rQÓhpsp® - e-balbharaticart.ebalbharati.in/BalBooks/pdfs/605020090.pdf · 2 õhpÝepe k. 1...

rQÓhpsp®

ASPAS-1

NyS>fpsu

kprlÐe ‘qfQe

“pd : ....................................

ipmp : ...................................

dlpfpóV²$ fpÄe ‘pW$é‘yõsL$ r“rd®rs A“¡ Aæepk¾$d k„ip¡^“ d„X$m, ‘yZ¡ 411 004.

^p¡fZ-R>Ìz„$

d„S|>fu ¾$dp„L$ : dfpi¥k„â‘/Arhrh/riâ/2015-16/1673 qv$“p„L$ 6.4.2016

â’dph©rÑ : 2016 © dlpfpóV²$ fpÄe ‘pW$é‘yõsL$ r“rd®rs A“¡ Aæepk¾$d k„ip¡^“ d„X$m, ‘yZ¡ - 411 004.

dlpfpóV²$ fpÄe ‘pW$é‘yõsL$ r“rd®rs A“¡ Aæepk¾$d k„ip¡^“ d„X$m ‘pk¡ Ap ‘yõsL$“p b^p l½$ fl¡i¡. Ap ‘yõsL$“p¡ L$p¡C ‘Z cpN k„QpgL$, dlpfpóV²$ fpÄe ‘pW$é‘yõsL$ r“rd®rs A“¡ Aæepk¾$d k„ip¡^“ d„X$m“u g¡rMs ‘fhp“Nu hNf R>p‘u iL$pi¡ “rl.

NyS>fpsu cpjp kyîu. L$ë‘“p dl¡sp, AÝen

krdrs kv$õe : X$pµ. d^y k„‘V$

îudsu [õdsp v$h¡

îu. Bg¡iLy$dpf Apf. Np„^u

NyS>fpsu kyîu. Bgp iy¼g

AæepkS|>’$ kv$õe : îudsu cNhsu A¡. ‘„X$ép

X$pµ. qv$àsu iy¼g

L¡$sL$u r“s¡i Å“u,

kv$õe-k„ep¡S>L$

k„ep¡S>“ âdyM : L¡$sL$u r“s¡i Å“u

rhi¡jpr^L$pfu NyS>fpsu,

‘pW$é‘yõsL$ d„X$m,

‘yZ¡-4

rQÓp„L$“ A“¡ dyM‘©óW$ : îu. rhgpk L¡$fL$f, dy„bC

r“rd®rs : îu. k[ÃQsp“„v$ Apam¡,

dy¿e r“rd®rs Ar^L$pfu

îu. k„v$u‘ ApS>Np„hL$f,

r“rd®rs Ar^L$pfu

Anfp„L$“ : NyS>fpsu rhcpN,

‘pW$é‘yõsL$ d„X$m, ‘yZ¡-4

L$pNm : 70 Æ. A¡k. A¡d. q¾$dhp¡h

dyÖZpv$¡i :

dyÖL$ :

âL$piL$ : îu. rhh¡L$ Np¡kphu, r“e„ÓL$

‘pW$é‘yõsL$ r“rd®rs d„X$m,

âcpv$¡hu, dy„bC-25.

âõsph“p"fpóV²$ue i¥nrZL$ ê$‘f¡Mp-2005' A_¡ "bpmL$p¡_p das A“¡

afrS>eps rinZ_p¡ Ar^r“ed - 2009' A“ykpf dlpfpô²$ fpÄedp„ "âp\rdL$ rinZ Aæepk¾$d-2012' s¥epf L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡. Ap kfL$pfdpÞe Aæepk¾$d“u L$pe®hplu 2013“p ipg¡e hj®’u ¾$di: iê$ ’C NC R>¡. Ap kfL$pfdpÞe Aæepk¾$d D‘f Ap^pqfs A„N°¡Æ dpÝed“p ^p¡fZ R>Ì$p dpV¡$ k„ey¼s cpjp NyS>fpsu“y„ kprlÐe ‘qfQe“y„ ‘pW$é‘yõsL$ s¥epf L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡. Ap ‘pW$é‘yõsL$ Ap‘“p lp’dp„ d|L$sp Ad“¡ Ap“„v$ ’pe R>¡.

AÝee“-AÝep‘“ âq¾$ep bpgL¢$Öu s¡dS> Ap“„v$v$peu b“u fl¡, õhe„AÝee“ D‘f cpf Ap‘hpdp„ Aph¡, s¡hp ìep‘L$ ×rô$L$p¡Z’u Ap ‘yõsL$ s¥epf L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡. Ap ^p¡fZ“u ApMf¡ rhÛp’}Ap¡A¡ L$C ndsp âpàs L$fhu s¡ v$ip®hsp cpjprhjeL$ A‘¡rns ndsp rh^p“p¡“p¡ ‘pW$é‘yõsL$dp„ kdph¡i L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡.

k„ey¼s cpjp iuM“pf rhÛp’}Ap¡“p cphrhð“¡ Ýep“dp„ fpMu“¡ Ap ‘pW$é‘yõsL$dp„ NÛ A“¡ ‘Û L©$rsAp¡“¡ ‘k„v$ L$fhpdp„ Apìep R>¡. cprjL$ L$p¥iëep¡“p rhL$pk dpV¡$ “rh“sp kcf õhpÝepep¡, âõsph“p A„sN®s L©$rsAp¡, âL$ë‘p¡ s¡dS> k„cpjZ“u âh©rÑAp¡ Ap‘¡gp R>¡. rinL$p¡“p dpN®v$i®“ dpV¡$ v$f¡L$ L©$rs“p AÝep‘“ dpV¡$ AÝep‘“ k„L¡$s Ap‘¡gp R>¡. lº„ hp„Qy„ ... sd¡ ‘Z hp„Qp¡ iuj®L$ l¡W$m “hu“sd dprlsu Ap‘¡gu R>¡. s¡’u s¡ hp„Qu“¡ bpmL$p¡ h^pf¡ hp„Q“ dpV¡$ â¡fZp d¡mh¡. iåv$fds A“¡ L$l¡hsp¡“u hpsp®“p D‘¾$dp¡ Ap‘u ‘pW$é‘yõsL$“¡ fkâv$ b“phhp“p¡ âeÐ“ L$ep£ R>¡.

NyS>fpsu cpjp krdrs“p s¡dS> AæepkS|>’“p kv$õep¡ A“¡ rQÓL$pf“p r“›$p‘|h®L$“p ‘qfîd’u Ap ‘yõsL$ s¥epf L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡. ‘pW$é‘yõsL$ nrsfrls A“¡ NyZhÑpkcf b“¡ s¡ dpV¡$ dlpfpóV²$“p v$f¡L$ cpNdp„’u rinL$p¡, rhjesÄop¡ ‘pk¡ kdunZ L$fpìep ‘R>u Aph¡gu k|Q“p A“¡ Arcâpep¡“p¡ L$pmÆ‘|h®L$ rhQpf L$ep® ‘R>u Ap ‘yõsL$“¡ A„rsd õhê$‘ Ap‘hpdp„ Apàey„ R>¡.

NyS>fpsu cpjp krdrs“p s¡dS> AæepkS|>’“p kv$õep¡, rQÓL$pf, r“d„rÓs sÄop¡ A“¡ kdunL$p¡ b^p“y„ d„X$m A„s:L$fZ‘|h®L$ Apcpfu R>¡. rhÛp’}, rinL$ A“¡ hpguAp¡ Ap ‘yõsL$“y„ õhpNs L$fi¡, s¡hu Apip R>¡.

(X$pµ. kyr“g dNf)

`yZ¡ k„QpgL$

spfuM : 9 d¡ 2016, AMpÓuS> dlpfpóV²$ fpÄe `pW$é`yõsL$ r_rd®rs

cpfsue kp¥f : 19, h¥ipM, 1938 A_¡ Aæepk¾$d k„ip¡^_ d„X$m, ‘yZ¡-4.

N/PB/2016-17/

n¡Óp¡ ndsp

îhZ v k|Q“p kdS>¡.

v kp„cm¡gu k|Q“p kdS>¡.

v Of-‘qfkfdp„ ’sp„ A“p¥‘QpqfL$ k„cpjZ kp„cmu“¡ kdS>¡.

v fd|S>, Nusp¡, L$rhsp Ýep“’u kp„cmu Ap“„v$ g¡.

cpjZ v L$rhsp, Nusp¡ ep¡Áe Apfp¡l-Ahfp¡l A“¡ k|f-spg kp’¡ Ap“„v$’u NpC iL¡$.k„cpjZ v dp¡V$u ìe[¼s kp’¡ Apv$f’u bp¡gu iL¡$.

v rdÓp¡ kp’¡ S|>’QQp®dp„ ‘p¡sp“u bpSy> õ‘óV$ fus¡ ìe¼s L$f¡.

v “p“u hpsp® L$lu iL¡$.

v Ap‘¡gp iåv,$ kfm iåv$kd|l L¡$ ê$qY$âep¡N“p¡ ìehlpfdp„ bp¡gsu hMs¡

klS> D‘ep¡N L$fu iL¡$.

A‘¡rns Aæepk ndsp

v ‘p¡sp“p A“ych õ‘óV$ fus¡ bp¡gu iL¡$.

v rQÓhZ®“ L$fu iL¡$.

hp„Q“ v ep¡Áe Nrsdp„ kdS>‘|h®L$ âL$V$hp„Q“ L$f¡.

v ep¡Áe Nrsdp„ kdS>‘|h®L$ d|L$hp„Q“ L$f¡.

v ‘pW$é‘yõsL$dp„“u b^u A“¡ ‘pW$é‘yõsL$ blpf“u kfm iåv$p¡hpmu L$rhsp

hp„Q¡.

v hpsp®, k„hpv$, ‘pW$ hp„Qu“¡ s¡“p¡ Ap“„v$ g¡.

v kph®S>r“L$ õ’mp¡ ‘f“u k|Q“p kdÆ“¡ hp„Q¡.

v hs®dp“ ‘Óp¡, dprkL$dp„’u bpm kprlÐe“p„ Nusp¡/hpsp® hp„Q¡, kdS>¡ A“¡

Apõhpv$ g¡.

v V|$QL$p hp„Qu“¡ s¡dp„“u dÅ g¡.

g¡M“ v b¡ iåv$p¡dp„ ep¡Áe A„sf fpMu gM¡.

v kfm ‘qfÃR>¡v$“y„ kpQy„ A“yg¡M“$ A“¡ îysg¡M“ L$f¡.

v Ap‘¡gp rhje ‘f ApW$-v$k kfm hp¼e gMu iL¡$.

v A“ych¡gp¡ âk„N kfm iåv$p¡dp„ õ‘ô$ gM¡.

v Ap‘¡gp rhje ‘f V|„$L$p¡ k„v$¡ip¡ gMu iL¡$.

v A^|fu hpsp® ‘|fu L$f¡, kyrhQpf gMu iL¡$.

v ‘p¡sp“p iåv$p¡dp„ rQÓhZ®“ L$fu iL¡$.

A“y¾$drZL$p

A.¾$. NÛ/‘Û g¡ML$/L$rh ‘©óW$ ¾$.

1. l¡ ipfv$¡ dp ........ 1

2. V$b|qX$ep¡ A“¡ ipL$cpÆ ........ 5

3. hpv$mp„ hfk¡ R>¡ L$fk“v$pk gylpf 10

4. A‘iyL$r“epm L$p¡Z ? ........ 14

D‘¾$d - 1 19

5. blpvy$f bpmp L$“¥epgpg Å¡iu 20

6. Ad¡ d¥epfp„ “ftkl dl¡sp 25

7. Ad¡ L$df L$ku bmh„s A¡d. ‘fdpf 29

8. s¡“pgufpd“ ^ufS> b°ûcË$ 32

D‘¾$d - 2 38

n¡Óp¡ ndsp

AÝee“ v kfm iåv$kd|l A“¡ L$l¡hsp¡“p¡ fp¡S>bfp¡S>“p Æh“dp„ kfm D‘ep¡N L$f¡.L$p¥iëe v rQÓ“y„ r“funZ L$fu hZ®“pÐdL$ fus¡ V|„$L$dp„ gM¡.

v cpjp kd©qÙ dpV¡$ rhrh^ bpgkprlÐe A“¡ k„õL$pf ‘p¡jL$ kprlÐe“p k„N°l

dpV¡$ sÐ‘f ’pe.

v kyrhQpf, k„v$¡i, hpsp® kfmsp’u ìe¼s L$f¡.

cpjpæepk v iåv$L$p¡eX$p DL¡$gu iL¡$.

v dp¡bpCgdp„ S>¡-s¡ rhje kp’¡ k„b„r^s hpsp®gp‘ klS>sp’u L$fu iL¡$.

v kh®“pd Ap¡mMu hp¼edp„ hp‘fu iL¡$.

v rhi¡jZ Ap¡mMu s¡“p¡ ep¡Áe D‘ep¡N L$fu iL¡$.

v A„s kdp“ lp¡e s¡hp iåv$p¡ gM¡.

v Ap‘¡gp iåv$p¡“p„ tgN, hQ“ Ap¡mM¡.

v L$pm“p dy¿e âL$pf kdÆ hp¼e“p L$pm Ap¡mM¡.

v iyÙ g¡M““p r“edp“ykpf gMu iL¡$.

1

1. l¡ ipfv$¡ dp

t L©$rs L$fp¡.

l ep¡Áe fus¡ Å¡X$p¡.

(A) (b)

1) rhÛp“u v$¡hu A) gÿdu dpsp 2) ‘¥kp“u v$¡hu b) vy$Np® dpsp 3) kh®^d® kdcph“u v$¡hu L$) ‘p¡sp“u dpsp 4) i[¼s“u v$¡hu X$) kfõhsu dpsp 5) S>Þd Ap‘“pf v$¡hu B) cpfs dpsp

l L$lp¡ Å¡CA¡.

1) L$dm D‘f rbfpS>¡ - .............................................

2) tkl D‘f rbfpS>¡ - .............................................

3) dp¡f D‘f rbfpS>¡ - .............................................

