RussiaRussia

monarchsmonarchs

• Ivan IV (Ivan the Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible) 1547-1584Terrible) 1547-1584

• First to assume title of First to assume title of tsartsar

• Battled boyars for powerBattled boyars for power

• Zemsky Sobor – council Zemsky Sobor – council of noblesof nobles

• 1552 defeated Kazan 1552 defeated Kazan KhanateKhanate

• succeeded by son succeeded by son FeodorFeodor

• Feodor I 1584-1598 – last Feodor I 1584-1598 – last reigning Rirkids/Rurik Dynastyreigning Rirkids/Rurik Dynasty

• (no picture)(no picture)

• Failure to have children led to Time Failure to have children led to Time of Troublesof Troubles

• Succeeded by brother-in-law Boris Succeeded by brother-in-law Boris GodunovGodunov

• Boris Godunov Boris Godunov 1598-16051598-1605

• Russian Orthodox Russian Orthodox Church gained Church gained independence from independence from patriarch in patriarch in ConstantinopleConstantinople

• succeeded by son succeeded by son Feodor IIFeodor II

1960s Cold War Cartoon 1960s Cold War Cartoon “Rocky and Bullwinkle”“Rocky and Bullwinkle”

• As Rocky the Flying As Rocky the Flying Squirrel and Squirrel and Bullwinkle J. Moose Bullwinkle J. Moose worked for the US worked for the US during the Cold during the Cold War – their Soviet War – their Soviet counterparts were counterparts were Boris Badenov and Boris Badenov and Natasha Fatale and Natasha Fatale and Fearless LeaderFearless Leader

• Feodor II 1605Feodor II 1605 – – murdered by murdered by boyars soon after boyars soon after taking powertaking power

• succeeded by False succeeded by False Dmitri Dmitri

• "False" Dmitri "False" Dmitri 1605-16061605-1606

• Imposter who Imposter who claimed to be son claimed to be son of Ivan IV – of Ivan IV – overthrown and overthrown and murderedmurdered

• Vasili IV 1606-Vasili IV 1606-16101610 – assumed – assumed power after death power after death of False Dmitri - of False Dmitri - overthrownoverthrown

• TIME OF TROUBLES TIME OF TROUBLES years of political years of political chaos with few real chaos with few real rulers and invasion rulers and invasion of the nation by of the nation by Poles, Swedes, and Poles, Swedes, and internal uprisingsinternal uprisings

• Seven Boyars 1610Seven Boyars 1610• Wladyslaw IV Vasa Wladyslaw IV Vasa

1610-16121610-1612 – elected – elected tsar – never took titletsar – never took title

• INTERREGNUM INTERREGNUM

• HOUSE OF HOUSE OF ROMANOVROMANOV

• Michael I 1613-Michael I 1613-1645 1645 – elected tsar – elected tsar by national by national assembly 1613assembly 1613

• Succeeded by his Succeeded by his son Alexis son Alexis

• Aleksei/Alexis/Aleksei/Alexis/Alexei 1645-1676Alexei 1645-1676

• succeeded by his succeeded by his son Feodor III son Feodor III

• Feodor III 1676-1682Feodor III 1676-1682• Abandoned "place priority" Abandoned "place priority"

– burned pedigree books– burned pedigree books• His death led to the His death led to the

Moscow Streltsy Uprising – Moscow Streltsy Uprising – based in part on rivalries based in part on rivalries between the families of between the families of Alexis I's wives – led to the Alexis I's wives – led to the joint rule of two of Alexis joint rule of two of Alexis I's sons.I's sons.

