r p o l i t i c a l
re a s o n s , do n o t wish to r e tu r n t o R u ss ia , b u t do wish So
e m ig ra te to m erlon . T h is i s c h ie f ly th e working c la s s .
8 . Refugees who, f o r p o l i t i c a l re a s o n s , wish to retra in in Ger
many, a s they cannot r e t u r n to R ussia and have no connec
t i o n s in o th e r f o r e ig n c o u n t r i e s . Title i s e s p e c ia l ly so
w ith t h e i n t e l l e c t u a l c l a s s .
So f a r a s Group 1 i s concerned , no American a id i s in question
a s fo r Group 2 , on tfce- accoun t o f th e f a c t th a t t h e R ussian immigration
^ quota i s a lw ays e x h au s te d , and t h a t t h i s s i t u a t i o n can sc a rc e ly be a l t e r e d w ith o u t a d m in i s t r a t iv e o r pe rhaps even l e g i s l a t i v e a c t io n , c e r ta in
to I n t e r e s t some o f th e American r e l i e f o rg a n iz a t io n s o r pe rso n s in teem.
a) R ussian p r i s o n e r s o f war o r in te rn e d c i v i l i a n s who were
u nab le t o r e tu r n t o R ussia on accoun t o f th e war;
(b ) R uss ians w o f l e d from R ussia a f t e r th e S ov ie t re v o lu tio n
( o) R ussians who fough t in th e D en ik in , Y udenitoh , rangel
o r o th e r h i t e a rm ies ;
( d) R ussians who hi d r e s id e d o r f l e d to o th e r European coun
t r i e s but have ootae to Germany because of the cheaper
may be d iv id ed in to t h r e e g ro u p s :
r e l i e f would seem in o rd e r , v lth re s p o o t t o G r o u p s , I hope to be dble
The t h i r d g roup , which
in g problem , c o n s i s t s o f
rtit cfc- p re s e n t s th e most p re s s -
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l i v i n g c o s t s .
( l ) f i u i U n p r o f e s s o r s and i n t e l l e c t u a l s who >* v e b een d e p o r t
ed from R u ss ia a g a in s t t h e i r w i l l and a e o e p te d by Germany,
The u n d e le ig n e d h as und ertaken t h l e work ow ing to h ie e s
p e c i a l i n t e r e s t t h e r e in b ecau se:
1* Ae C onsu l G eneral in ch a rg e o f R u ssian a f f a i r s a t t h e Ger
man f o r e ig n o f f i c e , h e h a s been in s tr u m e n ta l in a l l isueso-
Oerman m att er e f o r some t im e;
2 . As d e le g a t e o f th e German Red C ross M iss io n t o R u ss ia he
o r g a n is e d th e work o f t h e German Red C rose t h e r e .
8 . when th e League o f N a t io n s u n d ertook th e m a tte r o f f in d in g
a s o lu t io n o f th e q u e s t io n a r i s i n g from t h e p r e s e n c e o f s o
maiyr R u ss ia n r e f u g e e s in Germany, th e u n d ersign ed was de
s ig n a te d by H igh C om m issioner Dr# F r i d t j o f Man s e n . o f Ih e
le a g u e o f R a t io n s , t o v i s i t .-imeriea w ith a v ie w t o r e a c h - _
in g some s o lu t io n of t h l e m a tte r .
The p o l i t i c a l and co m m erc ia l a c t i v i t i e s o f t h e Germans In
R u e s ie a r e lo o k e d upon w ith t h e g r a v e s t s u s p i o i l o n by t h e R u s s ia n r e
f u g e e s , a s i s a l s o I r . H a n s e n 's w o rk f o r r e l i e f in R u s s i a , a s th e y a r e
o f t h e o p in io n t h a t , ^ t h r o u g h a c t i v i t i e s o f t h i s s o r t \tax2F t h e S o v ie t
G overnm ent in R u s s i a i s r e n d e re d more s e c u r e and e n d u r i n g .
T h i s memorandum el 11 n o t e n t e r i n t o t h e q u e s t i o n o f w h e th e r
t h i s i s . o r i s n o t , a f a l s e p o i n t o f v i e w , n o r how lo n g t h e .s o v ie t Gov
e rn m en t can o r c a n n o t l a s t . The memorandum m e re ly t a k e s a s i t s p o i n t
o f d e p a r t u r e t h e f a c t t h a t ç w h e th e r r i g h t l y o r w ro n g ly , t h e R u s s ia n
r e f u g e e s i n Germany, f o r t h e m ost p a r t , h o ld f i r s t , t h a t t h e R u ss ian
Jews a r e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e f o u n d a t io n o f t h e s o v i e t r e g i m e , and s e c o n d ,
t h a t th e Germans a r e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r i t s c o n t in u a n c e b e c a u s e th e y h av e
made a t r e a t y w i th s o v i e t l . u s s i a .
