Russell Jackson, NOAA Pacific Services Center, July 29, 2007 UW Educational Outreach – Tsunami...

Sponsored by NOAA and USAID under the U.S. Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System Program

Russell Jackson, NOAA Pacific Services Center, July 29, 2007UW Educational Outreach – Tsunami Science & Preparedness Program (Su 07)

Coastal Community Resilience

Initiative under the U.S. Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning

System Program (US-IOTWS)

Russell Jackson

NOAA Pacific Services Center



Outline

• 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami

• US Contribution to the Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System ( US IOTWS) Program

• US IOTWS Coastal Community Resilience Initiative



December 2004 Sumatra Tsunami



Strengthening “end-to-end” tsunami warning capabilities in the Indian Ocean region—from advanced technologies to resilient communities.



Coastal Community Resilience Initiative



Coastal Community Resilience Initiative

• Unique Partnership – Core Team– NOAA (US Government)

– Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (International NGO)

– University of Rhode Island’s Coastal Resources Center (Academia)

– Tetra Tech, Inc. (Private Sector)



is the flip side of



Absorb shockBounce back Learning/adaptation



• Coastal populations dramatically increasing (leading towards more demographic vulnerabilities)

The Context for Coastal Disasters



• Coastal Counties comprise 17% of US land area and account for 52% of total population (139 million people)

• Projected increase by 26 million between now and 2015

• Many of these people have not experienced a coastal hazard

U.S. Coastal Population Growth

Does your country have population growth issues in high-hazard areas? What hazards are you dealing with?



The Context for Coastal Disasters• Climate change is anticipated to increase the coastal hazard threat

trends (sea level rise, floods, storm – both intensity & frequency)



More information: www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/reports/billionz.html



The Context for Coastal Disasters• New problems of “mega disasters” emerging

Hurricane Katrina



The Context for Coastal Disasters• Disasters are undermining years of development efforts



The Context for Coastal Disasters• Increase in anthropogenic and human induced

vulnerabilities



Not Just a U.S. Problem!

• Earthquakes• Tsunamis• Volcanic Eruptions• Tropical Cyclones• Typhoons• Flooding• Drought• Technological Hazards

What are the Hazards Problems?

Events and Costs

• Indian Ocean Tsunami; 2004 ~ $20 billion (USD)

• Hurricane Katrina 2005 ~ $125 billion (USD)

• Kobe, Japan earthquake; 1995 ~ $132 billion (USD)



Why is this needed?



Defining “Resilience”

“the potential of a particular configuration of a system to: maintain its structure/function in the face of disturbance, and the ability of the system to re-organize following disturbance-driven change . . .

(Louis Lebel, 2001)

“the capacity to survive, adapt and recover from a natural disaster.

(IFRC, 2004)



Goals of Coastal Community Resilience



Domains in practice

Disaster Management

Community Development

Coastal Management

Resilience



Elements of Coastal Community Resilience



Governance– Leadership, systems, and institutions

appropriate to the community that support actions to promote resilience

Good Governance is sustained when all stakeholders can

envision the path toward a desired future outcome Strategic Vision



Hawaii



Hilo



Example of a good Governance practice– The redevelopment of Hilo, Hawaii after devastating tsunamis was

guided by a strategic vision to mitigate future tsunami hazards. After the 1960 tsunami hit, a Hilo Downtown Development Plan was developed calling for major changes in the recovery of the area.

– It took strong leadership from government, elected officials, and the community to implement the drastic changes the redevelopment plan identified.



Risks Knowledge– An understanding of risks from coastal natural

disasters a community faces and its vulnerability to disasters



Example of a good Risk Knowledge practice

Historical tsunami impacts and tsunami inundation models were used as inputs into the creation of the redevelopment plan in Hilo, Hawaii.

To ensure public access to the data, the State of Hawaii was the first to publish the Tsunami Evacuation Zone Maps in the phone book. They now make them available on the internet.



Land Use Management and Structures– Active management of land uses in the community

that allow development to be directed away from environmentally sensitive and vulnerable areas

By steering particular land uses away from vulnerable areas and encouraging their development in less hazard prone locations, the risk to individuals and livelihoods is reduced.



