Project management in business

Table of ContentsProject management in business1Task 1:3A: Project management principles and technological development for Palm Tree Spa Resort3B: Success and failure criteria5C: Principles, systems and procedures for project management6D: Closing stage8Task 2:9A: Human resource planning9B: Structure for execution of the project10C: Leading the team12TASK 3:133.1 Detailed project plan13Activity table:153.2Gantt chart15Cost management:193.3 The performance of the project assessing the performance indicators213.4 Project change control procedures to evaluate the completed project.23References:25

Task 1:

A: Project management principles and technological development for Palm Tree Spa Resort

Project management pertains to the application of knowledge, skills and techniques to execute projects effectively and efficiently (Allee, 2007). The approach of project management is framed on a strategic base with the organization engaging in a dedicated endeavour to align the aims and objectives of the projects with the goals of the business so as to develop, maintain and sharpen the competitive edge over the rivals in the competitive market. The system, approach, pattern and practice involved in project management involves the execution of specific tasks with the use of particular resources within a particular time period to attain specific goals, aims and objectives. The system of project management involves the integral steps of initialization, planning, execution, monitoring and exercising control and at last, closing (Bateman and Snell, 2013). Background of project managementIt is very essential to have an innovative framework of project management to make a project successful in terms of quality and reliability (Lester and Lester, 2007). In this particular context the innovative tools and techniques of project management is used by the development terms to increase the efficiency of technological system of Palm Tree Spa Resort. It is evident from the various researchers that project manager plays an important role to make the project successful and with the help of appropriate supervision each stage of the project is become flourishing within the given deadline by the developer authority. The advance and modern technological devices and equipments are used during the project that helps to increase the overall productivity of the project and standard quality management measures are undertaken by the development team to increase the accuracy of the project (Garcia-Molina, Ullman and Widom, 2000). Therefore, project life cycle framework is developed by the project manager and according to the developed framework each stage work is done by the employees. On the other hand, the external factors such as pestle factors provide immense impact to the project and for this particular purpose the external environment analysis is perfectly done by the project manager that helps to reach the successive goal of the project. As such, the development of a software system to enhance the business processes and functions can safely and soundly be categorized into a project and can be successfully carried out by virtue of the project management approach and the technological advancement aimed at better management of organizational information, knowledge an communication and the development of a prominent online presence of the company can be carried out in a sequential and strategic manner (Bramham, 2004). The project is commenced on week 1, with the selection of sites, which require technological advancement. In week two selection of the personal team as well as the selection of the technical personal will be done. In third week, the utilities and tools will be brought to the site of the project. In addition to, prepare the entire system architecture. Complete the installation of the entire necessary software as well as hardware system, such as security camera, drone camera etc. a text of the entire system also be performed. In week 4 the errors and bags, which will occur during the project will be fixed as well as designing of firewalls and system security protocols will be done. In last and final week an application will be proceeded for necessary approval from the authorities as well as the final commissioning of the entire system will be performed. Few of the key facts of project managements are that a project management helps to conduct a project work in a correct direction. Every step of the projects is predetermined as well as well defined and with a suitable time frame helps to complete a project within time. The project management supports to run the project efficiently as well as effectively. Role of project managerThe project manager plays a vital role in the successfully accomplishment of a project. The project manager runs a project from the initiation of the project, the planning of the project, successfully implementing the strategies as policies to the project. Supervising the project as well as provide a final shape to the project is entirely the project managers responsibility.Project life cycle The life cycle of a project start from the project initiation, the planning of the project, subsequently a structure of the project has to be prepared, and then the policies and strategies have to develop. Then the actual project will be started and as per the predefined plan the projects proceeds and reach to the end. Figure- Project life cycle