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The h o s t i l i t y o f the Russian emmigrant toward the Russian Jew
and eo in a measure toward a l l Jews, hae been e s p ec ia lly influenced by
the fa c t o f th e i r success in ob ta in ing good l iv in g conditions in o ther
co u n tr ie s . The o th er eamigrants from Russia now believe th e ir ohanee
i e in America, but a re unable to do eo, an they have no t
the connections and a lso the Russian Jews take up almost the e n t i r e im
migrant quota,
these fa c ta and signs o f th rea ten ing pogroms in Russia ag a in s t
Jews remaining th e re , a re the reaeon th a t the xmdersigned has been
asked by then in h is capac ity ae re p re se n ta tiv e of the League o f nations
fo r Russian refugees to do everyth ing in h is power to minimise as much
as poss ib le th i s h o s t i l i t y to the Jews.
On th e German side means a re sought to meet t h i s question by
f re e ly g ran ting a r ig h t o f asylum, so ae to enable the Russian emmigrants
to gain a l iv l ih o o d . And a l l th i s in s|>ite o f the f a c t th a t th e in flu x
o f almost a m illio n Russian Refugee» might mean a t e r r i b l e r i s k in cese
of a sudden s t a te o f unemployment th a t Germany may find h e r s e lf in .
Germane have taken a number o f Russian p ro fesso rs and have
founded a l i t t l e Russian u n iv e rs i ty in Berlin so ae to give th e many
Russian s tuden ts in Vermany the means of completing th e i r s tu d ie s . This
un iv e ra ity i s under the leadersh ip of Rusai an p ro fesso rs and, the pres
en t sem ester, hae an enrollm ent o f 600 s tu d e n ts , 30$ o f whom are Jewe»
Th«©r have a lso founded studen t homes and schools and Rimilar in s t i tu t io n s
for the education o f Russian young people without means.
Apart from the fa o t th a t the younger Russian generation in
fo re ign lands , i f brought up and taught in e s se n tia l t ra d e s , w i l l be
c a lle d upon to co n tr ib u te to the reco n stru c tio n of R ussia, Dr. Hansen
b e liev es th a t he i e only ju s t i f i e d to accept help fo r a work th a t
promises to b ring r e s u l t s fo r the fu tu re . The very heavy eost of be-
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ginn ing th is w»Uc on broad l in e» have been borne by Germany, but under
present condit ions the cost o f maintenance cannot be bo** » and i t hea
been thought beet to attempt t o in t e r e s t American organ ization s in i t .
This i e o f b e n e f it to and in the in t e r e s t o f the Bussian ev/2 ,
as i t i s not only an in d ir e c t help fo r them but i e , a t the same tim e,
a oonetant anewer to th e c r i t ic is m from fio f lr i trg sources that th e Jew
is h r e l i e f organ iza tion s were doing r e l i e f work among Jews only# Large
donaticne fo r general r e l i e f not s p e c i f i c a l l y Jewish, g ivey by Jewish
r e l i e f organ ization s Xfi are u su a lly quickly fo rg o tten .
Should some o f the American Jewish organ isations or in d iv id u a ls
be In a p o s it io n or w i l l in g to contr ibu te to th i s work o f Dr* Hansen
the undersigned i s authorised to s t a t e on the part o f the German author
i t i e s th a t Germany w i l l continue to g iv e a l l p o ss ib le f a c i l i t i e s end
t h a t l f d e s ired ,th e sch ools or u n iv e r s i t i e s s h a l l bear the names o f te e
p a r ticu la r organ isa tion s or in d iv id u a ls who support i t . Dr, iïansen i s
a lso prepared to guarantee that no organ ization overhead w i l l be
ehargtid agt-inst any anas thus contributed , o s th i s part o f the expense
w i l l be paid by the Lea${ge o f n a t io n s .
I t may b e added that the co st o f tu i t io n and maintenance o f
one student i s very l i t t l e , an* i t l e hoped that the eun o f *60 0 0 0 .oc
can be ge t fromPtfcar In thy United S ta te e to care for a l l the expenses
o f some 1200 students for one year.
This I s » work that cannot f a i l to have i t s far reaching In -
t iu eo o e on the fu tu re , and Dr, Hansen hopes very c lncere là th at i t w i l l
be supported In the United Utatee,
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S - \/V lA X .
)0i\
u @ ie t L>eoond, 1 9 2 3 .
