Russian & Central Asian Culture

Russian History and Russian History and CultureCulture

Eleanor JoyceEleanor JoyceCity of Salem SchoolsCity of Salem Schools

Salem, VirginiaSalem, VirginiaRev. by Cynthia JordanRev. by Cynthia JordanPhoebus High SchoolPhoebus High School

Russian HistoryRussian History► 1861: 1861: Serfs freedSerfs freed► 1904-05: 1904-05: War with JapanWar with Japan► 1917: 1917: Bolshevik Revolution, Czar overthrownBolshevik Revolution, Czar overthrown► 1924: 1924: Lenin diesLenin dies► 1924-53: 1924-53: Stalin in power, 30 million killed in Stalin in power, 30 million killed in

war/oppositionwar/opposition► 1939-45: 1939-45: World War II World War II —— “Great Patriotic War” “Great Patriotic War”► 1941-45: 1941-45: Russia allied with US/UKRussia allied with US/UK► 1953: 1953: Stalin dies, Khrushchev promotes “peaceful Stalin dies, Khrushchev promotes “peaceful

coexistence”coexistence”► 1955: 1955: Warsaw Pact formedWarsaw Pact formed► 1962: 1962: Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile Crisis► 1964: 1964: Brezhnev boots out KhrushchevBrezhnev boots out Khrushchev► 1985: 1985: Gorbachev becomes PremierGorbachev becomes Premier► 1991: 1991: U.S.S.R. breaks apart; Russian Federation U.S.S.R. breaks apart; Russian Federation

and CIS is and CIS is formedformed► 1991: 1991: Yeltsin becomes President of the newly Yeltsin becomes President of the newly

formed formed Russian FederationRussian Federation► 1993: 1993: New ConstitutionNew Constitution

Famous RussiansFamous Russians

►Tsar Peter the Great Tsar Peter the Great ►Alexander Pushkin, PoetAlexander Pushkin, Poet►Leo Tolstoy, Novelist & PhilosopherLeo Tolstoy, Novelist & Philosopher►Yuri Gargarin, 1Yuri Gargarin, 1stst human in space human in space

The Gorbachev Era (1985-91)The Gorbachev Era (1985-91)

►Reforms:Reforms:

Perestroika — economic restructuringPerestroika — economic restructuring Glasnost--opennessGlasnost--openness

Government: Moscow is Government: Moscow is CapitalCapital

The Kremlin is Russia's mythic refuge, a self-contained city with a multitude of palaces, armories, and churches — a medieval fortress that links the modern nation to its legendary past.

All photos from http://www.galenfrysinger.com/moscow_2001.htmno copyright

The Center of Russian The Center of Russian GovernmentGovernment

Red Square in MoscowRed Square in Moscow

http://www.coolfamily.com/Siberia/02%20Entering%20Red%20Square.JPGno copyright

An example of the rapidly built, pre-An example of the rapidly built, pre-fabricated, apartment complexes builtfabricated, apartment complexes built

throughout the Soviet Union during the rule of throughout the Soviet Union during the rule of the Communists to ensure all people had the Communists to ensure all people had

adequate housing. adequate housing.

http://www.marxists.org/history/ussr/art/photography/workers/index.htmUsed with permission

Completed apartment building. This is typical Completed apartment building. This is typical of hundreds of apartments built throughout of hundreds of apartments built throughout

the Soviet Union. The apartments were small the Soviet Union. The apartments were small and crowded. Families shared bathrooms. and crowded. Families shared bathrooms.


CultureCulture

The main religion in The main religion in Russia is Christian, and Russia is Christian, and the major denomination the major denomination is the Russian Orthodox is the Russian Orthodox Church. The church Church. The church architecture is architecture is distinguished by the distinguished by the presence of the onion presence of the onion dome. This photo is of dome. This photo is of St. Basil’s Cathedral in St. Basil’s Cathedral in Red Square in Moscow.Red Square in Moscow.

http://www.galenfrysinger.com/russia.htmno copyright

CultureCulture

Icons are displayed Icons are displayed on the walls and on on the walls and on special stands in the special stands in the Russian Orthodox Russian Orthodox Church to remind Church to remind believers about believers about Jesus Christ and Jesus Christ and events in his life and events in his life and about the saints.about the saints.

