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RUMEN MICROBIAL

TOLERANCE TO THE USEOF Jatropha curcasMEAL

Ir. Anita S. Tjakradidjaja, MRur.Sc.Dr. Ir. Komang G. Wiryawan

Azimatul Ulya, SPt.

Faculty of Animal Science

Bogor Agricultural University

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INTRODUCTION

1. Limitation in availability of fossil fuel searching other

sources : oil produced from non-edible plants

JatrophacurcasL. = biodiesel

2. Byproducts of oil extraction seed meal (seed cake)

1 ton/ha byproduct from 5 ton seed/ha = potential in its

production (Makkar & Becker, 2000)3. Nutrient content : depend on inclusion of seed coat during

oil extraction

1. without seed coat high CP & EE contents, low CF content

2. with seed coat lower CP & EE contents, higher CF content

= potential use as protein supplement

4. Limitations : antinutrients/toxins : curcin & phorbolester

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Table 1. Nutrient composition J. curcas

Nutrient Without

seed coat

With

seed coat

Seed coat

Dry matter (%) 86.26 89.71 88.31

Ash (%) 7.71 5.20 4.22

Crude prot. (%) 37.56 24.28 10.21

Ether extrt. (%) 35.02 15.99 5.71

Crude fibr. (%) 7.23 38.49 59.62

N free extr. (%) 12.47 16.06 20.24

NDF (%) 16.30 57.64 93.40ADF (%) 15.86 46.78 80.90

Lignin (%) 4.51 23.98 46.00

Tjakradidjaja et al. (2007)

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Table 2. Antinutrients in J. curcas

Antinutrients Toxic variety Non toxic variety

Phorbolester (mg/g kernel) 2.79 0.11

Total phenols

(% tannic acid equiv)

0.36 0.22

Tannin (% tannic acid equiv) 0.04 0.02

Phytat (% DM) 9.40 8.90

Saponin (% diosgenin equiv) 2.60 3.40

Trypsin inhibtr (mg trpsininhibited/g sample)

21.3 26.5

Lektin (1/mg substance causinghemaglutination/ml mediumassay)

102 51

Makkar et al. (1998)

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5. Ruminants :

1. microbes in rumen able to degrade CF bacteria & fungi

2. ability to degrade CF varies among microbes & ruminantsadaptation to feed

6. Also differ in degrading antinutrients/toxins presence in feed1. mimosine S. jonesii rumen bacterium degrading mimosine

- overcoming problem of mimosine toxicity

2. other antinutrients : tannin & DABA3. adaptation to feed - important

4. possible also occur to antinutrients/toxins from J. curcasmeal

Aim of experimentTo study tolerance of rumen microbes from differentruminants to J. curcas antinutrients/toxins

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MATERIALS & METHODS

Treatments :

1. Faktor A : Rumen fluid sources - 4Cattle, Buffalo, Goat & Sheep

2. Faktor B : Incubation period 50, 3, 6, 9, & 12

Experimental design :

Factorial randomised block design 4 x 5Rumen fluids from 3 animals for each species = block

Data analysis : Anova & Contrast Orthogonal Variables

1. Fermentability Tilley & Terry method (1963) Sutardi (1979)

[NH3] microdiffusion Conway; [VFA] steam distillation2. Bacterial & protozoal populations Ogimoto & Imai (1981)

3. DM & OM degradabilities Tilley & Terry method (1963) Sutardi (1979) proximate analysis DM & OM content

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Prosedur :

- Fermentability study

1. mix ground feed sample (1 g) + buffer soln (12 ml) + RF (8 ml)2. put in fermentor tube & gas with CO2 (anerob)

3. incubate in shaker bath at 39 oC 0, 3, 6, 9 & 12 h

4. take sample for bacterial & protozoal population

5. stop fermentation (+ HgCl2)

6. centrifuge 3 000 rpm 10 min

7. take supernatant for determining [NH3] & [VFA]

1. [NH3] microdiffusion Conway

2. [VFA] steam distillation

8. use residue for analysing DM and OM contents1. DM content oven 105 oC 24 h

2. OM content ash content furnace oven 600 oC 6 8 h

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RESULTS & DISCUSSION

Effects of treatment factors :

1. Rumen fluid sources

1. Highly significant (P

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Table 3. Effects of rumen fluid source

Variable Cattle Buffalo Goat Sheep Anova

[NH3] mM 10.58B 13.77B 27.11A 12.74B (P

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Table 4. Effects of incubation period

Variable 0 h 3 h 6 h 9 h 12 h

[NH3] mM 10.21Bc 15.74Bb 16.91Aa 17.46Aa 20.27Aa

[VFA] mM 119.47 122.59 107.48 111.39 118.90

Bac. No.x 1012 CFU/ml

Amylolytc 2.05 1.57 1.24 1.10 1.42

Cellolytc 1.07 0.88 0.93 1.75 1.09

Prteolytc 2.88 4.00 3.76 3.82 4.04

Prto. No.

x 104 sel/ml

0.68 0.62 0.44 0.57 0.49

DM deg(%)

8.87B 9.03B 11.54A 11.40A 13.73A

OM deg(%)

11.41B 10.34B 15.11A 13.74A 16.84A

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CONCLUSION

Use of J. curcasmeal affected [NH3

] & [VFA],proteolytic bacterial & protozoal populations

The highest rslts obtained from degradation of J.curcas meal with rumen fluids of goat

No different among rumen fluids of cattle, bufallo &sheep in all variables

Microbes from rumen fluids of goats = moretolerant to antinutrients of J. curcasmeal

Optimum degradation of J. curcasmeal = 6 hincubation period the highest [NH3] & DM & OMdegradability