. , Z ^ XBe i r ‘“T. M a r e h i l l ,
P l e a e e b e l i e v e t h i t I a p p r e c ia te , - r e a t ly y o u r k ind
l e t t e r o f the 1 5 th u l t o , which u n f o r tu n a te ly 1 h ere been u n -
Jb le to answer « o n e r , i . 1 -1= not w r i t e S n f l l le h and am depen
dent upon a t r a n s l a t o r . P i r e t o f 4 1 perm it me to a s cure you
t h a t I v a lu e h ig h ly th e o p p o r tu n ity to co m m it you on a o u ee -
t l o n which so j u s t l y demande o e r lo u e c o n t e n t i o n b y U 1 J . « .
h owever. 1 . « e t e o n . i » r i t a l o s s f o r me p e r e o n a l ly ®d fo r
o u r c a . e e , th i t I t h « b een im p o e e lb le f o r m e to meet y o u . f o r
1 b e l i e v e th i t you would soon have re a l l i e d , t h i t th e o i roum-
o t m c e e . on jrhioh you r e f l e c t most sh a r p ly In you r l e t t e r , are
the ve ry re ison o f «V t r i p to oneriOA,
In o r te r th *t you raty read t h i s meimr in the sv isf tt
In which I t 13 w r i t t e n , l e t ne s t a t e tl-few p a r t i c u l a r s * o u t
i t s e l f . 1 am a Jew , who n o t o n ly through h i e o f f i c i a l p o s i t i o n ,
b u t a l s o in ray p e r s o n a l l i f e have b een c l o s e l y con n ected w ith
a l l q u e s t i o n s p e r t U n ln n to t h e Jewdora o f the K d t . oven t h o u * —
in t h . i n t e r e s t o f th . = « - 1 h .vo .v o id ed m b l i c i t y u. m o h
* p o s s i b l e . Uy Wife i s a H usslan J e w e s s , whose r e l a t i v e , we-e
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— fi—
vlott tbs o f th e pogroms in the Ukraine as w e ll as the Russian famines.
In r i s w o f the f a o t t h a t du r in g the p a s t ten ye ars I have become
acquainted w ith a l l the h o r r o r s o f Inman s u f f e r i n g , I have n a t u r a l
ly given y o u r l e t t e r the mo a t e a r n e s t a t t e n t i o n .
There seems to he no doubt t h a t you have in p a r t m is
construed the memoranda s e n t you. There a re reasonable grounds fo r
t h i s : - f i r s t , as I do n o t w r i t e S n g l i sh , 2 was compelled to send
you a t r a n s l a t i o n o f rty ar&iment, In eepeÊAMering t h i s t r a n s l a
t i o n i t has been found, t h a t even though t h i s covers the Oerman o-
r i g i n a l i n p r i n c i p l e , y e t a e r t a in p o in t s have been d i s t o r t e d and
given a shade o f meaning which might be i r r i t a t i n g . Secondly, owing
to my co n s ta n t connection w ith t h i s m a t te r , I should no t have assumed
th a t you would know a l l the f a c t s , which j u s t i f y me. n<M=ttion. I
s h a l l endeavor to c l e a r up these m a t te r s , by s u b m it t in g to you a new
t r a n s l a t i o n md by the fo l lo w in g .
When I s t a t e d in my l e t t e r t h a t we are i n t e r e s t e d in
the Hie elan Jews, who mu a t leave Poland and ^oumania, i t i s because
a l l these unfo tun ate Jews, banished from these la n d s and unable to
reach oversea s c o u n t r ie s , t i y to e n t e r Oerraany. 1 assume i t to be
well known, t h a t d u r in g the p i s t f iv e y e a r s , an enonnoua number o f
fkiasian Jews have found an asylum in Germany and t h a t t h i s f a o t has
given grounds f o r severe c r i t i c i s m o f tlie p re s e n t Oerman Government,
by va rio u s p a r t i e s , even from such who have n o t engaged in these
de n u no ia tions from a n t i semi t i c grounds. When e a r ly th i e y e a r , owing
to the banishm ent o f ftassian Jews from Poland anrt Houmania, a new
stream began to pou r i n to Germany, 1 was e n t r e a t e d on the one s ide
by the Government to d lv e a t t h i s f lo o d w ith the a id o f the League
o f N a tions md Implored on the o th e r hand by Jew ish e rganl s a t ions
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,o induce the Government to idmlt e v e r g re i t e r numbers o f I t i s s ia n
Jews.
liy a t v in uoerioa h i# pro -an to n o , t h a t ttermen;y, pov*e r-
le e e po ll t i o - J l y jnd *11 b u t ru ined corarneroi i l l y , h is t i u l y t Jcen
c a r t o f theoe ik isslan refU,jBea most «Iraira b ly And c e r t i ln ly dese rves
i^rwat c r e d i t f o r h i v i n s g ran ted themethe r i g h t o f isylum a t a time
when hundred» o f thousands o f i-ennans h *ve been c iu e l ly d riv en from
t h e i r o'"n homes And deprived o f t h e i r ve ry e x i s t e n c e , a t a time when
the housing sh o rta g e i s more c r i t i c a l than f o r e ig n e r s can p o s s ib ly
conce ive . Turing ray presence here I trust e s t a b l i s h , no f a r as t h i s
e n t e r s the m e e t lo n , th i t i t i s a b so lu te ly Im possib le f o r Oemany to
locept any a d d i t io n a l ^ l s s i m re fu g e e s .