Mother of GodJesus Christ

People kiss icons and light candles in front of them to show that they love the person depicted in the icon. These actions are also signs of asking the person for help or for a blessing.

http://www.request.org.uk/main/churches/orthodox/christ.jpgNo copyright

CultureCulture

Bolshoy TheatreBolshoy Theatre

The Bolshoy is The Bolshoy is considered one of the considered one of the best opera and ballet best opera and ballet theatres in the world. theatres in the world. As with many other As with many other things, tickets are things, tickets are more expensive for more expensive for foreigners than for foreigners than for Russian citizens.Russian citizens.

http://www.nssnt.org/SpaceBallet_files/image005.jpgno copyright information

St. Petersburg RussiaSt. Petersburg Russia

►Gives Russia a port onGives Russia a port on

the Baltic Seathe Baltic Sea►““Jewel of Russia”Jewel of Russia”

Cathedral of Spilled Cathedral of Spilled

BloodBlood

St. PetersburgSt. Petersburg

►Chapel at Catherine’s PalaceChapel at Catherine’s Palace►Winter ChannelWinter Channel

Religion in the rest of the Religion in the rest of the regionregion

► Islam is the major religion in Islam is the major religion in Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, & Kazakhstan& Kazakhstan

Mosques & Minarets dot the cultural Mosques & Minarets dot the cultural landscape of the independent nationslandscape of the independent nations

►Minarets are generally Minarets are generally

tall, graceful spires, with tall, graceful spires, with

onion-shaped crowns, onion-shaped crowns,

usually either free standingusually either free standing

or much taller than any or much taller than any

surrounding support surrounding support

structure. structure.

CultureCulture The circus is popular in Russia.The circus is popular in Russia.

http://www.armory.com/~alexia/trip/moscow-jpg/Circus-Acrobat3.jpgPicture copyright 1997 Sandy and Bela Lubkin, all rights reserved.Used with permission

http://www.armory.com/~alexia/trip/moscow-jpg/Circus-Horses-1.jpghttp://www.armory.com/~alexia/trip/moscow-jpg/Circus-Horses-1.jpg

Picture copyright 1997 Sandy and Bela Lubkin, all rights reserved. Picture copyright 1997 Sandy and Bela Lubkin, all rights reserved.

Used with permissionUsed with permission

http://www.armory.com/~alexia/trip/moscow-jpg/Circus-Acrobat-2.jpgPicture copyright 1997 Sandy and Bela Lubkin, all rights reserved Used with permission

CultureCultureThis photograph depicts the art and architecture of the Moscow This photograph depicts the art and architecture of the Moscow metro. Here inside a metro station, a painted mural honors the metro. Here inside a metro station, a painted mural honors the workers.workers.

http://www.armory.com/~alexia/trip/moscow-jpg/MetroKomsomolskayaMural-2.jpgPicture copyright 1997 Sandy and Bela Lubkin, all rights reserved. Used with permission

CultureCulture

The Moscow metro stations compete with some of the most The Moscow metro stations compete with some of the most beautiful buildings in Moscow.beautiful buildings in Moscow.

Click this linkhttp://www.geocities.com/bmetro1/moscow.htmlto view photos of many beautiful metro stations in Moscow.

CultureCulture

Russian wooden dolls with smaller dolls nested inside them are called matrioshka. Among peasants, the name Matriosha was a very popular female name. This name has a Latin root, "mater," which means "Mother." It is associated with the image of the mother of a big peasant family who was very healthy and had a portly figure.

http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItem&item=2926072723&category=2391no copyright

Making the dollsMaking the dolls

CultureCulture

A samovar is an A samovar is an elaborate Russian elaborate Russian tea pot. Tea was tea pot. Tea was introduced to Russia introduced to Russia in the 17in the 17thth century century by the Mongols. Tea by the Mongols. Tea was first used as a was first used as a medicine for the medicine for the nobility.nobility.

http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItem&item=3517635552&category=4174No copyright information

CultureCulture Fabergé EggsFabergé Eggs

http://users.vnet.net/schulman/Faberge/eggs.html#illusno copyright

Around 1885, Russian jeweler Peter Carl Fabergé took the decoration of eggs to new heights. He volunteered to create a jewelry egg for Czar Alexander III to give his wife, Marie. Fabergé kept the egg a secret, but delighted the royal family with a jeweled looking "egg" that had tiny surprises made of gold, enamel, and precious gems inside.

