Rsr Illumination
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Transcript of Rsr Illumination
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Building Systems and TheirMonitoring Needs
Lighting,
temperature,
sound, air
quality
Electricity,
gas, water,weather
Occupancy,
comfort,
productivity
Building
Energy People
Current situation:
Insufficient number
of environmental
sensors (1/1000sf)
Ineffective placementof sensors (limited by
wires)
Monthly lump-sum
electricity/gas bills
Occupants have little
information, insight, or
influence over their
building environment
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The difference between Motion & Occupancy Sensors
Motion Sensors respond to Walking or Standing Movements. Occupancy sensors can detect fine movements in a sitdown position. Motions rendered by people talking on phone, mouse clicks, laptop work can be sensed by a true
occupancy sensor but not by an ordinary motion sensor
Motion sensing is normally used in toilets, corridors, parking areas, basements and other applications where themovement is always in an upright standing or walking condition. Occupancy sensors are always used for Office cabins,laboratories, libraries, design studios where the occupant is normally seated and the level of motion is severelyrestricted.
Motion sensors should normally be 50% cheaper than a True and Genuine Occupancy Sensors.
In a True occupancy sensor, the movement pattern schematic should specifically state finer movement areas andlarger movement areas. Whereas the schematic pertaining to a motion sensor will only show a single movement area.
A motion sensor uses either PIR or High Frequency Technology where as a TRUE occupancy sensor will always usethe PIR Technology only. Mischievously some suppliers offer a combination of both PIR and HF in a single module andqualify it as a OCCUPANCY SENSOR.
For a P
IRbased motion sensor the module should contain anywhere between 1 to 3 pyro detectors whereas a TrueOccupancy Sensor will always contain 3 or more pyro detectors.
A Motion sensor monitors the Lux level only once at the time of initial sensing but a TRUE occupancy sensor regularlymonitors the ambient lux levels and turns on or off the lighting loads based on the prevailing levels.
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Occupancymodel
Motion
sensor
Sound
sensor
Door
sensor
Human
schedule
Zone
temperature
sensor
Solar
radiation
sensor
Anemometer
Individual
recognize
sensor
Physiology
sensor
HVAC
condition
Pressure
aroundbuilding
CO2sensor
Fuel/electric
price
Plug power
measurement
Daylight
illumination
Survey of
occupant
reaction
Individual
comfort
model
Building
thermal
model
Lighting
model
Window
status
sensor
Structure
temperature
sensor
Plug load
model
Decisions
Message to
occupants
Adjust
position
Start
on/off
Control
devices
Provide
information
Setpoint
reset
Suggest
action
Total power consumption
model
Human productivity model
Shut down
HVAC
system
model
Zone light
sensor
Weather
condition
Weather
condition
Shading
Window
Blinds
AC
Vent
Refriger
Computer
Office
device
Lights
Sensing and Actuation
Opportunities
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Sensing, intelligence,actuation:
Detect ambientconditions, solar
radiation, wind
pressure, natural light,
perspiration,occupancy,
Trade-off energy,
thermal comfort, and
visual need,
Perspective in a Perimeter
Zone
Light ballast
VAV actuator
Reflectivevaneactuator
Occupancy
sensor
Desk climate sensor
Windowswitch
Climatesensor
Base station
BACnet
Comfort stat
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Prototype wireless
lighting control systemMotivation Lighting accounts for ~50% of commercial
building electricity consumption
Switching is often inadequate and inflexibleand results in significant energy waste
One switch may control the lights for many
occupants Switches are often not conveniently located
Ownership of switches is unclear
Switching often does not work well with daylight
patterns
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Objective
Develop a lighting control system thatis:
Highly flexible
Wireless
Cost effective
There are many wireless systems indevelopment and in the marketplace.Whats different about our approach?