• succeeded by his brother succeeded by his brother Ivan V and his half-brother Ivan V and his half-brother Peter I as joint rulersPeter I as joint rulers

• Ivan V 1682-1696 – Ivan V 1682-1696 – joint ruler with Peter joint ruler with Peter II

• Initial rule was in the Initial rule was in the hands of the sister of hands of the sister of the two boys the two boys Sophia Sophia AlekseyevnaAlekseyevna

• Power was actually in Power was actually in Peter's handsPeter's hands

• succeeded by his half-succeeded by his half-brother Peter the Great brother Peter the Great

• Peter I 1682-1721 PETER THE Peter I 1682-1721 PETER THE GREAT – title EMPEROR 1721-GREAT – title EMPEROR 1721-17251725

• WESTERNIZATIONWESTERNIZATION• Brought Russia from Muscovite Brought Russia from Muscovite

Russia to European RussiaRussia to European Russia• Early fear of StreltsyEarly fear of Streltsy• Expansionism: Tatars, Kiev, Expansionism: Tatars, Kiev,

Crimean Khan, and Ottoman Crimean Khan, and Ottoman SultanateSultanate

• Azov CampaignAzov Campaign• Grand Embassy 1697Grand Embassy 1697• 1698 Streltsy Rebellion1698 Streltsy Rebellion• GREAT NORTHERN WARGREAT NORTHERN WAR• St. PetersburgSt. Petersburg• Succeeded by his wife Catherine ISucceeded by his wife Catherine I

• Catherine I 1725-Catherine I 1725-17271727

• wife of Peter Iwife of Peter I

• humble origins – humble origins – given power when given power when Peter I failed to Peter I failed to name successorname successor

• Peter II 1727-1730Peter II 1727-1730• grandson of Peter I grandson of Peter I

through his son Alexei through his son Alexei PetrovichPetrovich

• ignored by Peter I and ignored by Peter I and Catherine I – died of Catherine I – died of small pox – his wife small pox – his wife was pushed into his was pushed into his bed while he lay dying bed while he lay dying of small pox in an of small pox in an attempt to produce an attempt to produce an heirheir

• succeeded by his succeeded by his cousin Annacousin Anna

• Anna 1730-1740 Anna 1730-1740

• daughter of Ivan Vdaughter of Ivan V

• Ruled through Ruled through secret policesecret police

• War of Polish War of Polish SuccessionSuccession

• Succeeded by her Succeeded by her grandnephew Ivan grandnephew Ivan VIVI

• Ivan VI 1740-Ivan VI 1740-17411741

• great-grandson of great-grandson of Ivan VIvan V

• overthrown at age overthrown at age one – coup d'etatone – coup d'etat

• as the "nameless as the "nameless one" murdered one" murdered 17641764

• Elizabeth 1741-Elizabeth 1741-17621762 daughter of daughter of Peter the Great Peter the Great

• Took power in coup Took power in coup d'etatd'etat

• War of Austrian War of Austrian SuccessionSuccession

• Seven Years' WarSeven Years' War• Arch enemy of Arch enemy of

Frederick the Great of Frederick the Great of PrussiaPrussia

• succeeded by her succeeded by her nephew Peter IIInephew Peter III

• Peter III 1762Peter III 1762• son of Anna Petrovna – son of Anna Petrovna –

daughter of Peter the daughter of Peter the Great and Catherine IGreat and Catherine I

• Mentally "immature" at Mentally "immature" at bestbest

• Pro-PrussiaPro-Prussia• Hated wife and her alliesHated wife and her allies• Overthrown and murdered Overthrown and murdered

by Grigori Orlov his wife's by Grigori Orlov his wife's military lover – succeeded military lover – succeeded by his wife Catherine II by his wife Catherine II

• Catherine II – CATHERINE Catherine II – CATHERINE THE GREAT 1762-1796THE GREAT 1762-1796

• born Sophie Augusta born Sophie Augusta Fredericka von Anhalt-ZerbstFredericka von Anhalt-Zerbst

• Assumed power in coup d'etat Assumed power in coup d'etat after revolt of the Leib Guardafter revolt of the Leib Guard

• EXPANSION – in all directionsEXPANSION – in all directions• 1st Russo-Turkish War 17681st Russo-Turkish War 1768• 2nd Russo-Turkish War 17872nd Russo-Turkish War 1787• Russo-Swedish War 1788Russo-Swedish War 1788• Partition of PolandPartition of Poland• Grigori PotemkinGrigori Potemkin• Enlightened DespotEnlightened Despot• The HermitageThe Hermitage• Succeeded by son Paul ISucceeded by son Paul I