Beautiful TapestriesBeautiful Tapestries

Weaving wool is part of theWeaving wool is part of the

Traditional crafts of the regionTraditional crafts of the region

Russian VillageRussian Village

http://www.coolfamily.com/Siberia/22%20Buryat%20village-Khuzhir.JPGno copyright

Siberian VillageSiberian Village

►Mountain VillageMountain Village

Another villageAnother village

►Notice how colorful the house isNotice how colorful the house is

Portable Yurts are homes for Portable Yurts are homes for nomads in Central Asianomads in Central Asia

http://www.dreamchange.org/library/yurt.jpgno copyright

Natural gas is Natural gas is transported transported through pipelines through pipelines in the taiga.in the taiga.

http://www.marxists.org/history/ussr/art/photography/workers/misc/used with permission for educational purposes

Shipping Natural Resources

Citizens at work in the USSRCitizens at work in the USSR

An assembly line worker works on the axle of a car. Workplaces in An assembly line worker works on the axle of a car. Workplaces in the Soviet Union provided more than just work the Soviet Union provided more than just work —— they also they also provided a variety of social services related to work and provided a variety of social services related to work and proactively built a sense of community among workers. proactively built a sense of community among workers. (circa 1980s)(circa 1980s)



►A worker A worker operates a operates a silk-spinning silk-spinning machine. machine.



A forklift operatorA forklift operator

(circa 1980s)(circa 1980s)



A worker and his family float timber A worker and his family float timber down a river. down a river. (circa 1950s)(circa 1950s)



Women working beside men lever a section of the Trans-Siberian Women working beside men lever a section of the Trans-Siberian Railroad track into place. In some places, the track cannot be used for Railroad track into place. In some places, the track cannot be used for two years because the permafrost will move and settle the tracks. two years because the permafrost will move and settle the tracks. The railway crosses seven mountain ranges and spans 3,700 gorges, The railway crosses seven mountain ranges and spans 3,700 gorges, swamps, streams, and rivers.swamps, streams, and rivers.


The results of unchecked The results of unchecked pollutionpollution

Magnitogorsk, Russia. 1993. On winter Sundays, men Magnitogorsk, Russia. 1993. On winter Sundays, men gather to drill fishing holes in the thick ice covering the Ural gather to drill fishing holes in the thick ice covering the Ural River. Knowing that the river is highly polluted by waste River. Knowing that the river is highly polluted by waste water from one of the world’s largest steel plants, they water from one of the world’s largest steel plants, they often sell their catch rather than consume it themselves.often sell their catch rather than consume it themselves.

http://www.digitaljournalist.org/issue9909/pollution01.htmPermission granted for educational purposes


Baku, Azerbaijan. 1993. With forests of oil rigs in their back yard, the children of suburban Baku have learned to use the vicious pools of runoff from dilapidated and leaky pumps as substitutes for missing playgrounds.



People collect kerosene that leaks from underground tanks. There is so much leaking kerosene that people have started to dig wells and ditches to collect about 600 liters per day. “Kerosene-exploration" has become a commercial venture. Students or pensioners are employed to work in shifts around the clock, and a certain percentage of the profit goes to the local mafia. A teacher said that the money he gets for two days of collecting kerosene equals his monthly salary.




In Novokuznetsk, Russia, KMK (Kuznetsk Metallurgical Kombinate), a huge steel plant and the main polluter in town, belches thick smoke filled with carbon monoxide into the Siberian sky.

Trans-Siberian RailroadTrans-Siberian Railroad

►Longest railway in the world: almost Longest railway in the world: almost 6000 miles long6000 miles long

►a network of railways connecting a network of railways connecting Moscow and European Russia with the Moscow and European Russia with the Russian Far East provinces, Mongolia, Russian Far East provinces, Mongolia, China and the Sea of Japan. China and the Sea of Japan.

Map of Trans Siberian Map of Trans Siberian RailwayRailway

►Amur Baikal Main Line is in green.Amur Baikal Main Line is in green.

Many Diverse Ethnic GroupsMany Diverse Ethnic Groups

►RussiansRussians►KazakhsKazakhs►UzbeksUzbeks►TurkmenTurkmen►AzerbaijanisAzerbaijanis

RussiansRussians

► Veterans of the Cold WarVeterans of the Cold War► Russian BasketballRussian Basketball► School ChildrenSchool Children

More RussiansMore Russians

►Russians sun bathing at a wall and, Russians sun bathing at a wall and, yes, that is snow!yes, that is snow!

KazakhsKazakhs►ShepherdShepherd► Nomad with horseNomad with horse

and camelsand camels►Yurt and Women Yurt and Women

praying in Yurtpraying in Yurt

UzbeksUzbeks

►ManyMany

FacesFaces

TurkmenTurkmen

►Veterans, Traders, Bride, Veterans, Traders, Bride,

Young girl and old manYoung girl and old man

Look at those hats!Look at those hats!

►Turkmen Telpek- A skullcap covered Turkmen Telpek- A skullcap covered withwith

lamb’s woollamb’s wool

AzerbaijanisAzerbaijanis►Men at mosqueMen at mosque►Aziza Mustafa ZadehAziza Mustafa Zadeh

jazz singerjazz singer►Women shoppingWomen shopping

Russian & Central Asian Culture

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