Rural and Urban Differences The New Urban Scene 1920 census: 51.2% of Americans in communities of...
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Rural and Urban Differences
The New Urban Scene• 1920 census: 51.2% of Americans in communities
of 2,500 or more• 1922–1929, nearly 2 million people leave farms,
towns each year• Largest cities are New York, Chicago, Philadelphia
- 65 other cities with 100,000 people or more• In 1920s, people caught between rural, urban
cultures- close ties, hard work, strict morals of small towns- anonymous crowds, moneymaking, pleasure seeking of cities
Changing Ways of Life1SECTION
Ch. 21
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Cola leaf extract and coca nut juice
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Two “soft” drinks as rivals, but Devil = “hard” liquor
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By the numbers: Soda’s rank among all beverages consumed in
U.S. = 1 Soda’s percentage by volume of all beverages
consumed in U.S. = 26% Ounces of soda consumed per person annually in
U.S. = 6,080 Part of a larger debate about “junk food”
taxes” and “fat taxes”, as well as other “sin taxes”
A tax of a penny per ounce would raise $15 billion in one year
CEO of Coca-Cola: “outrageous idea … it never works where a government tells people what to eat and what to drink”
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“Great American Temperance Drink”
“cure” dyspepsia and relieve peptic ulcers
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Triangular trade, Whiskey Rebellion, “Alcoholic Republic”
War vs. Drink Puritans: pleasure = sin “Maine Law” Progressive movement
Crime, abuse, accidents, disease
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The Prohibition Experiment• 18th Amendment launches Prohibition era
- supported by religious groups, rural South, West• Prohibition—production, sale, transportation of
alcohol illegal• Government does not budget enough money to
enforce the law1919 Volstead Act to implement and enforce
.5%Increased visits to church and doctor
“Great social and economic experiment” OR “drunkenness driven indoors”?
continued Rural and Urban Differences
Ch. 211
SECTION
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Speakeasies and Bootleggers• Speakeasies (hidden saloons, nightclubs) become
fashionable• People distill liquor, buy prescription alcohol,
sacramental wine• Bootleggers smuggle alcohol from surrounding
countries
continued Rural and Urban Differences
1SECTION
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Speakeasy
Bootlegging
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“moonlighting”
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Alcohol Funny Car
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continued Rural and Urban Differences
Organized Crime• Prohibition contributes to organized crime in
major cities• Al Capone controls Chicago liquor business by
killing competitors • By mid-1920s, only 19% support Prohibition• 18th Amendment in force until 1933; repealed by
21st Amendment
Ch. 20 1SECTION
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bJdKK6L8Z2o
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SLUlqkguf9k stop at 4:30
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Liberal vs. Conservative Progressive vs. traditionalist Blue state vs. Red state
Wet vs. Dry Immigration vs. Nativism Urban vs. Rural Blacks vs. Whites “New Woman” vs. old-fashioned family
values Science vs. Religion
Protestants vs. Catholics The German term, Kulturkampf, was coined to
describe the clash between cultural and religious groups in the campaign from 1871 to 1878 under Otto von Bismarck vs. influence of Catholic Church
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Science and Religion Clash
American Fundamentalism• Fundamentalism—movement based on literal
interpretation of Bible • Fundamentalists skeptical of some scientific
discoveries, theories- reject theory of evolution
• Believe all important knowledge can be found in Bible• Fundamentalist preachers lead religious revivals in
South, West- Billy Sunday holds emotional meetings- Aimee Semple McPherson uses showmanship while preaching on radio
Ch. 21 1SECTION
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continued Science and Religion Clash
The Scopes Trial• 1925, Tennessee passes law making it a crime to teach
evolution• American Civil Liberties Union backs John T. Scopes
challenge of law• Clarence Darrow, most famous trial lawyer of day, defends
Scopes• Fundamentalist William Jennings Bryan is special
prosecutor• Scopes trial—debates evolution, role of science, religion in
school- national sensation; thousands attend
• Bryan admits Bible open to interpretation; Scopes found guilty
Ch. 21 1SECTION
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-TObzZWVDHU&feature=related 1 min
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l5Kdc0LLSW8&feature=related 3 mins
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Intelligent Design
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