• Paul I 1796-1801Paul I 1796-1801

• Pauline LawsPauline Laws

• Second Coalition Second Coalition against Napoleonagainst Napoleon

• Assassinated – Assassinated – probably with probably with knowledge of son and knowledge of son and heir Alexander Iheir Alexander I

• Succeeded by son Succeeded by son Alexander I Alexander I

• Alexander I 1801-1825Alexander I 1801-1825• Attempted political and social Attempted political and social

reformreform• Relations with Napoleon:Relations with Napoleon:• Tilsit 1807Tilsit 1807• Treaty of Vienna 1810Treaty of Vienna 1810• 1812 Napoleon's 1812 Napoleon's

invasion of Russiainvasion of Russia• Troppau ProtocolTroppau Protocol• Congress of ViennaCongress of Vienna• Holy AllianceHoly Alliance• Revolt of the GreeksRevolt of the Greeks• His death and the refusal of his His death and the refusal of his

brother Konstantin to take power brother Konstantin to take power led tot eh DECEMBRIST REVOLTled tot eh DECEMBRIST REVOLT

• Succeeded by his brother(s) Succeeded by his brother(s) Konstantin and Nicholas IKonstantin and Nicholas I

• (Konstantin (Konstantin Pavlovich Pavlovich Nov.-Dec. Nov.-Dec. 1825 – renounced 1825 – renounced throne)throne)

• son of Paul Ison of Paul I

• – – his his renunciation of renunciation of throne led to the throne led to the DECEMBRIST DECEMBRIST REVOLTREVOLT

• Nicholas I 1825-1855Nicholas I 1825-1855• Decembrist RevoltDecembrist Revolt• RussificationRussification• Secret policeSecret police• Pan-SlavismPan-Slavism• Crimean WarCrimean War• Married Charlotte of Married Charlotte of

Prussia – daughter of Prussia – daughter of Frederick William III of Frederick William III of PrussiaPrussia

• Succeeded by son Succeeded by son Alexander II Alexander II

• Alexander II 1855-Alexander II 1855-18811881

• Grandson of Frederick Grandson of Frederick William III of PrussiaWilliam III of Prussia

• Crimean WarCrimean War• Emancipation of the Emancipation of the

serfs – Emancipation serfs – Emancipation Edict 1861Edict 1861

• Assassinated by Assassinated by nihilists in St. nihilists in St. PetersburgPetersburg

• Succeeded by his son Succeeded by his son Alexander IIIAlexander III

• Alexander III 1881-1894Alexander III 1881-1894• married Dagmar (Marie) of married Dagmar (Marie) of

Denmark – daughter of Denmark – daughter of Christian IX of DenmarkChristian IX of Denmark

• Pogroms – Pale of Pogroms – Pale of SettlementSettlement

• Secret policeSecret police• Pan-SlavismPan-Slavism• Treaty of San StefanoTreaty of San Stefano• BulgariaBulgaria• zemstvozemstvo• Succeeded by son Nicholas Succeeded by son Nicholas

IIII

• Nicholas II 1894-1917 Nicholas II 1894-1917 abdicated executed 1918abdicated executed 1918

• Married Alix (Alexandra) of Married Alix (Alexandra) of Hesse – granddaughter of Hesse – granddaughter of Queen VictoriaQueen Victoria

• PogromsPogroms• Trans-Siberian RailwayTrans-Siberian Railway• Russo-Japanese WarRusso-Japanese War• October ManifestoOctober Manifesto• DumaDuma• Revolution of 1905Revolution of 1905• Tsarevich AlexeiTsarevich Alexei• RasputinRasputin• WORLD WAR ONEWORLD WAR ONE• Nicky-Willy TelegramsNicky-Willy Telegrams• February RevolutionFebruary Revolution