4) L|$L$X$p D‘f rbfpS>¡ - .............................................

5) dNf D‘f rbfpS>¡ - .............................................

l¡ ipfv$¡ dp, l¡ ipfv$¡ dpAop“sp’u Ad“¡ spfu v$¡ dp (2)sy„ õhf“u v$¡hu R>¡, k„Nus syS>’ukh® iåv$ spfp “¡ kh® Nus syS>’u,Ad¡ sp¡ A^|fp, Ad¡ sp¡ AV|$gpspfp ifZdp„ d“¡ õ’p“ v$¡ dp ... l¡ ipfv$¡ dp

F>rjAp¡A¡ ÅZu, dyyr“Ap¡A¡ r‘R>pZuh¡v$p¡“u cpjp, ‘yfpZp¡“u hpZuAd¡ ‘Z ÅZuA¡ Ad¡ ‘Z kdÆA¡rhÛp“p¡ Ad“¡ Ar^L$pf v$¡ dp ... l¡ ipfv$¡ dp

sy„ ð¡shZ}, L$dm ‘f rbfpS>¡,lp’p¡dp„ huZp, dyNV$ rif¡ R>pS>¡d“’u Adpfp lfu g¡ A„^pfpAd“¡ DÅk“p¡ k„kpf v$¡ dp ... l¡ ipfv$¡ dp

2

õhpÝepe

k. 1 “uQ¡“p iåv$p¡ dpV¡$ L©$rsdp„ h‘fpe¡gp iåv$p¡ ip¡^p¡.

1) kfõhsu - ...................... 2) AhpS> - ......................

3) b^p„ - ...................... 4) Npe“ - ...................... 5) dpsp - ...................... 6) Ap¡mMu - ......................

7) l½$ - ...................... 8) AS>hpmy„ - ......................

k. 2 “d|“p âdpZ¡ klk„b„^ v$ip®hsp¡ iåv$ ip¡^p¡.

v$p.s. A^|fp - ‘|fp (A„^L$pf, afS>, op“, AS>hpmy„)

1) Aop“ - ...................... 2) A„^pfy„> - ......................

3) DÅk - ...................... 4) Ar^L$pf - ......................

k. 3 “uQ¡“p iåv$p¡“p¡ D‘ep¡N L$fu d“Ndsp hp¼e b“php¡.

1) k„Nus 2) L$dm 3) k„kpf 4) dyNV

k. 4 ApNm "A' gNphu“¡ iåv$ b“php¡ : v$p. s. op“ - Aop“

1) âpdprZL$ - ...................... 2) ‘|Z®> - ......................

3) t“Öp - ...................... 4) ce - ...................... 5) M„X$ - ...................... 6) S>e - ......................

k. 5 (A) Års bv$gp¡. v$p.s. dpdp-dpdu

1) v$uL$fp¡ - ...................... 2) L|$sfp¡> - ......................

3) hpO - ...................... 4) dp¡f> - ......................

5) d¡“p - ...................... 6) õÓu> - ......................

7) “p¡L$fpZu - ...................... 8) fpÅ> - ......................

(b) A¡L$ L$fsp„ h^pf¡ gMp¡.

1) QdQu - ...................... 2) ‘¡“> - ......................

3) fdL$Xy „$ - ...................... 4) R>p¡L$fp¡> - ......................

5) Op¡X$p¡ - ...................... 6) spfp¡> - ......................

7) k¥r“L$ - ...................... 8) “¡sp> - ......................

t k„cpjZ : sd¡ Å¡e¡gu kfõhsu dpsp“u skhuf“p Ap^pf¡ s¡d“p

lp’dp„ iy„ iy„ lp¡e R>¡ ? s¡ L$lp¡.

3

k. 6 L$lp¡.

1) F>rjdyr“Ap¡A¡ ÅZ¡gu - Ap¡mM¡gu cpjp -

2) õhf“u v$¡hu -

3) ipfv$p dp ‘pk¡’u dmsp¡ Ar^L$pf -

4) kfõhsu dpsp“p rif¡ ip¡c¡ -

k. 7 L$pìe‘„[¼sdp„ M|V$sp¡ iåv$ d|L$p¡.

1) Ad¡ sp¡ A^|fp, Ad¡ sp¡ ...............

2) F>rjAp¡A¡ ÅZu, ....................A¡ r‘R>pZu.

3) sy„ ð¡shZ}, .................... ‘f rbfpS>¡.

4) Ad“¡ .................“p¡ k„kpf v$¡ dp.

k. 8 ep¡Áe rhL$ë‘ ip¡^u rh^p“ ‘|Z® L$fp¡.

1) dp ipfv$p ........... R>¡.

(L$) f¼shZ} (M) ð¡shZ} (N) Ly$dLy$dhZ}

2) kfõhsu dpsp ................. spfu v$¡ R>¡.

(L$) Aop“sp’u (M) A„^L$pf’u (N) Æh“’u

3) bpmL$p¡ kfõhsu dpsp“p ............ õ’p“ dp„N¡ R>¡.

(L$) QfZdp„ (M) v$fbpfdp„ (N) ifZdp„

4) kfõhsu dpsp“p lp’dp„ ............ R>¡.

(L$) huZp (M) hpSy> (N) X$dfy„

k. 9 i[¼s“u ApfpÝe v$¡huAp¡“p sd“¡ AphX¡$ s¡V$gp„ “pd gMp¡.

v$p.s. A„bp, blºQf, ...

âL$ë‘

t kh®^d®kdcph v$ip®hsu A¡L$ âp’®“p L$pX®$‘¡‘f D‘f gMu s¡“u afs¡ v$f¡L$ ^d®“p âsuL$p¡“p„ rQÓp¡ v$p¡fp¡.

4

lº„ hp„Qy„ ... sd¡ ‘Z hp„Qp¡

kfõhsu h„v$“p

huZphpqv$“u dp ipfv$p, “p“¡fp syS> bpm.

rhÛpsÏ„ hfv$p“ v$¡S>¡

fpMS>¡ Ad k„cpm ... spfp¡ kpQp¡ â¡d R>¡ dp

Ad“¡ spfp¡ Ap^pf

c|gQ|L$ L$v$uL$ ’pe sp¡,

dp DNpfS>¡ dT^pf ... spfp¡ kpQp¡ â¡d R>¡ dp

l¥e¡ Ap‘S>¡ lpd,

Tmlm Äep¡rs S>Ndp„ spfu

rhÛp sÏ„ syS> ^pd ... spfp¡ kpQp¡ â¡d R>¡ dp

Apìep¡ syS> Üpf

Ad A„sfdp„ âNV$phS>¡

op“v$u‘“p¡ c„X$pf ... spfp¡ kpQp¡ â¡d R>¡ dp

AÝep‘“ k„L¡$s

iê$Apsdp„ Ap‘¡gu L©$rs L$fphu dpspÆ“p “pdp¡“u epv$u s¥epf L$fphhu. kfõhsu dpsp“u skhuf L¡$ d|rs®“¡ âÐen bsphu s¡“y„ hZ®“ L$fphhy„. ‘R>u ipmpdp„ fp¡S> Nhpsu âp’®“p“y„ kd|lNp“ L$fphhy„. âp’®“p“p dlÒh’u AhNs L$fpìep ‘R>u âñp¡Ñf“u dv$v$’u L©$rs“y„ AÝee“ L$fphhy„. kd|lNp“ L$fphhy„. L©$rs d|m rlÞv$udp„ R>¡ s¡ bpbs“y„ õ‘óV$uL$fZ L$fu rlÞv$u“u L©$rs“p¡ ‘Z ¿epg Ap‘hp¡. L$pìedp„ Aphsp F>rjAp¡, ð¡shZ} S>¡hp Å¡X$pnfey¼s iåv$p¡“y„ A“yg¡M“ L$fpìep ‘R>u îysg¡M“ ‘Z L$fphhy„.

rhÛp rh“e’u ip¡c¡ R>¡.

5

2. V$b|qX$ep¡ A“¡ ipL$cpÆ

t Qpgp¡ DMpZp„ D L¡$guA¡ ...

1) vy$r“epdp„ Ad¡ M|b ÅZusp„, bpmL$p¡“¡ M|b cphsp„,

“p“p dp¡V$p„ kp¥“p„ dp“usp„, b^u F>sydp„ Ad¡ Aphsp„,

L$p¡C Adpfy„ ipL$ b“ph¡, L$lu Ap‘p¡ L¡$ Ad¡ L$p¡Z ?

h¡af, L$psfu b“phu Mpe¡.

2) “p“u dp¡V$u v|$r^ep f„N“u,

lº„ sp¡ Ry>„ blº L|$Zu L|$Zu,

A„v$f’u lº„ ^p¡mu ^p¡mu,

bu ‘Z dpfp ^p¡mp„ ^p¡mp„,

L$p¡C dpfy„ ipL$ b“ph¡,

dp¡S> L$p¡C lghp“u dpZ¡,

bp¡gp¡ dpfy„ “pd iy„ ?

dçdu : b¡V$p, V$b|qX$ep ! Ap g¡ ’¡gu “¡ v$k ê$r‘ep.

V$b|qX$ep¡ : ‘Z ip dpV¡$ dçdu ?

dçdu : i¡fu“p “pL¡$ gugpcp“u gpfudp„’u gugp„R>d ipL$cpÆ gC Aph.

(gpfudp„ ÅsÅs“p„ ipL$ Å¡C“¡ s¡ AQfS> ‘pdu Åe R>¡.)

gugpcp : b¡V$p ! iy„ Ap‘y„ s“¡ ?

(V$b|qX$ep¡ L$p„C bp¡g¡ s¡ ‘l¡gp„ sp¡ ipL$cpÆ S> bp¡ghp gpÁep„ !)

6

V$b|qX$ep A¡ V$b|qX$ep ! g¡“¡ Ad“¡ sy„ lp’dp„,

’¡gudp„ “p„Mu“¡ gC Å“¡ sy„ kp’dp„.

V$pd¡V$p„ : V$b| , lº„ sp¡ gpgdgpg Ry>„.

spfp S>¡hp S> gukp dpfp Npg R>¡.

k|fZ, bV$pV$p, i½$qfep : Å¡ V$b|,

Adpfp ifuf ‘f R>¡ MpX$p

Ad¡ dpV$uhpmp„ A“¡ DOpX$p„.

V$]X$p¡mp„ : “p“p„ “p“p„, W„$X$p„

W„$X$p„ Ad¡ spfp„

S>¡hp„ S> cp¡mp„ cp¡mp„

f]NÏ„ : d¢ gugu V$p¡‘u dp’¡ ‘l¡fu “¡ bpSy>dp„ dpfp cpC cyÌ$p„ ÅX$p„ W$]NZp„.

L$p¡bu : V$b| , lº„ sp¡ Np¡mdV$p¡m,

dpfp„ gugp„ gugp„ ‘X$.

v|$^u : V$b| , dpf¡ A¡L$ ê$‘pmu Qp¡V$u,

“uQ¡ hp„Ly „ $ gp„by„ gugy„ ^X$.

NpS>f : V$b|qX$ep gC Å,

lghp¡ MpS>¡ “¡

“l] sp¡ L$fS>¡ L$Qy„bf.

syh¡f, hpgp¡m, ‘p‘X$u : V$b|

iy„ Ny“p¡ L$ep£ Ad¡ bp‘X$uA¡?

s|qfep, ‘fhm, ãgphf, d|mp,

c]X$p, g]by, L„$L$p¡X$p„ kp¥ kp’¡ :

V$b|qX$ep, lp’ Å¡X$u L$luA¡ b¡V$p, g¡ sy„ Ad“¡ ‘Z ’p¡X$p„ !

dfQp„, L$p¡’duf, aºv$u“p¡ :

c¥ep, ’p¡X$p„ ’¥gud¢ ldL$p¡ cu X$pgp¡.

Apv„y$ : V$b|qX$ep, lº„ flu S>Ci, sy„ d“¡e g¡“¡ A¡L$pvy „ $.

V$b|qX$ep¡ d“dp„ rhQpf¡ R>¡, b^p„ ipL$ sp¡ W$uL$ ... ‘Z ... Ap L$pf¡gp„ sp¡ R>¡ L$X$hp„, L$pf¡gp„“¡ Mp¡Vy „ $ A¡hy„ gpÁey„ L¡$ d„X$ép„ A¡ sp¡ V$‘V$‘ fX$hp„.

V$b|qX$ep¡ d|„TpC Nep¡ ... “¡ ’C Nep¡ A¡L$v$d Y$ugp¡. iy„ L$fy „ ? ’p¡X$uhpf ‘R>u A¡L$pA¡L$ bp¡ëep¡, gugpcp Ap v$k ê$r‘ep fpMu v$p¡ “¡ ’¡gudp„ gpfu“p„ ipL$ b^p„e ’p¡X$p„ ’p¡X$p„ “pMu v$p¡.

õhpÝepe


1) Tp¡mu - ....................... 2) Ngu> - ......................

3) “hpC - ....................... 4) ky„hpmp - ...................... 5) hp„L$ - ....................... 6) “uQp - ......................

7

k. 2 ep¡Áe fus¡ Å¡X$p¡.

(A) (b)

1) W„$Xy „ $ L$) duWy„$

2) ‘psmy„ M) MfbQXy„$

3) ê$‘pmy„ N$) Nfd

4) guky„ O) ÅXy„$

5) L$X$hy„ „ Q) gyÃQy„

6) cp¡my„ R>) L$v$ê$‘y„

k. 3 “d|“p âdpZ¡ iåv$p¡ b“php¡ : v$p.s. L$pf¡gy„ - L$pf¡gp„

1) f]NÏ„ - ....................... 2) V$pd¡Vy „ $> - ......................

3) bV¡$Vy „ $ - ....................... 4) s|qfey„ - ...................... 5) i½$qfey„ - ....................... 6) NgLy„$ - ......................

k. 4 iyÙ Å¡X$Zu v$ip®hsp iåv$ afs¡ L$fp¡.

1) V$byX$ép V$byX$uep V$b|qX$ep

2) iL$fuep i½$qfep iL$fep

3) d|„ThZ dy„S>hZ d|„S>hZ

k. 5 “pd gMp¡.

