ROXAS ADMINISTRA

TION

Manuel Acuṅa Roxas Fifth President

First President of the Independent Third Republic of the Philippines1946 - 1948

He was inaugurated on July 4, 1946, the day the U.S. government granted political independence to its colony.

Nacionalista (1919–1945)Liberal Party (1945–1948)

(May 28, 1946 – April 15, 1948)

“If war should come, I am certain of one thing–probably the only thing of which I can be certain–and it is this: That America and the Philippines will be found on the same side, and American and Filipino soldiers will again fight side by side in the same trenches or in the air or at sea in the defense of justice, freedom and other principles which we both loved and cherished.”

The proclamation of Philippine independence written by Pres. Harry Truman was read by Paul McNutt. This was followed by the

signing of the Treaty of General Relations, an agreement on peace and amity between the US and the Philippines.

Manuel Roxas’ Priorities were:

○Industrialization of the Philippines

○Preservation of close cooperation and special relations with the US

○Maintenance of the rule of law and order

Programs and Policies under the Roxas Administration

Tydings Rehabilitation Act Bell Trade Act Parity Rights Military Bases Agreement Adopted Pro-American

Policy

Problems and Issues during the Roxas Administration

1. Issue of collaboration2. Graft and corruption in the government,

as evidenced by the “Surplus of War Property Scandal”, “Chinese Immigration Quota Scandal”, “School Supplies Scandal”

3. The failure to put an end to the communist insurgency and Huk Movement

4. High unemployment rate

“While I recognize the United States as a great builder in this country, I have never surrendered the sovereignty, much less the dignity and future of our country.”

— Elpidio Quirino

(November 16, 1890 – February 29, 1956)

Elpidio Rivera Quirino Sixth PresidentSecond President of the Third Republic1948 - 1953

Significant EventTwo Asian heads of state visited Philippines–President Chiang Kai-shek of Nationalist China (Formosa) in July 1949 and President Achmed Sukarno of Indonesia in January 1951. On May 26-30, 1950, upon Quirino's invitation seven free Asian nations held the Baguio Conference of 1950 to discuss common problems of Asian peace and security. Korean War and over 7,450 Filipino soldiers were sent to Korea under the designation of the Philippine Expeditionary Forces to Korea or PEFTOK

Two main objectives of Quirino Administration:• Economic reconstruction of

the nation through industrialization

• Restoration of the faith and confidence of the people in the government

Programs and Policies1. The creation of PACSA (President’s Action

Committee on Social Amelioration) to alleviate the economic plight of the masses;

2. Establishment of the ACCFA (Agricultural Credit Cooperatives Financing Administration) to help farmers avail of low-interest loans from the government.

3. Establishment of Rural banks and Labor Management Advisory Board, as well as the Presidential Advisory Body

4. Excelled in foreign relations

Problems and Issues Encountered:

1. Unabated rampage of graft and corruption in his government

2. Wasteful spending of the people's money in extravagant junkets abroad;

3. Failure of government to check the Huk menace which made travel in the provinces unsafe

4. Economic distress of the times, aggravated by rising unemployment rate, soaring prices of commodities, and unfavorable balance of trade

5. Frauds and terrorism committed by the Liberal Party moguls in the 1947, 1949 and 1951 elections.

He was sworn into office wearing the Barong Tagalog, a first by a Philippine president. (August 31, 1907 - March 17, 1957)

Ramon del Fierro Magsaysay Seventh PresidentThird President of the Third Republic1953 - 1957

He is known as president of the masses.

“The office of the President is the highest in the land. It can be the humblest also, if we regard it — as we must — in the light of basic democratic principles. The first of these principles is the declaration of the Constitution that "sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them." This simply means that all of us in public office are but servants of the people.”

During his term, he made Malacañáng Palace literally a "house of the people", opening its gates to the public.

He was killed in a plane crash before the end of his term.

Programs/Policies/Achievements

1. Agraraian reform – creation of NARRA (National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration) 

2. Breaking the backbone of the HUK Movement3. Restoration of people’s confidence on the

government4. Establishment of SEATO (South East Asia

Treaty Organization) in 18 September 19545. Negotiated with the Japanese government

regarding the reparations agreement that was signed in Manila (Japan would pay war reparations of $300,000,000 for 25 years)

6. Imposed high moral standard for public officials

Problems and Issues

1. Impending projects2. Lack of enough funds3. Graft and corruption

Carlos P. Garcia He was among the top ten in

the bar examination.

Rather than practice law right away, he first served the country by being a teacher for two years at Bohol Provincial High School.

He became famous for his poetry in Bohol, where he earned the nickname "Prince of Visayan Poets" and the "Bard from Bohol".

LAWS/ POLICIES/ PROGRAMS

Filipino First Policy○This is the law that was passed by the

Garcia administration, to give local businessmen more priority over foreign investors.

Austerity Program○The Austerity Program was implemented

by Garcia in order to curt the rampant graft and corruption within the country. The program centered on wise spending, industry, thrift, trustworthiness, integrity and honesty.

Bohlen–Serrano Agreement○The Bohlen-Serrano Agreement was the

law that shortened the original 99 year lease of US bases here in the Philippines to 25 years, the agreement was renewable for periods only up to 5 years.

Republic Cultural Awards○The Garcia administration also put

emphasis on cultural revival, due to the colonization of many countries he felt that the revival of the Filipino culture was needed. The award was given to Filipino artists, scientist, historians and writers.

PROBLEMS, ISSUES AND

CONTROVERSIES

Garcia was criticized by foreign countries, especially the United States for his anti-foreign policies.

Corruption in the government by his appointed cabinet members marred his administration