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Integrating Health in Transport Planning 02/10/13

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Integrating Health in Transport Planning

•Introduction

•Transport Health Issue and Oppertunity

•Health Impact Assessment

•HIA What, Why, How, When?

•Discussion

•Resources useful to you

Contents

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Awareness Training

•Share transferable knowledge

•Guidance v Practice

•Planning focussed HIA

•Best interface with regulatory assessments

•Give you the opportunity to ask the questions you normally wouldn't

•Point you to resources and networks

Objectives

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RPS is an international multi-disciplinary consultancy providing advice on:

The development of Land, property and infrastructure

The management of the

environment

The exploration and production of energy and other natural resources

The health and safety of people

Introduction

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Introduction

Me:

• Health and Social Impact Assessment Practice Leader for RPS and ERM

• 13+ years HIA experience• PhD on HIA best practice and methods • MSc in EIA• BSc Biological Sciences• Fellow of the Royal Society Medicine• Trained by CEHI, PAHO and Health Canada

• Local Planning, DCO, National Policy, international HIA experience

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Introduction

Me:

So what does this mean?

•Transferable knowledge

•Often the intermediary between public sector, private sector and local communities to facilitate the win win win

•Don’t hold back with the questions you normally wouldn't ask

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Introduction

RPS HIA Experience

Energy•EfW: Runcorn, Exeter, Rufford, Dublin, Cheshire, Lostock, Norfolk, Suffolk, Tipperary, Dubllin, Brig y Cwm, Arc21

•Biomass: Green Hills, Cardenden, Roosecote

•Gas: South Hook

•Windfarm and Grid: Eirgrid, Grid 25, Tamnamore to Omagh Power Line, Hornsea, Atlantic Array, Burbo Banks

•Nuclear: Oldbury, Hinkley, Sizewell

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Introduction

Waste

•WRAP EfW Guidance

•Wales, Durham and Buckinghamshire Waste Strategies

•Brighton and Hove, East Sussex, and Lancashire WMDF

RPS HIA Experience

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Introduction

Regeneration and Urban Expansion

•Barton Seagrave, Cambourne, Brighton General Hospital

•2012 London Olympic Games

•Kent Regeneration and Dartford Town Centre Masterplan

•Aire Valley Leeds

•Brighton and Hove LDF, Local Plan and JAAP

Health Care Planning Contributions

RPS HIA Experience

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Introduction

International •ESHIAs in Sakhalin, Salym, Kazakhstan, Algeria, Angola, Ghana, Mauritania, the Arctic and Papua New Guinea.

RPS HIA Experience

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Introduction

Aviation•Belfast City, London City, Birmingham and Stansted

Transport •HIA of the Heads of the Valleys•DoH and DfT Transport and Health Assessment Resource•KIG Intermodal Transfer Facility•Crossrail•London Low Emission Zone•Edinburgh Airport Transport Link•Tees Valley Metro•UK Highways Agency

RPS HIA Experience

Common Factor:

Transport

Issues & opportunities

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Transport Issue and Opportunity

Transport and Health

Intrinsically linked

Issues and opportunities• access, accessibility and

community severance• socio-economic health • safety (risk of accident and

injury)• quality of urban environment

(crime and perceptions of crime)

• lifestyle• air quality• noise

It is now recognised that more health conscious decision making can not only be applied to tackle and offset many of the adverse health effects of an urban environment, but can also be applied to address and prevent many of today’s significant physical, mental and social health issues, and ultimately foster healthier and more cohesive communities.

RCEP

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Transport Issue and Opportunity

Transport and Health Evidence Base

The key and repeating message from the available evidence base is that transport has the opportunity to significantly influence the health and wellbeing of communities by:

• improving access and accessibility to income, employment, housing, education, services, amenities, facilities and social networks crucial to maintaining a healthy vibrant and cohesive community

• influencing the quality of the urban environment (air quality, noise, severance and risk of collision) with social, mental and physical health outcomes

• influencing lifestyle and behaviour with opportunities to either prevent or compound many of the todays core economic, social, mental and physical health issues and inequalities (and associated costs)

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Transport Issue and Opportunity

Transport and Health Evidence Base

The development of more health conscious transport planning is therefore not only critical to facilitating daily tasks and driving sustainable employment, retail and manufacturing sectors but overlaps with the delivery of strategic health care planning and community support initiatives

the key health pathways associated with the various transport modes are overlapping, vary between the commuter type and resident community groups and the distribution, magnitude, likelihood and significance of potential health outcomes are further influenced by relative socio-economic status and age structure.

Health Impact Assessment

Such complex interactions cannot be addressed through a generic evidence base or design principles

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What is HIA?

HIA:A multidisciplinary process designed to investigate the potential health outcomes of a project, policy or programme

Aim: to ensure more joined up approach to environment, health and planning

Health conscious decision making

Investigate and address community concerns, perceptions and needs through design

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What is HIA?

Objectives:• Identify potential impacts• Maximise health gains • Reduce or remove negative

impacts or inequalities

Type• Rapid – Comprehensive• Retrospective, concurrent,

prospective• Qualitative V Quantitative

Purpose?

