Russia under Mongol Rule

Ivan the Great (r. 1462-1505)

Ivan III Tearing the Great Khan’s Letter Requesting More Tribute in 1480.

Moving East

• Gained independence from the Mongols

• Russia moved east through Siberia

• Ivan IV (The Terrible)

• Continued the policy of expansion

• by conquest

• Establishing contacts in the west

• Increased the power of the tsar by killing many of the boyars (nobility)

• Cossacks – Peasant adventurers with agricultural and military skills recruited to conquer and settle in newly seized lands in southern Russia and Siberia

“Time of Troubles” – • Ivan IV leaves no heir• Boyars try to regain power • Try to keep out foreign invasion

Ended with the selection of Michael Romanov as tsar in 1613

Michael Romanov (r. 1613-1645)

Power Struggle• As the power of the tzar rose, the

freedom of Russian peasants fell

Peter the Great (r. 1689-1725) • Peter I (the Great) –

Tzar from 1689-1725;

• Abolustist

• Conquerer

Russia & Sweden After the Great Northern War

Peter the Great wanted a port on the Baltic Sea

• Peter’s capitol moved to the Baltic city of St. Petersburg.

• The bureaucracy and military were reorganized on Western principles

• Reduced the role of the Boyars in the government and military

Fight Against the Ottomans

• Tried to gain control of Constantinople (Istanbul)

Summarize:

What is the significance of Peter the Great’s rule? Identify and explain at least two details in your response.