B: Success and failure criteria

The success of the project for the technological development would be based on the criteria of the training and grooming of the managers, the staff and the employees and also efficient and effective change management approach adopted by the management to bring about the technological development smoothly and maintain it and seek to incorporate advancements into it in response to the dynamics of time and the needs and requirements the internal and external environment commands (Cascio and Sweet, 2009). For the technological development it is very essential to have proper tool and modern and advance system that will increase the reliability of the project and in this particular context the computerised system is developed that monitor and facilitate the services and each department is connected with a particular server and database and it helps to recorded all the data and the management is able to monitor and implement strategy as per requirement and the analysis of the requirement is properly done because the system provide the relevant data about the revenue generation and customers feedback and as per the demand of the customers the reliable changes are done (Gitlow and Gitlow, 2005). To increase the viability of the project the TQM is implemented by the project manager that helps to determine the financial feasibility and effectiveness of the system. On the other hand depending upon the level of standard the system is designed therefore there will be less chance of failure and the identification may be done easily because each system is implemented after proper testing. Depending upon the testing result the failure and success of the particular project is determined.

The collation of the resources and time available and the infrastructural facilities available to the company to successfully bring about, maintain and make necessary and timely up gradation to the system would form the base of another crucial criterion on which the success of the endeavour would depend (Reilly, 2006). The resort business is the most growing business, however, there are few constraints of the business. Mainly the security and safety is very significant in a resort. Therefore, technological development is very necessary for the sustainability of a resort. The Palm Tree Spa Resort is planned to initiate a project for the advancement of their technological aspects. The project will be success if the all the required materials will be bought from the reliable source they must match the standard. Employ the most appropriate workforce to ensure the success of the project.

The failure criteria related to this specific endeavour to bring about the much needed technological development into the company under investigation can be related to the failure or drawbacks on the part of the management or the trainees to learn and develop the necessary skills, capabilities and acumen need to operators the technologically advanced system so as to derive the desired results from the same,. In this connection it is important to note that, flaws and shortcomings on the part of the operators can lead to disastrous consequences for the organization and can deliver a body blow to the current status and esteem of the business (Certo and Certo, 2006).

The flaws or shortcomings in the alignment of the business goals with the goals of the project and the collation of the resources available at disposal and the time within which it is to be done can also lead to confusions, ambiguities, errors, manipulations and can mar the shine of the project and seriously compromise with the results derived at the culmination stage (Schermerhorn, 2013).

Hence, effective change management approach coupled with efficient training and grooming, resources and infrastructural base would determine the success of the endeavour and help address the problems that may occur in the pursuit of the technological development (Davis, 2006).

C: Principles, systems and procedures for project management

The matching of the skills and capabilities of the agents of project execution with the resource available at the disposal and the related aspects of the techniques and methods for efficient use of resources forms one of the cores subjects of project management theory and practice. One of the main principles of project management with regard to the efficient use of the resources deal with the effective and efficient allocation and use of the organizations resources as and when needed (Patel, 2008). In this connection, the opinion of the eminent management scholar Peter Drucker deserves special mention. He opined that the fragmentation of the resources leads to better results and as such, the monitoring of the allocation of the resources for the particular projects need to be strictly monitored and controlled so as to reduce wastage of resources and over allocation or need be so, terminate an ongoing project and allocation of resources for the same for a more prominent and more promising one (Deeprose, 2002).

It is imperative to use the appropriate project management principles to increase the efficiency of the project and in this specific case the project manager has undertaken several initiatives to complete the project successfully (Lester and Lester, 2007). With the help of proper use of resources and capabilities of the development team the caches of success increases and most importantly the quality work delivery within the given timeframe was the main principle taken by the development team and with the help of this particular principle the quality work is delivered as well as the commitment of quality work delivery is developed among the development team members because by delivering the quality work to the clients the market reputation of development team will increase which is very beneficial for the development team. The database system is developed by the project development team and it helps to retain each customers details that help in improving the service and facilities because with the help of customers database the effective communication is done with them and it helps to achieve the customers satisfaction (Garcia-Molina, Ullman and Widom, 2000). Therefore, the main principle of project management in this acse is to provide reliable system that will helps to understand the customers demand well and the market reputation of the company will be increase.The resource include the inventories available, the human resources, production resources, resources related to the information or knowledge management system and the like and are all integral components of the principles of project management dealing in effective use of organizations resources to meet project objectives. The principles related to the functional versus cross-functional approaches of the allocation of the resources as well as the methodology opined in the project management body of knowledge construct the discourse on the principles on resource allocation and use and project management (Dorf, 2009). The principles of the project management are the key factors to ensure the accomplishment of the project. There several principle that must be maintain during the project such as always work with the standard products and materials and during the project ensure the safety and security features of the workers. By maintaining these principles, the project can be preceded smoothly without any hazards.