The second p o in t b f tflr p rev ious l e t t e r , which t r e a t s o f
euch 1*1 osi ms who wish to e m ig ra te from Semi my to <merlca, seems to
hive s t i r r e d you e s p e c i i l l y , bec^une you iseume t h i t imong those e -
m i j r e s a re inc luded c e r t a in e le toen ts who took p i r t in tiÆ infamous
c m e l t l o s a g a in s t ik tssi Jews in the Ukraine - jn e lem ent which
•ould tend to f u r th e r in t i s â m i t i c f e e l in g in the U nited S t a t e s . I
mjy be wrong, b u t i t seems to mo th it you impugn ray in t e e t l o n s ; th i t
you b e l ie v e ny o b je c t to ue the r e l i e f o f i n t i semitism in tie iminy i t
the expense o f unerioa .
T h is n u e s t lo n in i t s p re s e n t e t i.je d e se rv es con s ide n t i on
from i Jew ish s ta n d p o in t on ly in so f a r th i t the e m ig ra tio n o f Ive
s ia n re f ti ,gees from (iem iry to the U nited S ta te s w i l l ex h au s t more
qu iok ly the I t i s s l m Quota, which i s u n d e s i r a b le in 'dow o f the f a c t
th i t m-iny o f the ffeseian Jews banished from Poland .«d Roununl-* a lso
wish to come to «aerioa . I t i s f o r t h i s re ison th i t 1 tdked you r
op in io n In the m a t te r . When 1 a s s e r te d In i ry memo r mdum t h i t a l a -,jo
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p a r t o f th e R i a s i a n r e f u g e e s p l a n e t o e m ig r a t e t o A a f r l o a , I
c a l l e d a t t e n t i e n a t t h e same tim e to th e number o f H i s s i a n s , who,
I r e p e a t , elnoe th e w ar have "been em ployed I n Germany a s m e chan ics»
s k i l l e d and u n s k i l l e d ; th e f o r m e r c a p a b le o f h ig h q u a l i t y woric-
m an eh lp — and who a r e w i t h o u t work ow ing to p r e s e n t e c o n om ic con
d i t i o n s i n Germany. I n e g l e c t e d , ho w ever , t o p o i n t o u t t h a t theye
a r e a t m o s t I t ) , 000 to 2 0 ,000 who hJtve b e e n I n Germany more t h a n
f i v e y e a r # , and t h a t among th e a e a r e t h e r e f o r e n e i t h e r "w h ite *
a i a r d e " ( o f w h o m , f o r tu n a t e l y , t h e r e a re v e ry I n Germany) n o r p o l i
t i c a l m e d d le r s , t u t p r i n c i p a l l y R u s s i a n w orkingm en, w ar p r i s o n e r s ,
o r I n t e r n e d c i v i l i a n s who rem ain ed In Germany. Now, t h e r e f o r e ,
b ec au se th e s e p e o p le can n e i t h e r r e t u r n t o R i s e l a n n o r rem ain In
Gennany and f u r t h e r b e c a u s e s u ch s k i l l e d l a b o r I s n e e d ed I n the
U n i te d S t a t e s , i t h*d seemed to ma t h i t some e f f o r t m ig h t b e nude
t o i n c r e a s e th e f t i s e l a n q u o t a f o r th e b e n e f i t o f t h i s a p e c i a l
c o n t i n g e n t .
You a s k ,w h e re I g e t my in f o r m a t i o n , t h v t th e H i s s l a n
q u o ta i e i n g r e a t p a r t consumed b y R u s s i a n J ew s . I n u s t s a y , t h a t
t h i s argum ent h i s b e e n m a in t a in e d i n b o t h o f f i c i a l and p r i v a t e
c i r c l e s . I m ig h t a d d , t h a t 1 have bee n r e p r o iOhed - 1 t h th e f a c t
t h a t R u s s i a n s (n o n -J e w ia h ) , a r e n o t so w e l l a b l e to m ee t th e r e -
q u l r e m e n t s o f th e im er ic an I m m ig r a t io n s t a t u t e s , b ec au s e th e y n o t
o n ly l i c k fu n d s f o r t h e i r p a s s a g e * c r o a a , b u t a l s o f a i l l i e have
r e l a t i v e s o r c o n n e c t i o n s , w h ich R i s s i a n Jew s seem to comnand.
