Run On Sentences
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Transcript of Run On Sentences
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What is a run-on sentence?
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A run-on sentence is… a sentence that consists of
two independent clauses that are connected
with punctuation that is unconventional or with no punctuation between them.
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What is an independent clause?
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An independent clause is one that…
stands by itself as a simple, complete sentence.
contains a subjectcontains a predicate (verb)
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EXAMPLES OF INDEPENDENT CLAUSES
John walks.
Cats and dogs sleep a lot.
The room was huge and airy.
The presidential elections caused much consternation for voters this year.
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Types of run-on sentences
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FUSED
There is NO punctuation between the two independent clauses
Obama was one of the candidates for U. S. president he won the election.
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COMMA SPLICESThere is a COMMA placed between the two
independent clauses
Obama held his acceptance speech at Grant Park in Chicago, there were thousands ofadmirers in attendance at the event.
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Is this a run-on sentence? Obama used the Internet to reach out to
many people, consequently many people voted for him.
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YES! The word consequently is a conjunctive
(connecting) adverb which cannot be used to connect two independent clauses.
Sometimes comma splices are created in this way.
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CORRECTING RUN-ONS USING CONVENTIONAL
PUNCTUATION
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ONE
SEPARATE THE INDEPENDENT CLAUSES INTO TWO SENTENCES
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TWO
JOIN THE INDEPENDENT CLAUSES WITH A SEMICOLON OR COLON
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THREE
CONNECT THE INDEPENDENT CLAUSES WITH A COMMA AND A COORDINATING CONJUNCTION.
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Coordinating conjunctions
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FOUR
MAKE ONE OF THE INDEPENDENT CLAUSES INTO A DEPENDENT
CLAUSE A dependent clause cannot stand on its own.
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DEPENDENT CLAUSES
Adjective clauses
Adverb clauses
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Adjective clauses consist of RELATIVE PRONOUNS + PREDICATE
who used the Internet
which was on the Internet
that caused much consternation
whose use of the Internet
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Adverb clauses consist ofSUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION +
SUBJECT + PREDICATE after Obama won the election
although the election caused much consternation
before people votedwhen Obama won
while the elections were going on
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FIVE
RESTRUCTURE THE TWO INDEPENDENT CLAUSES INTO ONE
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
Turn one of the independent clauses into a phrase thatmodifies the subject in the other independent clause.
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SUMMARYSeparate the two independent clauses into two
separate sentences by adding a period.
Use a colon or semicolon to connect one independent clause to the other.
Use a comma and a coordinating conjunction to connect the two independent clauses.
Make one independent clause into a dependent clause by using relative pronouns or
subordinating conjunctions.
Restructure the independent clauses into one independent clause.
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Adapted by K. Wykes from:
Wysocki, Anne Francis. The DK Handbook.
New York: Pearson Education, 2009.