D: Closing stage

The closing of the project or the stage of the culmination of the project management activities is as important as any other stage of the project management endeavour and determines the over all success of the endeavour in terms of the objectives met (Niehaus, 2007). The project closing involves the aspects of the activities and operations that are necessary to bring the project to close and can be signified by the virtue of the acceptance or the transfer of the new system or the retirement of the erstwhile system and this stage involves the meeting of the individual components of the project to check upon if there is something that needs to be done or to identify aspects that have not been done properly. The records or the report are archived properly and communicated to all the components and the recipient of the project results (Dosi, et al., 2008).

The stages involved in this process can be identified as the collection and completion of documents related to contracts, acceptance in a formal manner, closure of administrative aspects, financial audit, archiving of the results and observations at the stage of culmination, closeout review of the phases, archiving of the learned lessons and the completion of the post-implementation report of evaluation of the particular project.In short, this stage comprises of the processes of commissioning, handover and project evaluation (Field and Keller, 2008).The key elements of the terminating project are primarily testing the entire system, whether it performs accurately or is there any loophole, proper verification of the entire procedures should be done. After that, proper documentation of a project is very necessary. Then train all the staffs of the system so that prevent the mishandling. Then for the sometime, the project should be under observation that everything is performed accurately.

Source: (Deeprose,2002)

Task 2:

A: Human resource planningFor conducting a project it is very imperative to build an appropriate team, consist of good management as well as skilled working force to ensure the success of the project. For the successful implementation of the technological development and the incorporation of the new technology for the management of the information database and the online presence into the organization under consideration, the definition and the specification of the roles and responsibilities of ach of the components of the organization on who specific responsibilities and tasks are bestowed upon need to be specified and mentioned clearly and properly so as to leverage the smooth functioning of the various organs and components of the project management mechanism (Gallagher, 2000).

To be more specific, for the successful carrying out of the various stages and activities of the project, the specification and definition of the roles and responsibilities of the personnel involved is indispensable to success and the deriving of the desired results from the endeavour (Sekhri, 2010).

As such, to build a project-conducive environment and to percolate the culture and positive approach to bring about the technological development into the organization, the role of the top brass of the management, the CEO or the Director is of special importance as he or she is the one who specifies the mission and vision in this regard. Their task is to percolate the same into the next hierarchical ranks of the organization, that is, to the departmental managers (Walker, 2000). The departmental managers act as links between the subordinate line managers and staff and employees on one hand and the top brass of the management on the other and help percolate the message from the top to the lower ranks through an approach of trickle down communication and information sharing down to the organs of the organization. It is the responsibility of the departmental managers to take the line managers into their stride and bestow upon them responsibilities of monitoring of their sub-departments and meet short-term goals (Hampton, et al., 2007).

The line managers, on the other hand are supposed to implement the necessary measures to bring about the technological development in the patters and practices right at the grass-root levels of the organization and encourage the employees and the staff to work towards the successful implementation of the development explaining the benefits that can be derived from the same and the manner in which it would help the various components of the organization work better, and provide better output. The employees are expected to follow suit and the responsibility of the managers is also to access and strive to improve the operations and performance towards better efficiency and effectiveness of the technological development for its maintenance and improvement n a continuous basis (Heerkens, 2002).

B: Structure for execution of the project

The project management done through the coordination and passing on of the information and message from the higher ranks of the organization to the lower ranks and the development of the cycle involving the redirection of the message and feedback from the lower ranks to the higher ranks helps build better understanding, better harmony and better coordination to ensure that the collective positive energy of the different echelons and departments of the organization are diverted towards the common good, that is the attainment of the aims and objectives of the project in hand (Jarrell, 2003).