Multitude of HIA services

Why HIA?

Appropriately scoped HIA

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Growing Awareness: (prevention better than cure)

International• Health as a basic Human Right• Equator Principles, IFC Standards, best

practice• National Legislation• European and Worldwide Health Targets• Implied in EU Directive (EIA and SEA)

UK• Government health policy and White Papers• Public Health England (HPA)• Core to sustainable development (SA, SEA)• Community awareness and involvement• Transparency • Voluntary (Healthy Cities Programme)• Regional requirement LDF, LAA, SPG, BPG

Failure of existing assessment regimes to determine health outcome

Why do HIA?

It is now recognised that more health conscious decision making can not only be applied to tackle and offset many of the adverse health effects of an urban environment, but can also be applied to address and prevent many of today’s significant physical, mental and social health issues, and ultimately foster healthier and more cohesive communities.

RCEP

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Best Practice: (ethical)

Reduces the likelihood of major health issues

Enhances opportunities to improve health Prevents and addresses inequalities Promotes healthier, more cohesive and

sustainable communities Alleviates community concern rapidly,

robustly and with confidence Identifies areas where social investments

can be made and are most effective

DoHPCTPHOHUDUWHIASUIPHIIAIA WHOWorld Bank (IFC)CDCAUS NZ PacificDevelopersHWBWhy do HIA?

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Why do HIA?

Risk Management: (Accountability)

Identifies and addresses potential issues before they become a planning and public issue

Pre-empts and limits external criticism of a project

Can speed up the planning process Balanced assessment (potential

impacts/benefits) Aids in more effective and justified

community support initiatives Retains project control (cost and

delivery) Prevents conflict with regulatory

assessments Separates perceived from actual risk Cost effective

True of both Private and Public bodies:

‘Chief Executive of Telford & Wrekin PCT is responsible, through her negligence, for more deaths than Dr Harold Shipman’

Paper trail establishing how community health was considered at earliest onset

Justification for decision making

Rationale for mitigation / contribution

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No right or wrong way• No Statutory Requirement• No certification, accreditation or curriculum• Regional variations and requirements• Assessment overlap• Cost• Guidance v best practice• Steering groups

Different definitions, priorities and circumstance• What is health?• Assumption is the mother of all ……• What's important to you may not be a priority

for others • Barriers to benefit uptake

Different terminology and expectations• EIA, planners and developers = Risk• Health practitioners = Health Promotion and

Care• HIA = all of the above

S106 v healthy urban design

Legal and Planning Scrutiny

Health Warning

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How to do HIA?

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How to do HIA?

Founding Principle: Health & Wellbeing

Health determinants and health pathways

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How to do HIA?

Screening

Scoping

Assessment

Community Profile

Project Profile

Evidence Base

Health Action Plan

EIASEAEqIA

ESHIA

Sta

keho

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Eng

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How to do HIA?

Screening

Scoping

Assessment

Community Profile

Project Profile

Evidence Base

Health Action Plan

EIASEAEqIA

ESHIA

Sta

keho

lder

Eng

agem

ent

Screening & Scoping

• Is a HIA required?• What are its objectives?• What should it focus on?• What shouldn’t it focus on?

• What do you want out of it?

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Task

Screening

Scoping

Assessment

Community Profile

Project Profile

Evidence Base

Health Action Plan

EIASEAEqIA

ESHIA

Sta

keho

lder

Eng

agem

ent

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Screening and Scoping

Objective: quick and dirty HIA

• Identify potential health pathways (risk and benefits)

• Identify sensitive communities (impacts and benefits)

• Determine if a HIA is necessary / beneficial

• Set the objectives of the study

More Questions than Answers

Consider • local community circumstance and needs?• what are the potential health issues and

opportunities? • will sensitive communities or groups be

influenced differently?• who are they?• what are they sensitive to (income,

employment, education, lifestyle, environment etc)?

• is there a risk of widening inequality?• what are the community concerns /

perceived risks?• are there any potential barriers to benefit

uptake?

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Discussion

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Transport and Health Resource:

https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/215815/dh_123629.pdf

Wider HIA Resources and Networks

UK HIA Gateway www.apho.org.uk/default.aspx?QN=P_HIA

Welsh HIA Support Unit www.wales.nhs.uk/sites3/home.cfm?OrgID=522

Ireland www.publichealth.ie/hia

Scotland www.healthscotland.com/resources/networks/shian.aspx

London www.londonshealth.gov.uk/hia.htm

Health Urban Development Unit

www.healthyurbandevelopment.nhs.uk/

HIA Blogwww.healthimpactassessment.blogspot.com/

HIANET www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/webadmin?A0=HIANET

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Q&A

Only an introduction to HIA

What else would you like to know? What case studies would you be interested in? What areas would you like more info on?

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Close

Dr Andrew Buroni: HIAAssociate buronia@rpsgroup.com

Daniel Smyth: Air Quality Senior DirectorsmythD@rpsgroup.com

Tel: +44 (0) 1273 546 800