Does not require special ballasts
Will work for new or retrofit applications
Is easily reprogrammed by the user
Will have a low installation cost perswitch/fixture ($20 target)
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System Overview
Wireless controller
Desktop, mobile,or wall mountedswitch
Light sensor
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System components
BallastWireless switch
to lamps
Powersupply
Radio motes
Wireless controller
Light sensorMotion sensor
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Control flexibility
Switches can be operated by eithera local switch or through a centralcontrol system
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Lighting Groups
Perimeter Daylight Group
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Lighting Groups
Emergency Group
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Lighting Groups
Jethros Workspace
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Lighting Groups
Madonnas Workspace
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Schematic For Occupancy Sensor
Area in RED Sensor picks up only walking motionArea in Yellow Sensor picks up motion in seated position
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DALI Sensors for dimming and scene control
Analogue Sensors for dimming control
Acoustic Sensors for cabins, labs, Class Rooms
Dual Channel Sensors for simultaneous HVAC and Lighting control
Wall Switches [single gang design] for fitment in switch boxes ideal for small sizedcabins. Can handle single or dual circuits simultaneously. Elimination of wiring
Solar Based wireless sensors with chargeable battery. Based on 868 MHzfrequency and the patented ENOCEAN Technology.
High Bay sensors for warehouses, sports halls, arenas. These can bemounted at ceiling heights of 10 to 15 meters.
Long Range sensors for sensing diameters of 24 meters or more. Suitablefor Car Parks
Sensors that work on a Master & Slave format. Ideal for car parks, long corridors,stairways, basements etc
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PIR Sensor Technology
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Pyro Detection for PIR Sensors
Price increases as the detection area increases
Price increases as the number of pyro detector increases
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High Frequency sensor Technology
Fig. Shows the principle of operation of HF sensor.
A sensor with transmitter and receiver
The transmitter of the high frequency module sends electromagnetic
waves and receives the echo reflected by walls and objects.Echo on Occupancy Constant wave Echo without Occupancy
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Differences between PIR and High Frequency
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Corridors & Staircase 30% - 80%
Basement Parking Areas 70%
Restrooms & Toilets 30% - 90%
Conference Rooms 22% - 65%
Office Cabins 13% -50%
Storage Areas 45% - 80%
Open Plan Office 20% - 28%
Auditoriums 40% - 46%
Lift / Elevator landing Lobbies 15%
COMMON AREAS OF APPLICATION WITH BENCHMARK
SAVINGS
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Things to be Considered
Whether the sensor is tropicalized forIndian Power Conditions and Gen-set operations Whether or not they are comparing similar features of sensors offered by different vendors Whether a sensor is actually required for an application Whether the vendor has done a Data logging exercise for determining the occupancy pattern and payback Whether the vendor has conducted a site survey to determine the actual requirement Whether the sensor reacts adversely to a high harmonic infested circuit Whether the sensor reacts adversely to mobile phones or radio handsets. Whether the sensor has a robust algorithm for reset management.
Whether the sensor switches the loads at the zero cross over of a sinusoidal wave form What is the life cycle of the electromechanical relay or solid state switching device in the sensor Whether the sensor is suitably rated for ingress protection [IP] in consonance with the application How does the sensor reacts adversely when placed in close proximity to the lighting loads Does it have a Dead Time Zone feature in the algorithm. Does it have a built in redundancy for obviating false trigger situations Does it serve the required purpose when the time delay is kept to its minimum setting and not maximum setting Whether the sensor is vandal proofed. Whether the faulty sensor can be replaced without dismounting the chassis. Simply speaking is it easy to diagnose
and rectify the fault. Whether the vendor is supplying a motion sensor in place of an occupancy sensor Whether a manual bypass facility is available in case of any fault. Whether the sensor has adequate protection or shields against unsolicited movement e.g. ceiling fans, HVAC
draughts, open windows, motion across glass walls etc. Can the sensor chassis be installed at the time of the electrification without exposing the PCB and electronics to
the site conditions Does it conform to a set of internationally accepted quality standards
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N N N L L L
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM WITH LIGHTING LOAD AND HVAC
N
N
N
L
L
L
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CIRCUITDIAGRAM WITH LIGHTING LOAD AND AIRCONDITIONING
N
N
N
L
L
L
LIGHTINGCIRCUIT
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