RULING A LARGE EMPIRE - PC\|MACimages.pcmac.org/SiSFiles/Schools/TX/Alvarado...RULING A LARGE EMPIRE...
Transcript of RULING A LARGE EMPIRE - PC\|MACimages.pcmac.org/SiSFiles/Schools/TX/Alvarado...RULING A LARGE EMPIRE...
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RULING A LARGE EMPIRE
The First Empire Builder:
• In 2,300B.C., Sargon, the ruler or Akkad, invaded and conquered the city-state of Sumer.
• He thus created the very first empire in known history when he spread his civilization of Akkad to foreign land.
• It didn’t last long due to the fact that his empire fell to the hands of invaders soon after he died.
• After his death and the fall of his empire, the Sumerian city-states came back to life.
• However, the Sumerian city-states fell to other invaders as time went on.
• This is quite similar to the way that Egyptian history tells us about their rise to power and subsequent falls throughout history.
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AKKAD
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Hammurabi, the Lawgiver:
• In 1,790 B.C., Hammurabi, king of Babylon, assumed control of the Fertile Crescent river valley civilization(s) of Mesopotamia.
• He had scribes write down ancient laws in order to make all of his subjects aware of civil and criminal laws.
Crime and Punishment:
• Criminal law is defined as laws that protect people against the offenses of others against themselves such as robbery, assault, murder, etc.
• Hammurabi’s code made it possible to set up specific punishments for specific crimes or offenses.
• Civil law is the branch of law that deals with private rights and matters such as business contracts, property inheritance, taxes, marriage, and divorce.
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HAMMURABI’S CODE
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WARFARE AND THE SPREAD OF IDEAS
The Secret of Ironworking:
• In 1,400 B.C., the Hittites left Asia in search of better land. They stumbled across Mesopotamia.
• They brought with themselves the knowledge of extracting metal ore from the earth and melting it down to make useful tools from it.
• They worked more with iron ore than with bronze (copper + tin). Iron could be made harder, sharper, and lighter than bronze.
• Iron ore was/is more plentiful than other ores. More people could be armed for LESS MONEY!
• The idea of using iron spread across the known world when Hittite ironworkers spread across the world in search of better lands.
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IRON ORE
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Assyrian Warriors:
• The Assyrians lived along the Tigris River.
• They had a reputation of being fighters, and they lived up to this reputation. They were very fierse in battle!
• They had very strict rule and regulations to control their warriors, and these rules and regulations carried over into the civilian world as well.
• Assyrian cities were among the finest in the world due to the high level of organization and dedication of their people to achieve whatever the ruler wanted.
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ASSYRIAN WARRIOR
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THE PERSIAN EMPIRE
Uniting Many Peoples:
• The Persian Empire was born in around 539 B.C., when its ruler conquered several other nations and took over their land and people.
• The Persian Empire was so large that it had to be divided into managable sections, each controlled by its own governer who answered to the Persian Emperor.
• Like Hammurabi, the Persian leaders (Darius) used his written language to post the laws for all to see.
• Darius united his empire by building thousands of miles of roads to connect the different regions of his empire.
• This is the first super-empire that was fully interconnected. The Persian Empire would be used by later empires as something of a template for how to build a new empire.
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PERSIAN EMPIRE
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Economic Life:
• To improve trade, Darius set up a common set of weights and measures.
• He also encouraged the use of coin currancy, an idea first developed by the Lydians of Asia Minor.
• Most Persians worked under a “barter economy”, exchanging one set of good or services for another.
• Coins, however, brought merchants and traders into an early form of a money economy.
• From now on, good and services could be PAID FOR!
A New Religion:
• The Persians were becoming monotheistic, so they rejected the older Persian thinking that many gods existed
• They now believed that you could either have a happy or an awful afterlife depending on your actions in life.
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COIN MONEY
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PERSIAN INNOVATION
Manufacturing & Trade:
• They lived in the Fertile Crescent, so farming was very plentiful and prosperous.
• The Persians, however, became very good at manufacturing and trade.
• They made glass from coastal sand, they made purple dye from tiny sea snails, and they made improvements upon the papyrus paper used in Egypt.
• The Persians used this paper to write their “Bible”, named after the Persian city of Byblos.
• The Persians grew very properous from trading throughout the Mediterranian sea.
The Alphabet:
• The Persians give us our alphabet.
• Unlike cuneiform or hieroglyphics, and alphabet contains letters that represent spoken sounds.
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PERSIAN ALPHABET