A l th o u g h I a n t i c i p a t e t h i t th e L e a » ie o f M a t i o n s , t h r u
th e d e v e lo p m e n t o f c l r o u m a ta n c e a i n C e n t r a l Europe - e a p e c i a l l y i n
Germany - w i l l be co m pe lled to n e g o t i a t e o f f i c i a l l y ( p o s s i b l y
a l s o w i t h th e A m erican G overnm ent) th e q u e a t i o n o f H ie s i a n r e f u
g e e s , I c o n s i d e r m y s e l f f o r t u n a t e i n b e i n g a b l e to s tu d y th e a l t u -
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a t i e n h e re i t f i r o t h i n d , so is t o b e i n i p o s i t i o n t o i s s i t '’ r .
N in se n i n d e c i d i n g u p o n * o o u ro e o f a c t i o n , i n l i n e w i t h y o u r r e
c o m m e n d a tio n s . I w o u ld g re i t l y a p p r e c l i t e i f y o u w o u ld l e t me kn ow
who w o u ld be m o s t i n t e r e s t e d i n t h e l i n n i g r i t io n t o t h e U . 3 . o f t h e
c o n t in g e n t o f t t * a s i an me oh m i c e m e n t io n e d ib o v e , a nd who m ig h t b e
w i l l i n g t o f o l l o w u p t h i s m a t t e r ; a so i f y o u c o u ld s u p p ly me w i t h
p r o o f s , w h ic h w o u ld r e f u t e th e e t i t e m e n t t h a t t h e i t i s s l m (> uo ta i s
e x h a u s te d p r i n c i p a l l y b y H i s s i « J e w s .
Y o u r l e t t e r le a v e s no d o u b t t h i t y o u a re c o r r e c t l y i n
fo rm e d r* g i r d i n g t h o wave o f a n t i se ra i t i c f e e l i n g w h ic h h a s i t s in c e p
t i o n w i t h th e M i s s i tn e m ig re s i n t ie m a n y . T h is m akes i t f a r e i s i e r f t r
f o r me to i n t e r e c t y o u f o r th o t h i r d p o i n t o f n y l e t t e r - th e m a in
te n a n c e o f i f t * a s i an U n i v e r s i t y i n B e r l i n .
C o u n t in g o n y o u r g re it i n t e r e s t i n th e J e w is h r i c e , 1
h i v e p o in t e d o u t t o y o u f r e e l y w h e re t i e T fc ts o im i n t i s e m i t i s m i n
-Jerm any d ra w s i t s s t r e n g t h and *sk y n u r i s s i r ; ta n c e i n o u r f i g h t
i g a i n c t th e s e d i r k p o w e rs .
The c i t y o f m e r l i n , w h ic h h iX b o r s a lm o s t h a l f o f i l l t h e l t i B s i m p o l i t i c i l re fu g e e s i n Uorm ony - a p p r o x im a t e ly 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 - h i e , b y re is o n o f i t s c e n t r a l p o s i t i o n , become th o b i t t l e i i e l d f o r th e p o l i t i c i l b e l i e f s o f i l l th o d i f f e r e n t f a c t i o n s a n d g ro u p s o fKu s c i on E m ig r a n t s .
T i e a n t i - S e m i t i s m o f th e o e Hu s s i a n s h is b e e n c o n s id e r a b ly i n t e n a i f i e d b y t h e re is o no n e t f o r t h i n th e i t t i o h e d m em orandum . So g r e i t h ie t h i s f e e l i n g a g a in s t th e J e w s be c o r» i n Germany b e c w se o f t h e 1 i r g e i n f l u x o f H u s s i in Je w s m d th e p re s e n c e o f th er tu c c ia n « m l ( p r i n t s , t h a t i t h i s becom e i r e a l s o u rc e o f a la r m to t h eie r m in Je w e p e m i n e n t l y r e s i d i n g i n G erm any*
The c e n t r e o f t i l l s H i s a l i n m t i - S e m i t ie m l e t h e FUsbIub I n t e l l e c t u a l s tn d th e o f f i c i a s o f th e o l i r e g in » i n I f c o s i i who i r e n o v m i k in g i l e s n e r i t e f i g h t f o r t h e i r e x i s t e n c e . I t m ig h t a lm o s t a p p e a r as an a c t o f J u s t i c e t h i t t h e s e H i s s i u io s h o u ld now b e g o in g th r o u g h th e a vr*» e x p e r ie n c e s m d e n d u r in g t l ie a-uae e u f f e r l n :s t h vt th e y f o r m e r l y i n f l i c t e d on t t o l \ i s o i i n J e w s .