The stemming of the information and message from top to bottom and the sharing of the feedback from lower to the higher ranks and among the various departments of the organization would lead to better leveraging of the various personnel and managers of the various departments and help them to work to address common problems that may be faced in the technological development of the organization (McKenney, et al., 2005).

This helps, on one hand, in making the roles and responsibilities and the tasks allotted to each of the components clearly and in a well-defined manner and on the other hand, leads to the communication of the requirements or the problems face din the grass-root levels of the organization and enables the management to arrange for measures to address them leading to better rapport building, better understanding and leads to a spirit of harmony and cooperation leading to better performance and more effective outputs (Zeleny, 2005). The provision for the assessment and reassessment of the learning outcomes of the process is another important advantage that can be harnessed by virtue of the process adopted for the Palm Tree Spa Resort (Kerzner, 2003).

Palm Tree Spa ResortPresidentMarketing departmentHR departmentFinance departmentAdministrative department

A basic Layout of the Resort

The diagram displays the main organizational structure of the Palm tree Spa Resort.President: The president of the company develops innovative strategies that are implemented by the several departments and it helps to execute the entire framework in a way that provides better service and facilities to the customers. Marketing department:Marketing plays an important role to develop innovative marketing strategies that help to attract the customers and incurrent days marketing is highly required to make a unique identity in the market and growth of the business operation (Kortmann, 2012).Finance department:Finance department plays an important role by providing adequate amount of capital of investment as the functional areas and as per the requirement the amount is provided by the company that helps to fulfil the needs of human resource and equipments.Administrative department:Administrative department look after several legislative and code of conduct provided by the authority and any kinds of disputes occurred related to the operational and contract related issues are solved by the administrative departments and all work approval is also done by this particular department and supervision is also provided to maintain the standard quality of service and facilities to the customers.C: Leading the team

In the pursuance of any efficient and effective project management, effective leadership underscores its success. As such, the leading the team involved in the endeavour is of special importance and determines the success of the endeavour in meeting the envisaged aims and objectives (Maylor, 2006). The proposed structure is properly coordinated with the help of project manager and the innovative framework is coordinated with the help of advance technological tools the database system is developed with the help of high quality software management system which is easily accessible (Parmenter, 2007). However, the overall technological development is done step by step development and standard server security system is developed and the eligible employees are implemented to do the job because if the system security is not adequate then it will be very difficult to store the information and data of customers and companies. Most importantly, the standard formwork is properly followed from project initiation to finalising and successive result is achieved.The director is supposed to set the tone for the environment where the endeavour is to be carried out, the departmental managers should be led in a manner by virtue of understanding and motivation so as to make them the potent enough to make the line managers the torch bearers of the execution of the projects activities and the employees need to be taken into confidence and made aware of the benefits of the technological development and the ways it would benefit all concerned. Autocratic leadership style is used by the project manager that helps to provide positive motivations towards the customers. Most importantly, the objective and scope of the employees are clear about a particular project and it helps the employs to understand the current environment of the project and comparative results are obtained (Glanz, 2002). Hence, the keywords of motivation, understanding, coordination, communication, zeal, dedication and commitment are the aspects that underline a successful leadership approach towards the endeavour (Liebowitz and Khosrow-Pour, 2007). Human resource department plan an important role in recruitment and selection of efficient employees that helps the development team to maintain the quality of the service and facilities as well as helps to maintain the reputation. On the other hand, the difficult tasks are successfully executed by the employees with great affection that results in success of the project (Sistare, Shiplett and Buss, 2009). The adequate amount of human resource is provided by the development team that helps to complete the project successfully within the given deadline.TASK 3:3.1 Detailed project plan

In order to solve the technological issues of palm beach as a project manager the most important task will be to chalk out a systematic and well defined a plan which will not only underline the solution of the key issues but also make sure of the fact that the future issues pertaining to the same are managed with definite risk plans in place (Schermerhorn,2013). Since the resort is quite a huge place it is imperative that the project manager divides his entire team into small groups who will help identify all the technological shortcomings and interrelationship that exist between the various activities. First of all the activities that were identified were

ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION IMMEDIATE PREDECESSORTIME (WEEKS)ESTIMATED COST

ASelection of sites which need technological advancements-----------2500

BSelection of the project team-------------3500

CSelection of Technical personnel B2300

DBringing the various utilities and tools onsiteA,C4700

EDevelop the entire system architectureA24500

FFinishing of installation and Loading of all necessary software systems, security cameras,etcD, E1610,200

GTest running of the entire systemF82500

HFixing of errors and bugsF52500

I

Designing firewalls and system security protocolsB33000

JApplication for necessary approvals from competent authorities.I4500

KFinal commissioning of the entire system. G,H,J21000

Activity table:Activity (Tasks)Duration (Days) ESTEFTLSTLFTFLOAT

A415030

B236560

C36136130

D481011134

E261110133

F3151613160

G4162516250

H2161922254

I3162026289

J3162121295

K2302824311

3.2Gantt chart

Main Activities/ StagesWeeks 1 Weeks 2 Weeks 3 Weeks 4 Weeks 5

Selection of sites which need technological advancements

Selection of the project team

Selection of Technical personnel

Bringing the various utilities and tools onsite

Develop the entire system architecture

Finishing of installation and Loading of all necessary software systems, security cameras,Etc

Test running of the entire system

Fixing of errors and bugs

Designing firewalls and system security protocols

Application for necessary approvals from competent authorities.

Final commissioning of the entire system

THE CRITICAL PATH FOR THE PROJECT

E 2D4 F16G8E2B3 A 2 C2 I 3 J 4 H 5

An understanding of the critical path of the project is of vital importance especially since projects are always on a tight schedule and any delay in any particular activity will lead to subsequent delays in the following activities which may ultimately jeopardize the final timeline of the project for which the project manager has to take the blame and Palm resort can incur considerable losses. In order to ensure that the project adheres to the deadlines strictly following the critical path as shown in the figure above is of paramount importance.

PATH ESTIMATED DURATION

AEFGK 30

AEFHK27

ADFGK32

ADFHK29

BCDFGK35

BCDFHK32

Cost management:Cost control is one of the most imperative tasks that must be controlled and monitored properly by the project manager that helps to determine the project success and failure. Cost estimating and cost controls are innovatively done by the project manager with the help of software application (Blocher, 2005). With the help of these particular techniques the project manager is able to analyse the each stage cost significantly and as per the demand a particular amount of cost is provided that helps in eliminating cost overrun. Therefore, software application helps in calculating the adequate amount of cost required completing each stage of the project and it also helps in cost control and resource planning.Financial Data Hotel functionsTotal Revenue from Hotel guests 2,299,500 GBP + 739,125 GBP Total Hotel Guests Revenue = 3,038,625 GBP Financial Data Casino functions(8) Casino GOP: 3,600,000.-GBPa) Turnover 18,000,000 GBP b) Costs 14,400,000 GBPPersonnel 1,800,000 GBP Marketing 9,000,000 GBP Other 3,600,000 GBPTurnover 18,000,000 GBPCosts 14,400,000 GBPGOP 3,600,000 (9) Adjusted Casino GOP: 1,800,000.- GBPTurnover Management Fee (5%) 900,000 GBPGOP Management Fee (30%) 900,000 GBPTotal Management Fee 1,800,000 GBPGOP 3,600,000 GBPTotal MF 1,800,000 GBPAdjusted GOP 1,800,000 GBP

ITEMSCOSTING

Infrastructure

Roads 3,00,000

Water, electrical, telephone 1,60,000

On site roads + mains + electrical transformer 1,60,000

Total Infrastructure 6,20,000

Buildings

Hotel 90,00,000

Casino 35,00,000

Marina 10,00,000

Beach 2,50,000

Pool, cafeteria, bars, surroundings 10,00,000

Tennis court and ammenities 3,50,000

Golf course and ammenities 3,00,000

Landscaping and car park 3,50,000

Total Buildings #########

Contingency 10,00,000

Sub total #########

Design Fee 7% 11,72,500

Project Management Fee 3% 5,02,500

Total #########

The estimated cost of the project.3.3 The performance of the project assessing the performance indicators