1) v$pZphpmp„ ipL$ : ..........................................................

2) L$pQp„ Mphp“p„ ipL$ : ..........................................................

3) lghp¡ b“phpsp„ ipL$ : ..........................................................

4) h^pf¡ ‘p„v$X$p„hpmp„ ipL$ : ..........................................................

t k„cpjZ : rhÛp’}Ap¡ ipL$cpÆ“p„ ‘pÓp¡ b“u v$f¡L$ ‘p¡sp“u rhi¡jsp ‘pW$“p Ap^pf¡ s¡dS> ‘p¡sp“p iåv$p¡dp„ fS|> L$fi¡.

k. 6 Ap¡mMp¡ Å¡CA¡.

1) dçduA¡ ipL$ g¡hp dp¡L$ëep¡.

2) V$b|qX$ep¡ dpfu gpfuA¡ ipL$ g¡hp Apìep¡.

3) gukp„ Npghpmp„ gpgdgpg.

4) dpV$uhpmp„, DOpX$p„ A“¡ MpX$phpmp„.

5) “p“p„“p“p„, W„$X$p„-W„$X$p„ A“¡ cp¡mp„ cp¡mp„.

8

k. 7 ep¡Áe rhL$ë‘ ‘k„v$ L$fu hp¼e ‘|fp„ L$fp¡.

1) L$pf¡gp„ fX$hp gpÁep„. L$pfZ L¡$, ...................................................

(L$) s¡ õhpv$dp„ L$X$hp„ lsp„.

(M) s¡“¡ V$b|qX$epA¡ gu^p„ “rl.

(N) s¡“¡ L$X$hp„ L$üp„ dpV¡$ Mp¡Vy „ $ gpÁey„.

2) V$b|qX$ep¡ d|„TpC Nep¡. L$pfZ L¡$, .................................................

(L$) L$pf¡gp„“p„ fX$hp’u s¡ Y$ugp¡ ’C Nep¡.

(M) s¡“¡ iy„ L$fhy„ s¡ kdÅsy„ “lp¡sy„.

(N) ipL$hpmpA¡ s¡“¡ ipL$ Ap‘hp“u “p ‘pX$u.

3) dçduA¡ V$b|qX$ep“¡ v$k ê$r‘ep Apàep. L$pfZ L¡$, ...........................

(L$) v$X$p¡ g¡hp dpV¡$.

(M) ipL$cpÆ g¡hp dpV¡$.

(N) c¡m‘|fu Mphp dpV¡$.

k. 8 “uQ¡“p„ hp¼ep¡ L$p¡Z bp¡g¡ R>¡ ? L$p¡“¡ L$l¡ R>¡ ?

1) ""dpf¡ A¡L$ ê$‘pmu Qp¡V$u, “uQ¡ hp„Ly „ $, gp„by„, gugy„ ^X$.''

2) ""Ap g¡ ’¡gu “¡ v$k ê$r‘ep.''

3) ""b¡V$p ! iy„ Ap‘y„ s“¡?''

k. 9 ApX$pAhmp iåv$p¡“¡ ep¡Áe ¾$ddp„ Np¡W$hu“¡ A’®‘|Z® hp¼e b“php¡.-

1) gugp„R>d gugpcp“u “pL¡$ i¡fu“p Aph gC gpfudp„’u ipL$cpÆ

2) ipL$cpÆ S> V$b|qX$ep¡ bp¡g¡ L„$C bp¡ghp„ gpÁep„ s¡ ‘l¡gp„

k. 10 ‘pW$dp„’u ep¡Áe iåv$ ip¡^p¡ : v$p.s. V$pd¡V$p„ - gpgdgpg.

1) ................ - dpV$uhpmp„ A“¡ DOpX$p„

2) V$]X$p¡mp„ - ............................

3) L$p¡bu - ............................

4) ................ - L$X$hp„

5) ................ - ê$‘pmu Qp¡V$u

k. 10 ÅZp¡ R>p¡ s¡ gMp¡.

1) D‘hpkdp„ Mhpsp„ ipL -$ ......................, ......................

2) sd“¡ M|b cphsp„ ipL$ -$ ......................, ......................

9

3) sd“¡ “ cphsp„ ipL$ -$ ......................, ......................

4) kgpX$ b“phhpdp„ D‘ep¡Nu ipL$ - $...................., ....................

âL$ë‘

t Sy>v$p„Sy>v$p„ ipL$cpÆ“p„ rQÓp¡“p¡ k„N°l L$fp¡. s¡d“¡ sdpfu fus¡ hN}L$fZ L$fu“¡ QpV®$kdp„ Qp¡ „V$pX$p¡.


1) R>fu dpfu d“¡ 2) gpg Ry>„, gugy„ Ry>„,“¡ fX$hp b¡W$p sd¡ ? õhpv$dp„ suMy„ suMy„ Ry>„,L¡$d d“¡ Mpsp “’u ? Ap„Mdp„ ‘pZu gphy„ Ry>„,iy„ õhpv$lu“ R>p¡ sd¡ ? sp¡ e sd“¡ cphy„ Ry>„.

3) lº„ gpg Ry>„, gugy„ Ry>„, 4) r‘‘|X$u“p ApL$pf S>¡hy„,guky„ Np¡mNp¡m Ry>„, lº„ Ry>„ kph A“¡fy„,MpVy„$ Ry>„, duWy„$ Ry>„, L$fdQ„v$ Åk|k“¡ lº„,õhpv$dp„ blº dÅ“y„ Ry>„. lsy„ OÏ„ àepfy„.dpfpdp„’u kp¡k b“¡, L$Qy„bf A“¡ lghpdp„,k|‘ b“¡, L¡$Q‘ b“¡, dpfy„ õ’p“ r“fpmy„,dpfp rh“p ‘pJcpÆ L$p¡bu, aZku, hV$pZp“¡auL$u auL$u b“¡. lº„ Ry>„ OÏ„ hlpgy„.

5) õhpv$dp„ cg¡ lº„ L$X$hy„,‘Z NyZ dpfp R>¡ duW$p,dpfp¡ fk S>¡ ‘uA¡ s¡“p,fp¡N “pksp v$uW$p.


DMpZp„ DL$¡gu“¡ rhjeprcdyM L$ep® ‘R>u âõsys L©$rs“y„ AÝee“ “pV$éuL$fZ Üpfp L$fphhy„. gOyâñp¡ Üpfp rhÛp’}Ap¡“y„ ‘|h®op“ QL$pksp S>C “hy„ op“ dprlsuê$‘¡ Ap‘u iL$pe. âÐen ipL$cpÆ bsphu bsphu“¡ s¡“¡ Ap¡mMphhp“p¡ s¡dS> s¡“p NyS>fpsu “pd“p¡ ‘qfQe L$fphhp“p¡ ApN°l fpMhp¡. gugp„ ipL$cpÆ Apfp¡Áe dpV¡$ Arsie gpcv$peu R>¡ s¡ kdÅhu bpmL$p¡“¡ r“erds ipL$cpÆ Mphp“u â¡fZp Ap‘hu. ipL$cpÆ“p hs®dp“ cphp¡ rhi¡ QQp® L$fu rhÛp’}Ap¡“y„ kpdpÞe op“ QL$pkhy„.

ipL$cpÆ MpAp¡ - spÅ„dpÅ„ ’pAp¡.

10

3. hpv$mp„ hfk¡ R>¡t r“funZ L$fu“¡ L$lp¡.

Ap sp¡ hjp®fpZu“y„ fpS>,

L¡$ hpv$mp„ hfk¡ R>¡ !

d“ d|L$u“¡ ‘gmuA¡ ApS>,


huS>mu Tb|L$ TbL$u Åe,


Apc s|V$é|„, L$X$pL$p ’pe,


TpX$, S>„Ng “¡ ‘lpX$p¡ Þlpe


“v$u - “pmp„Ap¡ v$p¡X$sp„ Åe


‘©Õhu ‘pZu’u g]‘pe


11

‘R>u gugu gugu ’C Åe


Ap sp¡ hjp®fpZu“y„ fpS>


klº Qpgp¡ ‘gmuA¡ ApS>


õhpÝepe


1) c]Åhy„ - ..................... 2) ApL$pi> - ......................

3) h“ - ..................... 4) ‘h®s - ......................

5) ^fsu - ..................... 6) b^p„ - ......................

k. 2 “d|“p âdpZ¡ iåv$ b“php¡.

v$p.s. g]‘hy„ - g]‘pe v$p.s. hfk - hfkhy„

1) v$p¡X$hy„ - ...................... 1) ‘gm - ......................

2) L$fhy„ - ...................... 2) v$p¡X$ - ......................

3) Qfhy„ - ...................... 3) Tb|L$ - ......................

4) sfhy„ - ...................... 4) S>d - ......................

5) Qpghy„ - ...................... 5) lk - ......................


(A) (b)

1) huS>mu L$) v$p¡X$sp„ Åe R>¡.

2) ‘©Õhu M) hfkpv$dp„ Þlpe R>¡.

3) “v$u-“pmp„Ap¡ N$) Tb|L$ TbL$u Åe R>¡.

4) S>„Ng A“¡ TpX$ O) ‘pZu’u g]‘pC Åe R>¡.

12

k. 4 “uQ¡“p iåv$p¡“p¡ D‘ep¡N L$fu hp¼e b“php¡.

1) hpv$mp„ 2) huS>mu 3) Apc 4) ‘lpX$

k. 5 “v$u-“pmp„, M¡g-L|$v$ S>¡hp buÅ ‘p„Q Å¡X$iåv$p¡ ‘yõsL$dp„’u ip¡^u“¡ gMp¡.

t k„cpjZ : ‘l¡gp hfkpv$dp„ ‘gmhp’u sd“¡ S>¡ Ap“„v$ ’pe s¡“¡ ‘p„Q ’u kps hp¼ep¡dp„ v$ip®hp¡.

k. 6 ep¡Áe rhL$ë‘ ‘k„v$ L$fp¡.

1) hpv$mp„ ................ hfk¡ R>¡.

(L$) hk„sF>sy“p fpS>dp„

(M) hjp®fpZu“p fpS>dp„

(N) N°uódF>sy“p fpS>dp„

2) bpmL$p¡ d“ d|L$u“¡ .................

(L$) fd¡ R>¡.

(M) sf¡ R>¡.

(N) ‘gm¡ R>¡.

3) “v$u-“pmp„Ap¡ ........................

(L$) v$p¡X$sp„ Åe R>¡.

(M) Ecp„ flu Åe R>¡.

(N) R>gL$pC Åe R>¡.

k. 7 L$pìe‘„[¼sdp„ M|V$sp¡ iåv$ d|L$p¡.

1) d“ d|L$u ............. ApS>.

2) Apc s|V$éy„ ............ ’pe.

3) ‘R>u gugu ............. ’C Åe.

4) huS>mu ............ TbL$u Åe.

k. 8 L$lp¡ Å¡CA¡. sdpfp¡ S>hpb L$p¦kdp„’u ‘k„v$ L$fp¡.

(hjp®F>sydp„, ‘pZu’u, huS>mu“p, R>gL$pe)

1) hpv$mp„ hfk¡ R>¡. - ........................

2) Apc s|V$hp’u L$X$pL$p ’pe R>¡. - ........................

3) ‘©Õhu g]‘pC Åe R>¡. - ........................

4) “v$u-“pmp„Ap¡ v$p¡X$sp ’pe R>¡. - ........................

13

k. 9 “uQ¡“p A’® v$ip®hsu L$pìe‘„[¼s L$lp¡.

1) hjp®fpZu“p fpS>dp„ hfkpv$ hfkhp’u Qpgp¡ klº kp’¡ dmu“¡ ‘gmuA¡A“¡ Ap“„v$ L$fuA¡.

2) hfkpv$“p hfkhp’u ApL$pi ÅZ¡ s|V$éy„ lp¡e s¡d huS>mu“p L$X$pL$p’pe R>¡. A“¡ s¡ Tb|L$ Tb|L$ TbL$hp gpN¡ R>¡.

k. 10 sd“¡ kp¥’u râe lp¡e s¡ F>sy rhi¡ ‘p„Q¡L$ hp¼ep¡“p¡ ‘qfÃR>¡v$ s¥epf L$fp¡.

âL$ë‘

t "hjp®L$pìep¡'“p¡ k„N°l L$fu kfk dÅ“p¡ “p“L$X$p¡ L$pìek„N°l b“php¡.


‘l¡fp¡ õh¡V$f, ‘l¡fp¡ b„X$u,Sy>Ap¡ riepmp¡ gpìep¡ W„$X$u.lh¡ r“ipm¡ gugu T„X$u,g¡k“ L$fhp ‘X$Å¡ d„X$u.

EW$u hl¡gp L$kfs L$fÅ¡,fp¡S> ifuf¡ dprgi L$fÅ¡.v$p¡X$u S>C d¡v$p“¡ afÅ¡,“hu lhp“¡ A„N¡ cfÅ¡.

Mph MS|>f “¡ Mpf¡L$ TpTu,

srbes fl¡i¡ kv$pe spÆ.

Å¡ spÆ-kpÆ srbes li¡,

sp¡ L$pd sdpfp„ TV$‘V$ ’i¡.


L©$rs“u iê$Apsdp„ Ap‘¡gp rQÓp¡“y„ r“funZ L$fphu s¡“¡ gNsp gOyâñp¡“u dv$v$’u k„hpv$ kp^hp¡. s¡ fus¡ L$pìe“p rhje-hõsy“y„ õ‘ô$uL$fZ L$fhy„. Ap D‘fp„s hjp®F>sy“p„ Å¡X$L$Zp„ L¡$ hjp®Nusp¡“p Np“ Üpfp ‘Z rhÛp’}Ap¡“¡ rhjeprcdyM L$fu iL$pe. "hpv$mp„ hfk¡ R>¡'“u ‘y“fy[¼s“p¡ Ap“„v$ A“ychhp L$pìe“y„ kd|lNp“ L$fphhy„. hjp®F>sy ‘R>u âL©$rsdp„ ’sp„ ‘qfhs®“ rhi¡ kq¾$e QQp® L$fhu. Arsh©rô$ A“¡ A“ph©rô$“u kdS> Ap‘hu. bpmL$p¡“¡ AphX$sp„ lp¡e s¡hp„ hjp®Nusp¡ L¡$ Å¡X$L$Zp„ s¡Ap¡ kpd¡’u Npe s¡ dpV¡$ âp¡Ðkpl“ Ap‘hy„.

