Royal Sovereignty from Edward to Richard II Part II: Edward II to the mid-Tudors Overview-L.M.A. to...
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Transcript of Royal Sovereignty from Edward to Richard II Part II: Edward II to the mid-Tudors Overview-L.M.A. to...
Royal Sovereignty from Edward to Richard II
Part II: Edward II to the mid-Tudors
Overview-L.M.A. to E.M. England
Edward IINot His Father’s SonPiers GavestonDisaster at BannockburnThomas, Earl of LancasterThe King’s Fall &
Deposition
Edward IIINot His Father’s Son;
Warrior KingTensions, Crisis in France“The Hundred Years War”English Expanse &
Contraction
Richard IIRoyal Minority; Noble
FactionsThe King’s Fall &
Deposition
Warwick Castle, Site of Gaveston’s Prison
Part II (post-Midterm)The 14th Century
Crown-Commonwealth ConflictEnglish Religion, Life, & Death
The 15th CenturyAge of Transition; Books & BurningsInternational RelationsWars in France; Wars in England
The 16th CenturyHenry Tudor’s DynastyHenry VIII: Man & MonarchThe Early English ReformationReformations of Edward VI & Mary
King Henry VIII
Edward II (1284-1327): r. 1307-27
Not His Father’s SonEdward I – Warrior KingEd II – Weak, Apolitical Mind
Piers Gaveston (d. 1312)Royal Favorite; ArrogantHated by the Nobility (upstart)Ordinances of 1311End at Warwick Castle
Disaster at BannockburnJune 23-4, 1314Robert the BruceKeys: Pikes, Pits; Marsh, River
Monument of Robert the Bruce, Bannockburn
Edward IIThomas, Earl of Lancaster
Erstwhile Rival of GavestonMassive Tracts in the NorthWide Influence; Noble Leader1317 – Moderate Opposition1321 – Allies vs. Hugh Despenser1322 – Royal Authority Crushes Noble Insurgents; Earl Beheaded
The King’s Fall & DepositionAbuse of the Nobility; TaxationRoger Mortimer & Q. Isabella1326-7 – Capture, Deposition
Location of SovereigntyRoyal Person or Community
Despenser’s End, 1326
Edward III (1312-77): r. 1327-77Not His Father’s Son
Regency, Mortimer’s End, 1330Warrior King; Aristocratic ValuesPolitical Savvy; Understood LimitsWidely Popular Throughout England
Tensions, Crisis in FranceEnglish Possession of GasconyFrench Royal Succession, 1328
Philip IV; Louis X; Philip V; Charles IVEd.: G-Son of Philip IV, via IsabellaSalic Law vs. Woman Rule/Bloodline
1337-8 – French Attempt on GasconyEdward III’s Retaliation/Claim to Throne
Edward III, National Portrait Gallery
“The Hundred Years War”English Expanse & Contraction
Early Alliances Failed, ’38-9Battle of Sluys, June, 1340
English Naval VictoryEnglish Activity in South, North
The Battle of Crécy, August, ‘46English OutnumberedLongbowmen CrucialAddition of Calais, 1347
The Battle of Poitiers, Sept., ‘56Edward, “Black Prince”
Rapid Decline, 1360s-90sTransitory Nature of English France
Battle of Crécy; Note the Longbowmen
Richard II (1367-1400): r. 1377-99
Royal MinorityUncle, John of Gaunt; FavoritesContinued French War; Taxation
Noble FactionGaunt & Son, Henry of Bolingbroke“Lords Appellant” in 1387/8
Vs. King and Favorites
The King’s Fall & Deposition1390s – Moderate Relations
Increasingly Strong Richard II1399 – Seizure of Gaunt’s Land
Bolingbroke Rallies Wide Support
Parliament Deposes Another King
Richard II’s Death
Great Hall, Kenilworth Castle; John of Gaunt Greatly Expanded the Castle’s Halls, Towers, and Other Structures