T h is c l m s o f I k io s i m e l a h o w e v e r v e ry u n l i k e l y t o e v e r>ee t h e i r o o u n t r y i g t l n , m d w i l l n o t h iv e t je o p p o r t u n i t y to I n d u lg e i n m y i n t i - s e m i t i c p e o p o g a n d a i n H u s s i i i t s e l f . ,.u t a new 1% :;- s i -r. O e n e r i t i o r i i s g r o w in g u p tn d t h i n new i> e n * r i t i o ! . w h e th e r j r o w -
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i n g u p i n R u s s i a o r e l s e w h e re w i l l have t o d e t e r m in e t h e f a t e o f R u s s i a
The young R i s s i a n i n t e l l e c t u a l s , l i v i n g i n R i s s i a , a r e con f i n e d e n t i r e l y t o t h e R i s s i a n u n i v e r s i t i e s . The E u rop ean u n i v e r s i t i e s w£U. n o t ad m it them as t h e y do n o t r e c o g n iz e d e g r e e s r e c e i v e d a t t h e N is e i an u n i v e r s i t i e s owing to t h e f a c t t h a t so many o f th e o l d t e ache r s have te e n s e n t o u t o f th e c o u n t r y and t h e i r p l a c e s have n o t b ee n f i l l e d by q u a l i f i e d men; and ow ing a l s o t h e th e f a c t t h a t th e y have b a s e d t h e i r e d u c a t i o n a l p r i n c i p l e s on c o n d i t i o n s w hich do n o t c o i n c id e w i t h t h e f u n d a m e n ta l c o n d i t i o n s w hich o t h e r c o u n t r i e s e x p e c t , and w hich g iv e a r i g h t o f a d m is s io n t o t h e i r u n i v e r s i t i e s .
T h i s y o u n g e r g e n e r a t i o n o u t s i d e R u s s i a , h o w ev er , a r e ve ry e a g e r to r e t u r n to R u s s i a even thou g h th e y know t h a t , u n d e r t h e e x i s t i n g o i rcum^ s t a n c e s , su ch a r e t u r n w i l l mean s e p a r a t i o n from t h e i r f a m i l i e s . I t i s a p p a r e n t , t h e r e f o r e , t h a t f o r t h e n e a r f u t u r e no R i s s i a n s t u d e n t s w i l l be i n a t t e n d a n c e a t E u ro p e a n u n i v e r s i t i e s . D r . N ansen, t h e r e f o r e , c o n s i d e r s i t o f g r e a t e s t im p o r ta n c e t h a t so l o n g a s t h e r e i s no o p p o r t u n i t y f o r t h e s e yo un g R u s s i a n s t o foim an y c u l t u r a l o r s c i e n t i f i c t i e s w i th Ri e e i a , some means m us t be found to e n a b le them t p u r s u e t h e i r s t u d i e s a t E u r o p e » u n i v e r s i t i e s . To t h i s end he i s t r y i n g to i n t e r e s t e v e r y o n e who i s con ce rn ed w i t h th e f u t u r e d eve lop m e n t o f R u s s i a .
P e r m i t me t o g i v e , a l s o , ray r e a s o n s t h i t A m erican J e w is h o r g a n i z a t i o n s and i n d i v i d u a l s s h o u ld be i n t e r e s t e d i n t h i s p r o j e c t .
W h a tever may b e t h e f u t u r e d eve lopm ent o f R u s s i a one t h i n g i s s u i e - th e Y o u th o f R u s s i a w i l l d e te rm in e i t and th e R u s s i a n J e w is h q u e s t i o n w i l l p la y an im p o r t a n t p a r t . I t seems l o g i c a l , t h e n , t h a t th e Jewi s h p eo p le s h o u ld i n t e r e s t th e m s e lv e s i n th e e d u c a t i o n o f t h a t c l a s s o f R u s s i a n i n t e l l e c t u a l s who w i l l have so d e c i s i v e an i n f l u e n c e i n s h ap in g R u s s i a n a f f a i r s and in d e t e r m i n i n g th e s t a t u s o f t h e J e w is h p e o p le i n Ru s s i a .
I do n o t w is h t o a p p e a r a s a f a n t a s t i c i d e a l i s t who b e l i e v e s t h a t by g i v i n g m a t e r i a l l i d t o t h e R u s s i a n i n t e l l e c t u a l s now th e Jews w i l l i n th e f u t u r e i n t h e i r g r a t i t u d e and c o n s i d e r a t i o n f o r t h e i r r a c e , b u t I f e e l t h a t i t i s my d u ty t o show th e d a n g e ro u s co n s e q u e n c e s t h a t w i l l fo l l o w i f th e R i s s i a o f tom orrow w i l l have i n i t no i n t e l l e c t u a l c l a s s , t r a i n e d i n E u ro p e a n i n s t i t u t i o n s and h a v in g f ro m t h e i r t r a i n i n g a con c e p t io n o f th e J e w is h p ro b le m a s i t c o n f r o n t s R i s s i a .
I n R i s s i a new c o n d i t i o n s have b ee n c r e a t e d w h ich can a l s o iSriFlMwd t o a d v a n ta g e . They w i l l w ork hand i n hand w i t h t h i s p la n o f D r . N a n s e n 'a . By t a k i n g th e i n i t i a t i v e i n t h i s p ro b lem t h e R u s s i a n y o u th w i l l be g iv e n a more l i b e r a l view o f t h i n g s and w i l l be r e l e a s e d from th e n arrow and b i t t e r a tm o sph e re i n w hich most o f th e m a r e g ro w ing u p f o r e i g n c o u n t r i e s .