S>m A¡ S> Æh“ R>¡.

14

4. A‘iyL$r“epm L$p¡Z ?

t Qpgp¡ hpsp® kp„cmuA¡.

Apõ’p “pd“u A¡L$ sdpfp S>¡hX$u S> R>p¡L$fu lsu. s¡ ‘Z R>Ì$p ^p¡fZdp„ S> cZsu lsu. A¡L$ hMs s¡ ipmpdp„ Aphhp “uL$mu Ðepf¡ s¡“u dçduA¡ s¡“¡ L$üy„ L¡$, "b¡V$p, lº„ spfu kp’¡ S> Aphy„ Ry>„. îÙp“y„ A¡X$rdi“ g¡hp“y„ R>¡.' Apõ’p s¡“u bl¡“ îÙp“¡ gC“¡ ipmpA¡ S>hp s¥epf ’C NC. s¡“u dçdu ‘Z s¥epf S> lsu. s¡ Q„‘g ‘l¡fhp S>su lsu Ðep„ S> s¡“p kpky“¡ R>]L$ Aphu. s¡“u kp-kyA¡ s¡“¡ fp¡L$sp L$üy„ L¡$, ""‘p„Q rdr“V$ Mdu Å. A‘iyL$“ ’ep dpV¡$ A¡X$dui“ “rl dm¡.'' ‘f„sy Apõ’p“u dçdu cZ¡gu blº “lp¡su ‘Z NZ¡gu lsu. s¡“pdp„ h¥opr“L$ ×[óV$L$p¡Z“p¡ kpfp¡ A¡hp¡ rhL$pk ’ep¡ lsp¡. s¡Z¡ s¡“u kpky“¡ L$üy„ L¡$, ""bp, tQsp “rl L$fp¡. iyL$“-A‘iyL$“ S>¡hy„ L„$C S> lp¡sy„ “’u. îÙp bfpbf

bp¡gi¡ S> A¡hp¡ d“¡ rhðpk R>¡. s¡’u s¡“¡ A¡X$dui“ ‘Z S>ê$f dmi¡.'' Apd L$lu s¡ Apõ’p kp’¡ Qpgu “uL$mu. ipmpdp„ ApQpep®A¡ ‘|R>¡gp v$f¡L$ âñ“p S>hpb îÙpA¡ ApÐdrhðpk‘|h®L$ Apàep. s¡“¡ A¡X$dui“ ‘Z dmu Ney„. s¡ Myi ’su Of¡ Aphu. îÙp“¡ v$pv$u“¡ ‘N¡ gNpX$u. ‘p¡s¡ ‘Z kpky“¡ “d“ L$ep® A“¡ L$üy„ L¡$, ""bp, Sy>Ap¡ îÙp“¡ A¡X$dui“ dmu Ney„ R>¡. sd“¡ R>]L$ Aphu lsu s¡ Ly$v$fsu lsu. s¡dp„ A‘iyL$“ ’pe S> “rl. lh¡ sp¡ sd¡ dpfu hps kp’¡ klds R>p¡ “¡ ?'' s¡“u kpkyA¡ s¡“p dp’p D‘f hlpg‘|h®L$ lp’ a¡fìep¡ A“¡ L$üy„ L¡$, ""lp b¡V$p-spfu hps kph kpQu R>¡. lh¡’u lº„ ‘Z iyL$“-A‘iyL$“dp„ “rl dp“y„-bk.'' Ap hpsp® D‘f’u sd¡ ip¡ A’® spfìep¡ s¡“u v$f¡L¡$v$f¡L$ rhÛp’}Ap¡ A„v$fp¡A„v$f QQp® L$ep® ‘R>u sdpfp¡

õ‘ô$ Arcâpe dp¡V¡$’u hN®dp„ L$lp¡.

15

A¡L$ Npddp„ “pfpeZ “pd“p¡ A¡L$ dpZk fl¡sp¡ lsp¡. gp¡L$p¡ s¡“¡ A‘iyL$r“epm dp“sp lsp. gp¡L$p¡“y„ dp“hy„ lsy„ L¡$ s¡“y„ dp¢ Å¡hp’u Mphp“y„ kyÙp„ dmsy„ “’u. Ap hps Äepf¡ Npd“p fpÅ“¡ Mbf ‘X$u Ðepf¡ fpÅA¡ s¡“¡ Å¡hp“u BÃR>p L$fu. sfs S> s¡“¡ v$fbpfdp„ bp¡gphhpdp„ Apìep¡.

fpÅA¡ “pfpeZ“¡ Å¡ep¡. ‘R>u sfs S> ’p¡X$p rk‘pC kp’¡ L„$C L$pd A’£ buÅ Npd¡ S>hp “uL$mu ‘X$ép. s¡ qv$hk¡ fpÅ“y„ L$p¡C S> L$pd “ ’ey„. s¡“u NpX$u ‘Z L$pv$hdp„ akpC NC. A“¡L$ dyíL¡$gu h¡W$u“¡ fpÅ c|¿ep, sfõep Of¡ ‘pR>p Apìep. Ðepf¡ A¡L$ rk‘pCA¡ L$üy„, ""dlpfpS>, Ap‘¡ ApS>¡ “pfpeZ“y„ dp¢ Å¡ey„ A¡V$g¡ S> Apd bÞey„.'' fpÅA¡ sfs S> “pfpeZ“¡ ap„ku Ap‘hp“p¡ lºL$d L$ep£.

“pfpeZ“¡ v$fbpfdp„ bp¡gphu s¡“¡ kÅ k„cmphu A“¡ ap„ku Ap‘hp“p¡ qv$hk “½$u L$ep£.

Äepf¡ “pfpeZ“¡ ap„ku Ap‘hp“u lsu Ðepf¡ fpÅA¡ s¡“¡ ApMfu BÃR>p ‘|R>u Ðepf¡ “pfpeZ¡ Ars “d°sp’u L$üy„, ""dpfu ApMfu BÃR>p sp¡ L$p„C “’u ‘f„sy Ap‘ fÅ Ap‘p¡ sp¡ dpf¡ A¡L$ hps L$l¡hu R>¡.'' fpÅA¡ hps L$l¡hp“u fÅ Ap‘u s¡’u “pfpeZ bp¡ëep¡, ""dlpfpS>, Ap‘¡ dpfy„ dp¡Yy „ $ Å¡ey„ sp¡ Ap‘“¡ cp¡S>“ “ dþey„ A“¡ d¢ Ap‘“y„ dp¡Yy „ $ Å¡ey„ sp¡ d“¡ ap„ku dmu. lh¡ Ap‘ S> L$lp¡ A‘iyL$r“epm L$p¡Z R>¡ ?''

fpÅA¡ iftdv$Nu A“ychu A“¡

“pfpeZ“¡ R>p¡X$u d|¼ep¡.

A‘iyL$r“epm L$p¡Z ?

16

õhpÝepe


1) L$Q¡fu - ....................... 2) sL$gua - ......................

3) Apop - ....................... 4) A„rsd - ...................... 5) cp¢W$‘ - ....................... 6) dfÆ - ......................

k. 2 “uQ¡“p iåv$p¡“p¡ D‘ep¡N L$fu hp¼e b“php¡.

1) fpÅ 2) cp¡S>“ 3) qv$hk 4) ap„ku

k. 3 klk„b„^ ^fphsp¡ iåv$ L$p¦kdp„’u ‘k„v$ L$fp¡.

(A‘iyL$“, Ar“ÃR>p, â’d, rb“A“ych, fps, “d°)

1) iyL$“ - A‘iyL$“ 2) DÙs> - ......................

3) BÃR>p - ....................... 4) ApMfu - ......................

5) A“ych - ....................... 6) qv$hk - ......................

k. 4 "A‘iyL$r“epm' iåv$dp„’u S>¡V$gp “hp iåv$p¡ b“u iL¡$ s¡V$gp b“php¡.

(v$p.s. ‘m, ‘iy, L$m) Nd¡ s¡V$gp Anf“p iåv$ b“phu iL$pe.

k. 5 “uQ¡“p„ rhfpdrQŒp¡ Ap¡mMu“¡ gMp¡.

(1) ? (2) . (3) , (4) ! (5) : (6) " '

k. 6 iåv$p¡“¡ ep¡Áe ¾$ddp„ Np¡W$hu A’®‘|Z® hp¼e b“php¡.

1) lsp¡ fl¡sp¡ dpZk “pfpeZ A¡L$ “pd“p¡ Npddp„

2) v$fbpfdp„ Apìep¡ bp¡gphhpdp„ S> sfs s¡“¡

3) sp¡ Ap‘p¡ fÅ ‘f„sy R>¡ hps Ap‘ dpf¡ A¡L$ L$l¡hu

t k„cpjZ : sd¡ ‘funp Ap‘hp Of¡’u “uL$þep Ðepf¡ ‘pX$p¡iu“u rbgpX$uA¡ sdpfp Ofdp„ âh¡i L$ep¤ - sp¡ sd¡ iy„ L$fip¡ ? s¡ L$lp¡.

k. 7 L$lp¡ Å¡CA¡.

1) “pfpeZ“¡ A‘iyL$r“epm dp““pf ...................................................

2) “pfpeZ“¡ ap„ku Ap‘hp“u kÅ“p¡ lºL$d Ap‘“pf .................................

3) fpÅ kp’¡ S>“pf ........................................................................

4) fpÅ“¡ QsyfpC‘|h®L$ A‘iyL$r“epm NZph“pf .....................................

5) L$pv$hdp„ akpC S>“pf ..................................................................

17

k. 8 “uQ¡“p„ hp¼ep¡ L$p¡Z bp¡g¡ R>¡ ? L$p¡“¡ L$l¡ R>¡ ?

1) "dlpfpS>, Ap‘¡ ApS>¡ “pfpeZ“y„ dp¢ Å¡ey„ A¡V$g¡ S> Apd bÞey„.'

2) "Ap‘ fÅ Ap‘p¡ sp¡ dpf¡ A¡L$ hps L$l¡hu R>¡.'

3) "lh¡ Ap‘ S> L$lp¡ L¡$ A‘iyL$r“epm L$p¡Z R>¡ ?'

k. 9 ep¡Áe rhL$ë‘ ‘k„v$ L$fu“¡ hp¼e ‘|Z® L$fp¡.

1) fpÅ“u NpX$u ............................................

(L$) L$pv$hdp„ akpC NC.

(M) L|$hpdp„ ‘X$u NC.

(N) V²$L$ kp’¡ A’X$pC NC.

2) fpÅA¡ “pfpeZ“¡ ............................................

(L$) aV$L$p dpfhp“p¡ lºL$d L$ep¤.

(M) ap„ku Ap‘hp“p¡ lºL$d L$ep¤.

(N) S>¡gdp„ ‘|fhp“p¡ lºL$d L$ep¤.

3) fpÅA¡ iftdv$Nu A“ychu. L$pfZ L¡$, .........................................

(L$) “pfpeZ¡ s¡“¡ gpap¡ dpep¤.

(M) “pfpeZ¡ s¡“y„ A‘dp“ L$ey¯.

(N) “pfpeZ¡ s¡“¡ QsyfpC‘|h®L$ A‘iyL$r“epm W¡$fìep¡.

k. 10 “uQ¡“u âq¾$ep“¡ ¾$ddp„ Np¡W$hp¡ :

1) “pfpeZ“¡ ap„ku Ap‘hp“p¡ lºL$d L$ep¤.

2) fpÅ“y„ L$p¡C S> L$pd “ ’ey„.

3) fpÅA¡ “pfpeZ“¡ R>p¡X$u d|¼ep¡.

4) “pfpeZ“¡ v$fbpfdp„ bp¡gphhpdp„ Apìep¡.

5) fpÅA¡ “pfpeZ“¡ ApMfu BÃR>p ‘|R>u.

k. 11 sdpfp iåv$p¡dp„ hp¼e ‘|Z® L$fp¡.

1) Ap‘¡ dpfy„ dp¡Yy„$ Å¡ey„ .........................................................................

.....................................................................................................

2) gp¡L$p¡ “pfpeZ“¡ A‘iyL$r“epm dp“sp lsp.

L$pfZ L¡$ s¡Ap¡“y„ dp“hy„ lsy„ L¡$, .........................................................

.....................................................................................................

3) sd¡ “pfpeZ“¡/fpÅ“¡ A‘iyL$r“epm dp“p¡ R>p¡. L$pfZ L¡$ .................

.............................................................................................

18

âL$ë‘

t sdpfu ipmpdp„ "A„^îÙp r“d|®g“ kàspl'“u DS>hZu ’C flu R>¡. s¡ A„sN®s “uL$m“pfu âcpsa¡fu“u ‘|h®s¥epfu ê$‘¡ "A„^îÙp v|$f L$fhp bpbs“p k„v$¡ipk|Óp¡' gM¡gp b¡“fp¡ s¥epf L$fp¡.


sd¡ Apdp„ dp“p¡ R>p¡ ?

t L$p¡C ‘Z L$pd L$fhp S>su hMs¡ rbgpX$u ApX$u Esf¡ sp¡ Ap‘Z¡ A‘iyL$“ dp“uA¡ R>uA¡ ‘f„sy L$pd“¡ A“¡ rbgpX$u“¡ L$p¡C k„b„^ “’u.

t Apfsu L$fsu hMs¡ Å¡ v$uhp¡ Ap¡ghpC Åe sp¡ Ap‘Z¡ A‘iyL$“ dp“uA¡ R>uA¡ ‘f„sy v$uhp¡ lhp’u Ap¡ghpep¡ lp¡e A’hp sp¡ Ou Ap¡R>„ y - h^pf¡ ‘|fpC Ney„ lp¡e sp¡ v$uhp¡ Ap¡ghpC S>hp“u i¼esp fl¡ R>¡.

t blpf S>su hMs¡ L$p¡C“¡ R>]L$ Aph¡ sp¡ Ap‘Z¡ s¡“¡ ‘Z A‘iyL$“ dp“uA¡ R>uA¡. Mfu fus¡ R>]L$“¡ A“¡ blpf S>hp“¡ L$p¡C S> k„b„^ “’u.

t lL$uL$s sp¡ A¡ R>¡ L¡$ kpQu dl¡“s A“¡ Bdp“v$pfu’u ’sp„ L$p¡C ‘Z L$pe®“¡ L$p¡C S> iyL$“ L¡$ A‘iyL$“ “X$sp„ “’u s¡ Ap‘Z¡ kp¥A¡ kdS>hp“u S>ê$f R>¡, kp’¡ buÅ“¡ kdÅhhp“u ‘Z Ap‘Zu “¥rsL$ afS> R>¡.