Land Use Management and Structures– Zoning, building codes, and infrastructure

development guidelines that reduce exposure to coastal natural disaster risks

When particular types of development do occur in vulnerable areas, structural design can be an effective way to absorb the shock of coastal hazards.



Example of a good Land Use Management and Structural Design practice

– Hilo, Hawaii redevelopment plan.



Hilo Challenges: Relocation of Vital Infrastructure

Sewage Treatment Plant in Tsunami Flood Zone - relocated

Airport in Tsunami Flood Zone



Mitigation through Tsunami Resistant Construction (Condo in tsunami flood zone with wash-through lower floors)



Coastal Resources Management– Active management of renewable resources and

protection of habitat and features that sustain those resources and buffer communities from natural disasters

Coastal resources provide many valuable and sustainable services to communities (food, economic development, biodiversity, protection from coastal hazards, etc.), if managed and protected properly through CRM, coastal resources can continue providing these services.



Example of a good Coastal Resources Management practice

– Hilo, Hawaii redevelopment plan.



School in Tsunami Flood Zone turned into Public Park



Former Business Area turned into Public Park



Socio-economy and Livelihoods– Prosperous, sustainable, diverse economies and

livelihoods that allow communities to help themselves before, during, and after disasters



Canoe paddling and Surfing

Added new sustainable coastal resource based recreational/economic opportunities



Hilo, Hawaii redevelopment plan– Created addressing all of the elements

• Governance• Risk Knowledge• Land Use Management and Structural Design • Coastal Resource Management• Socio-economies and Livelihoods

Strategic Vision

Ecosystem-based

tourism



Warning and Evacuation– Ability to receive alerts and notifications of coastal hazards

and to warn and evacuate at-risk populations



Emergency Response and Disaster Recovery– Ability of a community to mobilize to manage coastal

disasters with minimal dependence on outside assistance

– Ability of a community to manage post-disaster assistance



Components of the CCR SystemResilience Benchmarks & Assessment

• Strengths

• Weaknesses

• Unknowns

Gaps & Priority

Identification

Resource & Opportunity Evaluation

Phased Action Plan

0

1

2

3

4Governance

Socio-economy

CRM

Land Use

Risk Knowledge

Warning & Evacuation

Response

Recovery

Resilience Scoring

Implementation & Monitoring



An enabling environment for

resilience



Old Model

Disaster Management

Groups

Community Development

Groups

Ecological and Environmental

Groups

Disaster Mang.

Community Development CRM

Isolated community

focus

E. g. IFRC E.g. CARE E. g. WWF



Ideal State

Disaster Management

Groups

Community Development Groups

Ecological and Environmental

Groups

Community resilience

Governance

Socio-economy &Livelihoods

Coastal ResourceManagement

Land Use Management &Structures

Risk Knowledge

Warning & Evacuation

Emergency Response

Disaster Recovery

E. g. IFRC E.g. CAREE. g. WWF

CCR Framework

Integrated DRR and resilience building at community level



Indonesia - September, 2006

Evolving CCR Initiative...

Concept development

Training and capacity material development

Sri Lanka – October, 2006

India (Tamil Nadu) – Nov, 2006Thailand (Ranong) – Dec, 2006

Guidebook development

Capacity development of national partners

Sharing of implementation experiences by the partners

Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Thailand - Feb-June, 2007

Indonesia – August 2007

National workshops and partnering

Community level field testing

National training and capacity development of partners

Regional workshops

Regional workshop and dissemination



Future Plans• Expansion to other countries

within the Indian Ocean Region.

• Adaptation and modification of the US IOTWS Coastal Community Resilience Guide and Assessment Tool for U.S. Pacific Islands.

– Utilize lessons learned from the Indian Ocean Region to help enhance our resilience.



Thank You!Contact:

Russell Jackson, Coastal Hazards Program Coordinator

NOAA Pacific Services Center737 Bishop Street, Suite 1550

Honolulu, Hawaii 96813Ph: (808) 522-2299

[email protected]

Thank You!Contact:

Russell Jackson, Coastal Hazards Program Coordinator

NOAA Pacific Services Center737 Bishop Street, Suite 1550

Honolulu, Hawaii 96813Ph: (808) 522-2299

[email protected]

Russell Jackson, NOAA Pacific Services Center, July 29, 2007 UW Educational Outreach – Tsunami...

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