These a r e th e f a c t s w hich I f e e l j u s t i f y mo i n coming to th e Jew s o f America to s e c u r e t h e i r h e l p i n e s t a b l i s h i n g a U n i v e r s i t y i n B e r l i n w h ich w i l l lo o k a f t e r some 1200 s t u d e n t s a y e a r . I n t h i s work I am a c t i n g i n a c c o rd a n c e w i t an o f f i c i a l m andate o f t h e H igh Co rani s - e j o n e r o f th e League o f N a t i o n s . W ha tever d e c i s i o n s th e A merican J e S -
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th» Tienaiy Meeting o f tr.e ^ea#io tentoer 192 3)* .
, ^ p. t h a t in » f a r « p c - = m , w l t h i» « * “ ” l t e
» l.U.r, 1 h a v . b e . n a b le t o s i™ you a c l e a r p r e s e n t a t io n o f the
t l t o U o . . and t h a t you W il l . . . 1 d l .p o . e d to e » r t y o u r g r e a t in -
f luence to w p p c r t . « • ™ rk o f Dr. K a n « n .
1 w* aaouralnts t h a t you know e f tM =u=o.== « 1 th which
D r. N aneen 's e f f o r t . - h i . « n t l r l n g l a b e r In b a h l f o f the * . U » re -
t i u l y — i n 8 Of r e c o g n i t io n - h » . been crowned. 0 n . o
M O gre it.st iOhlrrerwnts 1- M o international reflation of th. P -
„ „ rt question, which h - ..*.1.1* the «..4 - *.w. in
Surcpe. .ho suffered n . » ,«■» other 4 »ian. 1" « * P * fl”°
honot^tin Internationa travel. Thi. ha. no. bo.n readied W the an.
„ „ rloopo rt which offers * . « . a norU rl.*t an» legal .tatu..
mo nutter .MO», country they may be locate 1» temporarily.
I M u g r e a t ly a p p r e c ia te yo u r reofonoe In t h l e m a t te r .
» , you - any t » . . l h l l l t y Of a id in g t h . w o * o f ~ . o f « » « -
totttlng toward the m aln tenano . o f t h . -n U n l ^ r e i t y i n - U n . e l t h .
lg re p re s e n ta t iv e o f o r g a n i s a t i o n , w ith which you u . connected , o r p e r-
eona lly» o r in aw o ther w . a t i . f a c t o i y to you*
P U — b e l i e v e t h a t I o i n c . r e l y < • . » « « * * 1 am c o m p e l l .d
U « . t * » y o u , r e - t by t h l e c o r r e . p o n d . n o . ; * * * . » » . how
l n . x p r a e e l b l y e o r , y I am t h a t 1 . h a l l n o t h a , , th e h o n o r o f m o o t in g you
p e r e o n a l ty . - 1 » . t . a i l « * • » « « * «» W '
Very r e s p e c t f u l l y y o u tb .
p 8 . S in c e my a r r iv a l In N.w Y e * 1 L a m e d t h a t t u Emigrant
O r g a n i s a t io n . in P . r l . h m , » o u . . t . d the a l i . d » . v . r , » . » t . to »
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c a l l Dr. Hansen, claiming th a t he I s sub jec t to Soviet an* Jewish
In fluence , Although th i s calumny h i s l e f t no Im pression, i t never-
th e - le s s in d ic a te s , how valu able i t i s to have the cause o f the ft»s*
sian refugees represented by a man l ik e Dr. Sanson, whose p e rso n a li ty
rnd s te r l in g r e fu ta t io n are a su re ty , th a t the a f f a i r e o f these üie»
e lans w il l not he used p o l i t i c a l l y hu t w i l l he confined to the ephawe
in which they belong - the g rsa t province o f H II M A K 1 T_ X. I t
apppears to me th * t the f a c t deserves the eep ee ia l a t te n t io n o f Jews.
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r fir.
i r tA JOR JOHNSON.
With refarenoe to your query on Mr. Childs'
letter Bxl2 of the 28th September, please allow me
to say that only to-day I saw for the first time
file 45/20724/x including Mr. Childs' letter No. A.x/4 of
J the 18th June last.
In the said letter para. 7 (marked by me with
blue pencil) Mr. Childs states: "For this purpose I hare
allocated a sum of £3,600 - and of which £919.0.0. roughly has
already been spent." Mr, Childs does not state under which
authority and from which fund he allocated the said amount.
I find from my miiyii records that on the 30th
April last we asked Mr. Lodge to place at Mr. Childs' disposal
£5,000, i.e. as much as the final American Red Cross
contribution in respect of Russian Refugees in Constantinople.