L©$rs“u iê$Apsdp„ Ap‘¡gp âk„N“¡ hpsp®ê$‘¡ L$lp¡. ‘R>u v$f¡L$ rhÛp’}“p Ofdp„ b“sp Aphp “p“p-dp¡V$p âk„Np¡ rhi¡ fQ“pÐdL$ k„hpv$ kp^p¡. s¡ Üpfp bpmL$p¡“p A„Ns rhQpfp¡ ÅZu s¡dp„ S>ê$f S>Zpe Ðep„ h¥opr“L$ ArcNd“¡ kp„L$mu rhÛp’}Ap¡“p d“dp„ A„^îÙp âÐe¡“p “L$pf“¡ õ’p‘hp ‘ep®às âeÐ“ L$fhp. âñp¡Ñf A“¡ õ‘óV$uL$fZ Üpfp rhjehõsy“p¡ õ‘ô$ ¿epg Ap‘p¡. A„sdp„ Ap âk„N“y„ hN®dp„ “pV$éuL$fZ Ahíe L$fphp¡. “pfpeZ A“¡ fpÅ“p ‘pÓp¡ bv$gu“¡ ‘p„Q’u kps hMs Ap “pqV$L$p“y„ âpÐernL$ L$fphp¡. Ap L©$rs Üpfp rhÛp’}Ap¡“p¡ h¥opr“L$ ×rô$L$p¡Z rhõs©s b“¡ s¡ dpV¡$“u L$pmÆ fpMp¡. iyc L¡$ Aiyc qv$hkp¡ S>¡hy„ ‘Z L„$C S> lp¡sy„ “’u. s¡ hps rhÛp’}Ap¡“p dNS>dp„ W$kphhy„ S>ê$fu R>¡.

îÙp S>ê$f fpMp¡ - A„^îÙp “rl S> “rl.

19

D‘¾$d - 1t Ap‘¡gp iåv$Qp¡fkdp„ sl¡hpfp¡“p„ “pd ApX$pAhmp„ L¡$ Óp„kp R|>‘pe¡gp„ R>¡ s¡ ip¡^p¡ A“¡ s¡“u afs¡ L$fp¡. “d|“p“y„ A¡L$ L$fu bsph¡g R>¡.

1) fnpb„^“ 2) lp¡mu 3) ^|m¡V$u 4) “pspg 5) “hfpÓu 6) S>Þdpô$du 7) AMpÓuS> 8) ‘s¡su 9) NZ¡iQsy’} 10) DsfpZ 11) Cv$ 12) fpd“hdu 13) qv$hpmu

t Ap‘¡gp„ rQÓp¡ Ap¡mMu s¡“p rhi¡ b¡ - b¡ hp¼ep¡ gMp¡.

v$ “ ^ b„ np f

B d d S> ^| g

“p sp S> Þdp m¡ lp¡

“p f h h V$u mu

D s$ fp Z du hp ‘

A Mp Óu S> qv$ ‘p s¡

N Z¡ i Q sy ’} su

fp

g

“

óV$

20

5. blpvy$f bpmp

t Qpgp¡ hp„QuA¡...

ky„v$f‘yf “pd“y„ A¡L$ Npd lsy„. s¡ Npddp„ A¡L$ kfk dÅ“y„ smph lsy„. smph“¡ qL$“pf¡ hX$“y„ TpX$ lsy„. s¡ Npddp„ A¡L$ kyMu ‘qfhpf fl¡sp¡ lsp¡. ‘qfhpfdp„ v$pv$p-v$pv$u, dçdu-‘à‘p, cpC-bl¡“, L$pL$p, aCbp lsp„. cpC ip¥e® A“¡ bl¡“ hufp M|bS> lp¢riepf sp¡ lsp„ S> ‘f„sy s¡d“p„ “pd“¡ kp’®L$ L$f¡ s¡hp„ blpvy$f ‘Z lsp„. s¡Ap¡

v$ffp¡S> kp„S>¡ smph“p qL$“pf¡ fdhp S>sp„.

A¡L$ qv$hk A¡hy„ bÞey„ L¡$, smph“¡ qL$“pf¡ fdsp„ bpmL$p¡dp„’u A¡L$ bpmL$ AQp“L$ S> smphdp„ ‘X$u Ney„. ip¥e® A“¡ hufp Ap Å¡C“¡ L$p¡C ‘Z Ås“p¡

rhQpf L$ep® hNf sfs S> smphdp„ L|$v$u ‘X$ép„. ‘p¡sp“p Å““u ‘fhp L$ep® hNf dlpdykubs¡ ‘¡gp bpmL$“¡ blpf gC Apìep„. K^p¡ kyhpX$u s¡“p ‘¡V$dp„’u ‘pZu L$pY$u ‘R>u “ÆL$“u lpµ[õ‘V$gdp„ gC Nep„. ‘R>u hufpA¡ ap¡“ L$fu“¡ s¡“p„ dçdu-‘à‘p“¡ bp¡gpìep. s¡dZ¡ b^u hps ÅÎep ‘R>u b„“¡ cpC-bl¡““¡ M|bM|b Arc“„v$“ Apàep„.

Ap hps“u ÅZ ApMp Npddp„ a¡gpC Nep ‘R>u Npd“p gp¡L$p¡A¡ Ap cpC-bl¡““u blpvy$fu“u M|b âi„kp L$fu. s¡d“u ipmpA¡ 26du ÅÞeyApfu“p qv$hk¡ Ål¡fdp„ s¡d“u blpvy$fu“y„ kÞdp“ L$fu B“pd Ap‘u“¡ “hpÄep.

Nfhp NyS>fpsdp„ Aph¡gp rNf“pf“u sm¡V$udp„ A¡L$ NpdXy„$ R>¡. s¡dp„ dp„X$ kp¡-khpkp¡ Of R>¡. s¡dp„ A¡L$ Ofdp„ k„Op fOp L$pW$u fl¡sp lsp. s¡d“¡ v$k hj®“u v$uL$fu ip„sp A“¡ kps hj®“p¡ v$uL$fp¡ L¡$iy A¡d b¡ k„sp“p¡ lsp„.

A¡L$ qv$hk dpsp-r‘sp S>„Ngdp„ dS|>fu L$fhp Nep„. khpf¡ v$k hpÁep“p¡ kde lsp¡. “p“p¡ L¡$iy Ap„NZpdp„ fdsp¡ lsp¡. ip„sp “ÆL$“p hpX$pdp„ NC lsu.

Ðep„ S> AQp“L$ A¡L$ v$u‘X$p¡ ÓpV$¼ep¡. v$u‘X$p“u Ap„Mp¡ A„Npfp S>¡hu lsu. v$p„s ArZepmp lsp. Aphp¡ rhL$fpm v$u‘X$p¡ “p“p L¡$iy“¡ L$p¡rmep¡ b“phhp ApNm “¡ ApNm ^ku füp¡ lsp¡. Ðep„ S> AQp“L$ ip„sp Aphu QX$u. s¡“u ‘pk¡ L$p¡C S> lr’epf “lp¡sy„.

“ÆL$dp„ ‘X¡$gy„ A¡L$ kp¡Yy „ $ gC s¡ sfs S> v$u‘X$p D‘f L|$v$u ‘X$u. s¡Z¡ v$u‘X$p“¡ aV$paV$ kp¡Y$p“p aV$L$p dpfhp

21

dp„X$ép. v$u‘X$p¡ QL$fu MpC ^fpipeu ’C

Nep¡.

Ap OV$“pdp„ ip„spA¡ rhfg A“¡ Ac|s‘|h® ip¥e® bspìey„ lsy„. dpV¡$ 26 ÅÞeyApfu 1994dp„ fpóV²$‘rs“p hfv¹$lõs¡

ip„sp“y„ Archpv$“ L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ lsy„.

(“p¢^ : Ap A¡L$ kÐeOV$“p R>¡. bpmL$p¡, sd¡ ‘Z ip„sp“u S>¡d kpd¡ Aph¡gp ‘X$L$pf Tughp“u cph“p AÐepf’u S> L¡$mhÅ¡. sd¡ ‘Z Mf¡Mf blpvy$f S> R>p¡. Mfy„ “¡ ! sp¡ ‘R>u ApS>’u S> d“dp„ fl¡gp L$p¡C ‘Z âL$pf“p Mp¡V$p

ce“¡ L$pY$u “p„MÅ¡.)

õhpÝepe


1) bpmL$ - ...................... 2) A¡L$pA¡L$ - ......................

3) Ap¡Åf - ...................... 4) ce„L$f - ...................... 5) Qpb|L$ - ...................... 6) S>du“v$p¡õs - ......................

7) blºdp“ - ..................... 8) ^pfv$pf - ......................

k. 2 Dv$plfZ âdpZ¡ L$fp¡.

v$p.s. NpdXy„$ - NpdX$p„

1) lr’epf - ...................... 2) k„sp“> - ......................

3) v$u‘X$p¡ - ...................... 4) v$uL$fu - ......................

5) qv$hk - ...................... 6) Ap„NÏ„ - ......................

22

k. 3 iåv$p¡“¡ ep¡Áe¾$ddp„ Np¡W$hu A’®‘|Z® hp¼e b“php¡.

1) k„Op fl¡sp fOp A¡L$ L$pW$u Ofdp„ lsp

2) lsu S>¡hu A„Npfp Ap„Mp¡ v$u‘X$p“u

3) aV$paV$ aV$L$p s¡Z¡ kp¢Y$p“p dpep® v$u‘X$p“¡

4) L$ey¯ lsy„ Archpv$“ ip„sp“y„ fpô²$‘rsA¡

k. 4 “d|“p âdpZ¡ iåv$ b“php¡.

(A) v$p.s. sm¡V$u - riMf (b) v$p.s. L$pL$p - L$pL$u

1) khpf - ...................... 1) dpsp$ - ......................

2) “p“p - ...................... 2) cpC - ...................... 3) kÐe - ...................... 3) ‘rs - ......................

4) ApNm - ..................... 4) v$uL$fu - ......................

k. 5 Dv$plfZ âdpZ¡ iåv$ gMp¡. v$p.s. blpvy$f - blpvy$fu

1) lp¢riepf - ...................... 2) hapv$pf - ......................

3) S>hpbv$pf - ...................... 4) kdS>v$pf - ...................... 5) Bdp“v$pf - ...................... 6) Mbfv$pf - ......................

k. 6 “uQ¡“p„ hp¼ep¡dp„“p f¡Mp„qL$s iåv$“p “pd“p¡ âL$pf gMp¡.

1) NyS>fps dp¡Vy „ $ fpÄe R>¡.

2) rNf“pf S|>“pNY$dp„ Aph¡gp¡ R>¡.

3) ip„spA¡ blpvy$fu bsphu.

4) ip¥e® dpV¡$ s¡“¡ ‘yfõL$pf dþep¡.

5) ip„sp“¡ Å¡hp V$p¡my„ Åçey„ lsy„.

k. 7 Dv$plfZ âdpZ¡ L$fp¡. v$p.s. Aphhy„ - Apìey„.

1) hp„Qhy„ - ...................... 2) gMhy„ - ......................

3) Ap‘hy„ - ...................... 4) bp¡ghy„ - ......................

5) ip¡^hy„ - ...................... 6) dp„Nh„y - ......................

t k„cpjZ : sd¡ sdpfu “p“u bl¡““¡ L¡$ “p“p cpC“¡ l]QL$php¡ R>p¡. AQp“L$ s¡ l]QL$pdp„’u blpf ‘X$u Åe R>¡. s¡hp kde¡ sd¡ iy„ L$fip¡ s¡ L$lu bsphp¡.

23

k. 8 ep¡Áe rhL$ë‘ ip¡^u rh^p“ ‘|fp„ L$fp¡.

1) NpdX$pdp„ gNcN ....................................

(L$) ‘p„Qkp¡ - R>kp¡ Of lsp„. (M) kp¡ - khpkp¡ Of lsp„.

(N) bkp¡ - AY$ukp¡ Of lsp„.

2) “p“L$X$u ip„sp“u Jdf ..............................

(L$) ‘p„Q hj®“u lsu. (M) v$k hj®“u lsu.

(N) bpf hj®“u lsu.

3) ip„spA¡ v$u‘X$p“¡ .....................................

(L$) gpL$X$u’u dpep£ (M) v$psfX$p’u dpep¤.

(N) kp¢Y$p’u dpep¤.

k. 9 "kÐe' R>¡ L¡$ "AkÐe' s¡ Mp“pdp„ gMp¡.

1) rNf“pf“u sm¡V$udp„ A¡L$ il¡f R>¡.

2) v$uL$fp¡ L¡$iy kps hj®“p¡ R>¡.

3) dpsp-r‘sp bNuQpdp„ afhp Nep„.

4) "blpvy$f bpmp' A¡L$ kÐe OV$“p R>¡.

5)ip„spA¡ tkl“¡ ^fpipeu L$ep¤.


(A) (b)

1) Nfhy„ L$) v$p„s

2) ArZepmp M) ip¥e®

3) rhL$fpm N$) L¡$iy

4) rhfg O) v$u‘X$p¡

5) “p“p¡ Q) NyS>fps

k. 11 sdpfp L$p¡C blpvy$f rdÓ“u blpvy$fu rhi¡ 3’u 4 hp¼ep¡ gMp¡.

