Russia~ Suppression of Liberalism

Lecture # 4

Understand how Conservative nations deal with Liberal ideas in the east

4 Army came into contact w/ liberal ideas (enlightenment) during the Nap. Wars.

4Formed secret societies

4 Czar Alexander I died suddenly (repressive)

He had no direct heir Constantine renounced claim to

throne

• Nicholas named new Czar

Liberal ideas…

The Decembrist Revolt, 1825

• Troops were suppose to take an oath– Refused~ wanted a constitution & Constantine

• Nicholas ordered cavalry to attack (60 killed, over 100 exiled to Siberia)

• Results:– The 1st rebellion with specific political goals– Came to symbolize the dreams of all Russian liberals

• Nicholas was determined to keep his power =No Reforms ~ Iron Czar– Serfdom was bad but necessary

Polish Nationalism – 1830 (Bloodiest struggle)

Polish Nationalism – 1830 (Bloodiest struggle)

4 Congress of Vienna ~ Poland gained special status within the Russian Empire

Their own constitution (sovereignty)

Tsars constantly infringed upon rights causing revolt

4 Nicholas I sent troops in to suppress revolts (1 year)

4 Organic Statute~ Poland integral to Russia

Belgian Independence, 1831

Belgian Independence, 18314 Its union with Holland after the Congress of Vienna was

not successful (different lan., religion, & economy)

4 Rioting between the groups broke out

4 King William I (Holland) intervened against Belgian

4Liberal Belgian constitution & independence 1831

4 Treaty of London

4 Protected Belgium’s neutrality (1839)

The Great Reform Bill (Britain-1832)

• Liberalism~ Expanded the size of the vote by 50% (not democratic)– Property & Gender

qualification• Allowed them to avoid

rev.

The Results of the 1820s-1830 Revolutions

The Results of the 1820s-1830 Revolutions

1. The Concert of Europe provided recovery for Europe after Revolution & Napoleon

2. The conservatives did NOT reverse ALL of the reforms caused by the Fr. Rev.

3. Liberalism would challenge the conservative plan for European peace, law, and order.

4. These revolutions were successful only in W. Europe

5. The successful revs had benefited the middle class not the workers

left working class unsatisfied

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3rd period5th perio

d

In the period 1815-1900, political liberalization progressed much further in western Europe than

in Russia. Analyze the social and economic reasons for this difference.

• W. Europe• Social~• Economic~

• E. Europe (Russia)• Social~• Economic~

Define: political liberalization