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RUG WEAVING

DEFINATION:

The term "carpet" comes from Old Italian carpita, "carpire" meaning to pluck.[1][2]

The term "carpet" is

often used interchangeably with the term "rug". Some define a carpet as stretching from wall to

wall.[3]Another definition treats rugs as of lower quality or of smaller size, with carpets quite often

having finished ends.

Although the exact origins of carpet weaving have not been determined, it is known thattheEgyptiansof the 3rd millenniumBC wove carpets for the most part of linen ornamented bysewn on brightly coloured pieces of woollencloth. Egyptian influence apparently spreadthroughout the Middle East and then to Mongolia andChina. Some investigators credit Central

Asia, Turkestan, and China with the origination of carpets, and in the early 1950s a rug datingback 2,400 years, made with Turkish knots, was found in Siberia.Early Chinese carpets were made of knotted silk pile with backings of wool or cotton, but the

pile of later carpets was made of wool. Wool pile was also used in Central Asia by early

nomadic tribes who acquired it easily in their wanderings. Nomadic rugs werewovenon simple

horizontal frames that could be rolled up for travelling.

Earlyloomsconsisted of two forked branches joined by a crosspiece holding the

suspendedwarp, or lengthwise threads, through which theweft, or crosswise threads, were

woven. A wooden bar was used to flatten the binding weft threads, allowing the loose warp ends

to stand out to form the luxurious pile. The early weavers used wools in their natural gray, white,

cream, fawn, brown, or black colours, but eventually learned to produce fast colours with dyes

made from vegetable, flower, and insect materials.

During theMiddle Ages, Italian merchants imported Oriental rugs to Europe, where they were

usually hung on the walls; Europeans continued to cover their floors with rushes and straw.

Moorish weavers were probably taken from Spain in the 13th century to set up the looms at

Aubusson in France. Eleanor of Castile introduced Spanish rugs to England in 1255, and

carpets imported from Turkey in the 15th century encouraged the development of an English

rug-weavingindustry.

By 1600Frenchcarpet weavers had formed a strong guild, and in 1608 Henry IV set up looms

in the Louvre. During the reign of Louis XIV, carpet manufacture was revived at Aubusson,

where it had suffered from the religious wars of the 16th century, and was established at

Beauvais, in Normandy. The revocation of the Edict of Nantes, that had guaranteed religious

and civil freedom to French Protestants, drove French and Walloon Protestant artisans into

England and Germany, where they contributed to the development of spinning and weaving

techniques.

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MAJOR TECHNIQUES

Woven[edit]

The carpet is produced on aloomquite similar towoven fabric. Thepilecan beplushor berber. Plush

carpet is a cut pile andBerber carpetis a loop pile. There are new styles of carpet combining the two

styles called cut and loop carpeting. Normally many coloured yarns are used and this process is capable

of producing intricate patterns from pre-determined designs (although some limitations apply to certain

weaving methods with regard to accuracy of pattern within the carpet). These carpets are usually the

most expensive due to the relatively slow speed of the manufacturing process. These are very famous in

India, Pakistan and Arabia

Needlefelt[edit]

These carpets are more technologically advanced. Needlefeltsare produced by intermingling and felting

individualsynthetic fibersusing barbed and forked needles forming an extremely durable carpet. These

carpets are normally found in the contract market such as hotels etc. where there is a lot of traffic andare extensively found in isstanbul and other islamian countries

Knotted[edit]

On a knotted pile carpet (formally, a supplementary weft cut-loop pile carpet), the

structuralweftthreads alternate with a supplementary weft that rises at right angles to the surface of

theweave. This supplementaryweftis attached to the warp by one of three knot types (see below),

such as shag which was popular in the 1970s, to form thepileornapof the carpet. Knotting by hand is

most prevalent inoriental rugsand carpets. Kashmir carpets are also hand-knotted.

Tufted[edit]

These are carpets that have theirpileinjected into a backing material, which is itself then bonded to a

secondary backing made of a wovenhessianweave or a man made alternative to provide stability. This is

the most common method of manufacturing of domestic carpets for floor covering purposes in the

world.

Others[edit]

A flatweave carpet is created by interlockingwarp(vertical) andweft(horizontal) threads. Types of

oriental flatwoven carpet includekilim,soumak,plain weave, andtapestry weave. Types of European

flatwoven carpets include Venetian, Dutch,damask, list,haircloth, andingrain(aka double cloth, two-ply, triple cloth, or three-ply).