âL$ë‘

t Aphp blpvy$fucep¯ âk„Np¡ hs®dp“‘Óp¡ A’hp kpdpreL$p¡dp„’u ip¡^u“¡ s¡“y„ L$qV„$N (L$psfZ) âp¡S>¡¼V$byL$dp„ Qp¢V$pX$p¡.

24


ipbpi v$uL$fp“¡...

‘pv$f¡ V$lºL$sp d^yf dp¡fgp f¡ gp¡g !

i¡fuA¡ R>p¡fp„“p A¡hp kpv$ Å¡ ;

v$“ f¡ ! Ap’dsp„ Nusp¡ Ny„S>h¡ f¡ gp¡g !

l]QL¡$ QY$u“¡ b¡“u l]Qsu f¡ gp¡g !

huf sp¡ M¢Q¡ R>¡ luf“u v$p¡f Å¡ ;

v$pv$p lfMpsp v$¡Mu MpV$g¡ f¡ gp¡g !

l¡s v$pv$p“p„ aŸgX¡$ ap¡fsp„ f¡ gp¡g !

hpfspAp¡ sp¡ dp„X¡$ R>¡ A‘pf Å¡ ;

‘fuAp¡, “v$u “¡ Xy „$Nf v$¡i“u f¡ gp¡g !

v$uL$fp¡ L$l¡ R>¡ ^¡“y Qpfsp f¡ gp¡g !

L$lp¡ v$pv$p Np¡hprmep“u hps Å¡ ;

h“dp„ hNpX$sp¡ L$p“p¡ hp„kmu f¡ gp¡g !

A¡L$ v$“ kp„cmhp k‘® AprhAp¡ f¡ gp¡g !

v$uL$f¡ ‘|„R> ‘L$X$u a¢¼ep¡ v|$f Å¡ ;

v$pv$pA¡ ipbpiu v$u^u M„s’u f¡ gp¡g !


"Qpgp¡ hp„QuA¡' A„sN®s Ap‘¡g âk„N ‘l¡gp„ rinL¡$ hp„Qu ‘R>u kd|lhp„Q“ L$fphhy„.

Ðepf ‘R>u blpvy$fu A“¡ ‘fp¾$d v$ip®hsu hpsp® L¡$ âk„Np¡ bpmL$p¡ ÅZsp lp¡e s¡“u QQp®

L$ep® ‘R>u L©$rs“y„ AÝee“ âñp¡“u dv$v$’u L$fhy„. L©$rs“y„ AÝee“ L$fsu hMs¡ d|ëedp‘“dp„

Ap‘¡g L©$rsAp¡ “S>f kpd¡ fpMhu S>ê$fu R>¡. bpmL$p¡ L¡$hp L¡$hp âk„N¡ blpvy$fu bsphu

iL¡$ s¡“u QQp® L$fhu. bpmL$p¡ ‘pk¡’u s¡d“u blpvy$fu“u L$p¡C hps DÐkpl’u kp„cmhu.

dyíL¡$gu“p kde¡ tlds lpep® hNf blpvy$fu’u s¡“p¡ kpd“p¡ L$fhp“u â¡fZp Ap‘hu.

kplrkL$ b“p¡, L$pef L¡$ X$f‘p¡L$ “rl.

25

6. Ad¡ d¥epfp„t Qpgp¡ Nfb¡ fduA¡.

Ad¡ d¥epfp„ f¡ Np¡Ly$m Npd“p„,

dpf¡ dl] h¡Qhp“¡ Åhp„ ... d¥epfp„ f¡.

d’yfp“u hpV$ dl] h¡Qhp“¡ “ukfu,

“V$MV$ A¡ “„v$qL$ip¡f dpN¡ R>¡ v$pZÆ,

dpf¡ v$pZ g¡hp„ “¡ v$¡hp„ ... d¥epfp„ f¡.

dphX$u S>ip¡v$pÆ, L$p“Æ“¡ hpfp¡,

vy$:MX$p„ v$uA¡ lÅf “„v$Æ“p¡ gpgp¡,

dpf¡ vy$:M kl¡hp„ “¡ L$l¡hp„ ... d¥epfp„ f¡.

S>dy“p“¡ suf¡ L$p“p¡ hp„kmu hNpX$sp¡,

c|gph¡ kp“cp“ KO’u S>NpX$sp¡,

dpf¡ kp’ Å¡hp“¡ Åhy„ ... d¥epfp„ f¡.

“ftkl“p¡ “„v$qL$ip¡f gpX$L$X$p¡ L$p“Æ,

Dspf¡ Apf‘pf chch“p¡ cpfÆ,

r“d®m l¥X$p„“u hps L$l¡hp„ ... d¥epfp„ f¡.

õhpÝepe


1) v$l] - ..................... 2) fõsp¡ - ......................

3) S>L$ps - ..................... 4) dpsp - ...................... 5) qL$“pfp¡ - ..................... 6) õhÃR> - ......................

k. 2 âpkhpmp iåvp¡$ gMp¡.

1) g¡hp„ - ..................... 2) Apf> - ......................

3) kp“ - ..................... 4) kl¡hp„ - ......................

26

k. 3 “d|“p âdpZ¡ gMp¡. v$p.s. “V$MV$

(R>V$, MV$, L$V$, TV$, QV, fd)

1) ......‘V$ 2) ..........‘V$ 3) ......T$V$ 4) ......L$V$ 5) ..........TV$ 6) ......‘V$$

k. 4 L$p¦kdp„’u ep¡Áe iåv$ ‘k„v$ L$fp¡.

(lº„, Ap‘Z¡, sd¡, d“¡, Ad¡)

1) .................... d¥epfp„ R>uA¡.

2) .................... rhÛp’} R>p¡.

3) .................... fdhp S>Ciy„.

4) .................... dpfu dps©cpjp Nd¡ R>¡.

5) .................... âp’®“p L$fy „ Ry> „.

k. 5 klk„b„^ ^fphsp¡ iåv$ gMp¡. v$p.s. vy$:M - kyM

1) h¡Qhy„ - ..................... 2) g¡hy„> - ......................

3) S>NpX$hy„ - ..................... 4) Dspfhy„ - ......................

k. 6 Dv$plfZ âdpZ¡ hp¼e bv$gu“¡ gMp¡.

Dv$p. : L¡$iy„ kps hj®“p¡ lsp¡.

S>hpb : L¡$iy„ kps hj®“p¡ R>¡.

1) dpspr‘sp “p¡L$fu L$fhp Nep.

2) blpvy$f bpmL$“y„ Archpv$“ L$fhpdp„ Apìey„.

3) hfkpv$ hfksp¡ b„^ ’ep¡.

4) ASy>®“ r“ip“ bfpbf spL$u iL$ep¡.

t k„cpjZ : L©$óZ“p bpm‘Z“p¡ L$p¡C ‘Z A¡L$ âk„N hN®dp„ dp¡V¡$’u L$lp¡. A’hp L©$óZ-kyv$pdp“u d¥Óu rhi¡ ÅZsp lp¡ s¡ L$lp¡.

k. 7 L$lp¡ Å¡CA¡.

1) d¥epfp“y„ Npd - ......................................................................

2) v$pZ dp„N“pf - ......................................................................

3) d¥epfp“¡ vy$:M Ap‘“pf - ..........................................................

4) L$p“p¡ hp„kmu hNpX¡$ R>¡ s¡ õ’m - ............................................

5) chp¡ch“p¡ cpf Dspf“pf - ......................................................

27

k. 8 L$pìe“u ‘„[¼sdp„ M|V$sp¡ iåv$ gMp¡.

1) d’yfp“u hpV$ ................... h¡Qhp“¡ “ukfu.

2) vy$:MX$p„ v$uA¡ lÅf ............“p¡ gpgp¡.

3) S>dy“p“¡ suf L$p“p¡ ............ hNpX$sp¡.

4) c|gph¡ kp“cp“ ...............’u S>NpX$sp¡.

k. 9 A’®“¡ Ap^pf¡ L$pìe‘„[¼s gMp¡.

1) L$p“p¡ S>dy“p“p suf¡ hp„kmu hNpX¡$ R>¡.

2) “V$MV$ L$p“p¡ Np¡‘uAp¡ ‘pk¡ v$pZ dpN¡ R>¡.

3) “„v$Æ“p¡ gpgp¡ “ftkl dl¡sp“p¡ gpX$L$p¡ R>¡.

k. 10 ep¡Áe rhL$ë‘ ‘k„v$ L$fp¡.

1) d¥epfp„ ........... Npd“p„ R>¡.

(L$) Np¡Ly$m (M) d’yfp (N) h©„v$ph“

2) “„v$qL$ip¡f ............ dp„N¡ R>¡.

(L$) dpMZ (M) v$pZp (N) v$pZ

3) L$p“p¡ ............“¡ suf hp„kmu hNpX¡$ R>¡.

(L$) N„Np (M) S>dy“p (N) kfõhsu

k. 11 NyS>fps“y„ gp¡L$“©Ðe fpk-Nfbp R>¡.

s¡hu fus¡ “uQ¡“p„ fpS>ep¡“p„ gp¡L$“©Ðep¡“p„ “pd ip¡^u“¡ gMp¡.

1) ‘„Åb - ..............................................

2) dlpfpô²$ - ..............................................

3) fpS>õ’p“ - ..............................................

4) sprdg“pXy$ - ...............................................

5) dÝeâv$¡i - ..............................................

6) Ap¡qfkp - ..............................................

âL$ë‘

t L©$óZ“u bpmgugp“p L$p¡C ‘Z Qpf âk„Np¡“p„ rQÓp¡ d¡mhu“¡ L$pX®$‘¡‘f D‘f Qp¢V$pX$u“¡ kfk dÅ“y„ ap¡ëX$f b“php¡.

28


L$p¡C Np¡su v$¡Å¡ f¡, L$p¡C Np¡su v$¡Å¡ f¡,

dpfp L$p“Ly„$hqfep“u T|gZu,

lp¡ dpfp íepd ky„v$qfep“u T|gZu.

kph f¡ kp¡“p L¡$fu T|gZu,

dp„lu ê$‘p L¡$fp ^pNp,

Ahf gp¡L$p¡“¡ Ap¡‘¡ “rl dpfp,

L$p“Ly„$hqfep“p hpOp f¡ ... dpfp íepd.

i¡fuA¡ i¡fuA¡ kpv$ ‘X$phy„ “¡,

Of Of dp'gy„ Ry>„ Å¡su,

A¡ f¡ T|gZudp„ L$p„C “’u buSy>„,

A¡“¡ R>¡X¡$ L$mpe¡g dp¡su f¡ ... dpfp íepd.

dpsp S>ip¡v$p dl] hgp¡h¡ “¡

L$p“p¡ hmÁep¡ L$p¡V¡$,

A¡ f¡ T|gZu“¡ L$pfrZe¡ dpfp¡,

gpX$L$hpep¡ gp¡V¡$ f¡ ... dpfp íepd.


Ap L©$rs“p AÝep‘“ dpV¡$ rhjeprcdyM L$fhp. rhÛp’}Ap¡“¡ hN®dp„ âÐen Nfbp

fdpX$hp. Ðepf ‘R>u âñp¡, L$’“ Üpfp L©$rs“y„ AÝee“ L$fphsp„ L$fphsp„ gp¡L$“©Ðe rhi¡“u

dprlsu Ap‘u cpfs“p„ Sy>v$p„Sy>v$p„ fpÄep¡“p„ gp¡L$“©Ðep¡“u dprlsu’u hpL¡$a L$fhp.

Ap L©$rs“p fQresp “ftkl dl¡sp NyS>fpsu kprlÐe“p Apqv$L$rh R>¡. s¡d“p¡ Ars

k„rnàs ‘qfQe S>ê$f Ap‘hp¡. s¡d“p kdL$pgu“ L$rhAp¡ rhi¡ ‘Z AR>X$sp¡ Dëg¡M L$fhp¡.

“ftkl dl¡sp“p "ÅN“¡ Åv$hp' âcprsep“p¡ Dëg¡M ‘Z Ahíe L$fhp¡.

Cðf AÓ - sÓ kh®Ó hk¡ R>¡.

29

7. Ad¡ L$df L$ku

t Qpgp¡ fduA¡.

S|>’ - 1 S|>’ - 2 S|>’ - 3

fpô²$r‘sp dlpÐdp Np„^uÆ L$f¢N¡ ep df¢N¡

QpQp “¡lfy ‘„qX$s S>hplfgpg “¡lfy Apfpd lfpd l¥ ip„rsv|$s

gp¡L$dpÞe bpm N„Np^f qV$mL$ õhfpÄe dpfp¡ S>ÞdrkÙ l½$ R>¡.

“¡spÆ kycpjQ„Ö bp¡T S>etlv$

tlv$“p v$pv$p v$pv$pcpC “hfp¡Æ õhfpÄe

“p“p„ “p“p„ bpm L¡$hp„

füp„ Ad¡ lku ;

cgcgp“u kpd¡ ’php

Ad¡ L$df L$ku ... “p“p„

tlds Å¡C Adpfu vy$íd“

fl¡i¡ lp’ Oku ;

lpL$ ‘X¡$ Äep„ dp-cp¡d“u

Ad¡ S>Ciy„ ^ku ... “p“p„

A¡L¡$L$ bpm tkl kfuMp„

S>i¡ “p A¡ Mku ;

Mydpfu Ap S>„N M¡ghp

Sy>Ap¡ qv$g¡ hku ... “p“p„

30

õhpÝepe


1) L¡$X$ - ..................... 2) iÓy - ......................

3) lpL$g - ..................... 4) dps©c|rd - ......................

5) Sy>õkp¡ - ..................... 6) gX$pC - ......................

k. 2 S>¡d tkl S>„Ng“p¡ fpÅ R>¡ s¡d

1) aŸgp¡“p¡ fpÅ - ............. 2) amp¡“p¡ fpÅ> - ..............