Key performance indicators are one of the most critical factors that help to determine the success of the project and it also helps the project manager to monitor the success of the project and valuable measurement of quality is also identified with the help of this particular system (Parmenter, 2007). In this particular context, the each stage cost reduction, project life cycle time improvement and provide quality service to the clients are taken under considerations and these key performance indicators also helps in the identification of the level of standard provided by the development authority. The project manager recorded each data of key performance indicators on daily basis that helps to increase the reliability of the project. The process for the operation to execute project work needs basic plan to establish Program Management Operations (PMO). It is a program to control the work plan and watch the ongoing processes for the benefit of the project managers to run project. The different management tools are very efficient to set PMO, as these tools are helpful in various places, such as: tackling sponsors, planning a graph for iterations, to strengthen the management structure and the most important, to keep record for the progress of the project. The project management operation has some important applications to guide their project on regular basis and they are as follows: framing work status and basic calculation of time, Scope Change Control Management, the report making of status and performance, Issue Management and Risk Management. It is relevant that project needs specific time of completion and project managers take that effort to complete it on time. As it ensures the process of the work with minimum limits for avoiding all assumed risk and changes, the project lifecycle has its own dependability on project manager. For the benefit of the businesss case, regular inspection is vital job for the manger, as it give enough confidence to analyze project metrics, important alteration of the procedure, and to rectify inconsistencies. The accessing of the project performance is what status and performance reporting is all about, but it is very tedious because of its constant documentation of the performance and simultaneously planning the next movement. For any organization, it is always needed to make sure the reliability of the assessment of the performance, because it determines the future of the project and the basic chances which makes a project, successful (Wateridge ,2001). The highlighted points in the report are the significant time of the completion of the project, essaying the progress report, the initiation of specific futuristic pan, and balancing the quantitative metrics. It is always a responsibility of the project manager to evaluate the basic issues which can shield the progress of the work and need detailed inspection to find potential risk which can be abrupt for future growth (Deeprose, 2002). Any problem can hamper a project and that solvent of problem is known as issue management. In a project, there can be any problem which is related to finance, quality, definite schedule, and most important is to manage the tantrums of various stakeholders. In issue management, it is always taught to solve any crisis by examining the original problem. The pattern may be difficult but the severe process to hunt down the core problem is very helpful to save the project from all adversities. It is known to all that any project has its own problems and several risks to handle. If issue management is there to solve problems, risk management is introduced to take certain chances which are out of league. It is relevant that risk enters in uninvited fashion and can hinder goals and achievements of the project; to plan that circumstances proper method should required, which we called risk management. The victorious achievement can only be benefited if the impact of the crisis can successfully avoid and the ongoing process of the project is untouched by the crisis.\3.4 Project change control procedures to evaluate the completed project.Effective project control is highly needed in terms of cost and resource allocation. Most importantly the innovative strategy is taken by the project manager by implementing software technology that automatically detect the functional areas that requires attention because with the help of extraordinary programming facilities provided on the software it can easily calculate the adequate amount of cost required for each stage and the remaining cost (Lester and Lester, 2007). Therefore, the proper resource allocation and human rescues is provided by the project manager with the help of software programming analysis and it helps in better controlling of the project ongoing activities which results in success.PERT (Project Evaluation and Review Techniques) is mainly used by the project manager that helps to conduct the overall project in an innovative way and it also helps in better time inference and provides valuable risk predictions. As time is one of the most imperative factors throughout the project the manager implemented the PERT tools to get over the obligations and risk that can hamper the entire project. With the help of critical analysis the different tasks and activities is monitored easily and proper resource planning also achieved. Most importantly, appropriate communication and palling tools is established with the help of critical path analysis that provide better time management of each activities and project success is achieved by the project manager.

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