A hooked rug is a simple type of rug handmade by pulling strips of cloth such as wool or cotton through

the meshes of a sturdy fabric such as burlap. This type of rug is now generally made as ahandicraft.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpet?veaction=edit&vesection=3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpet?veaction=edit&vesection=3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpet?veaction=edit&vesection=3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woven_fabrichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woven_fabrichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woven_fabrichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pile_(textile)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pile_(textile)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pile_(textile)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plushhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plushhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plushhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_carpethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_carpethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_carpethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpet?veaction=edit&vesection=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpet?veaction=edit&vesection=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpet?veaction=edit&vesection=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpet?veaction=edit&vesection=5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpet?veaction=edit&vesection=5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpet?veaction=edit&vesection=5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wefthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wefthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wefthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warp_(weaving)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warp_(weaving)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warp_(weaving)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wefthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wefthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wefthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pile_(textile)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pile_(textile)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pile_(textile)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nap_(textile)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nap_(textile)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nap_(textile)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental_rughttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental_rughttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental_rughttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpet?veaction=edit&vesection=6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpet?veaction=edit&vesection=6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpet?veaction=edit&vesection=6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pile_(textile)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pile_(textile)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pile_(textile)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessian_(cloth)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessian_(cloth)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpet?veaction=edit&vesection=7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpet?veaction=edit&vesection=7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpet?veaction=edit&vesection=7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warp_(weaving)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warp_(weaving)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warp_(weaving)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wefthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wefthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wefthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soumak&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soumak&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soumak&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_weavehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_weavehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_weavehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tapestry_weave&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tapestry_weave&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tapestry_weave&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hairclothhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hairclothhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hairclothhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingrainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingrainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingrainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handicrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handicrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handicrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handicrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingrainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hairclothhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tapestry_weave&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_weavehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soumak&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wefthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warp_(weaving)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpet?veaction=edit&vesection=7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessian_(cloth)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pile_(textile)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpet?veaction=edit&vesection=6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental_rughttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nap_(textile)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pile_(textile)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wefthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warp_(weaving)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wefthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpet?veaction=edit&vesection=5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.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Embroidery[edit]

Unlike woven carpets,embroiderycarpets are not formed on a loom. Their pattern is established by the

application ofstitchesto acloth(oftenlinen) base. The tent stitch and the cross stitch are two of the

most common.

Carpet is commonly made in widths of 12 feet (3.7 m) and 15 feet (4.6 m) in the USA, 4 m and 5 m

in Europe. Where necessary different widths can be seamed together with a seaming iron and seam

tape (formerly it wassewntogether) and it is fixed to a floor over a cushionedunderlay(pad) using

nails,tack strips(known in the UK as gripper rods), adhesives, or occasionally decorative metal stair

rods, thus distinguishing it from rugs ormats, which are loose-laid floor coverings. For environmental

reasons, the use of wool, natural bindings, natural padding, and formaldehyde-free glues is

becoming more common. These options are almost always at a premium cost, though with no

sacrifice to performance.

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/210566/floor-covering/66793/Carpet-and-rug-weaving

1. ^"The Free Dictionary by Farlex". Thefreedictionary.com. Retrieved 2012-01-26.

2. ^Gudrun Heisterberg-Moutsis, Rainer Heinz, Thomas F. Wolf, Dominic J. Harper, David James,

Richard P. Mazzur, Volker Kettler, Hansgert Soin Floor Coverings Ullmann's Encyclopedia of

Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.doi:10.1002/14356007.a11_263

3. ^abVolkmar Gantzhorn, "Oriental Carpets", 1998,ISBN 3-8228-0545-9

4. ^"News.nationalgeographic.com". News.nationalgeographic.com. 2010-10-28. Retrieved 2012-01-26.

5. ^"Iran unveils vast handmade carpet".BBC News. 2007-07-31. Retrieved 2010-04-28.

6. ^"The Brukenthal Museum: The extraordinary value of the Anatolian Carpet". Brukenthalmuseum.ro.

Retrieved 2012-01-26.

7. ^"The historical importance of rug and carpet weaving in Anatolia". Turkishculture.org. Retrieved

2012-01-26.

8. ^"atalhyk.com: Ancient Civilization and Excavation". Catalhoyuk.com. Retrieved 2012-01-26.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpet

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