3) ‘„MuAp¡“p¡ fpÅ - ............. 4) ipL$cpÆ“p¡ fpÅ - ..............

k. 3 Dv$plfZ âdpZ¡ klk„b„^ ^fphsp iåv$ gMp¡.

v$p.s. “p“p - dp¡V$p

1) lkhy„ - ..................... 2) vy$íd“> - ......................

3) tlds - ..................... 4) ^fsu - ......................

k. 4 lku - ..............., ..............., ..............., ..............., ...............

AphX¡$ s¡V$gp âpkhpmp iåv$p¡ gMp¡.

k. 5 “d|“p âdpZ¡ gMp¡ : v$p.s. bpmL$ tkl-kfuMp„ (L$p¡gkp, ‘p„v$X$p„, v|$^, ê$)

1) kkgp - ..........-kfuMp„ 2) ‘p¡‘V$> - ..........-kfuMp„ 3) L$pNX$p - ..........-kfuMp„ 4) bNgp - ..........-kfuMp„

t k„cpjZ : Ap‘Zp v$¡i“u kflv$ D‘f Ap‘Zp kp¥“u fnp L$fsp„ k¥r“L$p¡ dpV¡$ b¡-b¡ hp¼ep¡ L$lp¡.

k. 6 ep¡Áe rhL$ë‘ ‘k„v$ L$fu rh^p“ ‘|Z® L$fp¡.

1) bpmL$p¡A¡ ............. L$ku R>¡.

(A) L$df (b) tlds (L$) L$p¡Zu

2) vy$íd“p¡ ................ Å¡C“¡ lp’ Oksp flu S>i¡.

(A) bpmL$p¡“u i[¼s (b) bpmL$p¡“u blpvy$fu (L$) bpmL$p¡“u tlds

3) ............“u lpL$g ‘X$sp„ S> bpmL$p¡ ^ku S>i¡.

(A) cpfsdp (b) dpcp¡d (L$) dps©c|rd

4) bpmL$p¡“p„ qv$gdp„ ............ hku R>¡.

(A) v$ep (b) L$fyZp (L$) Mydpfu

31

k. 7 “uQ¡“p„ hp¼ep¡ hp„Qp¡. s¡ A’® v$ip®hsu L$pìe‘„[¼s gMp¡. 1) tkl S>¡hp„ bpmL$p¡ fZd¡v$p“dp„’u ‘pR>p lW$i¡ “rl. 2) bpmL$p¡A¡ vy$íd“p¡“p¡ kpd“p¡ L$fhp L$df L$ku R>¡. 3) bpmL$p¡“u tlds Å¡C vy$íd“p¡ lp’ Oksp„ flu S>i¡.

k. 8 L$lp¡ L$p¡Z ? 1) L$df L$k“pf - ........................................... 2) lp’ Oksp„ flu S>“pf - ........................................... 3) lpL$g ‘pX$“pf - ...........................................

k. 9 L$pìe“p Ap^pf¡ ep¡Áe q¾$ep‘v$ gMp¡. 1) Ad¡ L$df - ................... 2) füp„ Ad¡ - ................... 3) fl¡i¡ lp’ - ................... 4) Ad¡ S>Ciy„ - ................... 5) S>i¡ “p A¡ - ................... 4) Sy>Ap¡ qv$g¡ - ...................

k. 10 v$¡i“u ApTpv$u“p S>„Ndp„ iluv$ ’“pf v$¡ic¼sp¡“p„ “pd“u epv$u b“php¡.

âL$ë‘

A¡L$ ky„v$f fpô²$ÝhS> b“php¡.A’hp

v$¡ic[¼s“p„ ‘p„Q¡L$ Nusp¡“p¡ k„N°l L$fp¡.


fp¡S> r“ed’u cZsp„ iuMp¡.

L$pd kdekf L$fsp„ iuMp¡.

R>p¡X$u v$C“¡ Mp¡V$u V¡$hp¡,

kpv$pC’u sd¡ fl¡sp„ iuMp¡.

b“p¡ kplrkL$ Aph¡ S>¡ ‘Z k„L$V$, s¡“¡ kl¡sp„ iuMp¡.

d„rTg ‘f ‘lp¢Qip¡ r“ròs, l„d¡ip„ ApNm h^sp„ iuMp¡.


iê$Apsdp„ Ap‘¡gu dprlsu“p¡ D‘ep¡N L$fu S|>’dp„ A“¡L$ fdsp¡ fdpX$u iL$pi¡. rinL¡$ ‘p¡sp“u Ap„sfk|T’u fds fdpX$u rhjeprcdyM L$fu ‘R>u L©$rs“y„ kd|lNp“ L$fphu AÝee“ L$fphhy„. v$¡iâ¡d ÅN©s L$fsp âk„Np¡ L$l¡hp. bpmL$p¡ ‘pk¡’u kp„cmhp. v$¡ic[¼s“p„ AÞe Nusp¡“y„ kd|lNp“ L$fphhy„.

v$¡i“u k¡hp L$fhu A¡ kpQp “pNqfL$“u ‘rhÓ afS> R>¡.

32

8. s¡“pgufpd“

t Qpgp¡ hpsp® kp„cmuA¡.

lpS>fS>hpbu dyëgp

A¡L$ hpf dyëgp “kfyØu“ X„$apk dpfsp„ bp¡gu Nep, "dpfp S>¡hp¡ r“ip“bpS> L$p¡C “rl. lº„ r“ip“ spLy„$, ‘ZR> M¡Qy„ “¡ suf R|>V¡$ k“““...' A¡V$g¡ r“ip“ h]^pey„ S> kdÅ¡. Ap kp„cmu A¡L$ S>Z sfs suf-L$pdWy„$ gC Apìep¡ “¡ dyëgp“¡ Ap‘sp„ L$üy„, "gp¡ dyëgpÆ, QX$php¡ suf “¡ spL$p¡ ‘¡gy„ r“ip“'. dyëgpA¡ A¡L$ suf gu^y„, ‘ZR> M¢Qu“¡ suf R>p¡X$éy„ ‘Z suf r“ip“ ky^u ‘lp¢Ãey„ S> “rl, A^hÃQ¡ S> ‘X$éy„. b^p lp-lp-lp L$fsp„ lku ‘X$ép “¡ bp¡ëep, "bk dyëgpÆ, Aphy„ S> sdpfy„ r“ip“

“¡?' dyëgp aV$ L$fsp„ bp¡ëep, "Ap r“ip“ dpfy„ “lp¡sy„; L$pÆ“y„ lsy„. L$pÆ suf L¡$d R>p¡X¡$ R>¡ A¡“u d¢ sd“¡ “L$g L$fu bsphu'. lh¡ dyëgpA¡ buSy>„ suf gC“¡ R>p¡X$éy„. A¡ suf ‘l¡gp„ L$fsp„ S>fp ApNm ‘lp¢Ãey„ ‘Z r“ip“ ‘f gpÁey„ “rl. hmu b^p lku ‘X$ép “¡ bp¡ëep, ""Ap r“ip“ sp¡ sd¡ S> spL¡$gy„ “¡?'' dyëgp TV$ bp¡ëep, "“p, Ap r“ip“ ‘Z dpfy„ “lp¡sy„. Ap r“ip“ ""L$p¡V$hpg“y„ lsy„. L$p¡V$hpg suf L¡$d R>p¡X¡$ R>¡ A¡“u d¢ sd“¡ “L$g L$fu bsphu'' L$p¡C bp¡ëey„, "dyëgpÆ lh¡ L$p¡“u “L$g L$fu bsphp¡ R>p¡?' Ap kp„cmu b^p hmu MX$MX$pV$ lõep. dyëgp L$iy„ bp¡ëep “rl, ‘Z Q|‘Qp‘ ÓuSy>„ suf gu^y„, r“ip“ sp¼ey„ Å¡f’u M¡„Qu“¡ suf R>p¡X$éy„ k““““...' kpfp “kub¡ Ap hMs¡ suf r“ip“ ‘f gpÁey„. b^p Ap„Mp¡ ‘lp¡mu L$fu“¡ Å¡C S> füp. L$p¡C L„$C bp¡g¡ A¡ ‘l¡gp„ S> dyëgp bp¡gu EW$ép, ""Å¡ey„ “¡,

Ap lsy„ b„v$p“y„ r“ip“''.

AL$bf“p v$fbpfdp„ lpS>fS>hpbu bufbg lsp s¡d fpÅ L©$óZv$¡hfpe“p v$fbpfdp„ s¡“pgufpd“ lsp. Nd¡ s¡hp AOfp âñp¡“p S>hpb sfs S> Ap‘u v$¡sp. S>¡“u ‘pk¡ byqÙ, bm A“¡ tlds lp¡e s¡“¡ kp¥ dp“ Ap‘¡. s¡“pgufpd““y„ ‘Z M|b dp“ lsy„. L©$óZv$¡hfpe s¡“¡ ‘p¡sp“u bpSy>dp„ b¡kpX$sp lsp.

L©$óZv$¡hfpe“p v$fbpf“p k¡“p‘rs“¡ s¡“pgufpd““u M|b Bóep® ’su. s¡Z¡

s¡“pgufpd““¡ kpZkpdp„ g¡hp“y„ “½$u L$ey¯. s¡“u Apbê$ fpM ’C Åe s¡hp âk„N“u s¡ fpl Å¡hp gpÁep. A¡L$ qv$hk k¡“p‘rs“¡ kfk sL$ dmu NC. hfkpv$ ‘X$sp¡ lp¡hp’u s¡“pgufpd“ kdekf v$fbpfdp„ ‘lp¢Qu i¼ep “lp¡sp. s¡ sL$ TX$‘u“¡ k¡“p‘rsA¡ L©$óZv$¡hfpe“p L$p“ c„c¡ep¯. fpÅA¡ rk‘pC“¡ bp¡gphu lºL$d L$ep£ L¡$, "s¡“pgufpd“ S>¡ lpgsdp„ lp¡e s¡ S> lpgsdp„ lpS>f L$fp¡.'

33

rk‘pBAp¡ s¡“pgufpd““p Of¡ ‘lp¢Ãep. s¡“pgufpd“ hfkpv$ b„^ ’hp“u fpl Å¡C ‘g„Ndp„ ApX$p ‘X$ép lsp. ’pL$ A“¡ ‘h““¡ gu^¡ s¡d“¡ OkOkpV$ K^ Aphu NC lsu. rk‘pBAp¡A¡ s¡“pgufpd““¡ Ap S> lpgsdp„ gC S>hp“p R>¡ A¡d rhQpfu ‘g„N S> DW$pìep¡. fõspdp„ s¡“pgufpd“ ÅNu Nep. ÅNsp„“u kp’¡ S> s¡d“¡ ¿epg Aphu Nep¡ L¡$, L©$óZv$¡hfpe“p lºL$d rkhpe Ap gp¡L$p¡ d“¡ Apd D‘pX$hp“u tlds “ L$f¡. lº„ ApS>¡ v$fbpfdp„ dp¡X$p¡ ‘X$ép¡ A¡“y„ S> Ap ‘qfZpd R>¡. fõspdp„ A¡L$ TpX$ Aphsy„ lsy„. s¡ TpX$ hX$“y„ lp¡hp’u s¡“u gp„bu hX$hpCAp¡ “uQ¡ ky^u gV$L$su lsu. s¡ s¡“pgufpd“ ÅZsp lsp.

rk‘pBAp¡ Äepf¡ TpX$ “uQ¡’u ‘kpf ’ep Ðepf¡ s¡“pgufpd“¡ A¡L$ hX$hpC ‘L$X$u gu^u A“¡ hX$ D‘f QX$u Nep.

rbQpfp rk‘pBAp¡“¡ ¿epg ‘Z “ Apìep¡ L¡$ Ap‘Z¡ Mpgu ‘g„N D‘pX$u“¡ gB S>BA¡ R>uA¡.

buÆ bpSy> s¡“pgufpd“ TpX$ ‘f’u “uQ¡ Esfu V|„$L$p fõs¡’u v$p¡X$sp v$p¡X$sp v$fbpfdp„ ‘lp¢Qu Nep. L$p¡C“¡ ¿epg “ Aph¡ A¡d ‘p¡sp“u S>ÁepA¡ b¡ku Nep.

rk‘pBAp¡ ‘g„N“¡ Qpf ‘pep’u ‘L$X$u“¡ lpS>f ’ep Ðepf¡ v$fbpfdp„ lkplk ’C NC. k¡“p‘rs sp¡ cpf¡ DÐkpldp„ Aphu Nep, L$pfZ L¡$ rk‘pBAp¡A¡ s¡“pgufpd““¡ KOsp S> TX$àep lsp.

L©$óZv$¡hfpe“p tklpk“ kpd¡ ‘g„N Dspfu rk‘pBAp¡A¡ fpÅ“¡ kgpd cfu. ‘R>u L$üy„, "“pdv$pf Ap‘“u Apop âdpZ¡ s¡“pgufpd““¡ S>¡ [õ’rsdp„ lsp s¡ S> [õ’rsdp„ lpS>f L$ep¯ R>¡.' fpÅA¡ ‘g„Ndp„ “S>f L$fu sp¡ ‘g„N Mpgu lsp¡.

34

rk‘pBAp¡ A“¡ v$fbpfuAp¡ ‘Z v$„N ’C Nep. fpÅ“p Nyõkp“p¡ ‘pf “ füp¡. s¡dZ¡ Nyõk¡ ’C“¡ ÓpX$ “p„Mu, "¼ep„ R>¡ s¡“pgufpd“ ?'

sfs S> s¡“pgufpd“ Ecp ’ep A“¡ bp¡ëep, "AÞ“v$psp, lº„ Al] v$fbpfdp„ Ry>„.' s¡“pgufpd““¡ v$fbpfdp„ lpS>f Å¡C

fpÅ“p¡ Nyõkp¡ Esfu Nep¡. s¡dZ¡ lkhy„ fp¡L$u“¡ ‘|R¹>ey„, "sd¡ v$fbpfdp„ ¼epf¡ Apìep?' "Äepf¡ Ap‘¡ Å¡ep¡ Ðepf¡, “pdv$pf', s¡“pgufpd“¡ L$üy„. k¡“p‘rs“p sp¡ lp¢iL$p¡i S> EX$u Nep. s¡“pgufpd“ lksp„ lksp„ ‘p¡sp“p Apk“ ‘f b¡ku Nep.