I consequently believe that it is from this £5,000 ttet
Mr. Childs made the necessary allocation for evacuation to
America.
I should be greatly obliged for any information
you may be kind enough to furnish me with for our rpCords.
ra-‘
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M
V o ) V
N°
A rg is M m e t lo te rn a t io n a l d e la P r e s se S. A.23, Rue du Rhône - GENÈVE
Adr. tclégr. : Coupures-Genève - Téléphone Stand 40-05
Bureau International de coupures de journaux.
Traductions de et en toutes langues.
7 *- v
A / * - -
C orrespondan ts à A m sterdam . Berlin, Bruxelles, Buenos-AIres, B udapes t, Christiania, Copenhague. L isbonne, Londres, Madrid, Milan, N ew -Y ork, Pa r is , R lo-de-Janeiro , Rom e, Stockholm . Tokio, Vienne.
fie' HBRALB. IA*H
2 D£crrer;------W S S IA ' l-3 MAY FIGHT
v IMMIGRATION QUOTA
(fizy gjfcciin Cable lo The Herald.) NK\V YOKK, Saturday. -Seventy-Iive
Russians w ill lu- deported to-day on T a \ e c board the Olympic as being in exoc^s «if
tlio quûta unless, a t the last' moment, T ar ii lialteas corpus proceedings are begun,
d 'avan i This is possible. as a Jew ish ilelega-tem ps tion has been lo Ottawa to seek permis-
sion tor the imm igrants to enter Ciuiady
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J
rSOCIÉTÉ DES NOTIONS
^ 'in u T commissariat pourLES RtrUQIftS RUSSES
DÉLÉanrioN p o u r vhutricm c
ET Lfl HOMORIC
S O . 9 5 5 6 / B . 4 8 7 0
Vir.MME, I.. MOHER MHRKT W75V \
l e 3 0 mai 1924
Vc* ’ Ay S o c ié té des Rat ions ,
Haut-C ommi s s a r i a t pour l e s Réfugiés ,
G E N E V E .
Un r é f u g i é r u s s e nommé Aron ZATCHIWER
s ' e s t a d r e s s é à moi avec l a p r i e r a de l a i f a c i
l i t e r 1 ' émigrat ion aux E t a t s - U n i s . I l es t dé j à
en posse ss ion de l ' a f f i d a v i t e t du b i l l e t de
ba te au comprenant l e voyage par t e r r e jusqu -à
Hambourg,mais ne peut a c tu e l le m en t pas ob te n ir
de vi sum ,l a quote d ' e n t r é e pour l e s personnes
nées en Russie é t a n t dé j à dé pa ss ée pour c e t t e
Dans ces c o n d i t i o n s , j e vous s e r a i s
r e c o n n a i s s a n t de b ie n v o u l o i r me f a i r e sav o ir
s ' i l ex i s t e en t re l e Haut-Commissar ia t des a r
rangements spéci au x con cerna nt 1' immigrat ion des
r é f u g i é s ru s se s en dehors de l a quote prévue
pour le s personnes nées en Russi e .
En a t t e n d a n t v o t r e r é p o n s e , e t en
vous en rem erc ia n t à l ' a v a n c e , j e vous p r i e d '
agr éer l ' a s s u r a t u ^ d e ma haute c o n s id é r a t i o n
L
Haut-C ouimissariatVIENNE
J
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4î)/aoa74./a.)a74.Oonfovo, lo 5 j u i n 192
1Oher ; om ilou r Reymond,
:n réponuo îi votre lettre no. 93B6/R.4870 en date
du 30 mal, par laquelle voue noun demandas do voue ful-
re auvolr bL lo liant Commlmmrlat bénéficie d'or.v.ngononts
opéoLaux relatifs b l'Immigration aux Btuts-î/nla de
réfugié» r.r üos en dehors de le. quote fixée pour lu
iuBBle, Je m'empreeee de voue Informer que lo Haut Oom-
mlu.;:.rlut n’a oonolu aucun arrangement h ou ujot.
Veuillez agréer, oher lionnlour Heymond, l'oxproe-
alon de rndii .ontimontü dévouée»
u t commliiourl'it lié fu i j lé o . /
• o n u le u r Henri :.ayrjonU,9, ohor harfct.
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LEAG UE O F N A T IO N S .S O C I É T É D E S N A T IO N S . ________________
[ C e t t e fe u i l le e s t r e s e r v é e à l 'u s a g e d u R eg is try .] 1i * .
Section No. Document No.
24 x
L is te d e s P i e c e s C o n te n u e s .
Expéditeur. I Date
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v *socn
V /■y e £-<-
SOCIETE DES NATIONS LEAGUE OF NATIONS
(Cette feuille est reservée à l’usage du Registry.)
1SECTION. SECTION No.
4*DOCUMENT No. DOSSIER No.
Liste des Pièces Contenues.
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