õhpÝepe


1) L$Q¡fu - ..................... 2) dyíL¡$g - ......................

3) BS>S>s - ..................... 4) dp¡L$p¡ - ...................... 5) b|d - ..................... 6) hX$“u X$pmu - ....................

k. 2 klk„b„^ ^fphsp iåv$ gMp¡.

v$p.s. khpf - kp„S>

1) hl¡gp¡ - ..................... 2) S>hpb> - ......................

3) N¡flpS>f - ..................... 4) A‘dp“ - ......................

5) kl¡gp - ..................... 6) DÑf - ......................

35

k. 3 iåv$p¡“¡ ep¡Áe ¾$ddp„ Np¡W$hu A’®‘|Z® hp¼e b“php¡.

1) v$„N ’C v$fbpfuAp¡ Nep A“¡ rk‘pBAp¡ ‘Z

2) Nyõkp¡ lpS>f Å¡C s¡“pgufpd“¡ Nep¡ fpÅ“p¡ Esfu

k. 4 “d|“p âdpZ¡ ‘pW$dp„’u ip¡^p¡ : v$p.s. kfk sL$

1) .......... âñp¡ 2) ........ KO

3) .......... hX$hpC 4) ........ rk‘pBAp¡

5) .......... ‘g„N 6) ........ fõs¡

k. 5 ê$qY$âep¡Np¡ A“¡ s¡“p A’®“¡ ep¡Áe fus¡ Å¡X$p¡.

(A) (b)

1) KOsp TX$‘hy„$ L$) dyíL¡$gudp„ d|L$hy„

2) v$„N ’C S>hy„ M) Mp¡V$u fus¡ DíL¡$fZu L$fhu

3) kpZkpdp„ g¡hy„ N$) aS>¡su ’hu

4) Apbê$ fpM ’C S>hu O) “hpC ‘pdhy„

5) L$p“ c„c¡fhp Q) AQp“L$ ‘L$X$u ‘pX$hy„

k. 6 “uQ¡“p„ hp¼ep¡dp„ ep¡Áe õ’p“¡ ep¡Áe rhfpdrQŒp¡ d|L$p¡.

1) Aßv$psp lº„ Al] v$fbpfdp„ Ry>„

2) ¼ep„ R>¡ s¡“pgufpd“

3) s¡“pgufpd“ S>¡ lpgsdp„ lp¡e s¡ S> lpgsdp„ lpS>f L$fp¡

t k„cpjZ : AL$bf-bufbg“u L$p¡C ‘Z hpsp® L¡$ âk„N S>¡ ÅZsp lp¡ s¡ hN®dp„ L$lp¡.

k. 7 L$p¡Z bp¡g¡ R>¡ ? L$p¡“¡ L$l¡ R>¡ ? s¡ ip¡^p¡.

1) "Aßv$psp lº„ Al] v$fbpfdp„ Ry>„.'

2) "sd¡ v$fbpfdp„ ¼epf¡ Apìep ?'

3) "“pdv$pf Ap‘“u Apop âdpZ¡ s¡“pgufpd“ S>¡ [õ’rsdp„ lsp s¡ S> [õ’rsdp„ lpS>f L$ep¯ R>¡.'

k. 7 ep¡Áe rhL$ë‘ ‘k„v$ L$fu rh^p“ ‘|Z® L$fp¡.

1) k¡“p‘rs“¡ s¡“pgufpd““u M|b ..........................

(A) Cóep® ’su lsu. (b) tQsp ’su lsu.

(L$) gpNZu ’su lsu.

36

2) L©$óZv$¡hfpe“p lºL$d rkhpe Ap gp¡L$p¡ d“¡ Apd .......................

(A) dpfhp“u tlds “ L$f¡. (b) D‘pX$hp“u tlds “ L$f¡.

(L$) ‘L$X$hp“u tlds “ L$f¡.

3) s¡“pgufpd“¡ A¡L$ hX$hpC ‘L$X$u guû A“¡ .............................

(A) ‘u‘mp D‘f QX$u Nep. (b) dL$p“ D‘f QX$u Nep.

(L$) hX$ D‘f QX$u Nep.

4) rk‘pCAp¡A¡ s¡“pgufpd““¡ ...................................................

(A) K^sp S> TX$àep lsp. (b) v$p¡X$sp„ v$p¡X$sp„ ‘L$X$ép lsp.

(L$) f„N¡ lp’ ‘L$X$ép lsp.

k. 9 “uQ¡“p„ hp¼ep¡ Mfp„ R>¡ L¡$ Mp¡V$p„ s¡ S>Zphp¡.

1) AL$bf“p v$fbpfdp„ lpS>fS>hpbu bufbg lsp. ....................................

2) L©$óZv$¡hfpe“p v$fbpfdp„ s¡“pgufpd“ lsp. ........................................

3) s¡“pgufpd“ dpÓ kl¡gp âñp¡“p S> S>hpb Ap‘u iL$sp. .........................

4) s¡“pgufpd“ v$fbpfdp„ kdekf ‘lp¢Qu Nep lsp. .................................

5) gp„bu hX$hpCAp¡ “uQ¡ kyû gV$L$su lsu. ...........................................

k. 10 L$lp¡ L$p¡Z ?

1) fpÅ L©$óZv$¡hfpe d“¡ ‘p¡sp“u bpSy>dp„ b¡kpX$sp ...................................

2) d“¡ s¡“pgufpd““u Cóep® ’su. ......................................................

3) TpX$ “uQ¡’u ‘kpf ’sp„ s¡“pgufpd“¡ d“¡ ‘L$X$u guû ............................

4) Ad¡ v$fbpfdp„ ‘g„N S> KQL$u gpìep. .............................................

5) d¢ rk‘pCAp¡“¡ s¡“pgufpd““¡ gphhp“p¡ lºL$d L$ep£. ...............................

k. 11 L$p¡C‘Z b¡ fd|Æ Vy$QL$p gMp¡.

âL$ë‘

t v$f¡L$ bpmL$ AL$bf-bufbg, L©$óZv$¡hfpe-s¡“pgufpd“, fpÅ cp¡S>-L$rh L$prgv$pk“p A¡L$ A¡L$ âk„N L$pX®$‘¡‘f D‘f rQÓ kp’¡ gMu gphp¡. ‘R>u ApMp hN®“p¡ A¡L$ kpd|rlL$ N°„’ b“php¡. s¡“¡ ky„v$f “pd Ap‘p¡.

37


‘p„Q lÅf L¡$ ‘„v$f lÅf ?

L©$óZv$¡hfpe“p v$fbpfdp„ A¡L$ OfX$p¡ dpZk A“¡ A¡L$ eyhL$ Aphu“¡ Ecp füp. h©Ù¡ L$üy„, "fpÅÆ, Ap Sy>hp““p¡ r‘sp dpfp¡ Mpk cpCb„^ lsp¡. dfsp„ ‘l¡gp„ s¡Z¡ R>p¡L$fp“¡ DR>¡fhp“y„ L$pd d“¡ kp¢àey„. kp’¡ huk lÅf kp¡“pdlp¡fp¡ Ap‘u“¡ L$üy„ L¡$ dpfp¡ R>p¡L$fp¡ dp¡V$p¡ ’pe Ðepf¡ Ap kp¡“pdlp¡fdp„’u s“¡ Nd¡ s¡V$gu s¡“¡ Ap‘S>¡. bpL$u“u s¡„ L$f¡gp MQ® ‘¡V¡$ fpMu g¡S>¡. lh¡ lº„ Ap Sy>hp““¡ ‘p„Q lÅf kp¡“pdlp¡fp¡ Ap‘y„ Ry>„ ‘Z A¡ g¡sp¡ “’u. Ap‘ S> Þepe L$fp¡ L¡$ dpf¡ A¡“¡ L¡$V$gu dlp¡fp¡ Ap‘hu? fpÅA¡ Qsyf s¡“pgufpd“ kpd¡ “S>f L$fu. s¡“pgufpd“¡ h©Ù“¡ ‘|R¹>ey„, "Ap b¡ ’¡guAp¡dp„ L¡$V$gu L¡$V$gu dlp¡fp¡ R>¡?' h©Ù¡ L$üy„, "A¡L$dp„ ‘p„Q lÅf A“¡ buÅdp„ ‘„v$f lÅf R>¡.' s¡“pgufpd“¡ ‘|R¹>ey„, "sd“¡ L$C ’¡gu Nd¡ R>¡?' h©Ù¡ L$üy„, "d“¡ ‘„v$f lÅf dlp¡fp¡hpmu ’¡gu Nd¡ R>¡.'

s¡“pgufpd“¡ sfs S> Þepe Ap‘sp„ L$üy„, "bk Ðepf¡, A¡ ’¡gu Ap Sy>hp““¡ Ap‘u v$p¡.' h©Ù¡ v$gug L$fu L¡$ "A¡“p r‘spA¡ sp¡ d“¡ Nd¡ A¡V$gu S> dlp¡fp¡ R>p¡L$fp“¡ Ap‘hp“y„ L$üy„ lsy„.'

"s¡’u S> sp¡ lº„ R>p¡L$fp“¡ ‘„v$f lÅf dlp¡fp¡ Ap‘hp“y„ L$lº „ Ry>„.' h©Ù“¡ kdÅey„ “rl s¡’u ‘|R¹>ey„, "A¡ L¡$hu fus¡ ?'

(bpgrdÓp¡, sd¡ L$lu iL$ip¡ L¡$ L¡$hu fus¡ ? ’p¡X$uhpf rhQpf L$fp¡ ‘R>u S>hpb “ dm¡ sp¡ ApNm hp„Qp¡.)

Sy>hp““p r‘spA¡ L$üy„ R>¡ L¡$ "sd“¡ Nd¡ s¡V$gu dlp¡fp¡ R>p¡L$fp“¡ Ap‘Å¡. sd“¡ ‘„v$f lÅf dlp¡fp¡ Nd¡ R>¡, A¡V$g¡ s¡V$gu dlp¡fp¡ sdpf¡ R>p¡L$fp“¡ Ap‘hu ‘X$i¡.' s¡“pgufpd““p¡ Ap QsyfpCcep£ Þepe kp„cmu Sy>hp“, fpÅ s’p v$fbpfuAp¡ ‘Z Myi ’C Nep.


iê$Apsdp„ Ap‘¡gu hpsp® Apfp¡l-Ahfp¡l krls L$l¡hu. ‘R>u bpmL$p¡ ‘pk¡ dp¡V¡$’u kd|lhp„Q“ L$fphhy„. s¡ hpsp®“p¡ dÝehs} rhQpf kdÅhu“¡ L$l¡hp¡. Ðepf‘R>u âõsys L©$rs“y„ AÝee“ L$fphhy„. AÝee“ ‘Z hpsp® ‘Ùrs’u L$fphu iL$pe. gOyâñp¡“u dv$v$’u bpmL$p¡“¡ kq¾$e fpMhp. L©$rs“y„ rhjehõsy kdÅC Nep ‘R>u “pV$éuL$fZ L$fphu hN®“p hpsphfZ“¡ Ap“„v$v$peu b“phhy„. fpÅ cp¡S> A“¡ L$prgv$pk s¡dS> AL$bf-bufbg“p Ap¡R>p ‘qfrQs âk„Np¡ ÅZu rhÛp’}Ap¡“¡ L$l¡hp. S>¡’u âL$ë‘dp„ rhrh^sp gphu iL$pe.

byqÙ ApNm bm ‘pZu cf¡.

38

D‘¾$d - 2

t “uQ¡“p "iåv$kd|l', "ê$qY$âep¡N' A“¡ "L$l¡hs' kdÆ“¡ s¡“p¡ A’® gMu hp¼edp„ âep¡N L$fp¡.

iåv$kd|l :

Dv$p : “pL$ bp¡mhy„ - Apbfy S>hu

hp¼e : v$uL$fpA¡ dp’¡ L$fS> L$fu bp‘“y„ “pL$ bp¡þey„.

1) S>„N¡ QY$hy„

2) S>s“ L$fhy„

3) dfL$ dfL$ ’hy„

4) as¡l ’hy„

5) Op„V$p¡ ‘pX$hp¡

6) ifZ¡ ’hy„

ê$qY$âep¡N :

Dv$p : ‘uW$ ’pbX$hu - ipbpiu Ap‘hu

hp¼e : kpfy„ L$pd L$f“pf“u ‘uW$ ’pbX$hu Å¡CA¡.

1) dp’y„ dpfhy„

2) ^°pkL$p¡ ‘X$hp¡

3) Æh l¡W$p¡ b¡khp¡

4) Ap„M ApX$p L$p“ L$fhp

5) V$p„qV$ep“u L$Y$u ’hu

L$l¡hs : Dv$p : Q¡ssp “f$ kv$p kyMu - kph^p“ fl¡“pf ìe[¼s dyíL¡$gudp„’u DNfu Åe R>¡.

hp¼e : ‘p¡sp“p L$pd Q¡su“¡ L$f“pf ìe[¼s l„d¡ip„ kyMu fl¡ R>¡.

1) Ås dl¡“s tTv$pbpv$

2) k„‘ Ðep„ S>„‘

3) lk¡ s¡“y„ Of hk¡

4) “ bp¡ëepdp„ “h NyZ

sdpfp ‘qfkfdp„ fl¡sp„ âpZuAp¡“¡ r“lpmp¡. dyíL¡$gudp„ lp¡e Ðepf¡ s¡d“u dv$v$ L$fp¡.s¡Ap¡ d|„Np„ R>¡, s¡d“p¡ AhpS> b“p¡.

ASPAS-2

~ i~il~.._ ~UL, l~ yq_ q_ OOY.

~ 27.00

rQÓhpsp® - e-balbharaticart.ebalbharati.in/BalBooks/pdfs/605020090.pdf · 2 õhpÝepe k. 1...

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Transcript of rQÓhpsp® - e-balbharaticart.ebalbharati.in/BalBooks/pdfs/605020090.pdf · 2 õhpÝepe k. 1...